For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 12, 2016	USDL-16-1454

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2016

The number of job openings decreased to 5.5 million on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires and separations were both little changed at 5.0 million. Within 
separations, the quits rate was 2.0 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was 1.2 percent. This 
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm 
sector by industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

Job Openings decreased in May by 345,000 to 5.5 million. The prior 3-month average change in job 
openings was +80,000. The job openings rate in May 2016 was 3.7 percent. The number of job openings 
decreased for total private and was little changed for government. Job openings decreased in a number 
of industries, with the largest changes occurring in wholesale trade (-104,000), other services (-98,000), 
and real estate and rental and leasing (-53,000). In the regions, job openings decreased in the South and 
the Midwest. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.0 million in May. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. The 
number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. Hires were little changed in all 
industries and in all regions in May. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 5.0 million total separations in May, little changed from April. The total separations rate in 
May was 3.4 percent. The number of total separations was little changed over the month for total private 
and for government. In May, total separations decreased in state and local government education 
(-17,000) and in federal government (-8,000). The number of total separations was little changed over 
the month in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in May at 2.9 million. The quits rate was 2.0 percent. Over the 
month, the number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. By industry, quits 
increased in educational services (+17,000). The number of quits increased in the Northeast region. (See 
table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in May, little changed from April. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.2 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month 
for total private and for government. Layoffs and discharges declined in state and local government 
education (-15,000) and in mining and logging (-9,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little 
changed over the month in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government in 
May. Other separations increased in professional and business services (+29,000) and in educational 
services (+4,000). Other separations decreased in information (-6,000) and in federal government 
(-5,000). Other separations were little changed over the month in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 62.3 million and 
separations totaled 59.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.5 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for June 2016 are scheduled to be released 
on Wednesday, August 10, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	5,386	5,845	5,500	5,111	5,085	5,036	4,869	5,015	4,952
Total private	4,852	5,311	4,958	4,775	4,734	4,688	4,548	4,660	4,619
Mining and logging(1)	14	14	9	19	22	20	38	35	28
Construction(1)	177	193	188	320	339	303	292	354	313
Manufacturing	330	397	353	248	269	263	245	279	277
Durable goods(1)	191	208	185	144	154	158	144	160	174
Nondurable goods(1)	138	190	168	103	115	105	101	119	104
Trade, transportation, and utilities	942	1,060	944	1,095	1,031	1,008	1,060	1,012	1,005
Wholesale trade(1)	161	255	151	136	148	139	124	144	135
Retail trade	539	589	594	766	714	709	736	702	699
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	242	215	199	193	169	160	200	166	171
Information(1)	106	101	101	81	85	70	80	82	67
Financial activities	309	387	307	192	202	191	190	188	189
Finance and insurance	244	278	251	133	132	132	124	113	129
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	65	109	56	59	71	59	66	74	60
Professional and business services	1,134	961	1,021	1,071	1,031	1,012	989	1,004	1,002
Education and health services	977	1,112	1,080	604	605	652	557	570	593
Educational services(1)	85	126	94	78	96	112	81	83	94
Health care and social assistance	892	986	985	526	509	539	476	486	499
Leisure and hospitality	717	793	760	949	959	986	896	950	967
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	76	77	160	127	141	129	131	152
Accommodation and food services	646	717	683	789	832	845	767	819	815
Other services(1)	146	293	195	195	191	183	201	187	178
Government	534	534	542	336	351	348	321	355	333
Federal(1)	75	84	94	43	37	42	40	38	30
State and local	459	449	447	293	315	307	281	317	303
State and local education	146	146	151	148	152	160	138	165	148
State and local, excluding education(1)	313	303	296	145	162	146	143	153	155
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.4
Total private	3.9	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
Mining and logging(1)	1.7	2.0	1.3	2.3	3.1	2.9	4.6	4.9	4.0
Construction(1)	2.7	2.8	2.7	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.5	5.3	4.7
Manufacturing	2.6	3.1	2.8	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.3
Durable goods(1)	2.4	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.3
Nondurable goods(1)	2.9	4.0	3.5	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.6	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.4	3.7	3.3	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.7
Wholesale trade(1)	2.7	4.1	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.3
