Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 19-0730
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, May 2, 2019
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 Productivity@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
First Quarter 2019, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 3.6 percent in the first quarter of 2019, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output increased 4.1 percent and hours worked increased
0.5 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the
first quarter of 2018 to the first quarter of 2019, productivity increased 2.4 percent, reflecting a 3.9-
percent increase in output and a 1.5-percent increase in hours worked. (See table A1.) The four-quarter
increase in productivity is the largest since a 2.7-percent gain in the third quarter of 2010.
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of
hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector decreased 0.9 percent in the first quarter of 2019, and
increased 0.1 percent over the last four quarters--the lowest four-quarter rate since a 1.7-percent decline
in the fourth quarter of 2013. (See table 2, and appendix table 2.)
BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in
hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs, and increases in output per hour tend to reduce
them.
Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 1.7 percent in the first quarter of 2019, as output
decreased 1.0 percent and hours worked decreased 2.6 percent. Productivity increased 1.4 percent in the
durable manufacturing sector and 2.1 percent in the nondurable manufacturing sector in the first quarter
of 2019. Over the last four quarters, total manufacturing sector productivity increased 1.2 percent, as
output increased 1.8 percent and hours worked increased 0.7 percent. Unit labor costs in manufacturing
increased 0.8 percent in the first quarter of 2019 and decreased 0.1 percent from the same quarter a year
ago. (See tables A1 and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Preliminary fourth-quarter and annual 2018 measures were announced today for the nonfinancial
corporate sector. Productivity increased 3.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018 and increased 2.6
percent over the last four quarters. Annual average productivity increased 2.1 percent from 2017 to
2018. The historical average annual rate of productivity growth in the nonfinancial corporate sector
between 1947 and 2018 is 2.2 percent. (See tables A2, C1, and 6.)
Revised measures
Hours and related measures--including labor productivity--for all sectors were revised to incorporate
updated ratios of hours worked to hours paid by detailed industry, provided by the BLS National
Compensation Survey. Percent changes were affected back to 2014 but revisions were small. Measures of
real hourly compensation for all sectors also were revised from 2014 forward due to incorporation of the
revised Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods.
Manufacturing output and all related measures--including labor productivity--were revised historically to
incorporate revised data from two sources: BLS annual measures of sectoral output from 1987 to 2016,
and monthly Indexes of Industrial Production from January 1972 to February 2019, published by the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on March 27, 2019.
Table B1 presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for the business, nonfarm
business, and manufacturing sectors for the fourth quarter of 2018.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, nonfarm business sector productivity increased 1.3 percent, rather than
1.9 percent as reported March 7, reflecting both a downward revision to output and a slight upward
revision to hours. Unit labor costs were revised up to an increase of 2.5 percent. Total manufacturing
sector productivity increased 1.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018, a smaller increase than previously
reported. Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector increased 3.2 percent during the fourth quarter,
higher than previously reported. Labor productivity was revised down in the durable manufacturing sector to an
increase of 2.4 percent, and was revised down in the nondurable manufacturing sector to an increase of 0.9
percent. (See table B1.)
Annual average productivity growth in the nonfarm business sector was not revised for 2018, and was
revised up 0.1 percentage point for 2017. (See table 2.) The annual average rate of manufacturing
productivity growth was revised for several of the years from 1988 forward. The average annual rate of
productivity growth in the total manufacturing sector from 2007 to 2018--corresponding to the current
business cycle--was not revised, increasing 0.7 percent.
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors for recent years appear in tables 1-6 and appendix tables 1-6.
Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found at www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for first-quarter 2019 is scheduled to be released
on Thursday, June 6, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary first-quarter 2019
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter 3.6 4.1 0.5 2.6 1.7 -0.9
A year ago 2.4 3.9 1.5 2.5 0.8 0.1
Business Previous quarter 3.7 4.1 0.4 2.8 1.9 -0.8
A year ago 2.4 3.9 1.4 2.5 0.8 0.1
Manufacturing Previous quarter 1.7 -1.0 -2.6 2.4 1.5 0.8
A Year ago 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.1
Durable
manufacturing Previous quarter 1.4 -0.9 -2.3 2.6 1.7 1.1
A year ago 1.6 3.0 1.4 0.8 -0.9 -0.8
Nondurable
manufacturing Previous quarter 2.1 -1.0 -3.0 2.1 1.2 0.0
A year ago 1.2 0.6 -0.6 1.5 -0.2 0.2
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures – preliminary fourth-quarter 2018
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Previous quarter 3.2 4.5 1.2 3.5 2.0 0.3
corporate A year ago 2.6 4.5 1.8 3.0 0.7 0.3
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published fourth-quarter 2018
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 1.3 2.6 1.3 3.9 2.3 2.5
Previously published 1.9 3.1 1.2 3.9 2.4 2.0
Business Revised 1.2 2.6 1.4 3.6 2.1 2.4
Previously published 1.8 3.2 1.3 3.6 2.1 1.8
Manufacturing Revised 1.1 1.7 0.6 4.3 2.7 3.2
Previously published 2.0 2.7 0.8 4.3 2.7 2.2
Durable Revised 2.4 5.1 2.6 4.1 2.6 1.7
manufacturing Previously published 3.3 6.1 2.7 4.1 2.6 0.7
Nondurable Revised 0.9 -1.7 -2.6 4.0 2.5 3.1
manufacturing Previously published 1.9 -0.7 -2.5 4.1 2.6 2.1
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table C1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – annual average changes: 2014-2018
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Year productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial 2018 2.1 4.3 2.1 2.3 -0.2 0.1
corporate 2017 1.7 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.0 1.5
2016 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 -0.2 1.0
2015 1.2 3.4 2.2 3.0 2.9 1.8
2014 0.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 0.8 2.2
========================================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all persons working in
the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which
provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at each place of
employment. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours worked using data from the
National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey,
conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 and 1995, weekly paid hours are adjusted to
hours at work using a combination of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of Productivity
and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers
using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm
unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and
all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the appropriate
industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National
Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the
Department of Commerce.
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from gross
domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor
hours. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of the value of GDP in 2018. Nonfarm business,
which excludes farming, accounted for about 76 percent of GDP in 2018.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are constructed by
deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with
deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS Producer Price Index program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector
transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the indexes of
industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of the
costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following
outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other
holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted
for about 52 percent of the value of GDP in 2018.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production.
Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods
and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including
changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to employee
benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the
NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit
institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of employees in domestic
industries to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of
proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that
proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity, or real
output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in
hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation
increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous
quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the
previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual data are presented both as index
number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are rounded
to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using
index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are available
at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector
Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methodology see "Technical Information About the Major Sector
Productivity and Costs Methods" at www.bls.gov/lpc/lpcmethods.pdf.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2019 I 3.7 4.1 0.4 2.8 1.9 -0.8 0.6 -0.2
2018 ANNUAL 1.4 3.4 r 2.0 r 2.9 r 0.4 1.5 r 3.2 r 2.2
2018 IV 1.2 r 2.6 r 1.4 r 3.6 2.1 2.4 r 0.7 r 1.6 r
III 1.5 r 3.9 2.4 r 3.2 1.2 1.8 0.3 1.1
II 3.5 r 5.1 1.5 r 0.4 r -1.7 r -3.0 12.8 3.6
I 0.9 2.5 1.5 r 4.7 r 1.4 r 3.7 -0.5 1.9
2017 ANNUAL 1.1 2.6 1.5 3.4 1.3 r 2.3 1.0 1.7
2017 IV -1.1 r 2.9 4.0 r 1.2 r -1.9 r 2.4 r 3.6 r 2.9
III 2.8 3.5 0.6 r 5.7 r 3.5 r 2.8 0.9 2.0
II 1.6 3.7 2.0 r 1.4 r 1.0 r -0.3 2.3 0.8
I -0.1 r 1.9 2.0 4.1 r 1.2 r 4.2 -1.3 1.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2019 I 2.4 3.9 1.4 2.5 0.8 0.1 3.5 1.5
2018 ANNUAL 1.4 3.4 r 2.0 r 2.9 r 0.4 1.5 r 3.2 r 2.2
2018 IV 1.8 r 3.5 r 1.7 3.0 r 0.7 1.2 r 3.2 r 2.1
III 1.2 r 3.6 2.4 2.4 r -0.2 r 1.2 3.9 2.4
II 1.5 r 3.5 1.9 r 3.0 r 0.3 r 1.4 4.1 2.6
I 1.1 r 3.1 2.0 r 3.2 r 1.0 2.1 1.6 1.9
2017 ANNUAL 1.1 2.6 1.5 3.4 1.3 r 2.3 1.0 1.7
2017 IV 0.8 r 3.0 2.2 3.1 r 0.9 2.3 1.4 1.9
III 1.6 r 2.8 1.2 4.2 r 2.2 r 2.6 0.3 1.6
II 1.2 2.5 1.2 r 3.4 r 1.4 2.1 0.5 1.4
I 1.0 2.2 1.2 3.1 0.5 2.1 1.8 2.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2019 I 107.2 120.6 112.5 117.3 106.1 109.4 109.6 109.5
2018 ANNUAL 105.6 r 117.9 r 111.7 r 115.2 r 105.1 r 109.1 r 108.5 r 108.8 r
2018 IV 106.2 r 119.4 r 112.4 r 116.5 r 105.6 r 109.6 r 109.4 r 109.6 r
III 105.9 r 118.6 112.0 r 115.4 r 105.1 r 109.0 r 109.3 r 109.1
II 105.5 r 117.5 111.3 r 114.5 r 104.7 r 108.5 r 109.2 r 108.8
I 104.6 r 116.0 110.9 r 114.4 r 105.2 r 109.3 r 105.9 r 107.9
2017 ANNUAL 104.1 r 114.0 109.5 r 112.0 r 104.7 r 107.5 r 105.1 r 106.5
2017 IV 104.4 r 115.3 110.5 r 113.1 r 104.8 r 108.3 r 106.1 r 107.4
III 104.7 r 114.5 109.4 r 112.7 r 105.3 r 107.7 r 105.1 r 106.6
II 103.9 r 113.5 109.2 r 111.2 r 104.4 r 107.0 r 104.9 r 106.1
I 103.5 r 112.5 108.7 r 110.8 r 104.2 r 107.1 r 104.3 r 105.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2019 I 3.6 4.1 0.5 2.6 1.7 -0.9 1.0 -0.1
2018 ANNUAL 1.3 3.5 2.1 r 2.8 r 0.3 1.4 3.3 r 2.2 r
2018 IV 1.3 r 2.6 r 1.3 r 3.9 2.3 r 2.5 r 0.4 r 1.6 r
III 1.9 r 4.0 2.1 3.5 1.5 r 1.6 1.1 1.4
II 2.9 r 5.0 2.1 0.0 r -2.2 -2.8 12.7 3.6
I 0.7 r 2.6 1.9 r 4.1 r 0.9 r 3.5 -0.4 1.8
2017 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.7 1.5 r 3.4 1.2 2.2 0.9 1.6
2017 IV -0.3 r 3.0 3.3 r 2.0 r -1.1 r 2.3 3.7 2.9
III 2.3 r 3.6 1.3 r 5.1 2.9 2.8 1.1 2.1
II 1.7 r 3.8 2.1 r 1.4 r 0.9 r -0.3 2.3 0.8
I 0.4 1.9 1.5 4.7 1.9 r 4.2 -2.4 1.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2019 I 2.4 3.9 1.5 2.5 0.8 0.1 3.7 1.6
2018 ANNUAL 1.3 3.5 2.1 r 2.8 r 0.3 1.4 3.3 r 2.2 r
2018 IV 1.7 r 3.5 r 1.8 r 2.9 r 0.6 1.2 r 3.3 r 2.1
III 1.3 r 3.6 2.3 r 2.4 r -0.2 r 1.1 4.2 2.4
II 1.4 r 3.5 2.1 r 2.8 r 0.1 r 1.4 4.2 2.6
I 1.1 r 3.2 2.2 3.1 0.9 2.1 r 1.7 1.9
2017 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.7 1.5 r 3.4 1.2 2.2 0.9 1.6
2017 IV 1.0 3.1 2.0 r 3.3 r 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.8
III 1.4 2.9 1.5 4.0 r 2.0 r 2.5 0.2 1.5
II 1.2 2.6 1.4 3.2 1.3 2.0 0.5 1.4
I 1.0 2.2 1.2 3.1 0.5 2.1 r 1.8 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2019 I 107.0 120.5 112.6 117.4 106.2 109.7 110.7 110.1
