Consumer Expenditures in 2014

October 2016 | Report 1063

Consumer spending increased 4.7 percent in 2014. This increase reverses the 2013 decline of 0.7 percent. These figures are based on annual data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE). Consumer units’ (CUs) average annual expenditures increased from $51,100 in 2013 to $53,495 in 2014.1 Accompanying the increase in expenditures was an increase in average income before taxes of 4.8 percent between 2014 ($66,877) and 2013 ($63,784). Prices, as measured by the average annual change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U, U.S. city average, all items, base period 1982–1984=100) rose by 1.6 percent in 2014, compared with the 4.7 percent increase in spending.2 In 2013, prices increased by 1.5 percent, compared with the 0.7 percent decrease in spending. This report highlights spending patterns for 2014 from the CE.

Developments in 2014

During 2014, spending increased across the six largest categories of expenditures tracked by CE: food, housing, transportation, healthcare, entertainment, and personal insurance and pensions. (See table A). Expenditures on transportation, food, personal insurance and pensions, and housing rose modestly ranging from a 0.8-percent increase to a 3.8-percent increase. During the same time period, expenditures on entertainment, apparel and services, and healthcare increased substantially, ranging from a 9.9-percent increase to an 18.1-percent increase.3 In 2013, changes in spending varied among these major categories.

Consumer confidence levels also increased in 2014, as reflected by the Consumer Confidence Index of the Conference Board, which registered an index value of 87 (86.900), up from 73 in 2013.4 (The level is an index, with 1985 =100. Levels of 100 or higher reflect greater consumer optimism compared with the base year.) The improvement in consumer confidence coincides with the gradual decline in the unemployment rate in 2014. The annual average monthly unemployment rate fell steadily throughout the year, but still remained above prerecession levels of 4.6 percent in 2006 and 2007.5 According to the Current Population Survey, the 2014 monthly rate fell from 6.6 percent in January to 5.6 percent in December, with an average of 6.2 percent. This compares to an average of 7.4 percent in 2013.6 The number of long-term (27 weeks or more) unemployed individuals, although declining from 4.3 million in 2013 to 3.2 million in 2014, was still higher than prerecession levels (1.2 million in 2007). In addition, consumer confidence may also be reflective of the gradual economic recovery, as evidenced by the 1.2 percent increase in real GDP in 2014.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2011–14
Table A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2011–14
Item2011201220132014Percent change
2011–122012–132013–14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of consumer units (in thousands)122,287124,416125,670127,006---
Consumer unit characteristics: 

Income before taxes

$63,685$65,596$63,784$66,8773.0-2.84.8

Age of reference person

49.750.050.150.3---

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.52.52.5---

Children under 18

0.60.60.60.6---

Adults 65 and older

0.30.30.30.4---

Earners

1.31.31.31.3---

Vehicles

1.91.91.91.9---

Percent homeowner

65646463---
Average annual expenditures$49,705$51,442$51,100$53,4953.5-0.74.7

Food

6,4586,5996,6026,7592.20.02.4

Food at home

3,8383,9213,9773,9712.21.4-0.2

Cereals and bakery products

5315385445191.31.1-4.6

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8328528568922.40.54.2

Dairy products

4074194144232.9-1.22.2

Fruits and vegetables

7157317517562.22.70.7

Other food at home

1,3531,3801,4121,3822.02.3-2.1

Food away from home

2,6202,6782,6252,7872.2-2.06.2

Alcoholic beverages

456451445463-1.1-1.34.0

Housing

16,80316,88717,14817,7980.51.53.8

Shelter

9,8259,89110,08010,4910.71.94.1

Owned dwellings

6,1486,0566,1086,149-1.50.90.7

Rented dwellings

3,0293,1863,3243,6315.24.39.2

Other lodging

6486496497100.20.09.4

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,7273,6483,7373,921-2.12.44.9

Household operations

1,1221,1591,1441,1743.3-1.32.6

Housekeeping supplies

615610645632-0.85.7-2.0

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5141,5801,5421,5814.4-2.42.5

Apparel and services

1,7401,7361,6041,786-0.2-7.611.3

Transportation

8,2938,9989,0049,0738.50.10.8

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

2,6693,2103,2713,30120.31.90.9

Gasoline and motor oil

2,6552,7562,6112,4683.8-5.3-5.5

Other vehicle expenses

2,4542,4902,5842,7231.53.85.4

Public and other transportation

5165425375815.0-0.98.2

Healthcare

3,3133,5563,6314,2907.32.118.1

Entertainment

2,5722,6052,4822,7281.3-4.79.9

Personal care products and services

634628608645-0.9-3.26.1

Reading

115109102103-5.2-6.41.0

Education

1,0511,2071,1381,23614.8-5.78.6

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

351332330319-5.4-0.6-3.3

Miscellaneous

7758296457827.0-22.221.2

Cash contributions

1,7211,9131,8341,78811.2-4.1-2.5

Personal insurance and pensions

5,4245,5915,5285,7263.1-1.13.6

Life and other personal insurance

31735331932711.4-9.62.5

Pensions and Social Security

5,1065,2385,2095,3992.6-0.63.6
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Expenditure shares

Table B provides the percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major expenditure categories for all CUs from 2010 to 2014. Expenditure shares usually do not fluctuate much in the short term and thus are more useful for identifying spending trends over time. As in previous years, housing was the largest component of overall expenditures, accounting for 33.3 percent of total expenditures in 2014. Housing expenditures were followed by transportation (17.0 percent) and food expenditures (12.6 percent). The most notable changes in expenditure shares between 2013 and 2014 were in healthcare and transportation, with healthcare increasing to 8.0 percent from 7.1 percent of expenditures. Transportation decreased to 17.0 percent from 17.6 percent, in part due to lower expenditures on gasoline and motor oil. Also of note, apparel and services, whose share of household expenditures shrunk over the 2011–12 and 2012–13 periods, increased in 2014 to 3.3 percent. Personal insurance and pensions continued a downward trend as a percentage of total expenditures decreasing to 10.7 percent from 10.8 percent.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table B. Percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major category for all consumer units, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2010–14
Table B. Percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major category for all consumer units, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2010–14
Spending category20102011201220132014
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average annual expenditures100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Food

12.713.012.812.912.6

Food at home

7.57.77.67.87.4

Food away from home

5.25.35.25.15.2

Alcoholic beverages

0.90.90.90.90.9

Housing

34.433.832.833.633.3

Shelter

20.419.819.219.719.6

Utilities, fuels, and public services

7.67.57.17.37.3

Household operations

2.12.32.32.22.2

Housekeeping supplies

1.31.21.21.31.2

Household furnishings and equipment

3.03.03.13.03.0

Apparel and services

3.53.53.43.13.3

Transportation

16.016.717.517.617.0

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

5.45.46.26.46.2

Gasoline and motor oil

4.45.35.45.14.6

Other vehicle expenses

5.14.94.85.15.1

Public and other transportation

1.01.01.11.11.1

Healthcare

6.66.76.97.18.0

Entertainment

5.25.25.14.95.1

Personal care products and services

1.21.31.21.21.2

Reading

0.20.20.20.20.2

Education

2.22.12.32.22.3

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

0.80.70.60.60.6

Miscellaneous

1.81.61.61.31.5

Cash contributions

3.43.53.73.63.3

Personal insurance and pensions

11.210.910.910.810.7

Life and other personal insurance

0.70.60.70.60.6

Pensions and Social Security

10.510.310.210.210.1
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing

Average expenditures on mortgage interest and charges for homeowners decreased in 2014. Homeowners spent 19.1 percent less on this component of housing in 2014 ($4,691) than they did in 2007 ($5,799). This is likely the result of the continuing trend of lower interest rates, which has been in place since the recession that began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009.

