State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 17, 2023	                               USDL-23-2425

Technical information: 
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov    *  www.bls.gov/sae   
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/lau

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- OCTOBER 2023


Unemployment rates were higher in October in 26 states and stable in 24 states and the District 
of Columbia, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Twenty-one states had jobless 
rate decreases from a year earlier, 12 states and the District had increases, and 17 states had 
little change. The national unemployment rate, 3.9 percent, changed little both over the month 
and over the year.

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 1 state and was essentially unchanged in 49 states and 
the District of Columbia in October. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased 
in 34 states and was essentially unchanged in 16 states and the District.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force and 
unemployment data are modeled based largely on a survey of households. These data pertain to 
individuals by where they reside. The employment data are from an establishment survey that 
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on 
payrolls defined by where the establishments are located. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Unemployment

Maryland had the lowest jobless rate in October, 1.7 percent. The next lowest rate was in North 
Dakota, 1.9 percent. Nevada had the highest unemployment rate, 5.4 percent. In total, 26 states
had unemployment rates lower than the U.S. figure of 3.9 percent, 4 states and the District of 
Columbia had higher rates, and 20 states had rates that were not appreciably different from that 
of the nation. (See tables A and 1.)

In October, 26 states had over-the-month unemployment rate increases, all of which were 0.2
percentage point or 0.1 point. Twenty-four states and the District of Columbia had jobless rates 
that were not notably different from those of a month earlier, though some had changes that were 
at least as large numerically as the significant changes. (See table B.)

Twenty-one states had over-the-year unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which was in
Maryland (-1.5 percentage points). Twelve states and the District of Columbia had rate increases 
from October 2022, the largest of which was in New Jersey (+1.3 percentage points). Seventeen 
states had jobless rates that were not notably different from those of a year earlier, though
some had changes that were at least as large numerically as the significant changes. 
(See table C.)

Nonfarm Payroll Employment

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 1 state and was essentially unchanged in 49 states and 
the District of Columbia in October 2023. The only job gain occurred in Florida 
(+28,400, or +0.3 percent). (See tables D and 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 34 states and was essentially unchanged 
in 16 states and the District of Columbia. The largest job gains occurred in Texas (+391,500), 
California (+285,300), and Florida (+278,400). The largest percentage increases occurred in Idaho 
(+3.5 percent) and Nevada (+3.4 percent), followed by Florida and Texas (+2.9 percent each). 
(See table E.)

_____________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment news release for October is scheduled to
be released on Thursday, November 30, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The State Employment and 
Unemployment news release for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 22, 
2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).



Table A. States with unemployment rates significantly different
from that of the U.S., October 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------
                State                |          Rate(p)
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States (1) ...................|           3.9
                                     |
Alabama .............................|           2.3
Arkansas ............................|           3.1
California ..........................|           4.8
District of Columbia ................|           5.0
Florida .............................|           2.8
Hawaii ..............................|           2.9
Idaho ...............................|           3.2
Illinois ............................|           4.6
Iowa ................................|           3.2
Kansas ..............................|           2.9
                                     |
Maine ...............................|           2.8
Maryland ............................|           1.7
Massachusetts .......................|           2.8
Minnesota ...........................|           3.2
Missouri ............................|           3.1
Montana .............................|           2.8
Nebraska ............................|           2.2
Nevada ..............................|           5.4
New Hampshire .......................|           2.1
New Jersey ..........................|           4.6
                                     |
North Dakota ........................|           1.9
Oklahoma ............................|           3.2
Pennsylvania ........................|           3.4
Rhode Island ........................|           2.7
South Carolina ......................|           2.9
South Dakota ........................|           2.0
Utah ................................|           2.7
Vermont .............................|           2.0
Virginia ............................|           2.7
Wisconsin ...........................|           3.2
Wyoming .............................|           2.9
--------------------------------------------------------------
   (1) Data are not preliminary.
   (p) = preliminary.


Table B. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from September 2023 to October 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------| Over-the-month
             State              | September |  October  |    change(p)
                                |   2023    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alaska .........................|     4.1   |     4.3   |       0.2
Arizona ........................|     4.0   |     4.2   |        .2
Arkansas .......................|     2.9   |     3.1   |        .2
California .....................|     4.7   |     4.8   |        .1
Idaho ..........................|     3.1   |     3.2   |        .1
Illinois .......................|     4.4   |     4.6   |        .2
Iowa ...........................|     3.0   |     3.2   |        .2
Kansas .........................|     2.8   |     2.9   |        .1
Maine ..........................|     2.7   |     2.8   |        .1
Massachusetts ..................|     2.6   |     2.8   |        .2
                                |           |           |
Michigan .......................|     3.9   |     4.1   |        .2
Missouri .......................|     2.9   |     3.1   |        .2
Montana ........................|     2.7   |     2.8   |        .1
Nebraska .......................|     2.1   |     2.2   |        .1
New Hampshire ..................|     2.0   |     2.1   |        .1
New Jersey .....................|     4.4   |     4.6   |        .2
New York .......................|     4.0   |     4.2   |        .2
Oklahoma .......................|     3.0   |     3.2   |        .2
South Dakota ...................|     1.9   |     2.0   |        .1
Tennessee ......................|     3.2   |     3.3   |        .1
                                |           |           |
Utah ...........................|     2.6   |     2.7   |        .1
Vermont ........................|     1.9   |     2.0   |        .1
Virginia .......................|     2.5   |     2.7   |        .2
Washington .....................|     3.6   |     3.8   |        .2
West Virginia ..................|     3.8   |     4.0   |        .2
Wisconsin ......................|     3.1   |     3.2   |        .1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table C. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes
from October 2022 to October 2023, seasonally adjusted
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                |          Rate         |
                                |-----------|-----------|  Over-the-year
             State              |  October  |  October  |    change(p)
                                |   2022    |  2023(p)  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ........................|     2.6   |     2.3   |      -0.3
Alaska .........................|     3.8   |     4.3   |        .5
Arkansas .......................|     3.5   |     3.1   |       -.4
California .....................|     4.1   |     4.8   |        .7
Colorado .......................|     2.8   |     3.3   |        .5
Connecticut ....................|     4.0   |     3.5   |       -.5
Delaware .......................|     4.7   |     4.2   |       -.5
District of Columbia ...........|     4.2   |     5.0   |        .8
Georgia ........................|     3.1   |     3.4   |        .3
Hawaii .........................|     3.7   |     2.9   |       -.8
                                |           |           |
Idaho ..........................|     2.8   |     3.2   |        .4
Indiana ........................|     3.2   |     3.6   |        .4
Maryland .......................|     3.2   |     1.7   |      -1.5
Massachusetts ..................|     3.8   |     2.8   |      -1.0
Minnesota ......................|     3.0   |     3.2   |        .2
Mississippi ....................|     4.1   |     3.3   |       -.8
Missouri .......................|     2.7   |     3.1   |        .4
Nebraska .......................|     2.7   |     2.2   |       -.5
New Hampshire ..................|     2.9   |     2.1   |       -.8
New Jersey .....................|     3.3   |     4.6   |       1.3
                                |           |           |
New Mexico .....................|     3.5   |     3.8   |        .3
North Carolina .................|     3.9   |     3.4   |       -.5
North Dakota ...................|     2.1   |     1.9   |       -.2
Ohio ...........................|     4.2   |     3.6   |       -.6
Oregon .........................|     4.8   |     3.6   |      -1.2
Pennsylvania ...................|     4.4   |     3.4   |      -1.0
Rhode Island ...................|     3.4   |     2.7   |       -.7
South Carolina .................|     3.3   |     2.9   |       -.4
Texas ..........................|     3.9   |     4.1   |        .2
Utah ...........................|     2.4   |     2.7   |        .3
                                |           |           |
Vermont ........................|     3.1   |     2.0   |      -1.1
Virginia .......................|     3.1   |     2.7   |       -.4
Washington .....................|     4.6   |     3.8   |       -.8
Wyoming ........................|     3.9   |     2.9   |      -1.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table D. States with statistically significant employment changes from
September 2023 to October 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             | Over-the-month change(p)
            State             |  September  |   October   |---------------------------
                              |     2023    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Florida ......................|   9,795,600 |   9,824,000 |      28,400 |      0.3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.


Table E. States with statistically significant employment changes from
October 2022 to October 2023, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              |             |             |  Over-the-year change(p)
            State             |   October   |   October   |---------------------------
                              |     2022    |    2023(p)  |    Level    |   Percent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama ......................|   2,125,000 |   2,151,500 |      26,500 |      1.2
Alaska .......................|     321,800 |     328,000 |       6,200 |      1.9
Arizona ......................|   3,113,000 |   3,167,700 |      54,700 |      1.8
California ...................|  17,869,600 |  18,154,900 |     285,300 |      1.6
Connecticut ..................|   1,669,400 |   1,698,700 |      29,300 |      1.8
Delaware .....................|     476,600 |     486,600 |      10,000 |      2.1
Florida ......................|   9,545,600 |   9,824,000 |     278,400 |      2.9
Georgia ......................|   4,843,900 |   4,937,300 |      93,400 |      1.9
Idaho ........................|     834,600 |     863,500 |      28,900 |      3.5
Illinois .....................|   6,080,600 |   6,145,900 |      65,300 |      1.1
                              |             |             |             |       
Indiana ......................|   3,221,700 |   3,284,100 |      62,400 |      1.9
Kentucky .....................|   1,982,200 |   2,034,400 |      52,200 |      2.6
Louisiana ....................|   1,929,400 |   1,972,800 |      43,400 |      2.2
Maryland .....................|   2,715,300 |   2,759,200 |      43,900 |      1.6
Massachusetts ................|   3,705,600 |   3,782,700 |      77,100 |      2.1
Minnesota ....................|   2,959,900 |   3,001,300 |      41,400 |      1.4
Missouri .....................|   2,951,400 |   2,992,700 |      41,300 |      1.4
Nevada .......................|   1,519,100 |   1,571,300 |      52,200 |      3.4
New Hampshire ................|     690,500 |     703,500 |      13,000 |      1.9
New Jersey ...................|   4,267,300 |   4,353,000 |      85,700 |      2.0
                              |             |             |             |       
New Mexico ...................|     854,500 |     871,600 |      17,100 |      2.0
New York .....................|   9,597,400 |   9,716,800 |     119,400 |      1.2
North Carolina ...............|   4,841,800 |   4,938,400 |      96,600 |      2.0
Ohio .........................|   5,546,300 |   5,655,900 |     109,600 |      2.0
Oregon .......................|   1,968,500 |   2,002,300 |      33,800 |      1.7
Pennsylvania .................|   6,038,900 |   6,168,100 |     129,200 |      2.1
South Carolina ...............|   2,264,800 |   2,314,000 |      49,200 |      2.2
South Dakota .................|     456,000 |     466,500 |      10,500 |      2.3
Tennessee ....................|   3,277,500 |   3,317,600 |      40,100 |      1.2
Texas ........................|  13,656,700 |  14,048,200 |     391,500 |      2.9
                              |             |             |             |       
Utah .........................|   1,692,600 |   1,732,200 |      39,600 |      2.3
Virginia .....................|   4,106,100 |   4,164,500 |      58,400 |      1.4
Washington ...................|   3,567,800 |   3,650,400 |      82,600 |      2.3
Wyoming ......................|     285,800 |     293,300 |       7,500 |      2.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.

