From June 2018 to September 2018, gross job gains in Idaho totaled 41,148, while gross job losses numbered 42,067, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Richard Holden, the Bureau’s Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations, noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 919. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 3,341.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Idaho’s number of gross job gains decreased by 3,285 during the third quarter of 2018, following a 2,947 decline the previous quarter. Gross job losses rose by 975 in the third quarter of 2018, after rising by 5,099 the previous quarter. The net loss of 919 jobs in the third quarter of 2018 followed three consecutive quarters of net job gains. (See chart 1.)

Gross job gains represented 6.8 percent of private sector employment in Idaho in the third quarter of 2018, while gross job losses accounted for 6.9 percent of employment. Nationally, gross job gains and gross job losses each accounted for 6.0 percent of private employment. (See chart 2.) The rates of both gross job gains and gross job losses in Idaho have been above the U.S. rate each quarter since data became available in 1992.

During the third quarter of 2018, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in five industry sectors in Idaho. For example, within leisure and hospitality, gross job losses exceeded gross jobs gains by 1,175. While 7,699 jobs were gained in opening and expanding establishments in the industry, 8,874 jobs were lost by closing and contracting establishments in the third quarter of 2018. In professional and business services, 6,173 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments, while 7,213 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments. (See table 1.)

In contrast, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in five industry sectors, led by education and health services, where gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 503.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for Fourth Quarter 2018 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 24, 2019.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Idaho, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept 2018	Sept 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept 2018
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	39,562	44,087	47,380	44,433	41,148	6.7	7.4	7.9	7.3	6.8
At expanding establishments	31,432	35,126	37,869	35,434	32,792	5.3	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.4
At opening establishments	8,130	8,961	9,511	8,999	8,356	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.4
Gross job losses	39,690	38,758	35,993	41,092	42,067	6.8	6.6	5.9	6.7	6.9
At contracting establishments	32,781	30,694	29,783	33,753	34,797	5.6	5.2	4.9	5.5	5.7
At closing establishments	6,909	8,064	6,210	7,339	7,270	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-128	5,329	11,387	3,341	-919	-0.1	0.8	2.0	0.6	-0.1
Construction
Gross job gains	4,643	5,953	6,447	5,582	4,780	10.9	13.7	13.9	11.8	10.3
At expanding establishments	3,404	4,524	4,719	4,246	3,314	8.0	10.4	10.2	9.0	7.1
At opening establishments	1,239	1,429	1,728	1,336	1,466	2.9	3.3	3.7	2.8	3.2
Gross job losses	4,993	4,344	3,925	5,250	5,007	11.8	10.0	8.4	11.1	10.8
At contracting establishments	3,946	3,206	3,029	3,926	4,069	9.3	7.4	6.5	8.3	8.8
At closing establishments	1,047	1,138	896	1,324	938	2.5	2.6	1.9	2.8	2.0
Net employment change (2)	-350	1,609	2,522	332	-227	-0.9	3.7	5.5	0.7	-0.5
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	2,299	2,845	2,771	2,280	2,131	3.5	4.2	4.1	3.4	3.1
At expanding establishments	2,097	2,546	2,388	2,012	1,899	3.2	3.8	3.5	3.0	2.8
At opening establishments	202	299	383	268	232	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3
Gross job losses	2,063	1,871	2,443	2,226	2,261	3.1	2.8	3.6	3.3	3.4
At contracting establishments	1,685	1,540	2,288	2,038	2,011	2.5	2.3	3.4	3.0	3.0
At closing establishments	378	331	155	188	250	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.4
Net employment change (2)	236	974	328	54	-130	0.4	1.4	0.5	0.1	-0.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	1,372	1,506	1,537	1,418	1,424	4.7	5.2	5.3	4.9	4.9
At expanding establishments	1,191	1,228	1,201	1,189	1,145	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9
