Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	2022
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree			Bachelor's degree and higher
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Total	Some college, no degree	Associate degree	Total(2)	Bachelor's degree only	Advanced degree
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,789	63,707	56,540	32,938	23,601	85,981	53,166	32,815
Civilian labor force	8,988	35,919	35,643	20,042	15,601	62,644	38,530	24,114
Participation rate	45.4	56.4	63.0	60.8	66.1	72.9	72.5	73.5
Employed	8,498	34,497	34,523	19,348	15,175	61,394	37,685	23,709
Employment-population ratio	42.9	54.2	61.1	58.7	64.3	71.4	70.9	72.3
Unemployed	490	1,422	1,120	694	427	1,250	845	405
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.0	3.1	3.5	2.7	2.0	2.2	1.7
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population	10,195	32,541	26,374	15,873	10,502	40,441	25,308	15,133
Civilian labor force	5,867	21,463	18,278	10,724	7,554	31,043	19,637	11,406
Participation rate	57.5	66.0	69.3	67.6	71.9	76.8	77.6	75.4
Employed	5,565	20,655	17,722	10,374	7,348	30,434	19,226	11,208
Employment-population ratio	54.6	63.5	67.2	65.4	70.0	75.3	76.0	74.1
Unemployed	302	808	556	350	206	609	411	198
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.8	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.0	2.1	1.7
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,594	31,165	30,165	17,066	13,099	45,540	27,858	17,682
Civilian labor force	3,122	14,456	17,366	9,318	8,048	31,601	18,893	12,707
Participation rate	32.5	46.4	57.6	54.6	61.4	69.4	67.8	71.9
Employed	2,934	13,842	16,801	8,974	7,827	30,960	18,459	12,501
Employment-population ratio	30.6	44.4	55.7	52.6	59.8	68.0	66.3	70.7
Unemployed	188	614	564	344	221	641	434	207
Unemployment rate	6.0	4.2	3.3	3.7	2.7	2.0	2.3	1.6
White
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,018	49,356	44,168	25,504	18,663	66,872	42,018	24,854
Civilian labor force	7,143	27,443	27,361	15,211	12,151	48,001	30,244	17,757
Participation rate	47.6	55.6	61.9	59.6	65.1	71.8	72.0	71.4
Employed	6,800	26,511	26,608	14,754	11,853	47,108	29,639	17,468
Employment-population ratio	45.3	53.7	60.2	57.9	63.5	70.4	70.5	70.3
Unemployed	342	931	754	456	297	894	605	289
Unemployment rate	4.8	3.4	2.8	3.0	2.4	1.9	2.0	1.6
Black or African American
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,810	9,550	8,156	5,048	3,107	8,064	4,973	3,091
Civilian labor force	1,048	5,596	5,471	3,274	2,197	6,284	3,821	2,463
Participation rate	37.3	58.6	67.1	64.8	70.7	77.9	76.8	79.7
Employed	945	5,228	5,201	3,099	2,102	6,106	3,695	2,411
Employment-population ratio	33.7	54.7	63.8	61.4	67.7	75.7	74.3	78.0
Unemployed	102	368	270	175	95	178	126	51
Unemployment rate	9.8	6.6	4.9	5.3	4.3	2.8	3.3	2.1
Asian
Civilian noninstitutional population	1,098	2,566	2,068	1,110	958	8,969	4,833	4,136
Civilian labor force	397	1,479	1,348	711	637	6,740	3,416	3,324
Participation rate	36.2	57.6	65.2	64.1	66.5	75.2	70.7	80.4
Employed	386	1,439	1,313	687	626	6,601	3,331	3,270
Employment-population ratio	35.1	56.1	63.5	61.9	65.4	73.6	68.9	79.1
Unemployed	11	40	35	24	11	140	85	54
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.7	2.6	3.4	1.7	2.1	2.5	1.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,168	12,084	7,877	4,756	3,121	7,856	5,365	2,491
Civilian labor force	5,213	8,328	5,761	3,434	2,327	6,300	4,294	2,006
Participation rate	56.9	68.9	73.1	72.2	74.6	80.2	80.0	80.5
Employed	4,964	8,016	5,575	3,317	2,258	6,162	4,194	1,968
Employment-population ratio	54.1	66.3	70.8	69.7	72.4	78.4	78.2	79.0
Unemployed	250	312	186	117	69	138	101	38
Unemployment rate	4.8	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.0	2.2	2.3	1.9
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor`s, master`s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 25, 2023