For RELEASE 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 17, 2017 USDL-17-0321
Technical information: (202) 691-6199 ncsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 pressoffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – DECEMBER 2016
Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $34.90 per hour worked in December 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Wages and salaries averaged $23.87 per hour worked and accounted for 68.4 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged $11.03 and accounted
for the remaining 31.6 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged $32.76 per hour worked in December 2016.
Total employer compensation costs for state and local government workers averaged $47.85 per hour worked in December 2016.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and
employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and local government workers.
Supplemental pay benefit costs in private industry
Supplemental pay costs for private industry workers in December 2016 averaged $1.15 per hour worked or 3.5 percent of total compensation.
Supplemental pay includes employer costs for employee overtime and premium pay, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses.
In December 2016, the largest component of supplemental pay costs for private industry employers were nonproduction bonuses, averaging 83 cents per
hour worked or 2.5 percent of total compensation. (See table 5.) Nonproduction bonuses are given at the discretion of the employer and are not tied
to a production formula. Common nonproduction bonuses include end-of-year and holiday bonuses, referral bonuses, and cash profit sharing. For more
information on nonproduction bonus access rates, please see National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2016 at
www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2016/benefits.htm#other.
Overtime and premium pay averaged 26 cents per hour worked in December 2016. Overtime and premium supplemental pay includes pay for work in addition
to the regular work schedule. Shift differentials, or extra payments for working a non-traditional work schedule, averaged only 6 cents per hour
worked. (See table 5.)
Supplemental pay averaged $1.40 per hour worked for union workers and $1.12 for nonunion workers. For union workers, the largest supplemental pay
component was overtime and premium pay at 78 cents per hour worked. For nonunion workers, nonproduction bonuses was the largest component at 87
cents per hour worked. (See table 5.)
Supplemental pay varied widely by major occupational and industry groups. For major occupational groups, supplemental pay ranged from $2.53 per hour
worked for management, professional, and related workers to 24 cents for service workers. (See chart 1 and table 5.) Major industry groups also
showed wide variation for supplemental pay, averaging $3.43 for financial activities workers and 13 cents for leisure and hospitality workers. (See
chart 2 and table 6.)
Supplemental pay by establishment employment size ranged from 99 cents per hour worked for under 100 workers compared with $1.92 for 500 workers or
more. (See table 8.) Supplemental pay costs averaged $1.50 per hour worked for full-time workers and 20 cents for part-time workers. (See table 11.)
Benefit costs in private industry
Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.28 per hour worked or 6.9 percent of total compensation, supplemental pay averaged $1.15
or 3.5 percent, insurance benefits averaged $2.63 or 8.0 percent, retirement and savings averaged $1.31 or 4.0 percent, and legally required benefits
averaged $2.56 per hour worked or 7.8 percent. (See table A and table 5.)
Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, December 2016
Compensation Civilian Private State and local
component workers(1) industry government
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Wages and salaries 68.4% 69.7% 63.0%
Benefits 31.6 30.3 37.0
Paid leave 7.1 6.9 7.5
Supplemental pay 3.0 3.5 1.0
Insurance 8.8 8.0 11.8
Health benefits 8.3 7.6 11.5
Retirement and savings 5.4 4.0 11.1
Defined benefit 3.4 1.8 10.3
Defined contribution 2.0 2.2 0.8
Legally required 7.4 7.8 5.6
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy, except those in private households, and
workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
____________
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for March 2017 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 9, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefits in private industry are produced annually in
the March reference period for 15 metropolitan areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article,
BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers in 15 Metropolitan Areas, at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-for-employee-compensation-data-for-private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf.
Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series by industry group are available at
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc41.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf.
Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ececrse.pdf and
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf.
Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The earliest historical listing covers data for the
March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational
classification systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods from March 2002 to December
2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes data from
March 2004 to the current reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) systems.
The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003
area definitions. For more information on the area definitions, visit www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
TECHNICAL NOTE
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked.
ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local government. Excluded from private industry
are the self-employed and farm and private household workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry
series and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.
Sample size
Data for the December 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 28,100 occupational observations selected from
a sample of about 6,800 private industry establishments and approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400
state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. This quarter, the state and local government sample was
replaced in its entirety. It was last replaced in December 2007. The government sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample.
One-third of the private sample is rotated each year except in years when the government sample is replaced.
ECEC benchmarking by establishment size and industry
The benchmarking methodology was enhanced to include establishment size, in addition to industry, to adjust the ECEC sample weights to current
employment. For additional information on benchmarking by industry, see the BLS research paper: “The Weighting Process Used in the Employer Costs
for Employee Compensation Series for the National Compensation Survey,” at www.bls.gov/osmr/pdf/st110220.pdf.