At opening establishments	181	278	336	229	279	0.6	1.0	1.2	0.8	1.0
Gross job losses	1,266	1,270	1,443	1,323	1,159	4.4	4.4	5.0	4.6	3.9
At contracting establishments	1,041	985	1,186	1,096	914	3.6	3.4	4.1	3.8	3.1
At closing establishments	225	285	257	227	245	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	106	236	94	95	265	0.3	0.8	0.3	0.3	1.0
Retail trade
Gross job gains	4,903	4,579	5,102	5,412	5,095	5.7	5.3	6.0	6.2	5.8
At expanding establishments	4,125	3,866	4,447	4,542	4,298	4.8	4.5	5.2	5.2	4.9
At opening establishments	778	713	655	870	797	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.9
Gross job losses	4,679	4,840	4,172	4,894	5,084	5.5	5.7	4.8	5.6	5.9
At contracting establishments	4,005	4,190	3,536	4,386	4,496	4.7	4.9	4.1	5.0	5.2
At closing establishments	674	650	636	508	588	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7
Net employment change (2)	224	-261	930	518	11	0.2	-0.4	1.2	0.6	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	1,460	1,983	1,740	1,454	1,659	7.4	9.9	8.5	7.1	8.0
At expanding establishments	1,317	1,681	1,429	1,093	1,490	6.7	8.4	7.0	5.3	7.2
At opening establishments	143	302	311	361	169	0.7	1.5	1.5	1.8	0.8
Gross job losses	1,337	1,249	1,583	1,514	1,225	6.8	6.2	7.8	7.3	5.9
At contracting establishments	1,076	1,004	1,430	1,285	997	5.5	5.0	7.0	6.2	4.8
At closing establishments	261	245	153	229	228	1.3	1.2	0.8	1.1	1.1
Net employment change (2)	123	734	157	-60	434	0.6	3.7	0.7	-0.2	2.1
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,603	1,903	1,880	2,031	1,716	5.1	6.1	5.9	6.3	5.2
At expanding establishments	1,196	1,380	1,432	1,512	1,250	3.8	4.4	4.5	4.7	3.8
At opening establishments	407	523	448	519	466	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.4
Gross job losses	1,516	1,514	1,477	1,617	1,699	4.9	4.8	4.6	5.0	5.2
At contracting establishments	1,200	1,095	1,057	1,253	1,253	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.9	3.8
At closing establishments	316	419	420	364	446	1.0	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.4
Net employment change (2)	87	389	403	414	17	0.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	5,817	6,523	7,869	7,336	6,173	6.6	7.3	8.6	7.9	6.7
At expanding establishments	4,515	5,082	6,182	5,648	4,633	5.1	5.7	6.8	6.1	5.0
At opening establishments	1,302	1,441	1,687	1,688	1,540	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.7
Gross job losses	6,132	6,029	5,531	7,021	7,213	7.0	6.8	6.0	7.6	7.8
At contracting establishments	4,842	4,676	4,238	5,563	5,716	5.5	5.3	4.6	6.0	6.2
At closing establishments	1,290	1,353	1,293	1,458	1,497	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-315	494	2,338	315	-1,040	-0.4	0.5	2.6	0.3	-1.1
Education and health services
Gross job gains	4,763	5,135	5,935	4,906	4,805	4.9	5.3	6.1	4.9	4.8
At expanding establishments	3,677	4,178	4,474	3,795	3,671	3.8	4.3	4.6	3.8	3.7
At opening establishments	1,086	957	1,461	1,111	1,134	1.1	1.0	1.5	1.1	1.1
Gross job losses	4,430	4,693	3,589	4,872	4,302	4.6	4.9	3.7	4.9	4.3
At contracting establishments	3,476	3,280	2,934	3,748	3,327	3.6	3.4	3.0	3.8	3.3
At closing establishments	954	1,413	655	1,124	975	1.0	1.5	0.7	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	333	442	2,346	34	503	0.3	0.4	2.4	0.0	0.5
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	6,752	8,157	7,892	8,517	7,699	9.0	10.7	10.2	10.9	9.8
At expanding establishments	5,103	6,111	6,349	6,748	6,269	6.8	8.0	8.2	8.6	8.0
At opening establishments	1,649	2,046	1,543	1,769	1,430	2.2	2.7	2.0	2.3	1.8
Gross job losses	7,813	7,090	6,736	7,108	8,874	10.4	9.3	8.7	9.1	11.2
At contracting establishments	6,942	5,861	5,709	5,941	7,577	9.2	7.7	7.4	7.6	9.6
At closing establishments	871	1,229	1,027	1,167	1,297	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-1,061	1,067	1,156	1,409	-1,175	-1.4	1.4	1.5	1.8	-1.4
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,297	1,320	1,338	1,835	1,380	7.6	7.6	7.7	10.4	7.7
At expanding establishments	976	1,004	1,053	1,391	1,113	5.7	5.8	6.1	7.9	6.2
At opening establishments	321	316	285	444	267	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.5	1.5
Gross job losses	1,468	1,292	1,189	1,234	1,556	8.6	7.5	6.9	7.0	8.7
At contracting establishments	1,062	985	952	936	1,231	6.2	5.7	5.5	5.3	6.9