Technical Note
 
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data for states and selected substate
   areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2). Also presented are
   nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and industry supersector from the Current Employment
   Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
   endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions
   as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a
   sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
   Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a place of-residence basis. The
   universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Employed people
   are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including
   the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not
   working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as
   bad weather, labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
   
   Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above),
   had actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the reference week, and were 
   currently available for work; people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted
   as unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people. The unemployment rate
   is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
   metropolitan division, New York City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
   time-series models. This method, which underwent substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2021, utilizes
   data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) programs. 
   Estimates for the state of California are derived by summing the estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-
   Glendale metropolitan division and the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are
   derived by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State. Estimates for the 
   five additional substate areas contained in this release (the Cleveland-Elyria and Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
   metropolitan areas and the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, Miami-Miami Beach Kendall, and Seattle-
   Bellevue-Everett metropolitan divisions) and their respective balances of state are produced using a similar
   model-based approach.
   
   Each month, estimates for the nine census divisions first are modeled using inputs from the CPS only and
   controlled to the national totals. State estimates then are controlled to their respective census division
   totals. Substate and balance-of-state estimates for the five areas noted above also are controlled to their
   respective state totals. This tiered process of controlling model-based estimates to the U.S. totals is called
   real-time benchmarking. Estimates for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to 
   the CPS. A more detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect adjustments made after
   the end of each year. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau,
   any revisions in the other data sources, and model re-estimation. In most years, historical data for the
   most recent five years are revised near the beginning of each calendar year, prior to the release of January
   estimates. With the introduction of a new generation of time series models in 2021, historical data were
   re-estimated back to the series beginnings in 1976, 1990, or 1994.

   Seasonal adjustment. The LAUS models decompose the estimates of employed and unemployed people into trend,
   seasonal, and irregular components. The benchmarked signals of employed and unemployed people first are
   adjusted using an X-11 type of seasonal adjustment filter. The adjusted data then are smoothed using a
   Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) filter. The smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates of employed and
   unemployed people are summed to derive the civilian labor force, and the unemployment rate then is 
   calculated as the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force. The resulting smoothed-seasonally adjusted
   unemployment rate estimates are analyzed in this news release and published on the BLS website.
   
   During estimation for the current year, the smoothed-seasonally adjusted estimates for a given month are
   created using an asymmetric filter that incorporates information from previous observations only. For
   annual revisions, historical data are smoothed using a two-sided filter.

   Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations that were issued
   by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. A detailed list of the geographic definitions
   is available online at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. 

Employment--from the CES program

   Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of
   the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than
   at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. 
   Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of
   the North American Industry Classification System. 

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures.
   Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a
   ratio of current month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed
   from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month
   are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month’s employment estimates. The weighted
   link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.
   For some employment series, the estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates 
   (described above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks,
   derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment
   insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new
   benchmark and the preceding one and to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus,
   the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-
   to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information on recent benchmark revisions is 
   available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted at the statewide expanded supersector
   level. In some cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total is computed by aggregating the
   independently adjusted supersector series. In other cases, the seasonally adjusted payroll employment total
   is independently adjusted. Revisions to historical data for the most recent five years are made once a 
   year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
   
   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available estimates including those
   for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors. Concurrent sample-based factors are 
   created every month for the current month’s preliminary estimate as well as the previous month’s final 
   estimate. 

   Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
   for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
   not forced to sum to national totals. Each state series is subject to larger relative sampling and 
   nonsampling errors than the national series. Summing state estimates cumulates individual state-level
   errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
   BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series and cautions users that such a series is subject
   to a relatively large and volatile error structure.

Reliability of the estimates

    The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys, administrative data, and modeling
    and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling 
    variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
    is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced
    into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
    are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used.

    Use of error measures. Changes in state unemployment rates and state nonfarm payroll employment are 
    cited in the analysis of this release only if they have been determined to be statistically significant
    at the 90-percent confidence level. Furthermore, state unemployment rates for the current month generally
    are cited only if they have been determined to be significantly different from the U.S. rate at the 
    90-percent confidence level. The underlying model-based standard error measures for unemployment rates
    and over-the-month and over-the-year changes in rates are available at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm.
    The underlying standard error measures for over-the-month and over-the-year changes in state payroll
    employment data at the total nonfarm and supersector levels are available at 
    www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.

Additional information

    Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment from the LAUS program, as well as nonfarm payroll
    employment from the CES program, for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions are available in
    the news release Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force,
    employed people, unemployed people, and unemployment rates for approximately 7,600 subnational areas
    are available online at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and 
    metropolitan areas are available online at www.bls.gov/sae/. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or
    have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Number				Percent of labor force
					Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,283,211	2,307,641	2,309,980	2,313,002	60,443	48,590	50,166	52,196	2.6	2.1	2.2	2.3
Alaska	356,176	357,789	357,889	357,783	13,451	14,081	14,803	15,393	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.3
Arizona	3,641,254	3,697,312	3,708,830	3,719,072	147,760	141,617	147,806	154,888	4.1	3.8	4.0	4.2
Arkansas	1,371,549	1,389,539	1,392,374	1,393,177	47,962	37,339	39,933	42,549	3.5	2.7	2.9	3.1
California	19,274,330	19,402,058	19,384,493	19,373,384	798,481	895,044	913,550	931,250	4.1	4.6	4.7	4.8
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	4,947,936	5,025,127	5,024,681	5,017,657	230,255	249,881	258,600	261,271	4.7	5.0	5.1	5.2
Colorado	3,195,674	3,255,054	3,252,584	3,247,032	90,735	99,856	103,522	105,931	2.8	3.1	3.2	3.3
Connecticut	1,913,816	1,896,455	1,897,841	1,898,977	76,777	67,253	65,528	65,662	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.5
Delaware	495,393	505,531	507,775	509,284	23,094	20,812	21,040	21,420	4.7	4.1	4.1	4.2
District of Columbia	387,812	393,223	394,815	396,686	16,280	19,519	19,642	19,879	4.2	5.0	5.0	5.0
Florida	10,840,406	11,120,875	11,153,440	11,173,838	297,315	302,949	309,379	318,027	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.8
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,380,731	1,388,325	1,388,432	1,385,485	34,028	24,390	22,645	22,098	2.5	1.8	1.6	1.6
Georgia	5,232,570	5,322,057	5,339,257	5,349,119	162,849	174,106	178,987	182,959	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.4
Hawaii	679,952	676,405	675,634	675,196	25,264	19,024	19,188	19,417	3.7	2.8	2.8	2.9
Idaho	954,969	967,205	969,308	971,208	26,780	28,947	30,258	31,465	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.2
Illinois	6,456,564	6,445,102	6,447,523	6,451,170	300,040	266,155	282,442	296,641	4.6	4.1	4.4	4.6
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,847,612	3,817,265	3,807,523	3,805,378	188,470	138,519	147,747	157,745	4.9	3.6	3.9	4.1
Indiana	3,410,756	3,429,351	3,426,206	3,421,751	108,456	117,400	121,711	123,255	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.6
Iowa	1,719,735	1,742,605	1,740,974	1,735,859	53,399	50,242	52,817	55,980	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.2
Kansas	1,505,448	1,520,808	1,521,727	1,521,213	44,412	41,743	42,270	44,090	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.9
Kentucky	2,040,464	2,049,025	2,045,126	2,040,567	80,787	82,001	84,825	85,525	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
Louisiana	2,081,232	2,094,455	2,089,785	2,087,201	74,868	68,804	67,923	69,858	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.3
Maine	671,215	683,140	685,525	686,812	20,909	17,148	18,219	19,254	3.1	2.5	2.7	2.8
Maryland	3,167,557	3,200,086	3,196,920	3,197,321	102,898	54,778	52,673	55,437	3.2	1.7	1.6	1.7
Massachusetts	3,729,779	3,717,415	3,715,958	3,721,607	141,226	98,262	96,535	102,727	3.8	2.6	2.6	2.8
Michigan	4,833,672	4,966,834	4,989,684	5,013,154	211,726	183,249	192,377	206,982	4.4	3.7	3.9	4.1
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,100,714	2,152,823	2,168,981	2,177,737	78,359	68,508	74,193	83,148	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.8
Minnesota	3,085,467	3,112,827	3,114,427	3,114,343	91,263	97,053	97,861	100,080	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.2
Mississippi	1,241,648	1,240,173	1,236,078	1,232,823	50,337	39,159	39,628	40,221	4.1	3.2	3.2	3.3
Missouri	3,067,829	3,129,659	3,130,507	3,129,522	83,150	87,977	91,675	97,812	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.1
Montana	569,696	577,719	578,408	579,106	15,191	14,691	15,425	16,404	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8
Nebraska	1,059,890	1,060,204	1,060,004	1,059,448	28,579	21,145	21,954	23,292	2.7	2.0	2.1	2.2
Nevada	1,568,077	1,591,884	1,600,363	1,607,497	86,926	85,620	86,607	87,235	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4
New Hampshire	769,275	757,831	757,711	759,321	22,351	13,782	15,118	16,299	2.9	1.8	2.0	2.1
New Jersey	4,764,810	4,877,694	4,871,803	4,858,948	158,661	203,340	214,294	223,163	3.3	4.2	4.4	4.6
New Mexico	943,372	964,577	965,584	966,554	33,207	35,840	36,165	36,994	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.8
New York	9,612,141	9,772,000	9,776,153	9,774,269	398,996	384,655	392,495	409,462	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2
New York City	4,097,792	4,180,172	4,167,577	4,156,394	211,945	219,571	218,904	222,563	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.4
North Carolina	5,162,674	5,246,358	5,264,520	5,272,566	202,523	173,531	176,610	179,425	3.9	3.3	3.4	3.4
North Dakota	413,980	418,371	417,748	417,192	8,878	7,890	7,773	7,867	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.9
Ohio	5,717,761	5,820,256	5,818,305	5,808,454	237,500	195,642	199,244	206,850	4.2	3.4	3.4	3.6
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,022,883	1,039,718	1,041,270	1,041,662	46,148	37,372	38,562	39,094	4.5	3.6	3.7	3.8
Oklahoma	1,889,725	1,938,231	1,948,454	1,957,418	60,681	54,368	58,323	62,081	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2
Oregon	2,184,456	2,144,520	2,143,700	2,144,301	105,522	73,506	74,923	76,592	4.8	3.4	3.5	3.6
Pennsylvania	6,478,553	6,499,398	6,497,073	6,499,363	282,194	226,208	221,629	223,308	4.4	3.5	3.4	3.4
Rhode Island	567,243	571,004	571,942	572,861	19,177	15,232	14,892	15,631	3.4	2.7	2.6	2.7
South Carolina	2,371,183	2,455,425	2,461,527	2,465,014	78,074	73,016	71,647	71,886	3.3	3.0	2.9	2.9
South Dakota	474,966	483,155	483,900	484,748	10,458	9,073	9,420	9,862	2.2	1.9	1.9	2.0
Tennessee	3,321,574	3,380,770	3,386,373	3,393,011	115,978	105,102	108,439	113,506	3.5	3.1	3.2	3.3
Texas	14,708,526	15,111,776	15,141,194	15,162,138	567,778	622,845	625,468	625,365	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.1
Utah	1,753,811	1,813,132	1,813,507	1,812,943	42,819	45,772	47,529	49,249	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.7
Vermont	343,054	348,302	348,862	349,923	10,528	6,407	6,601	7,137	3.1	1.8	1.9	2.0
Virginia	4,457,720	4,601,628	4,610,942	4,615,227	139,756	113,102	116,480	122,703	3.1	2.5	2.5	2.7
Washington	4,014,624	4,067,213	4,061,138	4,056,188	183,083	145,895	146,934	153,526	4.6	3.6	3.6	3.8
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,781,071	1,821,562	1,821,214	1,817,332	57,648	57,830	59,162	61,194	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.4
West Virginia	784,125	786,433	789,074	790,477	32,257	28,256	30,322	31,978	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.0
Wisconsin	3,068,518	3,133,233	3,138,525	3,142,096	93,458	89,517	96,638	102,005	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.2
Wyoming	293,528	299,071	298,664	298,154	11,452	8,739	8,696	8,752	3.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
Puerto Rico	1,185,197	1,182,328	1,188,161	1,197,592	70,972	72,840	70,862	68,937	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.8
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected area, not seasonally adjusted