Retail trade	3.3	3.6	3.6	4.9	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.4	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	4.3	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.1	2.9	3.7	3.0	3.1
Information(1)	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.0	3.0	2.5	2.9	2.9	2.4
Financial activities	3.7	4.5	3.6	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.9	4.3	3.9	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.0	4.9	2.6	2.8	3.3	2.8	3.2	3.5	2.8
Professional and business services	5.5	4.6	4.8	5.5	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0
Education and health services	4.3	4.7	4.6	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.5	2.6
Educational services(1)	2.4	3.5	2.6	2.3	2.7	3.2	2.4	2.4	2.7
Health care and social assistance	4.6	4.9	4.9	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	4.5	4.9	4.7	6.3	6.2	6.4	5.9	6.2	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.2	3.3	3.4	7.4	5.7	6.4	5.9	5.9	6.8
Accommodation and food services	4.8	5.1	4.9	6.1	6.3	6.4	5.9	6.2	6.2
Other services(1)	2.5	4.9	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.3	3.1
Government	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal(1)	2.7	2.9	3.3	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.1
State and local	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
State and local education	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.6	1.4
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.4	3.2	3.2	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	5,386	5,604	5,608	5,670	5,845	5,500	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,852	5,137	5,132	5,175	5,311	4,958	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.2	3.9
Mining and logging(3)	14	17	10	9	14	9	1.7	2.2	1.3	1.3	2.0	1.3
Construction(3)	177	157	201	215	193	188	2.7	2.3	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.7
Manufacturing	330	336	320	337	397	353	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.7	3.1	2.8
Durable goods(3)	191	183	169	167	208	185	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.6	2.3
Nondurable goods(3)	138	153	151	170	190	168	2.9	3.2	3.2	3.6	4.0	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	942	979	1,026	975	1,060	944	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.3
Wholesale trade(3)	161	199	216	189	255	151	2.7	3.3	3.5	3.1	4.1	2.5
Retail trade	539	602	649	605	589	594	3.3	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	242	178	161	181	215	199	4.3	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.8	3.5
Information(3)	106	97	87	75	101	101	3.7	3.4	3.1	2.6	3.5	3.5
Financial activities	309	372	351	326	387	307	3.7	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.5	3.6
Finance and insurance	244	298	261	257	278	251	3.9	4.7	4.1	4.0	4.3	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	65	74	91	69	109	56	3.0	3.4	4.1	3.2	4.9	2.6
Professional and business services	1,134	1,088	1,101	1,145	961	1,021	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.4	4.6	4.8
Education and health services	977	1,129	1,047	1,042	1,112	1,080	4.3	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.6
Educational services(3)	85	83	113	85	126	94	2.4	2.3	3.1	2.4	3.5	2.6
Health care and social assistance	892	1,046	934	957	986	985	4.6	5.2	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.9
Leisure and hospitality	717	745	751	781	793	760	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	68	69	80	76	77	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.4
Accommodation and food services	646	677	682	701	717	683	4.8	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.9
Other services(3)	146	217	238	269	293	195	2.5	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.9	3.3
Government	534	467	475	494	534	542	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.4
Federal(3)	75	80	88	90	84	94	2.7	2.8	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.3
State and local	459	387	387	404	449	447	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.3
State and local education	146	152	147	145	146	151	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5
State and local, excluding education(3)	313	235	240	259	303	296	3.4	2.5	2.6	2.8	3.2	3.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	860	900	895	898	915	938	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
South	2,023	2,077	2,110	2,152	2,171	2,019	3.8	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.7
Midwest	1,223	1,311	1,283	1,308	1,323	1,203	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.6
West	1,280	1,316	1,319	1,311	1,435	1,340	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	5,111	5,125	5,510	5,290	5,085	5,036	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,775	4,789	5,154	4,912	4,734	4,688	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.8
Mining and logging	19	26	23	26	22	20	2.3	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.1	2.9
Construction	320	305	341	346	339	303	5.0	4.6	5.1	5.2	5.1	4.6
Manufacturing	248	274	276	251	269	263	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.1
Durable goods	144	168	163	145	154	158	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	103	106	113	106	115	105	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,095	1,062	1,182	1,094	1,031	1,008	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.0	3.8	3.7
Wholesale trade	136	137	147	164	148	139	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.3
Retail trade	766	765	856	769	714	709	4.9	4.8	5.4	4.8	4.5	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	193	161	178	161	169	160	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.0	3.1	2.9
Information	81	84	80	74	85	70	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.5