2018 ANNUAL 105.4 r 117.8 r 111.8 r 115.3 r 105.2 r 109.4 r 109.4 r 109.4 r
2018 IV 106.1 r 119.3 r 112.4 r 116.6 r 105.7 r 109.9 r 110.4 r 110.2 r
III 105.7 r 118.5 112.1 r 115.5 r 105.1 r 109.3 r 110.3 r 109.7
II 105.2 r 117.3 111.5 r 114.5 r 104.7 r 108.8 r 110.0 r 109.3
I 104.5 r 115.9 111.0 r 114.5 r 105.3 r 109.6 r 106.8 r 108.4
2017 ANNUAL 104.0 r 113.8 109.4 r 112.2 r 104.9 r 107.9 r 105.9 r 107.0
2017 IV 104.3 r 115.2 110.4 r 113.4 r 105.1 r 108.7 r 106.9 r 107.9
III 104.4 r 114.3 109.5 r 112.8 r 105.4 r 108.1 r 105.9 r 107.1
II 103.8 r 113.3 109.2 r 111.4 r 104.6 r 107.3 r 105.6 r 106.6
I 103.4 r 112.3 108.6 r 111.0 r 104.4 r 107.4 r 105.0 r 106.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2019 I 1.7 -1.0 -2.6 2.4 1.5 0.8
2018 ANNUAL 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.7 -0.7 0.9
2018 IV 1.1 r 1.7 r 0.6 r 4.3 2.7 3.2 r
III 0.6 r 4.0 r 3.4 2.8 0.8 2.1 r
II 1.2 2.7 r 1.4 -5.0 -7.0 -6.2 r
I -0.1 1.9 r 2.1 5.4 2.2 r 5.6 r
2017 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.2 r 1.0 3.3 r 1.2 2.1 r
2017 IV 4.2 r 5.7 r 1.4 1.2 -1.8 r -2.9 r
III -4.4 r -1.5 r 3.1 2.6 0.4 7.3 r
II 4.0 r 3.6 r -0.4 2.7 2.3 r -1.2 r
I 1.2 r 3.0 r 1.7 4.7 1.8 r 3.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2019 I 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.1 -0.6 -0.1
2018 ANNUAL 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.7 -0.7 0.9
2018 IV 0.7 r 2.6 r 1.9 1.8 -0.4 1.1 r
III 1.5 3.6 2.1 1.1 r -1.5 r -0.4 r
II 0.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 1.0 -1.6 r 0.8 r
I 0.8 r 2.4 r 1.5 r 3.0 0.7 r 2.1 r
2017 ANNUAL 1.2 r 2.2 r 1.0 3.3 r 1.2 2.1 r
2017 IV 1.2 r 2.7 r 1.5 2.8 0.7 1.6 r
III 0.8 r 1.9 r 1.2 r 3.8 1.8 3.0 r
II 2.1 r 2.8 r 0.7 3.6 1.6 1.5 r
I 0.7 r 1.5 r 0.7 3.2 r 0.7 2.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2019 I 102.3 108.8 106.4 113.6 102.8 111.1
2018 ANNUAL 101.5 r 108.0 r 106.4 r 112.0 r 102.2 r 110.3 r
2018 IV 101.9 r 109.1 r 107.1 r 112.9 r 102.4 r 110.8 r
III 101.6 r 108.6 r 106.9 r 111.7 r 101.7 r 110.0 r
II 101.4 r 107.5 r 106.0 r 111.0 r 101.5 r 109.4 r
I 101.1 r 106.8 r 105.7 r 112.4 r 103.3 r 111.1 r
2017 ANNUAL 100.7 r 105.2 r 104.5 r 110.1 r 103.0 r 109.4 r
2017 IV 101.2 r 106.3 r 105.1 110.9 102.8 r 109.6 r
III 100.1 r 104.9 r 104.7 r 110.6 r 103.3 r 110.4 r
II 101.3 r 105.3 r 103.9 r 109.9 r 103.2 r 108.5 r
I 100.3 r 104.3 r 104.0 r 109.1 r 102.6 r 108.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2019 I 1.4 -0.9 -2.3 2.6 1.7 1.1
2018 ANNUAL 1.2 r 3.4 r 2.2 r 2.1 r -0.4 r 0.8 r
2018 IV 2.4 r 5.1 r 2.6 r 4.1 2.6 1.7 r
III 1.9 r 5.8 r 3.8 r 1.5 r -0.5 r -0.4 r
II 0.4 r 2.2 r 1.7 r -4.9 -6.9 -5.3 r
I 0.4 3.9 r 3.5 r 6.4 r 3.1 r 5.9 r
2017 ANNUAL 1.7 r 2.3 r 0.6 4.1 1.9 2.3 r
2017 IV 4.3 r 5.3 r 1.0 r 1.7 r -1.4 r -2.5
III -3.9 r -1.3 r 2.6 r 2.4 r 0.3 r 6.5 r
II 5.4 r 2.8 r -2.5 6.2 5.8 r 0.8 r
I 1.0 r 3.9 r 2.9 4.0 1.2 r 3.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2019 I 1.6 3.0 1.4 0.8 -0.9 -0.8
2018 ANNUAL 1.2 r 3.4 r 2.2 r 2.1 r -0.4 r 0.8 r
2018 IV 1.3 r 4.2 r 2.9 r 1.7 r -0.5 r 0.4 r
III 1.8 r 4.3 2.5 r 1.1 r -1.5 r -0.6 r
II 0.3 r 2.5 r 2.2 r 1.3 r -1.3 r 1.0 r
I 1.5 r 2.6 r 1.1 r 4.2 r 1.9 r 2.6 r
2017 ANNUAL 1.7 r 2.3 r 0.6 4.1 1.9 2.3 r
2017 IV 1.6 r 2.6 r 1.0 3.6 r 1.4 1.9 r
III 1.2 r 1.9 r 0.8 4.7 2.6 3.5 r
II 2.8 r 3.0 r 0.2 4.6 2.6 1.8 r
I 1.3 r 1.8 r 0.5 3.5 1.0 r 2.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2019 I 103.3 110.4 106.9 114.3 103.4 110.7
2018 ANNUAL 102.2 r 108.7 r 106.4 r 112.9 r 103.0 r 110.5 r
2018 IV 102.9 r 110.6 r 107.5 r 113.6 r 103.0 r 110.4 r
III 102.3 r 109.3 r 106.8 r 112.5 r 102.4 r 110.0 r
II 101.8 r 107.7 r 105.8 r 112.1 r 102.5 r 110.1 r
I 101.7 r 107.2 r 105.4 r 113.5 r 104.3 r 111.6 r
2017 ANNUAL 101.0 r 105.1 r 104.1 r 110.6 r 103.4 r 109.6 r
2017 IV 101.6 r 106.1 r 104.5 r 111.7 r 103.5 r 110.0 r
III 100.5 r 104.8 r 104.2 r 111.3 r 103.9 r 110.7 r
II 101.5 r 105.1 r 103.6 r 110.6 r 103.8 r 108.9 r
I 100.2 r 104.4 r 104.2 108.9 r 102.4 r 108.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2019 I 2.1 -1.0 -3.0 2.1 1.2 0.0
2018 ANNUAL 0.6 r 1.9 r 1.3 r 0.9 r -1.5 r 0.4 r
2018 IV 0.9 r -1.7 r -2.6 r 4.0 r 2.5 r 3.1 r
III -0.4 r 2.2 r 2.6 r 5.4 3.3 5.8 r
II 2.3 r 3.1 r 0.8 r -5.3 r -7.3 r -7.5 r
I 0.1 r -0.1 r -0.3 r 3.3 r 0.0 r 3.1 r
2017 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.9 r 1.7 2.0 r -0.1 1.8 r
2017 IV 3.9 r 6.2 r 2.2 r 0.5 r -2.6 -3.3 r
III -5.3 r -1.6 r 3.9 r 3.0 r 0.9 r 8.8 r
II 1.1 r 4.4 r 3.3 -3.3 -3.7 r -4.4 r