State and area	Civilian labor force				Unemployed
	September		October		Number				Percent of labor force
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	September		October		September		October
					2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,281,218	2,312,093	2,290,933	2,329,015	56,385	56,110	56,863	55,711	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.4
Alaska	356,592	359,226	356,059	357,271	10,720	14,370	11,691	14,603	3.0	4.0	3.3	4.1
Arizona	3,650,556	3,746,919	3,644,431	3,737,998	146,243	160,052	143,475	163,552	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.4
Arkansas	1,375,057	1,397,759	1,371,646	1,385,640	44,440	45,213	38,713	39,250	3.2	3.2	2.8	2.8
California	19,315,502	19,459,548	19,337,188	19,408,658	713,729	949,161	756,108	927,891	3.7	4.9	3.9	4.8
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale(1)	4,958,064	5,028,740	4,947,566	4,977,558	213,559	291,800	224,004	247,420	4.3	5.8	4.5	5.0
Colorado	3,213,586	3,253,044	3,211,953	3,239,508	81,309	104,983	86,292	103,149	2.5	3.2	2.7	3.2
Connecticut	1,918,301	1,901,830	1,915,425	1,900,720	69,084	55,977	71,612	63,680	3.6	2.9	3.7	3.4
Delaware	491,742	507,836	495,808	509,873	20,714	20,678	22,331	21,414	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.2
District of Columbia	388,623	399,274	386,974	401,044	15,899	21,186	16,628	20,945	4.1	5.3	4.3	5.2
Florida	10,870,883	11,254,664	10,889,640	11,230,121	295,586	339,546	300,988	341,966	2.7	3.0	2.8	3.0
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall(1)	1,368,450	1,386,511	1,386,267	1,372,822	35,540	21,167	32,713	21,351	2.6	1.5	2.4	1.6
Georgia	5,223,304	5,369,816	5,242,508	5,359,846	147,440	184,219	162,062	186,017	2.8	3.4	3.1	3.5
Hawaii	678,618	673,571	679,409	674,077	25,055	22,379	25,689	20,824	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.1
Idaho	955,201	973,600	956,415	975,427	22,090	27,946	22,238	28,736	2.3	2.9	2.3	2.9
Illinois	6,452,501	6,455,726	6,465,052	6,457,152	274,191	317,720	274,126	292,708	4.2	4.9	4.2	4.5
Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights(1)	3,831,468	3,764,748	3,846,330	3,801,196	177,676	176,120	173,271	167,238	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.4
Indiana	3,398,192	3,397,857	3,418,742	3,415,486	83,602	113,022	100,896	111,136	2.5	3.3	3.0	3.3
Iowa	1,719,102	1,729,790	1,732,271	1,723,913	42,231	50,174	44,360	54,474	2.5	2.9	2.6	3.2
Kansas	1,503,917	1,525,053	1,509,069	1,520,726	38,397	42,252	40,767	47,306	2.6	2.8	2.7	3.1
Kentucky	2,043,521	2,029,942	2,042,280	2,029,926	70,984	84,206	76,593	76,267	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.8
Louisiana	2,084,547	2,093,434	2,087,756	2,092,654	73,258	74,413	67,550	75,571	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.6
Maine	671,831	690,716	673,183	690,052	16,214	17,180	17,000	18,186	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.6
Maryland	3,162,178	3,187,552	3,175,946	3,203,332	92,912	58,503	99,355	68,180	2.9	1.8	3.1	2.1
Massachusetts	3,712,922	3,700,212	3,728,711	3,723,658	131,259	92,980	126,176	97,504	3.5	2.5	3.4	2.6
Michigan	4,844,442	5,034,702	4,833,488	5,059,637	185,167	196,346	179,221	210,164	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.2
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn(2)	2,117,164	2,221,576	2,118,327	2,197,520	73,455	84,744	71,353	98,301	3.5	3.8	3.4	4.5
Minnesota	3,090,530	3,109,868	3,084,014	3,113,762	67,527	79,468	66,704	85,273	2.2	2.6	2.2	2.7
Mississippi	1,245,917	1,225,165	1,238,819	1,223,182	47,861	37,927	43,478	33,961	3.8	3.1	3.5	2.8
Missouri	3,059,338	3,121,358	3,069,616	3,119,676	59,884	81,532	69,888	100,165	2.0	2.6	2.3	3.2
Montana	570,557	578,673	567,873	579,472	11,340	13,734	12,728	16,818	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.9
Nebraska	1,054,341	1,056,301	1,058,922	1,057,983	23,044	20,923	24,637	24,383	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.3
Nevada	1,571,408	1,627,027	1,571,951	1,623,208	82,582	87,213	84,592	83,160	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.1
New Hampshire	767,502	758,009	766,420	765,062	19,840	18,282	19,987	16,356	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.1
New Jersey	4,741,051	4,805,287	4,774,158	4,810,468	131,055	221,000	141,366	213,804	2.8	4.6	3.0	4.4
New Mexico	945,265	964,430	946,664	969,428	31,875	34,051	30,429	35,268	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.6
New York	9,604,546	9,737,340	9,620,116	9,742,797	343,584	387,829	353,782	428,681	3.6	4.0	3.7	4.4
New York City	4,069,726	4,095,192	4,100,446	4,133,549	183,574	211,068	204,189	234,978	4.5	5.2	5.0	5.7
North Carolina	5,170,816	5,305,487	5,183,647	5,291,282	178,358	170,185	191,352	176,984	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.3
North Dakota	416,296	418,652	414,439	416,252	6,324	5,638	5,930	5,698	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4
Ohio	5,723,583	5,789,959	5,725,406	5,782,687	212,441	200,098	209,159	202,426	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.5
Cleveland-Elyria(2)	1,020,797	1,036,521	1,021,348	1,039,278	41,976	39,566	39,566	31,771	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.1
Oklahoma	1,890,095	1,973,981	1,894,580	1,976,395	56,645	67,099	58,684	67,143	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.4
Oregon	2,189,826	2,149,050	2,193,626	2,155,402	92,612	75,156	97,715	71,820	4.2	3.5	4.5	3.3
Pennsylvania	6,498,568	6,500,064	6,516,459	6,533,980	253,059	199,166	255,360	211,028	3.9	3.1	3.9	3.2
Rhode Island	572,005	576,968	567,970	575,266	16,815	13,461	15,604	16,166	2.9	2.3	2.7	2.8
South Carolina	2,366,602	2,456,158	2,376,471	2,465,108	70,362	63,038	77,360	73,730	3.0	2.6	3.3	3.0
South Dakota	474,906	486,220	476,578	488,127	7,868	8,481	9,318	10,056	1.7	1.7	2.0	2.1
Tennessee	3,334,048	3,387,956	3,332,954	3,410,214	106,679	116,468	113,030	122,280	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.6
Texas	14,685,013	15,178,113	14,731,841	15,183,880	542,893	620,012	542,670	578,529	3.7	4.1	3.7	3.8
Utah	1,754,010	1,803,473	1,757,974	1,810,000	36,763	46,065	38,894	47,962	2.1	2.6	2.2	2.6
Vermont	341,703	347,743	341,956	350,994	9,349	7,084	8,006	6,157	2.7	2.0	2.3	1.8
Virginia	4,447,950	4,622,056	4,467,866	4,614,266	131,653	139,661	130,704	136,702	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Washington	4,011,679	4,043,909	4,032,756	4,051,907	160,687	147,204	169,444	162,956	4.0	3.6	4.2	4.0
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett(1)	1,786,143	1,814,076	1,781,333	1,794,426	58,297	65,095	60,341	68,504	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.8
West Virginia	785,475	796,984	787,989	793,609	25,501	30,454	26,554	29,502	3.2	3.8	3.4	3.7
Wisconsin	3,081,893	3,145,318	3,075,305	3,147,690	84,835	101,562	79,590	94,404	2.8	3.2	2.6	3.0
Wyoming	295,451	298,363	293,968	296,567	9,382	7,370	9,967	7,433	3.2	2.5	3.4	2.5
Puerto Rico	1,172,435	1,203,253	1,176,542	1,217,382	73,825	67,502	76,200	67,322	6.3	5.6	6.5	5.5
Footnotes (1) Metropolitan division. (2) Metropolitan statistical area. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total(1)				Construction				Manufacturing