Financial activities	192	229	234	218	202	191	2.4	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	133	164	164	135	132	132	2.2	2.7	2.7	2.2	2.1	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	65	70	83	71	59	2.8	3.1	3.3	3.9	3.3	2.8
Professional and business services	1,071	1,080	1,110	1,071	1,031	1,012	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.1	5.0
Education and health services	604	579	651	615	605	652	2.7	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.9
Educational services	78	60	101	82	96	112	2.3	1.7	2.9	2.3	2.7	3.2
Health care and social assistance	526	519	550	534	509	539	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	949	967	1,062	1,001	959	986	6.3	6.3	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	160	157	152	150	127	141	7.4	7.1	6.9	6.7	5.7	6.4
Accommodation and food services	789	810	909	852	832	845	6.1	6.1	6.9	6.4	6.3	6.4
Other services	195	183	195	215	191	183	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.8	3.4	3.2
Government	336	335	357	379	351	348	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
Federal	43	41	43	40	37	42	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.5
State and local	293	295	313	339	315	307	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6
State and local education	148	162	152	174	152	160	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.6
State and local, excluding education	145	133	161	165	162	146	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	804	795	850	829	814	784	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.9
South	2,057	1,851	2,083	2,069	1,969	1,890	4.0	3.5	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.6
Midwest	1,124	1,259	1,276	1,254	1,075	1,137	3.6	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.3	3.5
West	1,126	1,220	1,302	1,138	1,227	1,225	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	4,869	4,977	5,159	5,096	5,015	4,952	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,548	4,631	4,812	4,747	4,660	4,619	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8
Mining and logging	38	43	42	40	35	28	4.6	5.7	5.8	5.6	4.9	4.0
Construction	292	279	325	334	354	313	4.5	4.2	4.9	5.0	5.3	4.7
Manufacturing	245	266	304	288	279	277	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3
Durable goods	144	158	187	171	160	174	1.9	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.3
Nondurable goods	101	108	117	116	119	104	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,060	1,052	1,052	1,043	1,012	1,005	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7
Wholesale trade	124	142	137	145	144	135	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
Retail trade	736	725	751	747	702	699	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	200	185	164	151	166	171	3.7	3.4	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.1
Information	80	79	70	67	82	67	2.9	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.9	2.4
Financial activities	190	215	219	191	188	189	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	124	154	156	116	113	129	2.1	2.5	2.6	1.9	1.9	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	60	63	76	74	60	3.2	2.9	3.0	3.6	3.5	2.8
Professional and business services	989	1,053	1,072	1,042	1,004	1,002	5.1	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.0	5.0
Education and health services	557	557	552	557	570	593	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6
Educational services	81	77	86	73	83	94	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.7
Health care and social assistance	476	480	466	484	486	499	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	896	907	1,011	972	950	967	5.9	5.9	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	157	132	144	131	152	5.9	7.2	6.0	6.5	5.9	6.8
Accommodation and food services	767	750	879	828	819	815	5.9	5.7	6.7	6.3	6.2	6.2
Other services	201	181	165	213	187	178	3.6	3.2	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.1
Government	321	346	348	349	355	333	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5
Federal	40	41	40	39	38	30	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.1
State and local	281	304	308	310	317	303	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	138	168	167	171	165	148	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.4
State and local, excluding education	143	137	141	139	153	155	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	745	775	808	797	783	755	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8
South	1,943	1,906	2,000	1,891	1,917	1,954	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7
Midwest	1,068	1,114	1,181	1,287	1,118	1,115	3.4	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.5
West	1,113	1,182	1,170	1,121	1,197	1,128	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	2,758	2,851	2,955	2,948	2,909	2,895	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,609	2,684	2,793	2,780	2,738	2,728	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
Mining and logging	18	19	11	15	11	12	2.2	2.6	1.6	2.1	1.6	1.7
Construction	115	86	111	158	118	120	1.8	1.3	1.7	2.4	1.8	1.8
Manufacturing	128	147	154	142	139	143	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
Durable goods	73	83	89	79	79	81	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Nondurable goods	55	64	65	63	59	62	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	629	637	618	656	624	599	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.2
Wholesale trade	85	86	86	88	83	68	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.1
Retail trade	448	462	446	492	447	442	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.1	2.8	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	96	90	87	77	94	89	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6
Information	42	38	38	36	41	32	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.2