In addition, while the recession led to an overall trend of fewer CUs owning homes, the CE reported a reversal of this trend in 2013, as the number of homeowners increased from 79.9 million in 2012 to 80.1 million in 2013. However, the declining trend of homeownership reasserted itself in 2014 as the number of homeowners declined to 79.6 million. This level was below the prerecession level of 80.2 million homeowners in 2007 (66.8 percent of all CUs in that year). In percentage terms, homeownership dropped from 63.7 percent in 2013 to 62.7 percent in 2014. Declining homeownership is even more evident from the increase in the number of renters since 2007. In 2007, there were 39.9 million renters, compared with 47.4 million in 2014. According to the CPI-U, rents for primary residences have increased 17.7 percent since 2007. During the 2007–14 time span, the average annual rental payments reported in the CE increased 23.6 percent ($9,559 in 2014, compared with $7,732 in 2007), reflecting the increase in demand for rental units.

Gasoline

Average expenditures on gasoline decreased again in 2014. CUs spent 5.5 percent less in 2014 ($2,284) than they did in 2013 ($2,418), reflecting the declining oil and gasoline prices of the second half of 2014. Chart 1 shows the percentage change in expenditures on gasoline and the price of gasoline between 2007 and 2014. With the exception of 2010, the change in consumer spending is similar to the change in prices. For 2014, the percentage decline in spending on gasoline was larger (5.5 percent) than the drop in the CPI index for gasoline (3.9 percent). For a more detailed discussion of gasoline prices and consumption, see https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-5/using-gasoline-data-to-explain-inelasticity.htm.

Gasoline expenditures decreased in every income quintile in 2014. The fifth (highest) quintile had the largest percentage decrease in expenditures from 2013 to 2014, a decline of 7.0 percent to $3,438 from $3,699. By age of reference person, all but one age group (75 years and older, up 4.4 percent to $1,180) decreased spending in 2014. The largest percentage decrease was in the 25–34 age group (down 8.1 percent to $2,299), followed by the 55–64 age group (down 7.9 percent to $2,381).

image of chart 1

Expenditures by income quintile

Spending increased across all five income quintiles between 2013 and 2014. This reversed the declines seen in four of the five income quintiles in 2013. (See chart 2). The lowest quintile increased spending by 5.9 percent in 2014, while the second through fifth quintiles increased spending between 2.7 and 6.8 percent. Further details on spending by income quintile can be seen in table C.

image for chart 2

All income quintiles showed higher spending on food away from home, housing, healthcare, and entertainment in 2014 relative to 2013. (See table C). Among these categories, healthcare expenditures increased most significantly, with the four highest quintiles reporting percent increases between 14.1 and 25.4 percent. Apparel and services spending declined for the fourth income quintile, and spending on personal insurance and pensions declined for the second quintile, but all other quintiles increased spending on both these categories. Results were more mixed for the categories of food at home, transportation, and cash contributions, with three of five quintiles in each showing decreases in spending. The category of all other expenditures increased for all quintiles.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table C. Dollar change and percent change in average annual expenditures on major categories by income quintile, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2013–14
Table C. Dollar change and percent change in average annual expenditures on major categories by income quintile, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2013–14
ItemLowestSecondThirdFourthHighest
DollarPercentDollarPercentDollarPercentDollarPercentDollarPercent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average annual expenditure change 
Total$1,3205.9$9873.0$2,9006.8$1,5752.7$5,1265.2
Food120.3-27-0.62644.61241.64113.7

At home

-8-0.3-83-2.6641.8190.4-19-0.3

Away from home

201.8553.52009.41043.34308.4
Housing6807.65144.36404.34842.59112.9
Apparel and services628.6827.920215.2-9-0.556918.6
Transportation2286.9-160-2.74045.0-64-0.6-72-0.4
Healthcare784.440214.165119.369615.9146425.4
Entertainment10610.615010.636818.41023.64969.7
Cash contributions-71-12.3807.61158.8-182-8.7-177-4.3
Personal insurance and pensions388.2-59-3.6571.61522.37895.1
All other expenditures1869.870.41998.32738.173310.8
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Food

Food expenditures increased for all but the second quintile in 2014. This differs from 2013, where food expenditures increased for only the lowest two quintiles. The third quintile registered the largest percentage increase in food expenditures, an increase of 4.6 percent from $5,728 in 2013 to $5,992 in 2014. This reflected a 1.8-percent increase in food at home spending and a 9.4-percent increase in food away from home expenditures. The upper two quintiles had increases in overall food expenditures of 1.6 and 3.7 percent, respectively. This contrasts with decreases of 2.2 percent and 1.3 percent in 2013. Again, these were due to larger increases in food away from home expenditures of 3.3 percent and 8.4 percent, reversing the declines of 2.0 percent and 4.5 percent in 2013. Food at home expenditures for the lowest two quintiles did not change much, down 0.3 and 2.6 percent respectively, but like the upper three quintiles, food away from home expenditure increased, up 1.8 percent and 3.5 percent.

There was an increase in food expenditures in all but the youngest (under 25, which declined 5.9 percent) age group in 2014. The 25–34 age group had the highest percentage increase in overall food expenditures from 2013, with spending rising 7.0 percent in 2014. Middle-age groups exhibited relatively modest increases in spending—1.8 percent (age 35–44), 1.7 percent (age 45–54), and 1.3 (age 54–65)—while the older age groups experienced larger increases of 4.7 percent (age 65–74) and 4.9 percent (age 75 and older). Results were more mixed for 2013, with three age groups showing declines.

Notes

1 For the definition of Consumer Unit, see: https://www.bls.gov/cex/csxfaqs.htm#q3.
2 For more information regarding the Consumer Price Index data, see: https://www.bls.gov/cpi/.
3 A change in healthcare collection methods was made in 2013. For more information, please see the explanation in the 2014 new release: https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/cesan_09032015.htm.
4 For more information regarding the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Survey, see: http://future.aae.wisc.edu/data/monthly_values/by_area/998?area=US.
5 According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, the recession started in December 2007 and ended in June 2009. See: http://www.nber.org/cycles.html.
6 For more information about the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey see: https://www.bls.gov/cps/ and for the CPS monthly unemployment rate data, see: https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000.
7 For more information on the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s 2013 real GDP release, see: http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/2014/gdp4q13_3rd.htm.

Statistical Tables

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Quintiles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 1. Quintiles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsLowest 20 percentSecond 20 percentThird 20 percentFourth 20 percentHighest 20 percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00625,36425,38425,49925,34925,410

Lower limit

(1)(1)$18,362$35,681$59,549$99,620

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$10,308$27,028$47,056$76,988$172,952

Age of reference person

50.351.153.649.848.348.5

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.51.72.22.52.83.2

Children under 18

.6.4.5.6.7.8

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.5.4.3.2

Earners

1.3.5.81.31.72.1

Vehicles

1.9.91.41.92.32.8

Percent homeowner

633953617486

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$23,713$33,546$45,395$60,417$104,363

Food

6,7593,6674,7545,9927,77911,595

Food at home

3,9712,5063,1383,6704,5016,039

Cereals and bakery products

519344411479577783

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8925747388351,0231,288

Dairy products

423268327410476635

Fruits and vegetables

7564525906908561,190

Other food at home

1,3828671,0731,2571,5692,143

Food away from home

2,7871,1621,6162,3223,2775,555

Alcoholic beverages

4631782113415331,049

Housing

17,7989,64312,50815,44819,56831,812

Shelter

10,4915,8737,2438,91311,28619,133

Owned dwellings

6,1491,9253,0174,4367,17514,190

Rented dwellings

3,6313,7793,9794,0983,4502,849

Other lodging

7101692483796602,095

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9212,3873,2303,8054,5055,674

Household operations

1,1744656388021,2292,736

Housekeeping supplies

6323255015457571,032

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5815938961,3841,7923,236

Apparel and services

1,7867861,1221,5341,8583,625

Transportation

9,0733,5555,6968,47510,84416,788

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3011,1491,7373,2073,9056,503

