For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 20, 2010                    USDL-10-0993

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


               USUAL WEEKLY EARNINGS OF WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS
                              SECOND QUARTER 2010


Median weekly earnings of the nation's 99.8 million full-time wage and salary 
workers were $740 in the second quarter of 2010 (not seasonally adjusted), the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was 0.8 percent higher 
than a year earlier, compared with a gain of 1.8 percent in the Consumer Price 
Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) over the same period.

Data on usual weekly earnings are collected as part of the Current Population 
Survey, a nationwide sample survey of households in which respondents are asked, 
among other things, how much each wage and salary worker usually earns. (See 
the Technical Note.) Data shown in this release are not seasonally adjusted un-
less otherwise specified. Highlights from the second-quarter data are:

   --Seasonally adjusted median weekly earnings were $744 in the second quarter 
     of 2010, little changed from the previous quarter, $748. (See table 1.)

   --Median weekly earnings were $740 in the second quarter of 2010 (not sea-
     sonally adjusted). Women who usually worked full time had median weekly 
     earnings of $672, or 83.0 percent of the $810 median for men. (See table 2.)

   --The female-to-male earnings ratio was lowest among whites (81.4 percent), 
     compared with blacks (92.6 percent), Hispanics (94.8 percent), and Asians 
     (94.8 percent). (See table 2.)

   --Among the major race and ethnicity groups, median earnings for black men 
     working at full-time jobs were $632 per week, 75.4 percent of the median 
     for white men, $838. The difference was less among women, as black women's 
     median earnings ($585) were 85.8 percent of those for white women ($682). 
     Overall, median earnings of Hispanics who worked full time ($529) were 
     lower than those of blacks ($607), whites ($756), and Asians ($873). (See 
     table 2.)

   --Usual weekly earnings of full-time workers varied by age. Among men, those 
     age 45 to 54 and age 55 to 64 had the highest median weekly earnings, $948 
     and $953, respectively. Usual weekly earnings were highest for women from 
     age 35 to 64; median weekly earnings were $731 for women age 35 to 44 and 
     age 45 to 54, essentially the same as the $730 median for women age 55 to 
     64. (See table 3.)

   --Among the major occupational groups, persons employed full time in manage-
     ment, professional, and related occupations had the highest median weekly 
     earnings--$1,229 for men and $920 for women. Men and women employed in 
     service jobs earned the least. (See table 4.)

   --By educational attainment, full-time workers age 25 and over without a high 
     school diploma had median weekly earnings of $440, compared with $629 for 
     high school graduates (no college) and $1,138 for those holding at least a 
     bachelor's degree. Among college graduates with advanced degrees (profes-
     sional or master's degree and above), the highest earning 10 percent of 
     male workers made $3,297 or more per week, compared with $2,178 or more for 
     their female counterparts. (See table 5.)
    
    
    
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
  |                                                                      |
  |           Changes to the Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and           |
  |                     Salary Workers News Release                      |
  |                                                                      |
  | Seasonally adjusted usual weekly earnings data are being introduced  |
  | with this news release. Table 1 contains seasonally adjusted data    |
  | for the number of full-time wage and salary workers, median weekly   |
  | earnings in current dollars, and median weekly earnings in constant  |
  | (1982-84) dollars. These data are available for total (both sexes),  |
  | men, and women. All other data presented in this release are avail-  |
  | able on a not seasonally adjusted basis only. With the addition of   |
  | seasonally adjusted data in a new table 1, unadjusted data previ-    |
  | ously presented in tables numbered 1-5 now are contained in tables   |
  | 2-6. (Note that the base period for all constant dollar series pre-  |
  | sented in this release has changed from 1982 to 1982-84.)            |
  |                                                                      |
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Technical Note


   The estimates in this release were obtained from the Current Pop-
ulation Survey (CPS), which provides basic information on the labor 
force, employment, and unemployment.  The survey is conducted monthly 
for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau from a 
scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 households, 
with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.  The earn-
ings data are collected from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and 
are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincor-
porated self-employed are excluded).  The data, therefore, exclude self-
employment income.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service:  (800) 877-8339.

Reliability

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and non-
sampling error.  When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from
the "true" population values they represent.  The exact difference, or
sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected,
and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of
confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling
errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a
segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.

   A full discussion of the reliability of data from the Current Pop-
ulation Survey and information on estimating standard errors is avail-
able on the BLS Web site www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Definitions

   The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings
series are described briefly below.

   Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes and
other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips
usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders).
Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per
week.  Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the
easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly,
twice monthly, monthly, annually, other) and how much they usually
earn in the reported time period.

   Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a
weekly equivalent.  The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent.
If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are in-
structed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during
the past 4 or 5 months.

   Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings.  The median (or
upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount which divides a
given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having earnings
above the median and the other having earnings below the median.  Ten
percent of a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit of
the first decile (90 percent have higher earnings); 25 percent have
earnings below the upper limit of the first quartile (75 percent have
higher earnings); 75 percent have earnings below the upper limit of
the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings); and 90 percent
have earnings below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent
have higher earnings).
   
   The estimation procedure places each reported or calculated weekly
earnings value into $50-wide intervals which are centered around
multiples of $50.  The actual value is estimated through the linear
interpolation of the interval in which the quantile boundary lies.

   Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile boundaries)
for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements
estimated for the overall quantile boundary.  The most common reasons
for this possible anomaly are:  (1) There could be a change in the rel-
ative weights of the subgroups.  For example, the medians of both 16-
to-24 year olds and those 25 years and over may rise; but if the lower-
earning 16-to-24 group accounts for a greatly increased share of the
total, the overall median could actually fall.  (2) There could be a
large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings,
particularly near a quantile boundary.  This could be caused by survey
observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $250, $300,
or $400.  An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing
such a cluster or "spike" tends to change more slowly than one in other
intervals.

   Wage and salary workers.  Workers who receive wages, salaries, com-
missions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates.  The group includes em-
ployees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of
the earnings series, excludes all self-employed persons, regardless of
whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

   Full-time workers.  Workers who usually work 35 hours or more per
week at their sole or principal job.

   Part-time workers.  Workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours
per week at their sole or principal job.

   Constant dollars.  The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U) is used to convert current dollars to constant (1982-84) dollars.

   Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.  Refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as being Spanish, Hispanic, or
Latino.  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and 
other measures of labor market activity undergo regularly occurring 
fluctuations. These recurring events include seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variations can be very large.

   Because seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each 
year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjust-
ing for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 
developments easier to spot. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 
useful tool with which to analyze changes in quarter-to-quarter activity.

   At the end of each calendar year, the seasonally adjusted data are re-
vised for the past 5 years when the seasonal adjustment factors are updated.  
More information on seasonal adjustment is available on the BLS Web site at 
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.