I 2.3 r 2.0 r -0.3 5.7 r 2.9 r 3.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2019 I 1.2 0.6 -0.6 1.5 -0.2 0.2
2018 ANNUAL 0.6 r 1.9 r 1.3 r 0.9 r -1.5 r 0.4 r
2018 IV 0.7 r 0.8 r 0.1 r 1.7 r -0.5 r 1.0 r
III 1.5 r 2.8 r 1.3 r 0.9 r -1.7 r -0.6 r
II 0.2 r 1.8 r 1.6 r 0.3 r -2.3 r 0.1
I -0.1 r 2.2 r 2.3 r 0.8 r -1.4 r 0.9 r
2017 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.9 r 1.7 2.0 r -0.1 1.8 r
2017 IV 0.4 r 2.7 r 2.3 r 1.4 r -0.7 r 1.0 r
III 0.1 r 1.9 r 1.8 2.2 r 0.2 r 2.2 r
II 0.8 r 2.4 r 1.5 1.7 -0.2 0.9 r
I -0.4 r 0.9 r 1.2 2.8 0.2 3.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2019 I 102.5 108.1 105.5 112.0 101.3 109.3
2018 ANNUAL 101.7 r 108.2 r 106.4 r 110.3 r 100.6 r 108.5 r
2018 IV 101.9 r 108.3 r 106.3 r 111.4 r 101.0 r 109.3 r
III 101.7 r 108.8 r 107.0 r 110.3 r 100.4 r 108.5 r
II 101.8 r 108.2 r 106.3 r 108.9 r 99.6 r 107.0 r
I 101.2 r 107.4 r 106.1 r 110.4 r 101.5 r 109.1 r
2017 ANNUAL 101.1 r 106.2 r 105.0 r 109.2 r 102.1 r 108.1 r
2017 IV 101.2 r 107.4 r 106.2 r 109.5 r 101.5 r 108.2 r
III 100.2 r 105.8 r 105.6 r 109.4 r 102.2 r 109.1 r
II 101.6 r 106.3 r 104.6 r 108.6 r 102.0 r 106.9 r
I 101.3 r 105.1 r 103.7 r 109.5 r 102.9 r 108.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2018 ANNUAL 2.1 4.3 2.1 2.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 6.2 0.9
2018 IV 3.2 4.5 1.2 3.5 2.0 0.3 1.8 0.8 -0.5 0.6
III 6.2 r 7.7 1.4 r 3.7 r 1.6 -2.3 -3.0 -2.6 18.9 0.0
II -2.0 r 0.8 2.8 r -0.1 r -2.2 r 1.9 2.7 2.2 17.1 4.0
I 3.4 r 5.3 1.8 r 4.8 r 1.5 r 1.4 -1.0 0.6 5.5 1.2
2017 ANNUAL 1.7 r 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 -2.1 0.9
2017 IV 1.4 4.2 2.7 r 0.3 -2.7 r -1.1 0.5 -0.6 7.8 0.4
III 1.1 r 2.5 1.4 r 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.7 0.6 1.3 -17.1 -1.2
II 4.6 r 7.4 2.7 0.0 r -0.4 r -4.4 -2.4 -3.7 7.5 -2.4
I 3.1 5.0 1.8 8.1 5.2 r 4.9 0.0 3.2 10.6 4.1
2016 ANNUAL 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 -0.2 1.0 0.1 0.7 -6.8 -0.3
2016 IV -2.3 -1.7 0.6 3.5 0.9 r 6.0 7.6 6.5 -9.1 4.4
III 4.6 6.3 1.6 r 1.4 -0.5 -3.1 -3.6 -3.3 -5.4 -3.5
II -4.8 -3.6 1.2 0.3 -2.5 r 5.4 6.5 5.8 -21.8 1.6
I 3.5 3.8 0.2 2.3 2.4 r -1.2 -14.3 -5.7 31.2 -1.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2018 ANNUAL 2.1 4.3 2.1 2.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 6.2 0.9
2018 IV 2.6 4.5 1.8 3.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 10.0 1.4
III 2.2 r 4.4 2.2 r 2.2 r -0.5 r 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 12.2 1.4
II 1.0 r 3.2 2.2 r 1.9 -0.7 r 1.0 0.7 0.9 2.5 1.1
I 2.6 r 4.8 2.2 2.0 r -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0.3 -0.5
2017 ANNUAL 1.7 r 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 -2.1 0.9
2017 IV 2.6 r 4.8 2.1 r 2.8 r 0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.0 1.5 0.2
III 1.6 r 3.2 1.6 r 3.6 r 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.8 -2.7 1.2
II 2.5 r 4.2 1.7 3.2 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6
I 0.1 1.4 1.3 3.3 0.7 3.2 2.5 3.0 -7.1 1.6
2016 ANNUAL 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 -0.2 1.0 0.1 0.7 -6.8 -0.3
2016 IV 0.2 1.1 0.9 1.9 0.0 1.7 -1.4 0.7 -3.1 0.2
III 0.3 1.9 1.6 0.7 -0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 -11.6 -1.4
II -0.6 1.0 1.7 0.6 -0.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 -7.7 0.0
I 0.4 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.7 -4.4 0.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2018 ANNUAL 106.0 119.6 112.9 114.3 104.3 107.9 104.1 106.6 96.8 105.2
2018 IV 107.3 121.8 113.5 115.6 104.8 107.8 104.2 106.6 99.7 105.6
III 106.4 r 120.4 113.2 r 114.6 r 104.3 r 107.7 103.7 106.4 99.9 105.4
II 104.8 r 118.2 112.8 r 113.5 r 103.8 r 108.3 104.5 107.1 95.6 105.4
I 105.3 r 118.0 112.0 r 113.6 r 104.4 r 107.8 103.8 106.5 91.9 104.4
2017 ANNUAL 103.8 r 114.7 110.6 r 111.8 r 104.5 r 107.7 104.1 106.5 91.2 104.3
2017 IV 104.5 r 116.5 111.5 r 112.2 r 104.0 r 107.4 104.1 106.3 90.7 104.1
III 104.1 r 115.3 110.7 r 112.1 r 104.8 r 107.7 104.0 106.5 89.0 104.0
II 103.8 r 114.6 110.4 r 111.4 r 104.6 r 107.3 103.8 106.1 93.3 104.3
I 102.7 r 112.6 109.6 r 111.4 r 104.7 r 108.5 104.4 107.1 91.6 104.9
2016 ANNUAL 102.1 r 111.0 108.7 r 108.3 r 103.4 r 106.1 103.1 105.1 93.1 103.4
2016 IV 101.9 r 111.2 109.1 r 109.2 r 103.4 r 107.2 104.4 106.3 89.4 103.9
III 102.5 r 111.7 109.0 r 108.3 r 103.2 r 105.7 102.5 104.6 91.5 102.8
II 101.3 r 110.0 108.5 r 107.9 r 103.3 r 106.5 103.5 105.5 92.8 103.7
I 102.6 r 111.0 108.2 r 107.8 r 103.9 r 105.1 101.9 104.0 98.7 103.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S.