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,1601,8422,4373,1113,789

Other vehicle expenses

2,7231,0401,8682,4193,2455,039

Public and other transportation

5812072504125831,456

Healthcare

4,2901,8683,2524,0265,0827,219

Entertainment

2,7281,1081,5662,3652,9685,629

Personal care products and services

6452974325427241,230

Reading

103487184112201

Education

1,2369224165921,0223,227

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319275330348363280

Miscellaneous

7823604596769041,510

Cash contributions

1,7885061,1341,4191,9133,966

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7265011,5943,5536,74616,232

Life and other personal insurance

32787172206344828

Pensions and Social Security

5,3994141,4233,3486,40215,403

(1) Not applicable

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Not applicable

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 2. Income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsLess than $5,000$5,000 to $9,999$10,000 to $14,999$15,000 to $19,999$20,000 to $29,999$30,000 to $39,999$40,000 to $49,999$50,000 to $69,999$70,000 and more
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,0066,1154,9808,2438,24314,91613,12211,08618,03642,265

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$2,392$7,987$12,876$17,411$24,946$34,701$44,679$59,111$137,249

Age of reference person

50.345.646.054.856.653.752.049.349.148.4

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.51.61.81.61.82.12.32.52.63.0

Children under 18

.6.3.5.3.4.5.6.6.6.8

Adults 65 and older

.4.2.2.4.5.5.5.4.4.2

Earners

1.3.5.5.4.5.81.01.31.51.9

Vehicles

1.9.8.8.81.11.41.61.82.12.6

Percent homeowner

63333041515157596782

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$23,570$20,818$22,862$27,324$32,048$37,846$43,775$51,242$87,962

Food

6,7593,6183,3143,4733,9394,4325,1945,9366,48610,116

Food at home

3,9712,3902,3052,4702,6472,9513,3393,6883,9255,427

Cereals and bakery products

519306298354377385444486503700

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8925775365825707107558338981,185

Dairy products

423245239262298313337416439568

Fruits and vegetables

7564584064294805576277067341,055

Other food at home

1,3828048268429219861,1761,2481,3521,919

Food away from home

2,7871,2271,0091,0031,2931,4811,8552,2472,5614,689

Alcoholic beverages

463221133140198192252323385850

Housing

17,7989,5438,9599,42610,81412,12913,53915,13817,02827,290

Shelter

10,4916,0485,5895,6876,2907,0617,7908,8829,79916,233

Owned dwellings

6,1491,9241,6171,8672,4022,7953,5814,1985,55611,606

Rented dwellings

3,6313,9813,8583,6393,6764,0543,8784,2733,8123,072

Other lodging

7101441141812122113314104311,555

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9212,2562,0652,4162,8183,1693,4773,7354,1135,258

Household operations

1,1743714054656156396817459602,172

Housekeeping supplies

632278264361358449535527630920

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5815906354967318101,0561,2491,5272,708

Apparel and services

1,7869306677417919601,3211,5181,6022,928

Transportation

9,0733,2763,0903,5384,2035,7496,4358,2899,48814,579

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3019801,1791,2531,1951,9061,9703,1513,4425,582

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,1171,0451,1251,3921,7372,1752,3882,7393,558

Other vehicle expenses

2,7239886949871,3501,8631,9692,3362,8294,325

Public and other transportation

5811911721732672443204144791,114

Healthcare

4,2901,5681,3001,8222,8163,1243,5393,7094,7026,417

Entertainment

2,7281,0859911,0471,2841,4071,9692,1312,5484,655

Personal care products and services

6452952382933444114825285701,048

Reading

1033732427562807892171

Education

1,2361,5478627985043675304447642,394

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319267287257291336345331356315

Miscellaneous

7824982402034893915777268331,248

Cash contributions

1,7884443734898001,1081,2161,3401,6433,193

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262403325947751,3802,3663,2844,74312,758

Life and other personal insurance

327844581127131227206251648

Pensions and Social Security

5,3991562885146481,2492,1393,0784,49212,111

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Higher income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 3. Higher income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsLess than $70,000$70,000 to $79,999$80,000 to $99,999$100,000 and more$100,000to $119,999$120,000 to $149,999$150,000 and more
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00684,7416,7719,86925,6258,2716,33211,022

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$31,778$74,748$88,881$172,392$108,773$133,145$242,681

Age of reference person

50.351.248.648.148.547.948.448.9

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.22.82.83.23.13.23.2

Children under 18

.6.5.7.7.8.8.8.8

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.3.3.2.2.2.2

Earners

1.3.91.71.82.11.92.12.1

Vehicles

1.91.52.22.52.82.62.82.8

Percent homeowner

6353727886818889

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$36,081$58,466$67,058$104,244$78,461$92,162$130,513

Food

6,7594,9837,3258,63011,5989,54010,72213,659

Food at home

3,9713,1964,0225,0066,0365,3066,0546,555

Cereals and bakery products

519423511639784684797848

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8927359271,1441,2811,1911,2871,343

Dairy products

423346432506638567649682

Fruits and vegetables

7565967499581,1911,0311,1931,304

Other food at home

1,3821,0971,4031,7592,1431,8332,1272,377

Food away from home

2,7871,7873,3033,6245,5624,2344,6687,105

Alcoholic beverages

4632585415961,0567707911,435

Housing

17,79813,03719,19321,34031,76024,19827,92139,632

Shelter

10,4917,62711,14212,29119,09614,13916,16724,498

Owned dwellings

6,1493,4276,9178,25214,1369,92812,27018,367

Rented dwellings

3,6313,9103,5863,2312,8753,3102,6162,698

Other lodging

7102896398072,0849011,2813,433

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9213,2534,5484,6965,6625,0295,4476,261

Household operations

1,1746761,2101,4072,7231,6892,2023,799

Housekeeping supplies

6324785998881,0309689481,129

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,0031,6942,0583,2492,3733,1573,945

Apparel and services

1,7861,1841,6242,2033,6292,4893,2224,718

Transportation

9,0736,30610,67311,59316,81513,81615,95019,544

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3012,1633,9334,3106,5085,5976,2567,337

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,9252,9863,3253,7993,6073,8493,914

Other vehicle expenses

2,7231,9033,2593,3085,0513,8194,8046,102

Public and other transportation

5813154966491,4577941,0412,192

Healthcare

4,2903,2264,8415,4707,2055,8787,1558,232

Entertainment

2,7281,7483,1113,3015,6254,1834,8847,112

Personal care products and services

6454386868481,2349391,1761,483

Reading

10369111132202155181249

Education

1,2366578221,3523,2151,6912,2724,903

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319321378350284366304210

Miscellaneous

7825486659891,5051,1091,4011,868

Cash contributions

1,7881,0881,7602,2333,9412,7522,8165,479

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262,2186,7358,02116,17510,57413,36721,990

Life and other personal insurance

3271673234268185206941,114

Pensions and Social Security

5,3992,0516,4127,59515,35610,05412,67320,876

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Age of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 4. Age of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsUnder 25 years25-34 years35-44 years45-54 years55-64 years65 years and older65-74 years75 years and older
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,0068,40520,59421,77823,55623,46629,20716,64812,559

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$30,081$61,042$84,094$87,859$75,241$45,100$52,366$35,467

Age of reference person

50.321.629.739.649.859.374.268.881.4

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.12.83.32.82.21.81.91.6

Children under 18

.6.41.01.4.6.2.1.1(1)

Adults 65 and older

.4(1)(1)(1).1.11.41.41.4

Earners

1.31.31.51.61.71.3.5.7.3

Vehicles

1.91.11.61.92.22.11.71.91.4

Percent homeowner

631139587077808180

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$32,179$49,547$62,512$65,651$56,267$43,635$48,885$36,673

Food

6,7594,4236,6328,0638,0386,8005,4636,3034,349

Food at home

3,9712,4973,7114,6754,6444,1093,3993,7352,952

Cereals and bakery products

519367460622611503468504419

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8925478521,0461,079923725810611