	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
Alabama	2,125.0	2,156.9	2,156.2	2,151.5	98.5	102.1	101.7	100.7	277.7	277.7	277.3	276.2
Alaska	321.8	327.0	326.3	328.0	16.4	17.1	16.4	16.6	11.4	10.7	11.7	11.6
Arizona	3,113.0	3,164.2	3,168.9	3,167.7	196.1	202.8	200.1	200.0	195.2	192.9	194.4	194.1
Arkansas	1,347.9	1,367.9	1,364.2	1,360.7	57.9	64.1	64.8	65.6	164.4	164.0	162.2	161.6
California	17,869.6	18,100.3	18,114.7	18,154.9	917.4	931.6	933.9	938.4	1,347.0	1,337.5	1,333.6	1,337.0
Colorado	2,884.6	2,916.3	2,916.2	2,917.7	185.9	181.3	180.1	178.7	153.2	155.4	155.1	155.1
Connecticut	1,669.4	1,691.3	1,695.0	1,698.7	61.2	61.6	60.6	61.2	159.1	157.8	158.8	158.0
Delaware(2)	476.6	483.6	487.6	486.6	23.8	24.7	24.5	24.3	26.4	27.4	27.6	28.0
District of Columbia(2)	767.2	777.1	780.0	780.0	15.3	15.6	15.8	15.7	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Florida	9,545.6	9,776.8	9,795.6	9,824.0	607.1	612.6	612.9	615.4	418.1	424.8	422.1	422.9
Georgia	4,843.9	4,925.6	4,938.4	4,937.3	218.1	224.0	224.6	223.7	415.6	418.9	418.3	417.8
Hawaii(2)	627.3	632.1	633.0	633.9	38.2	37.9	38.1	37.6	12.7	12.7	12.8	12.9
Idaho	834.6	856.5	859.8	863.5	66.5	70.7	70.2	71.1	72.3	71.4	71.7	72.0
Illinois	6,080.6	6,149.5	6,160.9	6,145.9	232.8	236.0	236.0	236.7	574.9	565.2	568.2	562.9
Indiana	3,221.7	3,266.4	3,278.5	3,284.1	160.7	166.5	168.2	170.7	546.0	541.0	541.6	539.8
Iowa	1,582.0	1,585.7	1,584.2	1,585.1	82.2	81.0	82.5	81.9	225.0	226.9	226.7	227.6
Kansas	1,437.5	1,444.9	1,449.9	1,453.1	65.5	67.9	68.6	69.3	172.0	170.9	170.8	170.2
Kentucky	1,982.2	2,025.6	2,032.9	2,034.4	82.7	91.1	92.6	95.0	254.5	263.6	261.9	261.7
Louisiana	1,929.4	1,970.0	1,978.8	1,972.8	125.1	140.5	140.2	138.0	136.4	138.4	139.0	138.8
Maine	641.4	647.6	649.2	650.3	32.2	32.9	32.4	32.3	54.8	54.3	54.8	54.9
Maryland	2,715.3	2,753.3	2,770.3	2,759.2	160.4	167.1	167.3	165.6	111.3	109.4	109.2	108.1
Massachusetts	3,705.6	3,786.1	3,783.5	3,782.7	170.6	177.7	179.0	180.1	237.1	237.1	236.0	236.1
Michigan	4,380.0	4,442.8	4,429.1	4,420.5	183.2	192.3	191.3	189.6	603.9	607.3	606.1	597.4
Minnesota	2,959.9	2,986.8	2,994.3	3,001.3	133.1	139.1	138.6	139.8	325.4	322.7	323.4	321.7
Mississippi	1,172.1	1,168.1	1,174.1	1,172.5	45.8	47.0	47.1	46.3	147.9	145.2	145.9	148.4
Missouri	2,951.4	2,983.5	2,987.1	2,992.7	137.5	135.8	132.8	133.1	286.2	284.7	292.1	287.9
Montana	513.0	519.8	519.5	521.1	36.4	37.4	37.0	37.2	22.6	23.3	23.2	23.3
Nebraska	1,033.6	1,043.9	1,046.7	1,047.1	60.0	61.7	61.9	61.7	104.6	106.1	106.5	106.6
Nevada	1,519.1	1,556.6	1,565.8	1,571.3	109.6	113.2	113.3	113.7	66.5	69.0	69.6	70.2
New Hampshire	690.5	699.0	702.1	703.5	30.3	31.4	31.5	31.3	70.3	71.5	72.1	71.9
New Jersey	4,267.3	4,339.7	4,346.4	4,353.0	161.8	166.9	164.5	164.5	251.5	253.3	253.8	253.6
New Mexico	854.5	869.8	871.6	871.6	50.2	53.0	53.2	53.4	29.1	30.0	29.8	29.5
New York	9,597.4	9,717.4	9,739.5	9,716.8	392.7	396.8	396.6	395.0	427.2	421.4	421.8	421.4
North Carolina	4,841.8	4,938.3	4,946.1	4,938.4	249.6	248.4	247.7	245.6	477.2	474.4	473.3	471.2
North Dakota	431.6	436.8	439.0	439.0	27.0	24.9	24.8	24.7	27.5	27.6	27.4	27.5
Ohio	5,546.3	5,639.7	5,648.2	5,655.9	235.3	244.9	247.0	253.0	686.7	688.0	690.1	689.5
Oklahoma	1,712.7	1,732.9	1,735.7	1,735.6	80.3	82.6	83.0	83.2	134.4	136.6	135.8	135.5
Oregon	1,968.5	2,001.4	2,006.9	2,002.3	116.8	122.7	126.3	127.8	196.3	192.8	192.3	191.4
Pennsylvania	6,038.9	6,163.3	6,172.8	6,168.1	256.0	265.8	266.5	265.8	567.5	568.2	567.1	564.1
Rhode Island	497.5	494.2	495.7	495.0	21.2	21.7	22.3	21.3	40.2	40.1	40.1	40.2
South Carolina	2,264.8	2,304.9	2,307.9	2,314.0	110.1	111.7	111.4	110.9	262.1	261.4	260.7	261.8
South Dakota	456.0	463.3	466.1	466.5	26.2	27.3	27.6	27.9	45.3	46.1	45.9	45.9
Tennessee	3,277.5	3,320.5	3,323.7	3,317.6	150.0	152.3	152.8	149.9	369.1	370.5	370.2	369.0
Texas	13,656.7	13,988.0	14,049.5	14,048.2	793.5	813.4	812.4	810.5	942.1	965.3	973.9	973.3
Utah	1,692.6	1,728.5	1,727.2	1,732.2	134.0	134.7	135.6	136.0	151.3	151.3	151.7	151.8
Vermont	304.4	306.2	307.2	307.7	15.2	15.4	15.4	15.4	28.9	28.1	28.0	27.8
Virginia	4,106.1	4,157.8	4,164.5	4,164.5	212.6	214.0	210.8	212.6	246.6	245.3	244.9	245.6
Washington	3,567.8	3,637.6	3,642.5	3,650.4	238.0	237.7	235.9	235.4	271.2	276.5	275.9	277.0
West Virginia	696.1	705.5	706.5	706.2	31.9	33.3	33.0	32.9	46.1	45.5	45.4	45.0
Wisconsin	2,981.1	3,009.5	3,015.3	3,013.9	133.6	135.8	136.0	135.1	485.9	480.4	479.6	478.4
Wyoming	285.8	293.0	293.4	293.3	20.9	23.3	23.0	22.8	10.3	10.5	10.6	10.5
Puerto Rico	931.4	950.7	953.1	955.9	33.4	36.8	37.0	36.8	82.7	84.2	83.9	83.9
Virgin Islands(2)(3)	35.1	35.6	35.6	35.5	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, and other services (except public administration), not shown separately. (2) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (3) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Trade, transportation, and utilities				Financial activities				Professional and business services
	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
Alabama	405.0	410.1	410.4	410.9	102.6	102.7	104.0	101.6	263.6	268.5	265.7	265.2
Alaska	65.5	64.8	64.4	65.6	11.2	11.4	11.5	11.5	27.9	28.4	28.1	28.1
Arizona	603.5	602.4	604.4	606.9	248.6	252.9	252.5	249.9	468.2	475.5	473.8	470.6
Arkansas	274.9	271.9	271.4	270.7	71.4	70.7	70.2	70.6	152.6	153.5	153.3	151.5
California	3,147.8	3,146.5	3,153.4	3,160.3	844.0	848.2	847.1	846.8	2,901.7	2,895.4	2,886.7	2,889.2
Colorado	502.4	496.1	496.4	495.5	178.5	171.5	171.0	171.0	490.0	495.3	496.9	496.9
Connecticut	294.5	300.1	300.0	302.6	118.1	114.7	114.7	114.4	219.4	223.8	223.6	223.4
Delaware	91.0	90.7	89.9	89.2	49.6	50.0	50.2	50.0	66.5	66.6	68.7	68.4
District of Columbia	30.7	30.3	30.3	30.6	27.6	28.4	28.3	28.4	174.9	174.9	176.3	176.3
Florida	1,950.8	1,995.8	2,004.3	2,015.2	672.4	684.8	687.8	690.2	1,604.9	1,633.7	1,641.2	1,641.0
Georgia	1,029.7	1,025.5	1,024.1	1,022.7	279.0	284.0	284.6	283.1	777.4	769.4	772.7	774.8
Hawaii	115.8	116.8	115.8	115.7	28.2	27.0	26.9	26.8	71.2	71.7	72.0	72.2
Idaho	161.8	162.5	164.1	164.8	41.4	41.1	42.0	41.3	109.5	112.0	112.3	113.3
Illinois	1,226.9	1,222.5	1,225.4	1,223.6	404.2	415.6	415.4	412.5	973.4	966.3	963.2	956.5
Indiana	634.3	633.2	639.6	640.0	150.4	152.4	153.6	155.2	371.0	379.7	378.6	376.5
Iowa	313.1	311.1	310.8	309.4	108.3	107.0	106.3	106.3	145.8	139.5	137.7	139.1
Kansas	274.9	274.0	274.3	274.1	76.6	75.8	76.0	76.7	186.1	181.9	184.1	184.5
Kentucky	429.3	431.3	434.6	434.0	95.7	93.3	93.2	92.5	233.0	233.2	235.4	237.3
Louisiana	374.3	373.1	372.8	374.3	91.4	94.4	94.7	94.8	219.7	224.1	223.8	220.8
Maine	119.7	119.2	120.0	120.6	34.4	33.6	33.7	33.6	76.0	77.2	77.3	77.5
Maryland	473.7	471.2	471.7	473.2	134.9	133.1	133.6	132.7	474.5	475.2	481.1	478.0
Massachusetts	567.4	574.7	575.8	576.4	231.7	233.9	233.2	233.5	642.9	655.1	658.1	654.3
Michigan	808.1	812.5	813.2	814.9	231.1	228.5	228.6	227.8	658.0	661.7	658.9	652.4
Minnesota	525.6	533.9	536.0	536.9	193.0	188.5	187.6	186.0	392.1	384.8	381.9	383.8
Mississippi	245.2	242.6	244.7	244.0	44.4	43.4	44.0	44.5	118.7	112.7	113.2	112.1