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal
Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information
becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period;
revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector,
the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed
from the initial value by between -1.5 and 1.4 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This
interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the fourth
quarter of 2018.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private
benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include
an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers
(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2018 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments,
rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal
places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less
subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Business sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.7 1.7 -0.7 0.6
2015 IV -3.2 0.1 3.4 -1.0 -1.1 r 2.2 -3.6 -0.3
III 0.8 0.8 -0.1 2.1 0.4 r 1.3 1.3 1.3
II 2.5 4.1 1.5 4.0 1.1 r 1.4 3.1 2.2
I 2.7 4.1 1.4 4.9 7.6 2.2 -5.6 -1.3
2014 ANNUAL 0.7 3.0 2.4 2.6 0.9 1.9 1.3 1.7
2014 IV -2.4 2.3 4.8 3.8 4.8 r 6.3 -7.0 0.1
III 3.1 6.4 3.1 1.4 0.3 -1.7 5.7 1.6
II 3.3 6.5 3.1 -3.1 -5.1 -6.1 15.4 2.8
I -3.2 -1.7 1.6 9.6 6.8 13.3 -12.4 1.2
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.4 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.6 2.6 1.5
2013 IV 2.7 4.3 1.6 2.6 1.1 -0.1 4.7 2.0
III 1.6 4.2 2.5 -1.5 -3.6 -3.0 8.1 1.8
II -0.6 0.6 1.3 3.1 3.5 3.8 -3.0 0.7
I 3.6 4.9 1.2 -5.0 -6.6 -8.4 14.8 1.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.7 1.7 -0.7 0.6
2015 IV 0.7 2.2 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.8 -1.3 0.4
III 0.9 2.8 1.9 3.7 3.5 2.8 -2.2 0.6
II 1.5 4.2 2.7 3.5 3.4 2.0 -1.1 0.6
I 1.6 4.8 3.1 1.7 1.8 0.1 1.7 0.8
2014 ANNUAL 0.7 3.0 2.4 2.6 0.9 1.9 1.3 1.7
2014 IV 0.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.6 2.7 -0.1 1.4
III 1.4 3.8 2.3 2.5 0.7 1.1 2.9 1.9
II 1.0 3.3 2.2 1.8 -0.3 0.8 3.4 1.9
I 0.1 1.8 1.7 3.4 1.9 3.3 -1.0 1.4
2013 ANNUAL 0.9 2.4 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.6 2.6 1.5
2013 IV 1.8 3.5 1.6 -0.3 -1.5 -2.0 6.0 1.4
III 0.8 2.5 1.7 1.8 0.3 1.0 1.8 1.3
II 0.2 1.7 1.5 2.3 0.8 2.1 0.6 1.4
I 0.8 2.1 1.3 2.1 0.3 1.3 2.2 1.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 102.8 109.3 106.3 107.1 103.6 104.2 103.2 103.8
2015 IV 102.4 r 109.7 107.1 r 107.4 r 103.5 r 104.9 102.8 104.0
III 103.2 109.6 106.2 107.7 103.8 r 104.3 103.8 104.1
II 103.0 109.4 106.2 107.2 r 103.7 r 104.0 103.5 103.8
I 102.4 r 108.3 105.8 r 106.1 r 103.4 r 103.6 102.7 r 103.2
2014 ANNUAL 101.6 105.6 103.9 104.1 100.9 102.5 104.0 103.2
2014 IV 101.7 107.3 105.4 104.8 101.5 r 103.1 104.2 103.6
III 102.3 106.6 104.2 103.9 100.3 r 101.5 106.1 103.5
II 101.5 105.0 103.4 103.5 100.3 r 102.0 104.6 103.1
I 100.7 103.4 102.6 104.3 101.6 103.6 100.9 102.4
2013 ANNUAL 100.9 102.4 101.5 101.5 100.0 100.6 102.6 101.5
2013 IV 101.6 103.8 102.2 102.0 99.9 100.4 104.3 102.1
III 100.9 102.7 101.8 101.3 99.7 100.4 103.1 101.6
II 100.5 101.7 101.2 101.7 100.6 101.2 101.1 101.2
I 100.6 101.5 100.9 100.9 99.7 100.3 101.9 101.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Nonfarm business sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL 1.3 3.5 2.2 3.1 2.9 1.8 -0.3 0.8
2015 IV -3.1 0.1 3.2 -0.9 -0.9 r 2.3 -3.3 -0.2
III 0.6 r 0.6 0.0 2.0 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.2
II 2.2 4.1 1.8 r 3.7 0.9 1.4 3.1 2.1
I 3.0 r 4.1 1.1 5.3 8.0 2.3 -4.1 -0.6
2014 ANNUAL 0.8 3.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.8
2014 IV -2.2 2.2 4.5 4.2 r 5.2 r 6.5 -7.2 0.2
III 3.7 6.4 2.6 2.2 1.1 r -1.5 6.8 2.1
II 3.4 6.5 3.0 -3.0 -5.0 -6.2 14.7 2.4
I -3.4 -1.6 1.9 9.3 6.5 13.1 -12.6 1.1