Comparing private and public sector data
Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in private industry. Differences between these
sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large
part of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative support occupations (including
teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.
ECEC quarterly publication focus
ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and local government cost per hour estimates as well as
additional detail on a specific compensation cost topic of interest. This quarter focuses on supplemental pay benefit costs in private industry.
Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows:
* March 2017—Compensation costs in selected metropolitan areas and health benefit costs in private industry
* June 2017—Retirement and savings costs in private industry
ECEC detailed information and measures
For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8,”National Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods
at: www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2016
Occupational group Industry group
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation, Goods- Service-
component workers(1) and and Service construction, and producing(2) providing(3)
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $34.90 100.0 $58.00 100.0 $25.05 100.0 $17.77 100.0 $35.26 100.0 $27.81 100.0 $39.07 100.0 $34.19 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 23.87 68.4 39.36 67.9 17.58 70.2 12.74 71.7 23.58 66.9 18.32 65.9 25.92 66.4 23.52 68.8
Total benefits............................... 11.03 31.6 18.63 32.1 7.47 29.8 5.03 28.3 11.68 33.1 9.48 34.1 13.14 33.6 10.67 31.2
Paid leave................................. 2.46 7.1 4.71 8.1 1.67 6.7 0.88 5.0 1.93 5.5 1.66 6.0 2.56 6.5 2.45 7.2
Vacation................................. 1.20 3.4 2.26 3.9 0.83 3.3 0.42 2.4 0.98 2.8 0.84 3.0 1.31 3.4 1.18 3.5
Holiday.................................. 0.74 2.1 1.36 2.3 0.51 2.0 0.27 1.5 0.62 1.8 0.55 2.0 0.88 2.3 0.71 2.1
Sick..................................... 0.37 1.1 0.78 1.3 0.22 0.9 0.14 0.8 0.22 0.6 0.20 0.7 0.26 0.7 0.39 1.1
Personal................................. 0.15 0.4 0.31 0.5 0.11 0.5 0.05 0.3 0.11 0.3 0.07 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.16 0.5
Supplemental pay........................... 1.05 3.0 1.97 3.4 0.59 2.3 0.30 1.7 1.05 3.0 1.00 3.6 1.50 3.8 0.97 2.8
Overtime and premium(4).................. 0.25 0.7 0.14 0.2 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8 0.71 2.0 0.56 2.0 0.57 1.5 0.19 0.6
Shift differentials...................... 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.75 2.1 1.76 3.0 0.42 1.7 0.10 0.6 0.30 0.8 0.36 1.3 0.84 2.2 0.73 2.1
Insurance.................................. 3.06 8.8 4.74 8.2 2.41 9.6 1.38 7.8 3.29 9.3 2.96 10.6 3.66 9.4 2.96 8.7
Life..................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 2.91 8.3 4.49 7.7 2.31 9.2 1.34 7.5 3.14 8.9 2.80 10.1 3.47 8.9 2.82 8.2
Short-term disability.................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2
Long-term disability..................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 (5) (6) 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.88 5.4 3.66 6.3 0.92 3.7 0.79 4.4 2.06 5.8 1.29 4.6 2.17 5.6 1.83 5.4
Defined benefit.......................... 1.20 3.4 2.32 4.0 0.47 1.9 0.63 3.6 1.42 4.0 0.77 2.8 1.20 3.1 1.20 3.5
Defined contribution..................... 0.68 2.0 1.33 2.3 0.45 1.8 0.15 0.9 0.64 1.8 0.52 1.9 0.97 2.5 0.64 1.9
Legally required benefits.................. 2.58 7.4 3.56 6.1 1.88 7.5 1.68 9.4 3.36 9.5 2.58 9.3 3.25 8.3 2.46 7.2
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.91 5.5 3.03 5.2 1.46 5.8 1.06 6.0 1.98 5.6 1.55 5.6 2.18 5.6 1.87 5.5
Social Security(7)..................... 1.52 4.4 2.37 4.1 1.17 4.7 0.85 4.8 1.60 4.5 1.25 4.5 1.75 4.5 1.48 4.3
Medicare............................... 0.40 1.1 0.66 1.1 0.29 1.1 0.21 1.2 0.38 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.39 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.02 (6) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.16 0.5 0.15 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8 0.24 0.7 0.18 0.6 0.23 0.6 0.15 0.4
Workers' compensation.................... 0.47 1.3 0.35 0.6 0.23 0.9 0.43 2.4 1.10 3.1 0.82 2.9 0.81 2.1 0.41 1.2
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Civilian workers(1)............................ $34.90 $23.87 $11.03 $2.46 $1.05 $3.06 $1.88 $2.58
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 58.00 39.36 18.63 4.71 1.97 4.74 3.66 3.56