Dairy products

423263399498484431376404340

Fruits and vegetables

756449719882848778685742609

Other food at home

1,3828721,2831,6261,6231,4751,1451,275973

Food away from home

2,7871,9262,9213,3883,3942,6912,0642,5671,397

Alcoholic beverages

463303529505559457354455219

Housing

17,79811,45917,40421,22220,78118,00614,77915,83813,375

Shelter

10,4917,89310,72612,87312,39710,1838,0058,4987,350

Owned dwellings

6,1491,1064,2107,6678,2936,9735,4445,9454,781

Rented dwellings

3,6316,5686,1444,6153,1432,0981,9071,7322,139

Other lodging

7102193725929611,112653821431

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9211,9493,3194,3094,6444,3113,7263,9663,408

Household operations

1,1744501,4331,7221,0769511,0489391,192

Housekeeping supplies

632229492629734782652723557

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5819391,4341,6901,9301,7781,3481,711868

Apparel and services

1,7861,2851,9142,2502,2471,7891,1011,417683

Transportation

9,0736,1678,90810,61711,2309,3216,9428,3385,091

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3012,6423,5513,9814,1263,1282,2822,9221,434

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,6872,4472,9863,0442,5941,7572,1171,279

Other vehicle expenses

2,7231,5212,3862,9673,3832,9672,4002,6572,059

Public and other transportation

581317523683678633503642320

Healthcare

4,2901,1032,6594,0334,4974,9585,8495,9565,708

Entertainment

2,7281,3192,4183,3723,1842,8522,4032,9881,626

Personal care products and services

645307533741793674609692499

Reading

10344758693123145152135

Education

1,2362,7211,0871,2332,2831,044225318102

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319250281324408401225307116

Miscellaneous

7822045718581,086802780807745

Cash contributions

1,7883251,0661,5912,0741,9412,5122,1552,985

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262,2695,4727,6178,3787,0982,2493,1601,040

Life and other personal insurance

32729131335420520315372240

Pensions and Social Security

5,3992,2405,3417,2817,9586,5781,9332,788800

(1) Value is too small to display.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Value is too small to display.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Size of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 5. Size of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsOne personTwo or more people
TotalTwo peopleThree peopleFour peopleFive or more people
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00637,88489,12241,64718,77716,12612,571

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$33,487$81,071$73,312$80,481$94,003$91,067

Age of reference person

50.353.349.054.946.142.242.3

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.51.03.12.03.04.05.7

Children under 18

.6(1).8.1.71.52.7

Adults 65 and older

.4.3.4.6.2.1.1

Earners

1.3.61.61.21.71.92.2

Vehicles

1.91.02.22.12.22.22.4

Percent homeowner

63496973656465

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$31,987$62,528$57,429$61,526$71,481$69,505

Food

6,7593,6378,0296,9057,9119,6419,921

Food at home

3,9712,1014,7303,8604,7235,7656,354

Cereals and bakery products

519279616487596781874

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8924181,0848491,1081,3201,539

Dairy products

423232501415490618656

Fruits and vegetables

7563969027449031,1031,171

Other food at home

1,3827761,6281,3651,6271,9442,114

Food away from home

2,7871,5363,2993,0453,1893,8763,567

Alcoholic beverages

463322520603455527323

Housing

17,79812,34820,10218,28019,92423,21722,405

Shelter

10,4918,05711,52510,58211,32213,40612,539

Owned dwellings

6,1493,6007,2336,6407,0618,4157,938

Rented dwellings

3,6314,0983,4332,9253,6304,1403,913

Other lodging

7103598591,017631851688

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9212,4484,5464,0704,5964,9805,494

Household operations

1,1746391,4011,0601,4712,0141,639

Housekeeping supplies

632359743691708834852

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5818441,8871,8771,8281,9831,881

Apparel and services

1,7868022,1871,7542,2852,6912,847

Transportation

9,0734,61710,95710,09410,54712,63112,286

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3011,4704,0793,8073,5764,9984,552

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,3002,9652,5523,0063,4063,705

Other vehicle expenses

2,7231,5103,2272,9943,3463,5163,457

Public and other transportation

581337686741618710571

Healthcare

4,2902,5175,0435,3984,7044,8294,646

Entertainment

2,7281,6223,1912,9913,0253,6313,542

Personal care products and services

645400747718729876698

Reading

103711171401009594

Education

1,2368491,4009841,7331,7851,787

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319232356336407361341

Miscellaneous

7826028597511,0521,011728

Cash contributions

1,7881,4281,9412,2591,5471,6091,900

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262,5407,0806,2147,1088,5777,987

Life and other personal insurance

327136409413396469337

Pensions and Social Security

5,3992,4056,6715,8026,7128,1087,649

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Composition of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 6. Composition of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsMarried couple consumer unitsOne parent, at least one child under 18Single person and other consumer units
TotalMarried couple onlyMarried couple with childrenOther married couple consumer units
TotalOldest child under 6Oldest child 6 to 17Oldest child 18 or older
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00661,05127,38628,1695,42313,8528,8945,4957,35558,601

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$93,538$82,947$104,480$93,320$104,633$111,047$90,225$36,552$42,908

Age of reference person

50.351.159.143.332.341.153.451.339.150.8

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.53.22.04.03.54.23.94.93.01.7

Children under 18

.6.8(1)1.51.52.2.61.41.8.2

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.8.1(1)(1).2.6(1).3

Earners

1.31.61.22.01.61.72.52.31.0.9

Vehicles

1.92.52.42.52.02.33.02.71.11.3

Percent homeowner

63788474637283743350

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$70,196$63,462$77,072$70,115$78,763$78,398$68,909$39,979$37,696

Food

6,7598,8167,4919,9238,53810,3649,91010,0145,9204,679

Food at home

3,9715,1304,1685,8644,9686,0595,9716,3813,8372,758

Cereals and bakery products

519668527783588841778811531359

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8921,1609111,3531,0391,3841,4541,470938601

Dairy products

423550445637598654627642389293

Fruits and vegetables

7569968231,1181,0291,1451,1151,274651513

Other food at home

1,3821,7561,4621,9731,7142,0341,9972,1841,327992

Food away from home

2,7873,6863,3234,0593,5704,3063,9383,6342,0831,921

Alcoholic beverages

463576670511449497570417225371

Housing

17,79821,89619,35824,53325,81025,29522,60721,02915,17513,843

Shelter

10,49112,33810,81213,99913,92214,88812,66211,4299,0778,743

Owned dwellings

6,1498,6507,6599,8489,15110,4229,3797,4463,3373,897

Rented dwellings

3,6312,6381,9163,2234,3153,4242,2443,2335,4654,436

Other lodging

7101,0511,2379284561,0431,039750276410

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9214,8614,3825,2054,1565,1775,8875,4843,5002,994

Household operations

1,1741,6181,1222,1454,2752,0351,0171,3901,074724

Housekeeping supplies

632864814899829870984944500402

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5812,2152,2282,2852,6282,3232,0571,7821,023981

Apparel and services

1,7862,3951,8802,8372,7013,1432,3962,7871,7621,143

Transportation

9,07312,29311,12813,32711,94912,72515,12112,8346,7935,995

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3014,6104,1924,9904,9804,6335,5544,7392,5762,029

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4683,2472,7623,6572,9373,6754,0703,5591,9491,722

Other vehicle expenses

2,7233,6463,3193,9233,3463,6294,7443,8971,9781,843

Public and other transportation

581790855756686789753639291401

Healthcare

4,2906,0266,5495,6424,7465,5176,3835,3892,0422,761

Entertainment

2,7283,6893,3814,0773,0824,6893,6483,2401,7791,837

Personal care products and services

645835808870704933856797555456

Reading

10313315911574122128926577

Education

1,2361,6351,0762,2751,0512,2183,1051,139862867

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319322305295224232434546247325