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.8 2.3 1.5
2013 IV 3.0 4.6 1.5 2.9 1.3 -0.2 6.3 2.7
III 1.9 4.1 2.1 -1.0 -3.2 -2.9 8.8 2.0
II -1.3 0.0 1.4 3.0 3.4 4.4 -2.9 1.2
I 2.4 4.1 1.7 -5.6 -7.2 -7.8 13.1 0.7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL 1.3 3.5 2.2 3.1 2.9 1.8 -0.3 0.8
2015 IV 0.7 2.2 1.5 2.5 2.0 1.8 -0.9 0.7
III 0.9 2.7 1.8 3.8 3.5 r 2.9 -1.9 0.8
II 1.6 4.2 2.5 3.8 3.7 2.1 -0.5 1.0
I 1.9 4.8 2.8 2.1 2.2 0.2 2.2 1.0
2014 ANNUAL 0.8 3.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.8
2014 IV 0.3 3.3 3.0 3.1 1.8 2.7 -0.2 1.5
III 1.6 3.9 2.2 2.7 0.9 1.1 3.3 2.1
II 1.2 3.3 2.1 1.9 -0.2 0.7 3.8 2.0
I 0.0 1.7 1.7 3.5 2.0 3.4 -0.5 1.7
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.3 -0.2 0.8 2.3 1.5
2013 IV 1.5 3.2 1.7 -0.3 -1.5 -1.7 6.2 1.6
III 0.4 2.2 1.8 1.7 0.1 1.3 1.4 1.4
II -0.3 1.4 1.8 2.0 0.5 2.3 0.0 1.3
I 0.5 2.0 1.6 1.8 0.0 1.3 1.7 1.5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 102.6 109.0 106.2 107.3 103.8 104.6 103.6 104.2
2015 IV 102.2 r 109.4 107.0 r 107.6 r 103.7 r 105.3 103.3 r 104.4
III 103.0 109.4 106.2 107.9 104.0 r 104.7 104.2 104.5
II 102.9 r 109.2 106.2 r 107.3 r 103.9 r 104.4 r 103.9 104.2
I 102.3 r 108.1 105.7 r 106.4 r 103.6 r 104.0 103.1 103.6
2014 ANNUAL 101.3 105.4 104.0 104.1 100.9 102.8 104.0 103.3
2014 IV 101.6 107.0 105.4 105.0 r 101.7 r 103.4 104.2 103.8
III 102.1 106.5 104.2 103.9 100.4 r 101.8 106.2 103.7
II 101.2 104.8 103.6 r 103.4 r 100.1 r 102.2 104.5 103.2
I 100.4 103.2 102.8 104.2 101.4 103.8 100.9 102.6
2013 ANNUAL 100.5 102.2 101.7 101.3 99.8 100.8 102.3 101.5
2013 IV 101.2 103.6 102.3 101.9 99.9 100.7 104.4 r 102.3
III 100.5 102.4 102.0 101.2 99.5 100.7 102.8 101.6
II 100.0 101.4 101.4 101.4 100.3 101.4 100.7 101.1
I 100.3 101.4 101.1 100.7 99.5 100.4 101.4 100.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Manufacturing sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL -1.6 -0.6 1.0 2.5 2.3 4.1
2015 IV -4.0 r -2.0 r 2.0 r -1.8 -1.8 r 2.3 r
III 2.0 r 0.5 r -1.5 4.5 2.8 2.4 r
II -1.5 r -1.3 0.1 2.1 -0.7 r 3.7 r
I -2.0 r -3.2 r -1.2 4.0 6.6 r 6.0 r
2014 ANNUAL -0.2 r 1.3 r 1.6 2.8 1.1 3.0 r
2014 IV -4.0 r 0.6 4.7 3.3 4.3 r 7.5 r
III -0.6 r 1.6 r 2.2 1.8 0.7 2.4 r
II 0.8 r 4.2 r 3.3 -2.4 -4.4 -3.1 r
I 0.5 r -1.2 r -1.7 10.4 7.6 9.9 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.4 r 2.2 r 0.8 0.5 -0.9 -0.9 r
2013 IV -1.4 r 2.3 r 3.8 0.0 -1.5 1.4 r
III -1.2 r 0.6 r 1.8 0.5 -1.6 1.8 r
II 3.8 r 1.7 r -2.0 3.7 4.1 -0.1 r
I 3.6 r 5.7 r 2.1 -3.7 -5.3 -7.0 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL -1.6 -0.6 1.0 2.5 2.3 4.1
2015 IV -1.4 r -1.5 r -0.1 2.2 1.7 3.6 r
III -1.4 -0.9 0.5 3.4 3.2 4.9
II -2.0 r -0.6 r 1.4 2.8 2.7 4.9 r
I -1.5 0.7 2.2 1.6 1.7 3.1
2014 ANNUAL -0.2 r 1.3 r 1.6 2.8 1.1 3.0 r
2014 IV -0.8 r 1.3 r 2.1 3.2 1.9 4.0 r
III -0.2 r 1.7 r 1.9 2.3 0.5 2.5 r
II -0.3 r 1.5 r 1.8 2.0 -0.1 2.4 r
I 0.4 0.8 r 0.5 3.6 2.1 3.2 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.4 r 2.2 r 0.8 0.5 -0.9 -0.9 r
2013 IV 1.2 r 2.6 r 1.4 0.1 -1.1 -1.0 r
III 2.1 r 2.6 r 0.5 1.2 -0.4 -0.9 r
II 2.0 r 2.2 r 0.2 0.8 -0.7 -1.2 r
I 0.4 r 1.6 r 1.2 0.1 -1.7 -0.4 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 99.6 r 103.0 r 103.4 105.9 102.4 106.3 r
2015 IV 99.0 r 102.6 r 103.6 r 106.3 r 102.4 r 107.3 r
III 100.0 r 103.1 r 103.1 106.8 102.9 r 106.7 r
II 99.5 r 103.0 r 103.5 105.6 102.2 r 106.1 r
I 99.9 r 103.3 r 103.4 105.0 102.3 r 105.1 r
2014 ANNUAL 101.2 r 103.6 r 102.4 103.3 100.1 102.1 r
2014 IV 100.4 r 104.2 r 103.8 104.0 100.7 r 103.6 r
III 101.4 r 104.0 r 102.6 103.2 99.7 r 101.8 r
II 101.6 r 103.6 r 102.0 102.7 99.5 r 101.1 r
I 101.4 r 102.6 r 101.2 103.4 100.6 102.0 r
2013 ANNUAL 101.4 r 102.2 r 100.8 100.5 99.1 99.1 r
2013 IV 101.2 r 102.9 r 101.6 100.8 98.8 99.6 r
III 101.6 r 102.3 r 100.7 100.8 99.2 99.2 r
II 101.9 r 102.1 r 100.2 100.7 99.6 98.8 r
I 101.0 r 101.7 r 100.7 99.8 98.6 98.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 4.