Financial activities	108	111	130	98	106	114	1.3	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.4
Finance and insurance	67	81	93	53	66	76	1.1	1.3	1.5	0.9	1.1	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	42	30	37	45	40	38	2.0	1.4	1.8	2.2	1.9	1.8
Professional and business services	503	550	577	545	558	534	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.7
Education and health services	366	343	379	386	382	411	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8
Educational services	44	47	43	35	38	55	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.5
Health care and social assistance	322	296	335	351	344	356	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	575	636	683	644	645	666	3.8	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	57	64	77	56	63	61	2.6	2.9	3.5	2.5	2.8	2.7
Accommodation and food services	519	572	606	588	582	605	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.6
Other services(3)	125	117	91	101	115	97	2.2	2.1	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.7
Government	149	167	162	168	171	167	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	12	13	14	14	14	11	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	137	154	149	154	157	156	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local education	64	80	78	74	73	72	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	73	73	71	79	84	84	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	377	401	415	399	339	393	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.5
South	1,148	1,179	1,167	1,165	1,194	1,178	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2
Midwest	617	629	725	684	673	676	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1
West	616	641	647	700	703	648	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	1,702	1,704	1,808	1,768	1,708	1,667	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,595	1,582	1,687	1,650	1,586	1,560	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging(3)	15	21	27	21	20	11	1.8	2.8	3.7	2.9	2.8	1.6
Construction	148	182	202	165	217	173	2.3	2.7	3.0	2.5	3.3	2.6
Manufacturing	91	97	121	116	115	112	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9
Durable goods	56	61	83	71	66	81	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0
Nondurable goods	35	35	38	44	49	32	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	321	312	320	287	283	311	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	26	48	42	44	49	62	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.0
Retail trade	208	194	211	183	177	184	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	86	71	67	59	57	65	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Information	25	25	21	22	29	29	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.1	1.0
Financial activities	53	57	64	65	53	54	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.7
Finance and insurance	34	37	41	42	28	37	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	20	23	23	25	17	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.8
Professional and business services	431	442	427	438	384	378	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.9	1.9
Education and health services	150	152	145	145	151	150	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7
Educational services	33	27	40	36	43	32	0.9	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.9
Health care and social assistance	117	126	104	109	109	118	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	298	237	295	295	266	264	2.0	1.5	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	69	91	53	84	65	88	3.2	4.1	2.4	3.8	2.9	4.0
Accommodation and food services	229	146	243	211	200	176	1.8	1.1	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.3
Other services	63	56	66	97	67	77	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.4
Government	107	122	121	118	122	107	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
Federal	14	15	8	12	11	11	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	92	108	113	107	111	97	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local education	49	65	68	73	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5
State and local, excluding education	43	43	45	34	46	47	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	292	299	346	326	375	304	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.1
South	622	576	669	569	554	617	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2
Midwest	378	407	384	519	363	356	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.1	1.1
West	410	422	408	354	416	390	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Jan. 2016	Feb. 2016	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	410	422	397	380	398	390	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	344	365	332	317	336	331	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	5	2	4	4	4	5	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7
Construction(3)	30	11	13	11	20	20	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing	25	22	29	30	25	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	13	15	21	15	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	10	9	14	9	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111	102	113	101	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Wholesale trade	13	8	9	13	12	6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	80	69	94	73	78	73	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	18	24	10	15	15	17	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	12	16	11	9	12	6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	29	47	25	29	28	22	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	23	36	22	21	19	16	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	6	11	3	8	9	5	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.2