At closing establishments	406	307	237	298	325	2.4	1.8	1.4	1.7	1.8
Net employment change (2)	-171	28	149	601	-176	-1.0	0.1	0.8	3.4	-1.0
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept. 2018	Sept. 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept. 2018
United States(1)	6.0	6.4	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.8	6.0
Alabama	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.7	5.9
Alaska	8.7	9.7	9.8	10.9	8.9	10.8	10.2	8.8	10.7	10.6
Arizona	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.6	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.9	5.0
Arkansas	5.8	6.1	5.4	5.0	6.0	5.5	5.1	5.0	5.6	5.5
California	6.5	6.9	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.3	6.0	5.9	6.3	6.2
Colorado	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.8
Connecticut	5.4	5.3	5.1	5.8	5.2	5.8	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.6
Delaware	6.4	7.0	7.1	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.0	6.6
District of Columbia	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.7	5.5	5.5
Florida	5.8	8.2	6.1	6.5	6.7	7.5	5.3	5.5	6.1	5.7
Georgia	6.2	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.7	6.1	5.6	5.6	6.4	6.2
Hawaii	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.7	4.8	5.5	5.5
Idaho	6.7	7.4	7.9	7.3	6.8	6.8	6.6	5.9	6.7	6.9
Illinois	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.6	5.6	6.0	5.3	5.1	5.5	5.7
Indiana	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.0	5.1	5.5	5.4
Iowa	5.5	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.7
Kansas	6.3	5.9	5.2	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.2	5.5	5.6	5.7
Kentucky	6.0	6.1	6.2	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.6	6.0
Louisiana	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.0	5.8	6.5	6.2
Maine	6.5	7.2	7.2	8.1	6.0	7.5	6.6	7.0	7.1	7.5
Maryland	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.3	5.7	5.8	6.6
Massachusetts	5.4	5.7	5.4	6.1	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.4	6.2
Michigan	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.0	6.0	5.4	4.6	5.1	6.2
Minnesota	5.3	5.8	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.0	5.3	5.7
Mississippi	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.7
Missouri	5.9	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.7	6.0
Montana	7.2	8.5	7.8	8.0	7.2	7.9	7.4	7.1	7.8	7.9
Nebraska	5.9	6.2	5.6	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.8	6.0
Nevada	6.2	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.7	5.8	5.2	5.4	5.8	5.6
New Hampshire	5.5	6.7	6.1	6.7	5.6	6.6	5.9	5.9	6.3	6.8
New Jersey	6.0	6.4	5.6	6.5	6.0	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.3
New Mexico	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.1	5.5	6.2	6.4
New York	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.8	5.6	5.8	6.4
North Carolina	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.6	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.5	6.5
North Dakota	6.7	6.8	7.0	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.3	6.2	6.6
Ohio	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.7	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.7
Oklahoma	6.6	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.6	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.5	6.1
Oregon	6.6	6.8	7.8	6.2	6.2	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.2	6.3
Pennsylvania	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.2
Rhode Island	6.0	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.4
South Carolina	5.8	7.0	5.9	7.5	5.8	6.2	5.3	4.7	6.5	6.5
South Dakota	5.8	6.4	6.4	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.8
Tennessee	5.4	5.9	5.0	5.5	5.8	5.2	4.9	4.8	5.1	5.2
Texas	5.9	6.4	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.4
Utah	7.0	7.0	7.4	6.9	7.3	6.3	5.9	6.0	6.3	6.5
Vermont	6.5	7.4	6.4	7.2	6.9	7.8	6.5	7.0	7.3	7.4
Virginia	5.9	6.3	5.8	6.1	5.6	6.2	5.5	5.2	5.8	6.3
Washington	6.4	6.9	7.2	7.3	6.1	6.4	6.0	5.7	6.3	6.3
West Virginia	6.7	6.3	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.3	6.1	5.8	6.4	6.4
Wisconsin	5.0	5.6	5.6	5.4	5.1	5.7	5.0	4.7	5.5	5.9
Wyoming	8.7	8.7	8.4	8.2	8.2	7.9	8.4	8.0	8.3	8.3
Puerto Rico	4.5	7.1	8.4	8.0	7.2	6.8	11.8	6.8	6.2	5.8
Virgin Islands	4.2	9.2	12.0	12.5	10.9	11.6	28.2	16.8	8.6	6.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.