Miscellaneous

7829438091,0788421,2111,000921599636

Cash contributions

1,7882,3132,7931,9601,5972,1041,9561,7329621,345

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7268,3257,0539,6318,3479,71210,2867,9732,9923,361

Life and other personal insurance

327526546520307531634461123145

Pensions and Social Security

5,3997,7996,5079,1108,0409,1829,6527,5122,8683,216

(1) Value is too small to display.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Value is too small to display.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Number of earners in consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 7. Number of earners in consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsSingle consumersConsumer units of two or more people
No earnerOne earnerNo earnerOne earnerTwo earnersThree or more earners
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00615,88022,00413,10726,81438,76610,434

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$19,064$43,895$33,860$62,019$100,216$118,209

Age of reference person

50.366.643.865.248.344.447.4

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.51.01.02.33.03.04.4

Children under 18

.6(1)(1).31.1.81.0

Adults 65 and older

.4.6.11.3.4.1.1

Earners

1.3(1)1.0n.a.1.02.03.4

Vehicles

1.9.91.11.81.92.33.0

Percent homeowner

63574375617075

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$25,565$36,585$43,418$54,929$69,785$79,382

Food

6,7593,1353,9826,1407,4158,54210,218

Food at home

3,9712,0802,1154,0604,6084,7136,075

Cereals and bakery products

519291271534599620764

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8924284119421,0701,0551,440

Dairy products

423226236429497499616

Fruits and vegetables

7564003947708888941,155

Other food at home

1,3827348041,3851,5541,6472,099

Food away from home

2,7871,0561,8662,0802,8083,8284,143

Alcoholic beverages

463148442322394660566

Housing

17,79810,62813,58814,65418,48022,30522,920

Shelter

10,4916,4349,2287,64910,52913,12413,012

Owned dwellings

6,1493,0893,9684,8305,9648,5538,607

Rented dwellings

3,6313,0524,8532,0903,8293,6083,449

Other lodging

710293407729736963956

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9212,4582,4423,9224,2314,6195,873

Household operations

1,1747015941,0081,1411,7721,181

Housekeeping supplies

632373350677758721880

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5816639741,3981,8212,0691,974

Apparel and services

1,7866329201,2032,0652,4242,882

Transportation

9,0733,0305,7647,5899,28312,07015,458

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3016952,0302,7473,4264,5255,778

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4688281,6411,9152,5643,2404,291

Other vehicle expenses

2,7231,2441,7042,3792,7323,5184,593

Public and other transportation

581263389548562788796

Healthcare

4,2903,0452,1366,0794,5174,9345,506

Entertainment

2,7281,3161,8372,4692,9333,4353,859

Personal care products and services

645333447576668811929

Reading

103826214697121117

Education

1,2366749754411,1771,5522,615

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319201253297341351490

Miscellaneous

782578619687829929884

Cash contributions

1,7881,4661,4012,2381,7682,0041,781

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262954,1615784,9629,64711,155

Life and other personal insurance

327149126293353455525

Pensions and Social Security

5,3991464,0352854,6099,19210,630

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Housing tenure and type of area: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 8. Housing tenure and type of area: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsHousing tenureType of area
HomeownerRenterUrbanRural
TotalHomeowner with mortgageHomeowner without mortgageTotalCentral CityOther Urban
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00679,59646,37933,21847,409116,19238,60877,58410,813

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$82,233$97,309$61,184$41,095$68,306$58,929$72,972$51,525

Age of reference person

50.355.349.763.141.949.946.951.454.2

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.62.82.22.32.52.32.52.5

Children under 18

.6.6.8.3.7.6.5.6.6

Adults 65 and older

.4.5.3.8.2.3.3.4.5

Earners

1.31.31.6.91.21.31.21.31.2

Vehicles

1.92.32.42.11.21.81.42.02.4

Percent homeowner

63100100100n.a.61476879

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$62,226$70,807$49,737$38,749$54,436$48,454$57,358$43,212

Food

6,7597,6048,1396,5835,3056,8526,3197,0955,669

Food at home

3,9714,4144,6433,9553,2084,0033,7034,1393,594

Cereals and bakery products

519579602532416521478540499

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8929871,041877727893821925875

Dairy products

423471492428341424388440415

Fruits and vegetables

756839876765612772752780570

Other food at home

1,3821,5391,6321,3531,1121,3941,2651,4531,235

Food away from home

2,7873,1903,4962,6282,0972,8482,6162,9562,075

Alcoholic beverages

463548613423316476467481306

Housing

17,79819,66623,76213,93614,64618,28717,24118,79512,522

Shelter

10,49110,82014,2086,0909,93710,90710,83010,9456,014

Owned dwellings

6,1499,74413,0835,0821146,3134,9406,9964,392

Rented dwellings

3,631100861219,5593,8635,3953,1011,140

Other lodging

7109761,039888264732496849482

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9214,6795,0094,2192,6463,9233,3964,1853,895

Household operations

1,1741,4551,6651,1597021,2181,1131,271694

Housekeeping supplies

632759766744413635532681597

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,9522,1141,7249481,6041,3691,7131,322

Apparel and services

1,7862,0302,2941,5451,3651,8371,7661,8691,191

Transportation

9,07310,47511,7068,7546,7119,1027,5989,8438,772

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3013,7224,2612,9692,5953,3092,7323,5963,220

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,8513,2012,3621,8262,4361,9202,6942,810

Other vehicle expenses

2,7233,2073,5092,7821,9002,7432,3092,9522,504

Public and other transportation

581695734642390614637602238

Healthcare

4,2905,5675,4955,6742,1444,2903,4024,7314,289

Entertainment

2,7283,3503,7572,7061,6752,7252,2972,9312,750

Personal care products and services

645760814677450663631677450

Reading

103129124136591049810794

Education

1,2361,3431,7297971,0551,3191,2501,352342

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319301287319351303250329494

Miscellaneous

7829481,018866503794661861647

Cash contributions

1,7882,3262,0752,6758861,8251,4742,0001,386

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7267,1798,9944,6453,2865,8595,0006,2864,300

Life and other personal insurance

327447502370126326248365341

Pensions and Social Security

5,3996,7328,4924,2753,1605,5334,7525,9213,959

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Race of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 9. Race of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsWhite and all other races, and AsianBlack or African-American
TotalWhite and all other races(1)Asian
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,006110,709105,0825,62716,297

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$70,131$69,147$88,517$44,769

Age of reference person

50.350.651.043.948.1

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.52.52.82.5

Children under 18

.6.6.6.7.7

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.4.3.2

Earners

1.31.31.31.51.2

Vehicles

1.91.92.01.51.2

Percent homeowner

6365664844

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$55,691$55,308$62,784$38,543

Food

6,7597,0807,0278,0444,555

Food at home

3,9714,1194,1174,1562,960

Cereals and bakery products

519540540540377

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8929008931,024833

Dairy products

423450457330240

Fruits and vegetables

7567887751,007537

Other food at home

1,3821,4421,4521,255973

Food away from home

2,7872,9612,9103,8881,595

Alcoholic beverages

463503510372187

Housing

17,79818,29918,07822,44514,383

Shelter

10,49110,79210,54815,3418,442

Owned dwellings

6,1496,5296,4508,0053,565

Rented dwellings

3,6313,4853,3326,3364,626

Other lodging

7107787661,000250

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9213,9323,9533,5353,843

Household operations

1,1741,2341,2161,577765

Housekeeping supplies

632661670500431

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,6801,6901,492902

Apparel and services

1,7861,8231,7752,6831,531

Transportation

9,0739,4069,4139,2796,812

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3013,4643,5162,4962,194

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,5342,5492,2602,019

Other vehicle expenses

2,7232,7952,7852,9752,232

Public and other transportation

5816135631,548366

Healthcare

4,2904,5654,5963,9862,424

Entertainment

2,7282,8662,9032,2051,782

Personal care products and services

645662659710532

Reading

1031121138743

Education

1,2361,3021,2342,585785

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319332343136232

Miscellaneous

782829836686465

Cash contributions

1,7881,8651,8851,4781,268

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7266,0475,9388,0893,546

Life and other personal insurance

327342343327225

Pensions and Social Security

5,3995,7055,5947,7623,321

(1) All other races includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and approximately 1 percent reporting more than one race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) All other races includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and approximately 1 percent reporting more than one race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 10. Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsHispanic or LatinoNot Hispanic or Latino
TotalWhite and all other racesBlack or African-American
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00616,283110,72394,72316,000