Missouri	558.4	559.8	560.9	561.4	186.9	187.2	186.9	188.4	391.9	393.9	392.3	392.2
Montana	100.4	99.5	100.5	100.7	28.6	28.3	28.5	28.8	50.7	50.9	51.2	51.2
Nebraska	198.0	198.9	199.6	199.7	70.3	69.7	69.6	69.6	121.9	118.2	117.5	118.4
Nevada	293.8	295.7	296.1	296.0	76.1	76.0	76.5	76.4	216.3	224.5	227.9	227.2
New Hampshire	139.5	139.9	141.2	140.4	34.6	34.2	34.3	34.5	98.0	102.4	103.5	104.0
New Jersey	915.6	920.5	919.6	920.3	258.5	259.5	258.9	258.8	721.8	714.5	714.6	716.6
New Mexico	143.4	142.2	141.7	141.7	34.9	34.6	34.0	33.8	117.5	113.6	112.8	113.2
New York	1,485.9	1,464.0	1,458.8	1,459.6	736.9	740.7	737.1	735.7	1,374.1	1,379.5	1,386.7	1,375.0
North Carolina	926.8	936.6	940.1	940.6	294.5	297.8	297.3	296.9	744.6	759.7	764.4	759.5
North Dakota	90.8	91.8	92.2	92.3	24.4	24.1	24.0	24.3	35.0	35.5	35.8	35.9
Ohio	1,058.7	1,055.4	1,059.3	1,054.9	321.5	316.9	317.9	316.2	736.1	736.0	736.4	737.7
Oklahoma	323.0	322.8	322.5	322.3	81.2	82.5	81.4	81.6	203.5	201.3	201.4	201.1
Oregon	367.4	362.8	363.3	362.9	107.0	107.9	108.1	107.8	267.4	273.4	274.7	273.1
Pennsylvania	1,150.8	1,161.6	1,165.0	1,163.6	336.3	339.7	340.5	341.7	847.9	871.1	872.2	864.2
Rhode Island	77.6	75.9	75.2	75.0	35.5	35.2	35.2	35.2	68.6	67.2	66.6	67.0
South Carolina	436.4	444.5	444.6	445.9	118.3	121.3	120.5	121.4	314.1	313.1	314.4	316.8
South Dakota	90.3	92.5	93.0	92.3	28.1	27.7	28.1	27.9	36.6	38.5	39.0	39.3
Tennessee	681.5	681.7	682.4	682.3	176.5	175.8	175.1	175.1	469.2	471.3	469.6	470.0
Texas	2,746.3	2,785.3	2,799.0	2,804.3	891.7	923.4	926.5	925.2	2,105.8	2,126.4	2,143.3	2,144.8
Utah	314.2	312.7	312.9	313.6	98.2	98.8	97.8	97.4	248.6	251.2	249.5	250.9
Vermont	52.2	52.3	52.0	52.3	12.2	12.1	12.1	12.1	32.0	32.4	32.0	32.4
Virginia	666.2	667.7	668.4	671.3	218.0	217.3	217.7	216.7	811.3	814.8	816.8	814.2
Washington	616.0	618.0	618.8	621.4	165.2	171.0	171.1	169.3	552.7	554.7	560.4	560.8
West Virginia	121.8	122.0	121.4	121.0	25.7	26.1	25.7	25.8	72.3	72.1	73.1	73.4
Wisconsin	551.8	552.7	553.0	553.9	160.3	161.0	161.2	161.0	327.3	328.8	330.5	332.0
Wyoming	52.0	51.8	52.5	52.3	11.5	11.4	11.5	11.5	20.6	21.5	21.4	21.1
Puerto Rico	184.6	186.3	187.0	187.6	46.3	46.8	46.9	47.5	139.2	140.3	139.8	141.0
Virgin Islands(1)	6.7	6.9	7.0	6.9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Missing series (denoted by '-') are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Education and health services				Leisure and hospitality				Government
	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)	Oct. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023(p)
Alabama	249.8	257.2	259.0	258.7	202.1	205.1	204.1	204.0	393.0	400.5	400.3	400.6
Alaska	50.2	51.8	51.9	52.3	35.4	38.1	36.9	36.6	77.3	78.1	78.4	78.4
Arizona	489.8	503.8	508.5	512.9	337.5	346.5	347.5	345.5	411.4	427.9	428.7	429.8
Arkansas	201.6	208.9	209.2	208.5	124.7	133.4	132.4	130.8	209.2	209.8	210.0	210.6
California	2,988.9	3,111.5	3,128.1	3,141.3	1,980.1	2,054.8	2,065.0	2,070.1	2,547.0	2,585.6	2,585.0	2,587.4
Colorado	352.5	357.8	360.1	360.5	344.9	362.2	360.4	361.9	455.9	472.5	474.3	476.0
Connecticut	345.2	355.3	356.1	357.5	151.8	155.5	155.1	154.3	226.5	229.6	231.6	231.7
Delaware	79.2	80.7	81.2	81.6	50.3	53.0	54.5	54.1	67.1	69.1	69.5	69.9
District of Columbia	122.7	124.5	125.2	124.7	70.9	76.0	76.5	77.3	235.6	234.7	234.3	233.9
Florida	1,417.6	1,494.7	1,499.2	1,507.7	1,269.5	1,300.5	1,297.0	1,298.4	1,096.7	1,117.4	1,119.7	1,122.2
Georgia	640.7	666.8	671.6	674.6	495.9	526.3	528.8	530.7	682.1	699.1	699.8	698.8
Hawaii	87.0	87.8	88.3	89.3	118.0	119.5	119.3	119.1	121.2	122.5	124.0	124.5
Idaho	123.1	130.3	130.5	132.2	90.6	91.8	92.5	92.4	127.8	133.7	133.8	134.2
Illinois	941.6	975.8	979.4	976.5	574.6	597.3	598.3	599.8	798.8	819.4	822.8	827.0
Indiana	482.2	489.8	489.8	492.2	307.3	315.3	318.7	320.6	410.5	423.7	423.6	425.8
Iowa	232.4	238.2	238.3	238.4	139.7	142.6	141.6	141.9	258.3	261.0	261.0	262.2
Kansas	203.7	209.5	209.6	210.2	132.5	132.6	133.0	133.1	251.4	257.1	257.9	258.7
Kentucky	291.0	304.8	306.2	307.0	198.1	201.3	202.1	200.5	300.3	307.2	306.9	306.6
Louisiana	327.4	336.7	342.8	339.9	218.0	217.2	218.1	218.5	312.1	317.8	318.8	319.4
Maine	126.7	130.0	131.3	131.3	65.3	67.2	66.5	66.7	100.3	100.9	101.0	101.3
Maryland	450.7	461.6	467.3	465.6	252.6	257.6	259.9	258.6	514.5	532.0	533.4	530.6
Massachusetts	813.5	839.5	842.7	846.4	350.4	360.6	360.9	359.7	456.4	469.7	460.6	458.2
Michigan	664.4	682.6	678.6	685.0	407.5	417.2	411.5	410.9	596.7	615.1	615.9	616.6
Minnesota	553.1	569.3	574.6	577.8	265.4	267.8	270.7	272.3	412.1	420.0	421.9	423.3
Mississippi	146.9	154.9	156.2	155.4	133.8	132.8	132.4	131.7	233.6	234.8	234.8	234.8
Missouri	491.2	504.8	505.6	508.4	303.4	312.7	311.2	314.8	426.7	433.4	434.2	435.0
Montana	81.8	84.5	83.8	84.0	70.8	73.0	72.4	73.9	89.6	90.3	90.1	89.4
Nebraska	158.0	161.5	162.8	162.1	93.5	95.9	96.1	96.9	170.6	172.8	173.6	173.5
Nevada	161.5	169.5	169.8	169.9	349.8	361.3	361.7	363.3	169.3	171.1	176.7	177.8
New Hampshire	123.5	126.4	125.5	126.7	70.8	69.0	70.1	70.6	85.9	87.3	87.1	87.3
New Jersey	745.5	783.6	790.9	791.0	385.8	397.4	398.4	400.2	581.3	594.1	596.9	598.1
New Mexico	142.5	147.2	147.6	147.7	95.3	100.4	102.2	100.9	179.7	185.8	187.1	188.3
New York	2,148.7	2,259.1	2,273.2	2,271.8	894.5	924.8	920.7	929.4	1,448.9	1,463.1	1,477.2	1,464.8
North Carolina	659.9	686.9	691.9	692.6	510.8	536.8	534.0	536.4	717.2	733.8	732.3	730.9
North Dakota	68.2	68.4	69.0	68.7	38.8	40.7	40.9	40.8	82.7	83.5	84.4	84.2
Ohio	909.9	945.5	950.4	956.7	546.2	578.1	576.5	574.1	764.7	778.0	775.8	777.7
Oklahoma	246.1	250.7	250.6	249.7	177.8	182.6	183.0	182.7	350.2	357.6	361.9	362.9
Oregon	305.7	316.7	316.7	315.9	203.2	209.5	209.2	207.7	298.8	307.3	307.4	307.7
Pennsylvania	1,284.1	1,321.8	1,329.9	1,332.2	545.2	570.1	565.3	567.4	681.9	688.3	687.0	687.6
Rhode Island	105.1	107.4	108.3	107.5	56.9	55.5	56.2	57.0	64.2	64.8	64.7	64.9
South Carolina	270.0	282.4	284.5	284.3	267.3	275.4	275.8	277.3	368.3	375.6	376.5	376.6
South Dakota	76.4	77.7	78.2	78.5	48.9	47.7	48.5	48.8	80.0	81.4	81.5	81.6
Tennessee	455.7	469.8	472.0	472.4	352.6	359.0	359.8	355.5	437.0	449.3	450.3	452.3
Texas	1,829.1	1,898.1	1,914.3	1,914.4	1,433.9	1,472.3	1,474.7	1,469.7	2,016.2	2,064.0	2,068.2	2,068.3
Utah	225.7	234.5	233.7	234.9	165.4	177.2	175.7	177.0	256.0	262.5	263.6	264.0
Vermont	62.1	61.3	61.8	62.2	33.0	33.9	34.4	34.2	53.6	56.0	56.6	56.4
Virginia	564.0	579.7	582.5	584.3	396.5	406.5	406.3	405.0	721.1	739.2	745.2	741.5
Washington	519.7	547.3	551.9	555.6	336.1	350.9	349.4	349.4	571.9	582.4	584.0	587.1
West Virginia	128.6	130.8	131.0	131.5	69.0	69.5	69.2	68.8	148.4	150.2	151.5	151.9
Wisconsin	459.6	474.9	475.3	476.2	267.7	275.9	276.7	273.7	398.0	401.5	404.9	406.3
Wyoming	29.0	30.5	30.3	30.8	38.2	38.4	39.4	39.7	67.4	68.1	68.2	68.5
Puerto Rico	122.2	125.8	125.6	125.6	88.2	94.4	95.3	95.5	198.7	199.4	200.8	201.1
Virgin Islands	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.5	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.2	11.0	11.1	11.0	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted [In thousands]

