2019 Annual Averages ‐ Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2019
	Workers paid hourly rates
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Number	Percent of hourly-paid workers
Total wage and salary workers	82,289	1,211	392	1,603	1.9

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	18,981	64	29	93	0.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	5,598	19	3	22	0.4
Management occupations	3,354	10	3	12	0.4
Business and financial operations occupations	2,244	9	1	10	0.4
Professional and related occupations	13,383	45	26	71	0.5
Computer and mathematical occupations	1,184	4	0	4	0.3
Architecture and engineering occupations	1,040	1	0	1	0.1
Life, physical, and social science occupations	448	3	3	6	1.2
Community and social service occupations	1,042	6	2	8	0.7
Legal occupations	347	0	0	0	0.1
Education, training, and library occupations	2,786	12	11	23	0.8
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	930	5	4	9	0.9
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	5,607	15	6	21	0.4
Service occupations	19,726	949	181	1,131	5.7
Healthcare support occupations	3,050	28	13	41	1.3
Protective service occupations	2,044	24	5	29	1.4
Food preparation and serving related occupations	7,350	787	100	887	12.1
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	3,976	46	22	68	1.7
Personal care and service occupations	3,306	64	42	106	3.2
Sales and office occupations	20,236	87	123	209	1.0
Sales and related occupations	7,878	39	98	136	1.7
Office and administrative support occupations	12,358	48	25	73	0.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	9,446	25	11	36	0.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	803	7	3	10	1.2
Construction and extraction occupations	5,219	7	3	11	0.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3,424	11	4	15	0.4
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	13,900	86	49	134	1.0
Production occupations	6,988	21	11	32	0.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	6,912	65	38	103	1.5

INDUSTRY
Private sector	72,601	1,154	362	1,516	2.1
Agriculture and related industries	934	7	3	10	1.1
Nonagricultural industries	71,667	1,146	359	1,505	2.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	364	0	0	0	0.0
Construction	5,514	12	2	14	0.3
Manufacturing	9,455	25	13	38	0.4
Durable goods	5,871	16	2	18	0.3
Nondurable goods	3,585	9	11	20	0.6
Wholesale and retail trade	12,527	48	93	141	1.1
Wholesale trade	1,628	4	4	8	0.5
Retail trade	10,899	44	89	134	1.2
Transportation and utilities	4,059	22	12	34	0.8
Transportation and warehousing	3,457	22	11	33	1.0
Utilities	603	0	1	1	0.2
Information(1)	1,030	9	7	15	1.5
Publishing, except Internet	105	0	0	0	0.2
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	209	2	5	6	2.9
Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming	224	3	0	3	1.3
Telecommunications	376	3	0	3	0.7
Financial activities	3,554	13	5	19	0.5
Finance and insurance	2,525	8	3	11	0.4
Finance	1,584	4	2	6	0.4
Insurance	941	4	1	5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,029	5	2	7	0.7
Professional and business services	6,763	47	9	56	0.8
Professional and technical services	3,054	11	3	14	0.5
Management, administrative, and waste services	3,709	36	7	42	1.1
Education and health services	14,600	94	55	149	1.0
Educational services	1,989	15	10	25	1.3
Health care and social assistance	12,612	79	45	124	1.0
Leisure and hospitality	10,307	830	146	977	9.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,658	42	15	57	3.4
Accommodation and food services	8,649	788	132	920	10.6
Accommodation	1,050	21	7	27	2.6
Food services and drinking places	7,599	768	125	893	11.7
Other services	3,492	46	16	62	1.8
Other services, except private households	2,857	37	8	45	1.6
Private households	635	9	8	17	2.7
Public sector	9,689	58	30	88	0.9
Federal government	1,846	4	4	8	0.5
State government	2,943	22	11	33	1.1
Local government	4,900	31	15	46	0.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2019. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 22, 2020