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$53,054$68,910$72,984$44,790

Age of reference person

50.343.951.251.748.1

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.53.22.42.32.5

Children under 18

.61.0.5.5.7

Adults 65 and older

.4.2.4.4.2

Earners

1.31.51.21.21.2

Vehicles

1.91.61.92.01.2

Percent homeowner

6344656944

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$45,561$54,661$57,403$38,356

Food

6,7596,8806,7417,1194,467

Food at home

3,9714,3033,9234,0902,914

Cereals and bakery products

519523518542374

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8921,128857863820

Dairy products

423428423454231

Fruits and vegetables

756869739775523

Other food at home

1,3821,3561,3861,455966

Food away from home

2,7872,5772,8183,0291,553

Alcoholic beverages

463304486537181

Housing

17,79816,20718,03118,64914,365

Shelter

10,4919,90910,57610,9408,423

Owned dwellings

6,1494,0656,4556,9393,592

Rented dwellings

3,6315,5913,3433,1354,577

Other lodging

710253778866254

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9213,6393,9623,9783,866

Household operations

1,1748831,2171,296748

Housekeeping supplies

632525648685423

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,2511,6291,750905

Apparel and services

1,7861,9511,7611,7971,547

Transportation

9,0738,3999,1739,5806,761

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3012,8943,3613,5652,151

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,5842,4512,5232,027

Other vehicle expenses

2,7232,5292,7512,8412,217

Public and other transportation

581393609650366

Healthcare

4,2902,6434,5324,8912,408

Entertainment

2,7281,6952,8793,0641,778

Personal care products and services

645561657678531

Reading

1035711012143

Education

1,2367391,3091,400771

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319168341361227

Miscellaneous

782464829890465

Cash contributions

1,7889321,9142,0231,270

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7264,5635,8976,2953,543

Life and other personal insurance

327168351372223

Pensions and Social Security

5,3994,3945,5465,9223,320

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Region of residence: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 11. Region of residence: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsNortheastMidwestSouthWest
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00623,05228,40647,20528,343

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$75,881$65,340$61,405$70,208

Age of reference person

50.352.549.450.349.3

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.42.42.52.6

Children under 18

.6.5.6.6.7

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.3.4.3

Earners

1.31.31.31.21.3

Vehicles

1.91.62.01.81.9

Percent homeowner

6362666556

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$59,301$51,961$49,372$57,181

Food

6,7596,8546,8986,3787,175

Food at home

3,9714,0904,1233,7094,164

Cereals and bakery products

519567547487506

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

892919884881894

Dairy products

423463473367435

Fruits and vegetables

756800753681847

Other food at home

1,3821,3401,4661,2921,481

Food away from home

2,7872,7652,7752,6693,011

Alcoholic beverages

463523510364531

Housing

17,79821,06716,21216,03019,672

Shelter

10,49113,2279,1628,84412,337

Owned dwellings

6,1497,8595,9195,2726,451

Rented dwellings

3,6314,3822,5472,9985,162

Other lodging

710987697575725

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9214,3353,7144,0383,596

Household operations

1,1741,3551,0071,0851,342

Housekeeping supplies

632594705598647

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,5551,6231,4661,750

Apparel and services

1,7861,9311,8821,5921,896

Transportation

9,0739,3218,8079,0419,192

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3013,0463,3153,5633,058

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,2562,4182,5532,550

Other vehicle expenses

2,7233,0892,6042,5122,893

Public and other transportation

581931469413691

Healthcare

4,2904,5654,3984,0244,401

Entertainment

2,7282,7442,7602,5163,034

Personal care products and services

645704650577705

Reading

10312211182116

Education

1,2362,1291,1588801,181

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319313371344231

Miscellaneous

782859769664929

Cash contributions

1,7881,7771,8031,6971,933

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7266,3925,6335,1826,184

Life and other personal insurance

327418339284314

Pensions and Social Security

5,3995,9745,2944,8985,871

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Occupation of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 12. Occupation of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsSelf employed workersWage and salary earnersRetiredAll other, including not reporting
Total wage and salary earnersManagers and professionalsTechnical, sales and clerical workersService workersConstruction workers and mechanicsOperators, fabricators and laborers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,0068,30375,63828,82419,98915,9463,5537,32624,63418,430

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$108,212$77,397$107,570$65,629$51,485$62,984$54,176$39,672$41,445

Age of reference person

50.349.543.944.443.542.843.345.173.4

46.1

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.72.62.62.52.72.92.71.82.8

Children under 18

.6.7.7.7.6.8.9.7.1.9

Adults 65 and older

.4.2.1.1.1.2.1.11.2.2

Earners

1.31.81.71.71.71.71.71.7.2.6

Vehicles

1.92.22.02.11.91.72.12.11.71.4

Percent homeowner

63725969564857558147

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$72,838$57,904$74,277$51,508$44,543$47,539$44,795$42,715$40,930

Food

6,7597,9937,1928,8006,7835,5806,2275,8305,3846,176

Food at home

3,9714,5784,0414,6363,9363,3843,8483,4383,4334,090

Cereals and bakery products

519573526593525449447467459540

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8929629099909017771,021816736985

Dairy products

423506425498409348410347382429

Fruits and vegetables

756909762899721667701565679758

Other food at home

1,3821,6271,4191,6541,3801,1431,2681,2431,1781,378

Food away from home

2,7873,4143,1514,1642,8472,1952,3792,3921,9512,086

Alcoholic beverages

463608534759467298478345324282

Housing

17,79823,34518,96823,88117,03615,30715,65214,45814,89414,374

Shelter

10,49114,29111,38514,57310,0409,3009,3728,0288,0808,328

Owned dwellings

6,1499,4666,5569,4425,3724,3035,0484,0665,4633,901

Rented dwellings

3,6313,3084,1524,0074,1534,6553,9533,7261,8773,983

Other lodging

7101,5176771,124515341371236740444

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9214,6014,0114,4173,9063,5593,8473,7603,7163,518

Household operations

1,1741,7231,2571,9161,0507306996451,069726

Housekeeping supplies

632859611721600472369618656582

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,8701,7042,2531,4401,2461,3651,4061,3721,220

Apparel and services

1,7862,4151,9892,4811,7881,6571,7551,4151,0571,602

Transportation

9,07310,76410,28012,2599,2838,6259,4369,2216,7956,401

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3013,6653,8794,6293,3153,3803,5243,7202,2492,173

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,9552,7803,0182,6682,4503,0832,7241,7271,958

Other vehicle expenses

2,7233,3543,0003,6172,8762,3982,3462,5232,2871,880

Public and other transportation

581789621994423397482253531390

Healthcare

4,2905,5253,8684,9943,5882,8472,9602,8586,0123,166

Entertainment

2,7283,8772,8613,7442,6221,9462,0712,3772,3442,160

Personal care products and services

645743703913684545423415592432

Reading

103117991429354626014459

Education

1,2362,2111,4042,3028711,0404355872301,450

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319372321207339364454554213431

Miscellaneous

7821,2507571,101545526520599802641

Cash contributions

1,7882,1481,7142,3411,4201,2001,5521,2472,495986

Personal insurance and pensions

5,72611,4727,21510,3535,9884,5555,5144,8291,4292,770

Life and other personal insurance

327646323453273204209262326203

Pensions and Social Security

5,39910,8266,8929,9015,7154,3525,3054,5671,1032,567

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Highest education level of any member: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 13. Highest education level of any member: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsLess than college graduateCollege graduate
TotalLess than high school graduateHigh school graduateHigh school graduate with some collegeAssociate's degreeTotalBachelor's degreeMaster's, professional, doctoral degree
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00677,2369,71626,53027,30013,69049,77029,18320,586