State	Total				Mining and logging				Construction
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	2,121.9	2,157.7	2,138.7	2,163.4	9.2	8.4	9.2	8.4	100.0	102.3	99.9	102.1
Alaska	329.4	335.2	318.3	324.8	11.2	10.8	11.0	10.9	17.9	18.0	17.4	17.6
Arizona	3,108.3	3,174.1	3,140.2	3,191.3	12.9	14.1	13.0	14.3	197.3	201.5	197.6	201.5
Arkansas	1,347.2	1,366.7	1,358.7	1,370.4	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.0	59.8	66.0	59.4	67.3
California	17,742.9	18,078.3	17,993.3	18,277.2	20.2	20.1	20.1	20.1	925.6	943.8	932.4	954.8
Colorado	2,868.8	2,914.8	2,891.4	2,922.9	20.9	22.4	21.3	22.4	186.7	182.9	189.0	181.2
Connecticut	1,676.9	1,702.9	1,687.9	1,718.1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	62.8	62.5	63.6	63.9
Delaware(1)	475.7	488.7	479.7	489.8	-	-	-	-	23.7	24.9	24.1	24.5
District of Columbia(1)	767.6	781.0	772.8	785.3	-	-	-	-	15.5	15.9	15.5	15.8
Florida	9,480.7	9,755.3	9,580.9	9,858.7	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.8	607.9	614.9	609.4	617.9
Georgia	4,825.7	4,926.2	4,862.7	4,954.3	9.7	10.0	9.8	10.1	215.5	224.1	218.8	224.5
Hawaii(1)	621.2	629.9	628.2	634.5	-	-	-	-	37.5	38.3	38.1	37.6
Idaho	837.9	863.0	838.5	868.0	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	68.8	71.6	67.7	72.4
Illinois	6,089.5	6,192.3	6,141.7	6,205.9	7.2	7.0	7.1	7.1	245.2	250.2	245.6	250.0
Indiana	3,221.0	3,287.6	3,247.6	3,311.4	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.8	162.6	170.8	163.7	173.4
Iowa	1,574.8	1,587.4	1,600.0	1,602.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	85.6	87.2	87.3	86.8
Kansas	1,426.5	1,451.5	1,449.0	1,466.1	6.3	6.4	6.3	6.5	66.2	69.0	65.9	69.9
Kentucky	1,985.6	2,038.2	1,991.9	2,044.3	8.4	8.8	8.5	8.8	86.0	96.0	85.0	97.8
Louisiana	1,927.1	1,975.9	1,942.8	1,985.7	31.7	33.2	31.6	33.2	129.7	140.1	127.9	140.0
Maine	650.4	660.0	648.3	658.0	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	33.6	33.8	33.7	33.6
Maryland	2,726.2	2,774.0	2,731.2	2,777.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	162.8	169.3	162.3	167.3
Massachusetts	3,701.6	3,790.2	3,736.5	3,815.2	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	174.9	183.4	174.8	185.0
Michigan	4,396.3	4,450.5	4,425.9	4,462.5	7.5	7.8	7.5	7.8	193.4	199.0	192.5	197.8
Minnesota	2,955.6	3,004.8	2,991.5	3,034.1	6.5	6.7	6.4	6.7	144.3	150.6	143.6	150.5
Mississippi	1,172.6	1,174.5	1,179.4	1,178.9	6.1	6.0	6.0	6.0	45.7	47.6	46.4	46.7
Missouri	2,947.5	2,989.3	2,970.7	3,011.5	4.5	4.8	4.5	4.7	142.1	136.2	141.1	135.8
Montana	518.2	523.5	514.4	522.6	6.9	7.0	6.8	7.0	38.5	38.5	38.7	39.2
Nebraska	1,031.5	1,046.7	1,040.4	1,053.6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	60.0	62.6	61.1	62.8
Nevada	1,514.5	1,570.1	1,530.2	1,583.2	15.2	15.2	15.1	15.2	110.3	114.2	110.8	114.4
New Hampshire	693.5	704.4	694.4	708.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	31.1	32.3	30.8	31.7
New Jersey	4,277.0	4,354.5	4,290.9	4,373.9	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	168.1	169.2	166.9	169.3
New Mexico	856.3	871.9	860.4	877.1	21.9	24.6	22.2	24.3	49.8	53.0	50.6	53.9
New York	9,557.2	9,720.1	9,676.1	9,789.3	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.5	400.0	406.7	403.3	405.1
North Carolina	4,829.8	4,940.8	4,877.1	4,971.5	5.5	5.6	5.6	5.6	249.6	249.3	252.2	248.0
North Dakota	434.6	443.5	436.7	444.9	17.3	19.8	17.3	20.0	29.2	27.3	28.9	26.6
Ohio	5,550.4	5,662.1	5,585.9	5,696.0	8.9	9.7	8.9	9.6	242.1	254.9	242.7	260.7
Oklahoma	1,718.2	1,739.6	1,722.0	1,743.7	31.3	31.7	30.9	32.1	80.1	84.0	80.6	83.3
Oregon	1,962.2	2,008.4	1,979.4	2,012.1	6.5	6.6	6.4	6.6	119.4	129.3	119.2	130.5
Pennsylvania	6,036.2	6,184.9	6,084.6	6,216.0	23.0	23.6	23.3	23.4	267.1	275.3	263.7	273.2
Rhode Island	502.7	501.0	502.8	500.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	21.7	23.0	22.0	22.0
South Carolina	2,262.7	2,307.7	2,273.5	2,322.6	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.6	109.7	110.4	110.0	110.7
South Dakota	458.5	469.6	458.6	469.5	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	27.8	29.3	27.3	29.2
Tennessee	3,284.4	3,333.0	3,299.1	3,336.6	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.3	150.8	154.0	151.5	150.9
Texas	13,583.2	14,010.3	13,730.2	14,124.6	206.2	225.4	208.5	227.2	796.1	815.2	803.1	819.3
Utah	1,694.9	1,730.9	1,704.2	1,742.4	10.2	10.4	10.4	10.4	134.3	137.5	136.4	138.4
Vermont	304.1	308.1	308.1	310.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	16.1	16.5	16.3	16.4
Virginia	4,105.1	4,159.4	4,127.5	4,185.1	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.1	212.8	212.7	214.4	214.7
Washington	3,570.4	3,648.8	3,577.8	3,659.7	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.8	241.8	240.4	241.6	238.4
West Virginia	698.6	709.7	704.3	714.5	20.2	22.2	20.5	22.1	33.0	34.2	34.0	35.3
Wisconsin	2,992.7	3,029.0	3,004.2	3,035.4	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.9	138.5	142.1	140.0	141.4
Wyoming	290.8	298.7	287.2	295.1	16.7	16.9	16.7	16.6	22.4	24.4	21.9	23.7
Puerto Rico	927.6	950.9	933.8	958.4	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.7	33.0	36.9	33.5	36.7
Virgin Islands(1)	34.7	35.4	35.0	35.4	-	-	-	-	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
Footnotes (1) Mining and logging is combined with construction. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Manufacturing				Trade, transportation, and utilities				Information
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	276.4	276.5	277.6	276.0	401.7	409.3	405.0	410.9	22.9	23.1	23.2	23.3
Alaska	11.9	12.9	9.2	9.6	66.3	65.8	64.5	64.8	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.9
Arizona	195.0	194.8	195.7	194.6	596.8	598.4	604.4	607.9	51.0	48.1	51.2	48.3
Arkansas	163.8	162.3	164.6	161.8	270.6	268.8	275.9	270.8	12.8	11.3	13.0	11.7
California	1,353.6	1,342.9	1,354.8	1,343.7	3,120.8	3,138.2	3,161.1	3,175.7	606.2	571.9	609.4	574.9
Colorado	153.2	155.2	153.4	155.0	493.8	490.2	500.4	493.6	77.7	76.5	77.3	77.1
Connecticut	157.8	158.3	159.1	158.0	295.3	299.4	296.0	305.1	31.1	31.7	31.3	32.2
Delaware	26.4	27.6	26.3	28.0	90.3	89.3	91.2	89.1	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.5
District of Columbia	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	30.5	30.1	30.7	30.7	20.8	21.3	21.0	21.3
Florida	412.7	419.6	417.6	422.4	1,920.8	1,978.8	1,946.3	2,013.2	157.0	154.1	157.6	153.2
Georgia	418.2	417.8	415.3	417.0	1,025.4	1,016.6	1,031.0	1,023.5	125.9	127.7	129.3	128.1
Hawaii	12.7	12.9	12.8	13.0	115.1	114.9	115.9	115.6	8.5	9.0	8.7	9.0
Idaho	74.1	71.9	72.7	72.4	161.3	163.8	161.7	164.7	9.3	9.8	9.4	9.8
Illinois	572.1	566.9	574.4	562.1	1,215.5	1,220.4	1,230.8	1,227.4	95.6	91.4	96.1	90.0
Indiana	542.1	539.9	545.0	539.0	626.5	634.7	637.0	643.6	26.7	26.2	27.3	26.0
Iowa	224.5	226.2	224.7	227.2	308.9	307.9	314.5	310.1	19.0	19.8	18.5	19.1
Kansas	170.2	170.8	171.9	170.1	271.9	273.4	276.1	274.9	18.2	18.5	18.0	18.9
Kentucky	254.3	261.9	254.6	261.4	423.8	431.0	428.2	433.7	21.7	22.1	22.0	22.0
Louisiana	135.3	138.5	136.9	139.2	373.4	370.3	373.9	374.3	22.0	23.5	22.9	23.3
Maine	54.9	54.8	55.1	55.3	119.3	120.3	120.5	121.6	7.8	7.7	7.9	7.7
Maryland	110.2	109.1	111.7	108.6	474.1	467.9	474.6	474.0	35.3	34.6	35.8	34.2