Durable manufacturing sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL -1.3 r -0.7 0.6 3.1 2.9 4.4
2015 IV -7.0 r -5.5 r 1.6 -1.7 -1.8 r 5.7 r
III 2.1 r -0.2 r -2.3 4.2 2.6 2.1 r
II -1.3 r -1.6 r -0.3 1.8 -0.9 3.2 r
I -2.1 r -3.9 r -1.8 6.4 9.1 r 8.7 r
2014 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.6 r 2.2 2.3 0.6 1.9 r
2014 IV -1.6 r 1.0 r 2.6 3.8 4.8 r 5.5 r
III -0.6 r 3.3 r 3.9 1.6 0.5 2.2 r
II 0.7 r 6.0 r 5.3 -2.7 -4.8 r -3.4 r
I 1.2 r -0.3 r -1.5 10.3 7.5 9.0 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.3 r 2.5 r 1.2 -0.2 -1.6 -1.5 r
2013 IV -0.2 r 4.2 r 4.4 -2.3 -3.8 -2.1 r
III -0.5 r 1.4 r 1.9 1.1 -1.0 1.6 r
II 3.7 r 1.6 r -2.0 2.9 3.3 -0.8 r
I 2.7 r 6.0 r 3.3 -5.0 -6.6 -7.5 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL -1.3 r -0.7 0.6 3.1 2.9 4.4
2015 IV -2.1 r -2.8 r -0.7 2.7 2.2 4.9 r
III -0.7 -1.2 -0.5 4.1 3.8 4.8
II -1.4 -0.3 r 1.1 3.4 3.3 4.9
I -0.9 1.5 2.5 2.2 2.3 3.2
2014 ANNUAL 0.4 r 2.6 r 2.2 2.3 0.6 1.9 r
2014 IV -0.1 r 2.5 r 2.5 3.2 1.9 3.2 r
III 0.3 r 3.3 r 3.0 1.6 -0.2 1.3 r
II 0.3 r 2.8 r 2.5 1.5 -0.6 1.2 r
I 1.1 r 1.7 r 0.7 2.9 1.4 1.8 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.3 r 2.5 r 1.2 -0.2 -1.6 -1.5 r
2013 IV 1.4 r 3.3 r 1.9 -0.9 -2.1 -2.3 r
III 2.0 r 2.9 r 0.8 1.0 -0.6 -1.1 r
II 1.5 r 1.9 r 0.4 0.1 -1.4 -1.4 r
I 0.2 r 1.8 r 1.6 -0.9 -2.6 -1.1 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 100.4 r 104.4 r 103.9 105.2 101.8 104.8 r
2015 IV 99.2 r 103.1 r 103.9 105.6 101.7 r 106.4 r
III 101.0 r 104.6 r 103.5 106.0 102.2 r 104.9 r
II 100.5 r 104.6 r 104.1 104.9 101.5 r 104.4 r
I 100.8 r 105.1 r 104.2 104.5 101.8 r 103.6 r
2014 ANNUAL 101.7 r 105.1 r 103.3 102.1 98.9 100.4 r
2014 IV 101.4 r 106.1 r 104.7 102.8 99.6 r 101.5 r
III 101.8 r 105.8 r 104.0 101.9 98.4 r 100.1 r
II 101.9 r 105.0 r 103.0 101.5 98.3 r 99.6 r
I 101.7 r 103.5 r 101.7 102.2 99.5 100.4 r
2013 ANNUAL 101.3 r 102.5 r 101.2 99.8 98.4 98.5 r
2013 IV 101.4 r 103.6 r 102.1 99.7 97.7 98.3 r
III 101.5 r 102.5 r 101.0 100.3 98.6 98.8 r
II 101.6 r 102.1 r 100.5 100.0 98.9 98.4 r
I 100.7 r 101.7 r 101.0 99.3 98.1 98.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 5.
Nondurable manufacturing sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL -1.2 r 0.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.7 r
2015 IV -1.1 r 1.7 r 2.8 r -1.8 r -1.9 r -0.8 r
III 1.6 r 1.5 r -0.2 r 5.1 3.4 3.4 r
II -1.2 -0.3 0.9 2.8 0.0 4.0 r
I -0.9 r -1.0 r -0.1 -0.6 r 2.0 r 0.3 r
2014 ANNUAL 0.0 r 0.5 r 0.5 3.6 1.9 3.6 r
2014 IV -6.6 r 1.3 r 8.5 2.5 3.5 r 9.7 r
III 1.3 0.6 r -0.7 1.8 0.7 0.5 r
II 3.0 r 3.0 r 0.0 -1.9 -4.0 r -4.8 r
I 0.4 r -1.4 r -1.8 10.5 7.7 10.1 r
2013 ANNUAL 1.7 r 1.9 r 0.2 1.9 0.4 0.2 r
2013 IV -2.0 0.6 2.6 4.3 2.7 6.4
III -1.9 r -0.2 r 1.6 -0.6 -2.7 1.3 r
II 3.5 r 1.5 r -1.9 5.1 5.5 1.6 r
I 4.6 r 4.6 r 0.0 -1.2 -2.9 -5.5 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL -1.2 r 0.5 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.7 r
2015 IV -0.4 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.7
III -1.8 0.4 r 2.2 2.4 2.2 4.3 r
II -1.9 r 0.2 r 2.1 1.6 1.5 3.6 r
I -0.9 1.0 r 1.8 0.5 0.5 1.3
2014 ANNUAL 0.0 r 0.5 r 0.5 3.6 1.9 3.6 r
2014 IV -0.5 r 0.9 r 1.4 3.1 1.9 3.7 r
III 0.7 r 0.7 r 0.0 3.6 1.7 2.9 r
II -0.1 r 0.5 r 0.6 3.0 0.8 r 3.1 r
I 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.8 3.2 4.8
2013 ANNUAL 1.7 r 1.9 r 0.2 1.9 0.4 0.2 r
2013 IV 1.0 r 1.6 r 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.8 r
III 2.2 r 2.0 r -0.1 1.5 0.0 -0.6 r
II 2.5 r 2.3 r -0.2 2.1 0.6 -0.4 r
I 1.1 r 1.6 r 0.5 1.9 0.2 0.9 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 100.4 r 102.9 r 102.5 107.1 103.6 106.6 r
2015 IV 100.4 r 103.4 r 103.1 r 107.6 r 103.6 r 107.2 r
III 100.6 r 103.0 r 102.3 108.1 104.1 r 107.4 r
II 100.2 r 102.6 r 102.4 r 106.7 r 103.3 r 106.5 r