Professional and business services	56	61	68	59	61	90	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	41	61	29	26	36	32	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Educational services(3)	5	3	2	2	3	7	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	37	58	27	24	34	25	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	22	34	32	32	39	37	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	3	2	4	3	2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	19	32	30	29	37	34	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Other services(3)	13	8	8	15	5	3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1
Government	65	56	65	62	63	59	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	14	14	18	13	13	8	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3
State and local	51	43	47	49	49	50	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	24	22	22	24	27	26	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	27	20	24	25	23	24	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	76	75	46	72	69	57	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
South	174	151	163	157	168	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	73	77	72	84	82	83	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
West	87	119	116	67	78	90	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	5,390	6,146	5,499	3.7	4.1	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,850	5,624	4,953	3.9	4.4	3.9
Mining and logging	14	14	9	1.7	2.1	1.3
Construction	177	193	188	2.7	2.9	2.7
Manufacturing	330	397	353	2.6	3.1	2.8
Durable goods	191	208	185	2.4	2.6	2.4
Nondurable goods	138	190	168	3.0	4.0	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	941	1,069	945	3.4	3.8	3.4
Wholesale trade	161	255	151	2.7	4.1	2.5
Retail trade	538	599	595	3.3	3.7	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	242	215	199	4.3	3.8	3.5
Information	106	101	101	3.7	3.5	3.5
Financial activities	303	426	297	3.6	4.9	3.5
Finance and insurance	238	317	240	3.8	4.9	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	109	56	3.0	4.9	2.6
Professional and business services	1,122	1,028	1,009	5.4	4.9	4.8
Education and health services	964	1,176	1,064	4.2	4.9	4.5
Educational services	85	126	94	2.4	3.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	878	1,049	970	4.5	5.2	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	748	925	793	4.6	5.7	4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	92	109	102	3.9	4.8	4.2
Accommodation and food services	656	816	691	4.8	5.8	4.9
Other services	146	293	195	2.5	4.9	3.3
Government	540	523	546	2.4	2.3	2.4
Federal	75	84	94	2.7	2.9	3.3
State and local	465	439	452	2.3	2.2	2.2
State and local education	152	135	156	1.4	1.2	1.4
State and local, excluding education	313	303	296	3.4	3.3	3.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	860	949	941	3.2	3.4	3.4
South	2,011	2,306	1,995	3.7	4.2	3.7
Midwest	1,236	1,361	1,213	3.7	4.1	3.6
West	1,283	1,531	1,351	3.8	4.5	3.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	5,756	5,496	5,595	4.0	3.8	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,391	5,218	5,225	4.5	4.3	4.3
Mining and logging	21	25	20	2.5	3.7	3.0
Construction	407	460	380	6.3	7.0	5.7
Manufacturing	281	283	300	2.3	2.3	2.4
Durable goods	164	166	180	2.1	2.2	2.3
Nondurable goods	117	117	119	2.6	2.6	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,185	1,046	1,068	4.4	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	143	176	145	2.4	3.0	2.5
Retail trade	853	709	773	5.5	4.5	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	189	161	149	3.5	3.0	2.8
Information	87	91	71	3.2	3.3	2.5
Financial activities	215	222	212	2.7	2.7	2.6
Finance and insurance	147	134	146	2.5	2.2	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	68	88	65	3.3	4.2	3.1
Professional and business services	1,128	1,180	1,064	5.8	5.9	5.3
Education and health services	581	591	619	2.6	2.6	2.7
Educational services	51	65	76	1.5	1.8	2.1
Health care and social assistance	530	525	543	2.9	2.8	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,242	1,124	1,268	8.1	7.3	8.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	276	175	242	12.2	8.1	10.5
Accommodation and food services	967	948	1,026	7.4	7.2	7.6
Other services	244	196	224	4.3	3.5	3.9
Government	365	278	370	1.6	1.2	1.6
Federal	54	34	54	1.9	1.2	1.9
State and local	311	244	316	1.6	1.2	1.6
State and local education	93	79	99	0.9	0.7	0.9
State and local, excluding education	218	165	217	2.4	1.8	2.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	924	895	885	3.5	3.3	3.3
South	2,250	2,089	2,028	4.3	4.0	3.9
Midwest	1,375	1,233	1,361	4.3	3.8	4.2
West	1,208	1,280	1,321	3.7	3.9	4.0
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	4,825	4,878	4,874	3.4	3.4	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,443	4,628	4,474	3.7	3.8	3.7
Mining and logging	38	35	27	4.6	5.1	4.0
Construction	276	317	289	4.3	4.8	4.3
Manufacturing	234	273	267	1.9	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	137	161	167	1.8	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	98	113	100	2.1	2.5	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,026	994	979	3.8	3.7	3.6
Wholesale trade	121	156	133	2.1	2.6	2.2
Retail trade	731	685	690	4.7	4.3	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	173	153	156	3.2	2.8	2.9
Information	76	84	63	2.8	3.0	2.3
Financial activities	186	202	183	2.3	2.5	2.2
Finance and insurance	121	125	126	2.0	2.0	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	77	57	3.1	3.7	2.7
Professional and business services	973	1,070	960	5.0	5.3	4.8
Education and health services	572	549	615	2.6	2.4	2.7
Educational services	93	60	107	2.7	1.6	3.0
Health care and social assistance	479	489	508	2.6	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	865	926	916	5.6	6.0	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	103	136	121	4.6	6.2	5.2