Massachusetts	238.4	235.8	237.6	236.3	561.7	571.4	566.6	577.0	98.0	97.3	99.0	97.0
Michigan	604.3	607.3	604.3	597.7	800.9	807.3	807.0	814.3	56.5	56.8	57.5	57.6
Minnesota	326.1	324.7	328.5	324.2	522.7	534.6	529.1	540.5	45.3	45.5	46.4	45.1
Mississippi	147.5	145.1	147.2	147.9	244.6	243.4	245.4	244.0	10.3	10.2	10.3	10.1
Missouri	285.0	291.1	285.7	286.8	554.1	556.6	558.7	561.9	49.1	46.8	49.7	47.0
Montana	22.2	23.2	22.8	23.6	99.8	100.1	100.2	100.4	5.9	5.4	5.8	5.4
Nebraska	104.1	106.4	104.5	106.4	194.2	197.4	197.7	199.5	18.0	18.3	18.1	18.5
Nevada	66.7	69.8	66.6	70.3	291.7	294.7	295.2	297.5	18.6	18.4	18.6	18.6
New Hampshire	70.4	72.1	70.4	72.1	138.0	139.8	139.2	139.9	11.8	11.4	11.8	11.3
New Jersey	251.7	254.3	250.9	253.0	908.9	914.4	920.2	923.0	77.0	78.7	76.5	78.2
New Mexico	29.5	30.2	29.6	29.9	142.4	141.2	144.2	142.5	11.2	10.2	11.2	10.2
New York	424.9	422.5	428.4	422.6	1,479.5	1,451.6	1,491.8	1,465.4	296.4	269.2	298.2	268.0
North Carolina	475.1	471.9	477.8	471.2	917.9	934.0	925.9	940.9	82.9	84.8	83.0	84.3
North Dakota	27.7	27.7	27.8	27.8	90.6	91.7	91.1	92.7	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ohio	682.9	686.6	685.7	688.5	1,049.6	1,051.6	1,060.9	1,056.5	69.6	67.6	68.4	67.3
Oklahoma	134.4	135.7	134.5	135.5	321.2	320.7	323.8	322.4	17.8	17.3	17.9	17.3
Oregon	196.3	193.6	197.0	192.0	366.5	361.7	369.1	364.1	36.8	36.9	37.1	36.1
Pennsylvania	565.3	566.6	567.1	563.6	1,135.8	1,158.1	1,154.2	1,166.1	94.3	96.7	94.0	97.3
Rhode Island	40.5	40.1	40.1	40.2	77.2	74.8	77.4	74.6	5.7	5.5	5.9	5.6
South Carolina	262.8	260.8	262.2	261.8	432.7	441.9	435.4	444.8	30.9	31.4	31.3	31.6
South Dakota	45.0	45.6	45.2	45.9	89.0	92.1	90.1	91.8	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.2
Tennessee	368.6	369.3	369.6	369.4	674.7	677.7	679.6	680.5	55.5	55.8	55.7	55.5
Texas	936.6	972.9	940.3	972.1	2,718.3	2,777.8	2,750.6	2,810.4	233.9	238.6	233.9	240.1
Utah	151.9	151.5	151.3	151.4	312.4	310.4	314.7	313.7	45.4	48.1	44.5	47.8
Vermont	29.1	28.1	29.1	28.1	51.0	51.1	51.9	51.9	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Virginia	245.7	245.5	246.7	245.9	662.3	662.2	666.5	671.9	70.2	71.1	70.6	71.0
Washington	274.2	278.9	272.6	277.9	614.1	617.6	617.6	622.8	175.0	168.3	170.1	164.0
West Virginia	46.3	45.4	46.2	45.2	121.8	120.9	122.8	121.6	7.7	7.8	7.7	7.7
Wisconsin	482.8	477.5	484.5	476.8	547.9	551.1	553.4	554.9	47.0	43.7	46.7	43.4
Wyoming	10.3	10.7	10.4	10.6	52.3	52.4	51.8	52.2	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1
Puerto Rico	82.9	83.8	82.9	84.0	181.7	185.1	183.7	187.3	16.5	16.8	16.5	16.8
Virgin Islands	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	6.7	6.9	6.7	6.9	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Financial activities				Professional and business services				Education and health services
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	102.1	104.7	103.6	102.5	264.9	266.6	269.5	269.9	251.2	260.4	252.6	261.3
Alaska	11.2	11.4	11.0	11.3	28.0	28.7	27.5	27.6	49.9	51.6	50.0	52.2
Arizona	247.7	253.0	249.9	250.7	471.8	475.1	474.4	475.7	487.7	510.1	492.2	516.3
Arkansas	71.2	70.4	71.7	70.9	154.3	153.2	154.4	152.8	202.1	210.2	203.4	210.3
California	835.4	842.0	847.9	849.7	2,888.0	2,884.7	2,928.3	2,914.1	2,948.8	3,111.8	3,007.8	3,160.8
Colorado	176.8	170.1	178.5	170.8	488.7	499.6	493.8	500.1	350.7	359.7	354.8	363.3
Connecticut	118.0	114.4	118.3	114.6	222.2	225.0	221.5	225.3	345.4	356.7	349.9	362.1
Delaware	49.1	50.0	49.7	50.0	66.8	68.2	67.5	69.7	78.9	81.4	79.9	82.5
District of Columbia	27.8	28.3	27.8	28.5	175.3	176.2	175.8	177.3	123.0	125.8	125.3	127.3
Florida	669.6	688.3	676.2	695.3	1,599.0	1,636.9	1,612.8	1,649.4	1,413.5	1,501.1	1,430.7	1,521.7
Georgia	275.3	283.1	279.9	284.3	780.1	773.9	782.8	779.6	636.1	667.9	645.6	679.8
Hawaii	27.8	26.9	28.4	26.9	71.3	72.0	71.2	72.3	86.4	88.6	87.4	89.8
Idaho	41.0	41.7	41.3	41.3	109.2	112.6	109.9	114.1	122.3	130.1	123.4	132.5
Illinois	403.9	415.6	406.4	415.0	983.3	972.9	992.8	973.5	937.1	976.6	950.0	984.5
Indiana	148.4	153.2	150.6	155.7	374.1	380.9	377.9	382.1	479.3	490.4	485.8	496.6
Iowa	107.6	105.5	108.5	106.3	145.8	137.3	147.8	140.9	225.8	238.2	235.7	241.9
Kansas	75.5	75.9	77.0	77.2	182.3	183.4	187.7	186.4	200.9	208.2	204.5	211.4
Kentucky	96.8	93.5	96.0	92.5	231.1	234.3	233.2	237.5	292.3	307.0	292.6	308.6
Louisiana	90.4	94.5	91.5	95.0	220.7	224.1	223.8	224.3	326.6	341.3	330.3	342.8
Maine	34.1	33.6	34.4	33.6	76.4	77.9	76.8	78.3	126.9	131.8	128.0	132.8
Maryland	134.4	134.4	135.7	133.4	479.3	483.0	478.0	482.4	448.0	465.6	453.6	469.7
Massachusetts	227.5	232.9	231.2	233.0	637.9	657.7	649.3	659.4	811.3	841.6	822.5	855.8
Michigan	231.6	228.9	231.1	227.8	657.6	658.0	666.3	658.8	661.3	677.7	669.4	689.7
Minnesota	191.5	187.3	193.1	185.7	391.2	382.7	397.9	389.5	551.9	573.7	557.0	582.3
Mississippi	44.2	44.0	44.5	44.6	118.5	112.7	120.8	113.9	146.1	156.9	149.1	157.7
Missouri	185.7	186.9	186.7	188.4	387.0	390.7	394.3	394.3	490.8	505.1	497.5	515.6
Montana	28.3	28.3	28.7	29.0	50.7	51.4	51.2	51.8	81.4	83.5	81.7	83.9
Nebraska	71.1	69.5	70.5	69.7	123.2	117.8	122.3	118.7	157.3	162.1	158.9	163.0
Nevada	76.6	76.5	76.4	76.9	215.6	228.6	220.7	231.4	160.0	170.2	162.8	171.1
New Hampshire	34.4	34.3	34.9	34.9	97.5	103.1	98.5	104.4	123.4	124.8	124.5	127.9
New Jersey	261.5	258.9	258.0	258.1	727.9	720.6	730.4	724.2	737.3	786.6	748.7	794.4
New Mexico	34.7	33.9	35.2	34.0	117.7	112.3	118.4	113.6	142.7	147.9	143.8	149.1
New York	736.1	736.5	737.2	735.6	1,380.1	1,385.5	1,385.7	1,381.7	2,129.2	2,255.5	2,175.7	2,300.3
North Carolina	296.1	297.8	296.4	298.6	742.9	766.0	756.0	769.6	657.4	688.0	664.6	697.1
North Dakota	24.5	23.9	24.3	24.2	35.1	36.2	35.1	36.1	67.9	68.9	68.3	68.9
Ohio	318.4	316.5	321.2	315.6	748.4	741.6	746.9	747.9	908.0	952.4	917.5	966.8
Oklahoma	81.3	80.8	81.4	81.7	208.1	203.4	205.9	203.5	245.7	251.4	247.9	251.5
Oregon	105.7	108.4	107.5	108.0	266.7	275.5	269.2	274.8	305.4	317.1	306.8	316.6
Pennsylvania	335.6	341.1	336.6	342.0	849.1	873.8	857.3	871.9	1,276.6	1,328.6	1,300.4	1,353.6
Rhode Island	35.3	35.5	35.8	35.6	70.1	67.4	70.6	68.8	105.3	108.2	106.5	108.9
South Carolina	118.8	120.7	119.1	122.1	311.2	314.8	316.5	319.9	270.0	284.9	272.3	286.5
South Dakota	28.0	27.9	28.0	27.8	37.3	39.5	37.0	39.8	75.9	78.2	76.5	78.8
Tennessee	177.5	175.5	176.9	175.4	470.1	469.6	473.3	473.5	458.1	476.2	459.5	476.2
Texas	890.0	924.8	893.6	926.5	2,102.4	2,141.3	2,129.5	2,170.5	1,822.9	1,914.6	1,840.5	1,926.1
Utah	97.0	97.9	98.4	97.4	250.2	250.7	251.2	253.3	225.9	233.8	228.5	237.2
Vermont	12.0	12.1	12.2	12.1	32.2	32.1	32.7	33.1	61.7	61.6	62.8	62.9
Virginia	217.8	218.0	218.1	216.9	808.1	814.6	816.5	819.5	562.1	583.1	569.2	589.9
Washington	166.6	171.5	165.9	170.1	553.3	564.9	554.6	562.7	517.8	550.2	521.3	557.8
West Virginia	25.5	25.7	25.7	25.8	72.2	73.3	73.0	74.2	128.6	131.5	129.5	132.5
Wisconsin	158.7	160.6	159.7	160.2	330.2	332.7	331.8	337.0	461.3	475.4	461.8	478.4
Wyoming	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	21.0	21.7	20.9	21.3	28.9	30.2	29.1	30.9
Puerto Rico	46.5	47.2	46.4	47.7	139.8	140.0	140.8	142.0	122.2	125.4	123.2	126.5
Virgin Islands	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry sector, not seasonally adjusted-Continued [In thousands]