I 100.5 r 102.7 r 102.2 r 106.0 r 103.3 r 105.4 r
2014 ANNUAL 101.7 r 102.4 r 100.7 105.5 102.3 103.8 r
2014 IV 100.7 r 102.9 r 102.2 106.1 102.8 r 105.4 r
III 102.5 r 102.6 r 100.1 105.5 101.9 r 102.9 r
II 102.1 r 102.4 r 100.3 105.0 101.7 r 102.8 r
I 101.4 r 101.7 r 100.3 105.5 102.7 104.1 r
2013 ANNUAL 101.7 r 101.9 r 100.2 101.9 100.4 100.2 r
2013 IV 101.3 r 102.1 r 100.8 102.9 100.9 101.6 r
III 101.8 r 101.9 r 100.1 101.8 100.2 100.0 r
II 102.3 r 102.0 r 99.7 102.0 100.9 99.7 r
I 101.4 r 101.6 r 100.2 100.7 99.5 99.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 6.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Revised labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.4 2.2 3.0 2.9 1.8 0.5 1.4 -4.1 0.6
2015 IV -2.0 1.4 3.5 -1.3 -1.3 r 0.7 14.7 5.2 -37.2 -1.9
III 1.0 2.8 1.8 1.2 -0.5 r 0.2 -0.2 0.1 12.9 1.8
II -0.9 0.0 0.9 2.9 0.1 r 3.8 3.4 3.7 -10.1 1.6
I 1.7 2.9 1.1 9.2 12.0 r 7.4 -1.3 4.4 -19.1 0.6
2014 ANNUAL 0.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 0.8 2.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 1.7
2014 IV 2.8 r 6.4 3.5 1.9 2.9 r -0.8 -2.3 -1.3 -4.4 -1.8
III 3.1 6.3 3.1 0.5 -0.5 r -2.5 -1.6 -2.2 32.1 2.2
II 0.7 5.7 5.0 -3.5 -5.6 r -4.2 -0.1 -2.8 36.8 1.8
I 0.5 2.0 1.5 12.2 9.3 11.6 1.1 8.0 -23.7 3.0
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 1.4 -0.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.3 1.4
2013 IV -0.7 1.6 2.2 1.5 -0.1 2.1 4.7 3.0 -2.0 2.3
III -3.7 -1.1 2.6 -2.0 -4.1 1.7 4.4 2.6 -9.5 0.8
II 2.0 3.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 -0.5 -1.7 -0.9 -2.0 -1.0
I 0.2 3.4 3.2 -1.2 -2.8 -1.3 3.0 0.1 23.2 3.1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.4 2.2 3.0 2.9 1.8 0.5 1.4 -4.1 0.6
2015 IV -0.1 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.4 r 3.0 4.0 3.3 -15.2 0.5
III 1.1 3.0 1.8 3.7 3.5 2.6 -0.1 1.7 -5.9 0.5
II 1.7 3.8 2.1 3.6 3.5 1.9 -0.5 1.1 -2.1 0.6
I 2.1 5.3 3.2 1.9 2.0 -0.1 -1.3 -0.5 8.8 0.7
2014 ANNUAL 0.4 3.1 2.7 2.5 0.8 2.2 1.2 1.9 0.8 1.7
2014 IV 1.8 5.1 3.2 2.6 1.4 0.8 -0.7 0.3 7.2 1.3
III 0.9 3.9 2.9 2.5 0.6 r 1.6 1.0 1.4 7.8 2.3
II -0.8 2.0 2.8 1.9 -0.3 r 2.7 2.5 2.6 -1.9 2.0
I -0.5 1.5 2.0 3.2 1.6 3.7 2.1 3.1 -9.8 1.2
2013 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 1.4 -0.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.3 1.4
2013 IV -0.6 1.8 2.4 -0.1 -1.3 0.5 2.6 1.2 1.7 1.3
III 1.2 3.4 2.1 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.5 0.8
II 0.8 2.7 1.9 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.9 2.7 1.2
I 0.5 2.2 1.7 2.3 0.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 5.5 2.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2015 ANNUAL 102.0 109.3 107.1 107.1 103.6 105.0 103.0 104.3 99.9 103.7
2015 IV 101.7 r 110.0 108.1 r 107.2 r 103.3 r 105.4 105.9 105.6 92.2 103.7
III 102.2 r 109.6 107.2 r 107.6 r 103.7 r 105.2 102.3 104.3 103.6 104.2
II 102.0 r 108.8 106.7 r 107.3 103.8 r 105.2 102.3 104.2 100.5 103.7
I 102.2 108.8 106.5 r 106.5 103.8 r 104.2 101.5 103.3 103.2 103.3
2014 ANNUAL 100.8 105.7 104.8 104.0 100.8 103.1 102.5 102.9 104.2 103.1
2014 IV 101.8 r 108.1 106.2 r 104.2 r 100.9 r 102.4 101.8 102.2 108.8 103.1
III 101.1 106.4 105.3 103.7 100.2 r 102.6 102.4 102.5 110.0 103.6
II 100.3 104.8 104.5 103.6 100.3 r 103.2 102.8 103.1 102.6 103.0
I 100.1 103.4 103.3 104.5 101.7 104.3 102.8 103.8 94.9 102.6
2013 ANNUAL 100.5 102.5 102.0 101.4 99.9 100.9 101.2 101.0 103.3 101.4
2013 IV 100.0 102.9 102.9 101.5 99.5 101.5 102.6 101.9 101.5 101.8
III 100.2 102.5 102.3 101.2 99.5 101.0 101.4 101.1 102.0 101.3
II 101.1 102.8 101.7 101.7 100.6 100.5 100.3 100.5 104.6 101.1
I 100.6 101.9 101.3 101.3 100.1 100.7 100.7 100.7 105.1 101.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. May 2, 2019
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