Accommodation and food services	762	790	796	5.8	6.0	5.9
Other services	198	177	175	3.5	3.1	3.1
Government	382	250	400	1.7	1.1	1.8
Federal	40	34	28	1.4	1.2	1.0
State and local	342	216	372	1.7	1.1	1.9
State and local education	216	88	234	2.0	0.8	2.2
State and local, excluding education	127	128	137	1.4	1.4	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	670	744	668	2.5	2.8	2.5
South	1,993	1,921	2,000	3.8	3.7	3.8
Midwest	1,041	1,040	1,072	3.3	3.2	3.3
West	1,121	1,173	1,134	3.5	3.6	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	2,788	2,944	2,920	2.0	2.0	2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,612	2,806	2,719	2.2	2.3	2.2
Mining and logging	19	11	12	2.3	1.6	1.8
Construction	124	121	131	1.9	1.8	1.9
Manufacturing	131	145	146	1.1	1.2	1.2
Durable goods	73	86	83	0.9	1.1	1.1
Nondurable goods	57	59	63	1.3	1.3	1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	626	647	594	2.3	2.4	2.2
Wholesale trade	85	93	67	1.4	1.6	1.1
Retail trade	457	456	448	2.9	2.9	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	85	98	79	1.6	1.8	1.5
Information	41	42	31	1.5	1.5	1.1
Financial activities	109	111	116	1.3	1.3	1.4
Finance and insurance	67	70	78	1.1	1.2	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	42	40	38	2.0	1.9	1.8
Professional and business services	508	587	532	2.6	2.9	2.6
Education and health services	364	384	413	1.7	1.7	1.8
Educational services	45	29	57	1.3	0.8	1.6
Health care and social assistance	320	355	357	1.7	1.9	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	565	643	648	3.7	4.2	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	55	54	59	2.4	2.5	2.5
Accommodation and food services	510	589	590	3.9	4.5	4.4
Other services	125	115	97	2.2	2.0	1.7
Government	176	139	201	0.8	0.6	0.9
Federal	13	13	11	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local	164	126	190	0.8	0.6	1.0
State and local education	89	45	103	0.8	0.4	1.0
State and local, excluding education	75	81	87	0.8	0.9	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	369	337	385	1.4	1.3	1.4
South	1,164	1,242	1,195	2.2	2.4	2.3
Midwest	626	651	682	2.0	2.0	2.1
West	629	714	657	1.9	2.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	1,624	1,560	1,563	1.1	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,492	1,492	1,433	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	15	20	11	1.8	2.9	1.6
Construction	122	176	139	1.9	2.7	2.1
Manufacturing	77	102	98	0.6	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	47	58	71	0.6	0.8	0.9
Nondurable goods	30	43	27	0.7	1.0	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	284	247	284	1.1	0.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	26	49	62	0.4	0.8	1.0
Retail trade	187	158	162	1.2	1.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	71	40	60	1.3	0.7	1.1
Information	23	30	26	0.8	1.1	0.9
Financial activities	47	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finance and insurance	29	32	31	0.5	0.5	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	18	28	14	0.9	1.3	0.7
Professional and business services	420	428	355	2.1	2.1	1.8
Education and health services	166	128	169	0.8	0.6	0.7
Educational services	44	27	43	1.2	0.7	1.2
Health care and social assistance	122	101	126	0.7	0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	278	243	231	1.8	1.6	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	45	79	59	2.0	3.6	2.6
Accommodation and food services	233	165	172	1.8	1.2	1.3
Other services	60	58	74	1.1	1.0	1.3
Government	132	67	131	0.6	0.3	0.6
Federal	11	10	8	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local	120	57	122	0.6	0.3	0.6
State and local education	93	29	93	0.9	0.3	0.9
State and local, excluding education	27	28	29	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	231	341	234	0.9	1.3	0.9
South	645	525	636	1.2	1.0	1.2
Midwest	344	312	310	1.1	1.0	1.0
West	405	382	383	1.3	1.2	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)	May 2015	Apr. 2016	May 2016(p)
Total	414	374	391	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	339	330	322	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	4	4	4	0.5	0.6	0.6
Construction	30	20	20	0.5	0.3	0.3
Manufacturing	26	26	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	16	16	13	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115	101	101	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wholesale trade	10	14	4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	87	72	80	0.6	0.5	0.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	18	15	17	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	12	12	6	0.5	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	30	31	23	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	25	22	17	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	9	5	0.3	0.4	0.2
Professional and business services	45	56	74	0.2	0.3	0.4
Education and health services	41	36	32	0.2	0.2	0.1
Educational services	5	3	7	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	37	34	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	22	39	37	0.1	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	19	37	34	0.1	0.3	0.3
Other services	13	5	3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Government	74	44	68	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	16	11	9	0.6	0.4	0.3
State and local	59	33	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local education	34	14	38	0.3	0.1	0.4
State and local, excluding education	25	19	21	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	71	65	49	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	184	155	169	0.4	0.3	0.3
Midwest	70	77	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	88	77	93	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.