State	Leisure and hospitality				Other services				Government
	September		October		September		October		September		October
	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)	2022	2023	2022	2023(p)
Alabama	198.9	202.5	200.1	201.9	100.2	102.3	100.7	102.4	394.4	401.6	397.3	404.7
Alaska	38.4	40.1	33.4	34.6	11.2	11.4	10.9	11.6	78.6	79.6	78.7	79.7
Arizona	332.9	345.6	339.9	346.3	95.9	95.9	99.3	95.7	419.3	437.5	422.6	440.0
Arkansas	125.1	133.1	125.3	131.2	71.7	74.2	73.3	74.4	210.6	212.2	212.6	214.2
California	1,959.8	2,072.8	1,987.8	2,078.5	568.9	590.1	573.8	595.0	2,515.6	2,560.0	2,569.9	2,609.9
Colorado	339.4	356.8	335.2	351.8	122.4	123.3	123.4	122.7	458.5	478.1	464.3	484.9
Connecticut	152.9	157.9	153.9	155.9	61.4	61.8	61.2	62.6	229.5	234.7	232.6	237.9
Delaware	50.8	56.1	49.9	53.8	18.5	17.7	19.1	17.6	67.5	69.9	68.3	71.1
District of Columbia	71.6	77.3	72.5	78.5	66.7	71.3	67.7	71.2	235.4	233.8	235.5	233.7
Florida	1,243.2	1,273.4	1,261.8	1,286.2	343.3	350.0	346.4	352.2	1,108.0	1,132.4	1,116.4	1,141.4
Georgia	491.4	526.8	493.9	528.0	165.0	174.8	167.5	173.7	683.1	703.5	688.8	705.7
Hawaii	114.8	117.4	117.5	118.4	26.5	27.1	26.3	26.7	120.6	122.8	121.9	125.2
Idaho	90.9	94.0	89.7	91.5	27.9	28.9	28.0	28.2	128.8	134.3	130.4	136.8
Illinois	580.2	606.2	576.7	600.7	248.2	252.9	249.7	252.9	801.2	832.2	812.1	842.7
Indiana	308.0	320.8	307.4	321.2	127.2	132.2	125.8	131.0	420.3	432.6	421.2	437.0
Iowa	139.4	143.5	139.8	142.2	55.6	56.7	56.1	56.6	260.3	262.7	264.7	268.9
Kansas	130.4	134.0	133.4	134.1	50.5	50.6	50.5	51.0	254.1	261.3	257.7	265.7
Kentucky	200.2	203.0	198.2	200.6	66.8	69.4	67.2	68.9	304.2	311.2	306.4	312.5
Louisiana	213.7	218.0	217.7	218.6	71.4	71.8	70.9	72.1	312.2	320.6	315.4	322.9
Maine	71.9	73.3	65.2	67.0	22.1	22.2	22.1	22.1	101.2	102.4	102.5	103.8
Maryland	255.0	264.2	250.6	257.3	107.3	111.0	105.2	111.0	518.5	533.5	522.3	538.1
Massachusetts	357.5	370.5	354.2	362.9	134.0	136.6	134.5	139.4	459.4	461.9	465.8	468.4
Michigan	414.9	420.3	412.9	414.5	164.6	161.6	162.8	161.6	603.7	625.8	614.6	634.9
Minnesota	263.8	275.4	263.4	270.7	107.2	107.0	107.4	108.0	405.1	416.6	418.7	430.9
Mississippi	134.4	132.1	133.8	131.1	39.1	39.4	39.6	39.4	236.1	237.1	236.3	237.5
Missouri	306.0	314.0	303.5	314.5	114.2	119.1	115.2	120.1	429.0	438.0	433.8	442.4
Montana	73.5	74.9	67.5	70.9	19.6	20.6	19.6	20.3	91.4	90.6	91.4	91.1
Nebraska	94.6	97.3	94.7	98.0	37.1	39.7	37.6	39.1	170.9	174.6	174.0	176.9
Nevada	346.5	363.6	350.2	364.4	43.7	41.0	42.7	43.2	169.6	177.9	171.1	180.2
New Hampshire	73.2	72.3	70.4	70.4	24.6	24.5	24.5	24.3	88.1	88.8	88.4	90.1
New Jersey	395.2	408.5	378.7	393.2	165.9	167.9	167.4	170.3	581.8	593.6	591.5	608.4
New Mexico	96.5	101.6	94.2	99.5	28.3	28.3	28.6	28.8	181.6	188.7	182.4	191.3
New York	900.7	937.3	904.8	939.8	383.3	391.4	387.8	392.0	1,421.3	1,458.3	1,457.5	1,473.3
North Carolina	507.4	534.8	510.6	535.4	169.0	172.8	171.9	174.6	726.0	735.8	733.1	746.2
North Dakota	39.9	41.9	39.3	41.3	14.9	15.3	14.6	15.4	81.8	85.2	84.3	86.4
Ohio	550.0	585.6	545.8	573.3	206.5	216.6	210.5	219.7	766.0	779.0	777.4	790.1
Oklahoma	178.0	183.6	177.1	181.2	67.6	66.9	67.2	67.1	352.7	364.1	354.8	368.1
Oregon	204.7	212.5	202.2	206.8	62.4	65.8	62.4	65.3	291.8	301.0	302.5	311.3
Pennsylvania	550.8	572.0	545.2	567.2	251.4	257.6	250.2	259.8	687.2	691.5	692.6	697.9
Rhode Island	60.5	59.7	57.2	57.4	21.5	21.3	22.1	21.1	64.7	65.3	65.0	65.7
South Carolina	269.1	277.0	266.4	276.3	82.5	83.5	82.5	82.8	370.5	377.7	373.3	381.5
South Dakota	50.3	50.2	48.6	48.5	17.8	18.1	17.9	18.2	80.9	82.4	81.5	83.1
Tennessee	353.2	361.7	353.8	355.5	126.7	131.4	126.2	131.4	444.7	457.4	448.5	464.0
Texas	1,426.5	1,471.5	1,433.0	1,467.0	453.1	473.0	459.6	473.2	1,997.2	2,055.2	2,037.6	2,092.2
Utah	165.5	176.0	163.7	175.2	43.9	48.3	44.5	48.7	258.2	266.3	260.6	268.9
Vermont	32.3	34.4	32.0	33.0	9.9	9.6	9.9	9.6	54.4	57.3	55.8	58.4
Virginia	401.3	405.9	394.9	401.9	191.0	192.4	191.9	195.0	726.6	746.8	731.5	751.3
Washington	337.5	354.2	331.7	344.8	120.9	123.7	121.5	124.0	563.4	573.3	575.2	591.4
West Virginia	70.1	70.2	70.0	69.6	23.7	25.9	24.2	26.1	149.5	152.6	150.7	154.4
Wisconsin	276.0	283.9	267.4	272.5	146.6	150.4	146.6	149.7	399.9	407.7	408.5	417.2
Wyoming	40.3	41.9	37.3	39.1	16.1	17.0	16.0	16.3	68.2	69.0	68.5	69.8
Puerto Rico	87.6	95.1	88.4	95.7	18.7	19.3	18.8	19.3	198.1	200.6	199.0	201.7
Virgin Islands	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	10.7	10.9	11.0	10.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Estimates are currently estimated from 2022 benchmark levels. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmarks are preliminary and will be revised when new information becomes available.