Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Bureau of Labor Statistics > Current Population Survey > Home

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2021
	Workers paid hourly rates
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Number	Percent of hourly-paid workers
Total wage and salary workers	76,125	910	181	1,091	1.4

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	17,899	55	12	67	0.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	5,594	24	2	27	0.5
Management occupations	3,248	20	2	22	0.7
Business and financial operations occupations	2,346	4	1	5	0.2
Professional and related occupations	12,305	30	10	40	0.3
Computer and mathematical occupations	1,206	5	0	5	0.4
Architecture and engineering occupations	881	1	0	1	0.1
Life, physical, and social science occupations	432	0	0	0	0.0
Community and social service occupations	982	1	0	1	0.1
Legal occupations	348	1	0	1	0.3
Education, training, and library occupations	2,317	12	5	17	0.7
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	839	2	4	6	0.7
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	5,300	9	1	10	0.2
Service occupations	17,398	719	85	804	4.6
Healthcare support occupations	3,896	15	9	23	0.6
Protective service occupations	1,923	24	1	25	1.3
Food preparation and serving related occupations	6,424	593	51	643	10.0
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	3,503	43	6	49	1.4
Personal care and service occupations	1,652	44	19	63	3.8
Sales and office occupations	17,336	45	44	88	0.5
Sales and related occupations	7,094	29	26	55	0.8
Office and administrative support occupations	10,243	16	18	33	0.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	8,867	18	6	24	0.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	660	0	1	2	0.3
Construction and extraction occupations	4,903	14	0	14	0.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3,305	4	4	8	0.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14,624	74	34	108	0.7
Production occupations	6,307	21	9	30	0.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,317	53	26	78	0.9

INDUSTRY
Private sector	67,168	847	176	1,023	1.5
Agriculture and related industries	839	0	0	0	0.1
Nonagricultural industries	66,329	847	176	1,023	1.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	282	1	0	1	0.2
Construction	5,281	8	1	9	0.2
Manufacturing	8,391	26	5	30	0.4
Durable goods	5,251	15	1	15	0.3
Nondurable goods	3,140	11	4	15	0.5
Wholesale and retail trade	12,514	36	29	65	0.5
Wholesale trade	1,598	0	0	0	0.0
Retail trade	10,916	36	28	65	0.6
Transportation and utilities	4,269	17	10	27	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	3,747	15	9	25	0.7
Utilities	522	2	0	2	0.4
Information(1)	894	1	1	2	0.2
Publishing, except Internet	109	0	0	0	0.0
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	161	1	1	2	1.0
Broadcasting (except internet)	165	0	0	0	0.0
Telecommunications	347	0	0	0	0.0
Financial activities	3,178	6	1	8	0.2
Finance and insurance	2,246	5	1	7	0.3
Finance	1,406	3	0	3	0.2
Insurance	840	3	1	4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	932	1	0	1	0.1
Professional and business services	6,137	22	3	25	0.4
Professional and technical services	2,904	3	2	5	0.2
Management, administrative, and waste services	3,233	19	1	20	0.6
Education and health services	13,445	47	30	77	0.6
Educational services	1,676	7	13	20	1.2
Health care and social assistance	11,769	40	16	56	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	8,907	637	77	715	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,307	24	7	31	2.4
Accommodation and food services	7,599	613	70	683	9.0
Accommodation	706	9	2	12	1.7
Food services and drinking places	6,894	604	68	672	9.7
Other services	3,032	46	19	65	2.1
Other services, except private households	2,564	31	17	48	1.9
Private households	468	15	2	16	3.5
Public sector	8,957	63	5	68	0.8
Federal government	1,831	10	1	10	0.6
State government	2,620	15	3	18	0.7
Local government	4,506	39	1	40	0.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2021. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

Last Modified Date: January 20, 2022