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$45,037$28,031$40,260$47,891$60,671$100,770$84,628$123,654

Age of reference person

50.351.055.653.548.048.849.247.851.2

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.52.42.32.32.42.72.62.52.6

Children under 18

.6.6.7.5.6.7.6.6.6

Adults 65 and older

.4.4.5.4.3.3.3.3.4

Earners

1.31.1.81.01.21.41.51.51.5

Vehicles

1.91.71.01.61.82.12.12.02.2

Percent homeowner

635745585566726877

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$40,403$28,180$36,286$43,749$50,300$73,672$65,483$85,434

Food

6,7595,4804,5194,9865,7726,4738,6838,0759,598

Food at home

3,9713,4583,3043,3113,4763,8214,7404,4865,126

Cereals and bakery products

519454442445451487616584666

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

892829878802808897985980993

Dairy products

423361352339366399516480571

Fruits and vegetables

7566156185776286589668901,083

Other food at home

1,3821,1991,0131,1481,2231,3811,6561,5521,814

Food away from home

2,7872,0211,2151,6752,2962,6523,9433,5884,472

Alcoholic beverages

463294139245318449716645823

Housing

17,79813,82110,60512,88314,53216,52923,95021,15627,932

Shelter

10,4917,9146,2847,2558,4509,27714,48912,75816,943

Owned dwellings

6,1494,0132,3303,4834,3385,5869,4647,90011,680

Rented dwellings

3,6313,5863,8483,5213,7463,2093,7013,8423,501

Other lodging

7103141062513664821,3251,0161,762

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9213,5732,8403,4813,6144,1914,4594,2074,818

Household operations

1,1746903325638159411,9241,4412,610

Housekeeping supplies

632513475506482626810730931

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5811,1316751,0781,1711,4932,2682,0192,631

Apparel and services

1,7861,3251,2211,1641,3971,5542,4802,1053,045

Transportation

9,0737,2484,4976,2538,1559,31111,89411,19812,880

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3012,5871,5362,0203,0873,4334,4104,1534,773

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4682,2241,4672,0452,4012,7562,8472,8232,881

Other vehicle expenses

2,7232,1631,2601,9692,3532,7893,5803,4373,781

Public and other transportation

5812752342193143331,0577841,445

Healthcare

4,2903,3982,2013,2903,5124,2285,6725,1886,361

Entertainment

2,7282,0261,3011,8732,1792,5163,8063,2874,565

Personal care products and services

6454713364184906339108161,050

Reading

1036332567283165134209

Education

1,2365641472339457402,2781,7623,011

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

31941732948940137016821897

Miscellaneous

7825952864696788891,0729451,258

Cash contributions

1,7881,1686541,0651,3991,2752,7502,1463,606

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7263,5331,9142,8623,8995,2509,1307,81111,000

Life and other personal insurance

327210104207233245509396669

Pensions and Social Security

5,3993,3231,8102,6553,6665,0058,6217,41410,330

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Deciles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
Table 14. Deciles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014
ItemAll consumer unitsLowest 10 percentSecond 10 percentThird 10 percentFourth 10 percentFifth 10 percentSixth 10 percentSeventh 10 percentEighth 10 percentNinth 10 percentHighest 10 percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)

127,00612,72412,64012,65812,72512,73712,76212,76612,58412,73512,675

Lower limit

(1)(1)$11,165$18,362$26,784$35,682$46,615$59,549$75,977$99,623$140,196

Consumer unit characteristics:

 

Income before taxes

$66,877$5,67514,97322,75731,27741,17752,92467,23986,878116,404229,771

Age of reference person

50.346.655.754.253.050.049.748.548.248.248.9

Average number in consumer unit:

 

People

2.51.71.72.12.32.52.62.82.83.13.2

Children under 18

.6.4.3.5.5.6.6.7.7.8.8

Adults 65 and older

.4.2.5.5.5.4.4.3.3.2.2

Earners

1.3.5.5.8.91.21.41.61.72.02.1

Vehicles

1.9.81.01.31.51.82.02.22.42.72.9

Percent homeowner

6332465057586470788390

Average annual expenditures

$53,495$22,488$24,943$31,317$35,766$41,728$49,056$54,797$66,105$82,911$125,893

Food

6,7593,5253,8094,3895,1195,6386,3457,1628,39710,01913,168

Food at home

3,9712,3832,6292,9323,3433,5543,7864,1354,8685,6266,452

Cereals and bakery products

519323366386436479479531624735831

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs

8925555947167597738969441,1021,2441,332

Dairy products

423251284315338400420459493598672

Fruits and vegetables

7564224835486326876927789351,0971,283

Other food at home

1,3828329029671,1781,2151,2991,4231,7141,9522,334

Food away from home

2,7871,1431,1801,4571,7762,0852,5593,0273,5294,3946,716

Alcoholic beverages

4631611951842383103724646027541,344

Housing

17,7989,2909,99912,02612,98814,37116,52317,95221,20525,43938,213

Shelter

10,4915,7845,9627,0417,4458,2869,53810,39312,19214,80123,486

Owned dwellings

6,1491,7822,0692,6883,3443,8715,0006,2698,09510,65117,746

Rented dwellings

3,6313,8773,6804,1463,8134,0364,1603,6073,2913,1272,570

Other lodging

7101242142072883803795178061,0243,171

Utilities, fuels, and public services

3,9212,2002,5763,0823,3773,6223,9874,3174,6965,1416,209

Household operations

1,1744045275906867438601,0571,4031,8253,651

Housekeeping supplies

6323083414625405065836588559551,109

Household furnishings and equipment

1,5815955928529391,2131,5541,5272,0582,7163,759

Apparel and services

1,7867807919581,2871,4291,6401,6072,1102,8384,412

Transportation

9,0733,3673,7445,5795,8137,8019,14710,04611,65614,52019,065

Vehicle purchases (net outlay)

3,3011,2341,0651,8121,6612,8123,6013,3834,4355,7877,224

Gasoline and motor oil

2,4681,0721,2481,6402,0432,3262,5482,9313,2943,6373,943

Other vehicle expenses

2,7238841,1951,8811,8542,2462,5913,2063,2874,2495,831

Public and other transportation

5811782362452554174065266408482,067

Healthcare

4,2901,4862,2522,9893,5143,6094,4424,7865,3826,1448,299

Entertainment

2,7281,0661,1501,3791,7512,1702,5592,6963,2444,4556,806

Personal care products and services

6452613323974665135716328171,0031,457

Reading

10335606082739595129167235

Education

1,2361,1626813474865066787361,3111,8984,563

Tobacco products and smoking supplies

319274275325335340355379347339222

Miscellaneous

7823473724105086766768729371,1441,878

Cash contributions

1,7884445701,0581,2111,3061,5321,6782,1512,8115,126

Personal insurance and pensions

5,7262907131,2181,9692,9844,1215,6917,81611,38221,105

Life and other personal insurance

327671071122311892223083805701,087

Pensions and Social Security

5,3992246051,1051,7382,7953,8995,3847,43610,81120,018

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(1) Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes

Brief description of the Consumer Expenditure Survey

After being collected approximately every 10 years starting in 1888 until 1973, annual Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) collection began in 1979. Its principal objective is to collect information on the buying habits of Americans. Consumer expenditure data are used in a variety of research endeavors by government, business, labor, and academic analysts. In addition, the data are required for the regular revision of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) market basket. The CE survey, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for Bureau of Labor Statistics, consists of two components: A Diary Survey completed by participating consumer units’ (CUs) for two consecutive 1-week periods and an Interview Survey by which expenditures of consumer units is obtained in four interviews conducted at 3-month intervals. Results in this report are based on integrated data from both surveys. Survey participants record dollar amounts for goods and services purchased during the reporting period, regardless of whether payment is made at the time of purchase. Expenditure amounts include all sales and excise taxes for items purchased by the consumer unit. All business-related expenditures are excluded from both surveys, as are expenditures for which the CU is reimbursed.

Each component of the survey queries an independent sample of consumer units that are representative of the U.S. population. For the Diary Survey, about 7,000 consumer units are sampled each year. Each CU keeps a diary for two 1-week periods, yielding approximately 14,000 diaries a year. The Interview Survey, selected on a rotating panel basis, collects data about 7,000 CUs each quarter. With the rotating panel, some CUs drop out of the survey each quarter, while others come in. Each consumer unit is interviewed once per quarter, for four consecutive quarters. Data are collected on an ongoing basis in 91 areas of the United States. The Interview Survey is designed to capture expenditure data that respondents can reasonably recall for a period of 3 months or longer. In general, these expenditures are relatively large, such as expenditures for real property, automobiles, and major appliances, or they occur on a regular basis, such as rent, utility payments, and insurance premiums. The Interview Survey also collects data on expenditures incurred on leisure trips. Including global estimates of spending for food, it is estimated that about 95 percent of expenditures are covered in the Interview Survey. Nonprescription drugs, household supplies, and personal care items are excluded. The Diary Survey is designed to capture expenditures on small, frequently purchased items that are normally more difficult for respondents to recall buying over an extended period. Detailed entries of expenses are kept for food and beverages— consumed either at home or in eating places—and for tobacco, housekeeping supplies, nonprescription drugs, personal care products and services, and any other goods or services purchased within the period. Expenditures incurred by members of the CU while away from home overnight or longer are excluded from the Diary Survey. Although this survey was designed to collect information on expenditures that could not be recalled easily over an extended period, respondents are asked to report all expenses (except those spent while traveling overnight that the consumer unit incurs during the survey week.)

Integrated data from the BLS Diary and Interview Surveys provide a complete accounting of consumer expenditures and income that neither survey is designed to do on its own. Data on some expenditure items are collected in only one of the surveys. For example, the Diary Survey does not collect information on reimbursements, whereas the Interview Survey does. Examples of expenditures for which reimbursements are excluded from the Diary Survey are medical care; automobile repairs; and construction, repairs, alterations, and maintenance of property. For items that are unique to one survey or the other, the choice of which survey to use as the source of data is obvious. However, there is considerable overlap in coverage between the surveys. Consequently, integrating the data involves determining the appropriate survey component from which to select expenditure items. When data are available from both surveys, the more reliable of the two (as determined by statistical methods) is selected. As a result, some items are selected from the Interview Survey, others from the Diary Survey. Because of the overlap in the item coverage between the two surveys, the survey source is reviewed every 2 years and statistical methods are used to select the best source. See, “CE Source Selection for Publication Tables” in the Consumer Expenditure Survey Anthology, 2011 (BLS Report, no. 1030) for source selection details at https://www.bls.gov/cex/anthology11/csxanth3.pdf.

The population and spending coverage of the CE differs from that of the CPI. The CE data cover the total population including rural areas, whereas the CPI covers only the population in urban and metropolitan areas. Definitions of components also differ between the CE and CPI. For example, homeownership is treated differently in the two surveys: actual expenditures of homeownership are reported in the CE, whereas the CPI uses a rental equivalence approach that estimates the change in the cost of obtaining, in the rental marketplace, services equivalent to those provided by owner-occupied homes.

Interpreting the data

Expenditures are averages for CUs with specified characteristics, regardless of whether a particular unit incurred an expense for a specific item during the recordkeeping period. The average expenditure for an item may be considerably lower than the expenditure by the consumer units that purchased the item. The less frequently an item is purchased, the greater the difference between the average for all consumer units and the average for those purchasing the item. Similarly, an individual consumer unit may spend more or less than the average, depending on its particular characteristics. Factors such as income, age of family members, geographic location, and personal preference also influence expenditures. Furthermore, even within groups with similar characteristics, the distribution of expenditures varies substantially. These points should be considered in relating reported averages to individual circumstances. Users of these survey data should also keep in mind that prices for many goods and services have risen since the survey was conducted. For example, all prices, as measured by the CPI-U, increased 0.1 percent from 2014 (annual average index) to 2015 (not seasonally adjusted). In addition, sample surveys are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling errors occur because the data are collected from a sample representing the population, rather than from the entire population. Nonsampling errors result from the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, differences in interviewers’ abilities, mistakes in recording or coding, and other processing errors.

Tables and data

Tables in this report include integrated data from both the Diary and Interview components of the CE, enabling data users to associate the full range of expenditures with consumers’ demographic characteristics. Tables show data classified by income quintile, income class, age of the reference person, size of the consumer unit, composition of the consumer unit, number of earners, housing tenure, type of area (urban or rural), race, Hispanic origin, region of residence, occupation, and highest education level of any consumer-unit member. Tables for the aforementioned classifications, but with more detail than is given in this report, can be accessed on the CE page of the BLS website (https://www.bls.gov/cex). Also available are tables showing average annual data over a 2-year period for:

Data are available for 1984–2015. Other survey information available on the website includes answers to frequently asked questions, a glossary of terms, and order forms for survey products. Beginning with the 2000 data, estimates of standard errors for integrated Diary and Interview Survey data are also available.

Prepublication tables containing additional detailed subcategories of spending are available upon request to CEXInfo@bls.gov. These detailed level tables have higher variances. Prepublication tables for all CUs are now available at https://www.bls.gov/cex/csxresearchtables.htm.

Other available data

The 2015 CE public-use microdata, including Interview Survey data, Diary Survey data, and paradata (information about the survey process), are available on the CE website for free electronic download. The Interview Survey files contain expenditure data in two different formats: MTBI files that present monthly values in an item-coding framework based on the CPI pricing scheme, and EXPN files that organize expenditures by the section of the Interview Survey questionnaire in which they are collected. Expenditure values on EXPN files cover different time periods depending on the specific questions asked, and the files also contain relevant nonexpenditure information not found on the MTBI files. Beginning with the 2013 public-use microdata, the new estimates of local, state, and federal tax liabilities are included. The CE introduced these estimates to improve the quality of the surveyed tax liabilities, which suffered from low response rates. The surveyed public-use tax data were still available for 2013, after which they will no longer be collected. For more information on the improvements, see Improving Data Quality in the Consumer Expenditure Survey with TAXSIM, https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2015/article/pdf/improving-data-quality-in-ce-with-taxsim.pdf and for new applications of the tax estimates see New and Improved Estimates of Personal Income Taxes have Tripled the Tax Data https://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2015/consumer-expenditures-tax-estimates/pdf/consumer-expenditures-tax-estimates.pdf.

Free public-use microdata are available online from the years 1996 to 2015. (See https://www.bls.gov/cex/pumd.htm.) For releases published before 1996, users can continue to purchase USB flash drives using the public-use microdata order form. (See https://www.bls.gov/cex/csxform.pdf.) Future releases of public-use microdata will be available online for free download.

The Consumer Expenditure program also publishes Beyond the Numbers articles. These reports include analyses of expenditure data as they apply to various topics of interest, as well as methodological and research articles pertaining to a number of survey topics. As of July 2016, the most recent of these reports are Using gasoline data to explain inelasticity (https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-5/using-gasoline-data-to-explain-inelasticity.htm) , and A closer look at spending patterns of older Americans (https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-5/spending-patterns-of-older-americans.htm). Additional data also are presented in articles in the Monthly Labor Review. These reports can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cex/home.htm#publications. For more detailed information on the availability of current and earlier data, contact the Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE., Washington, DC 20212-0001; call (202) 691-6900; Email: cexinfo@bls.gov, or visit us online at https://www.bls.gov/cex. Information in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Upon request, the information in this report will be made available to individuals who are sensory-impaired individuals. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200. Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.