Management, business, and financial.... 69.89 46.65 23.24 6.29 4.30 4.82 3.67 4.17
Professional and related............... 53.09 36.36 16.73 4.06 1.01 4.71 3.65 3.31
Teachers(2).......................... 58.30 40.20 18.10 2.93 0.23 5.91 5.96 3.06
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 58.44 39.40 19.04 2.74 0.21 6.45 6.80 2.84
Registered nurses.................... 52.61 35.31 17.29 4.69 1.59 4.68 2.72 3.61
Sales and office......................... 25.05 17.58 7.47 1.67 0.59 2.41 0.92 1.88
Sales and related...................... 23.89 17.87 6.02 1.40 0.62 1.54 0.62 1.85
Office and administrative support...... 25.75 17.40 8.35 1.84 0.57 2.94 1.11 1.90
Service.................................. 17.77 12.74 5.03 0.88 0.30 1.38 0.79 1.68
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 35.26 23.58 11.68 1.93 1.05 3.29 2.06 3.36
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).............. 36.39 24.17 12.23 1.57 1.00 3.25 2.57 3.84
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 34.18 23.02 11.16 2.27 1.09 3.33 1.58 2.89
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 27.81 18.32 9.48 1.66 1.00 2.96 1.29 2.58
Production............................. 26.96 17.97 8.99 1.63 1.14 2.88 0.96 2.37
Transportation and material moving..... 28.58 18.65 9.93 1.69 0.87 3.03 1.58 2.77
Industry group
Education and health services............ 40.43 27.50 12.93 2.95 0.52 4.05 2.86 2.55
Educational services................... 49.97 33.44 16.53 3.21 0.25 5.48 4.86 2.72
Elementary and secondary schools..... 48.57 32.26 16.30 2.59 0.20 5.64 5.38 2.49
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 55.30 36.95 18.34 4.71 0.32 5.75 4.39 3.18
Health care and social assistance...... 34.09 23.55 10.54 2.77 0.71 3.09 1.52 2.44
Hospitals............................ 45.27 29.59 15.68 4.22 1.43 4.70 2.31 3.02
Percent of total compensation
Civilian workers(1)............................ 100.0 68.4 31.6 7.1 3.0 8.8 5.4 7.4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.1 3.4 8.2 6.3 6.1
Management, business, and financial.... 100.0 66.7 33.3 9.0 6.1 6.9 5.2 6.0
Professional and related............... 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.6 1.9 8.9 6.9 6.2
Teachers(2).......................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 5.0 0.4 10.1 10.2 5.3
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 100.0 67.4 32.6 4.7 0.4 11.0 11.6 4.9
Registered nurses.................... 100.0 67.1 32.9 8.9 3.0 8.9 5.2 6.9
Sales and office......................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.7 2.3 9.6 3.7 7.5
Sales and related...................... 100.0 74.8 25.2 5.8 2.6 6.4 2.6 7.7
Office and administrative support...... 100.0 67.6 32.4 7.1 2.2 11.4 4.3 7.4
Service.................................. 100.0 71.7 28.3 5.0 1.7 7.8 4.4 9.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 100.0 66.9 33.1 5.5 3.0 9.3 5.8 9.5
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).............. 100.0 66.4 33.6 4.3 2.7 8.9 7.1 10.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.6 3.2 9.7 4.6 8.5
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.0 3.6 10.6 4.6 9.3
Production............................. 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.1 4.2 10.7 3.6 8.8
Transportation and material moving..... 100.0 65.2 34.8 5.9 3.0 10.6 5.5 9.7
Industry group
Education and health services............ 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.3 1.3 10.0 7.1 6.3
Educational services................... 100.0 66.9 33.1 6.4 0.5 11.0 9.7 5.5
Elementary and secondary schools..... 100.0 66.4 33.6 5.3 0.4 11.6 11.1 5.1
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 8.5 0.6 10.4 7.9 5.7
Health care and social assistance...... 100.0 69.1 30.9 8.1 2.1 9.1 4.5 7.2
Hospitals............................ 100.0 65.4 34.6 9.3 3.2 10.4 5.1 6.7
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal
government.
2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state and local
government workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2016
Occupational group(1) Industry group
Management, Sales
Compensation All professional, and Service Service-providin-
component workers and office g(2)
related
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $47.85 100.0 $57.60 100.0 $33.00 100.0 $34.42 100.0 $47.92 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 30.14 63.0 37.49 65.1 19.28 58.4 20.08 58.3 30.21 63.1
Total benefits............................... 17.71 37.0 20.11 34.9 13.71 41.6 14.34 41.7 17.70 36.9
Paid leave................................. 3.59 7.5 4.06 7.1 2.91 8.8 2.90 8.4 3.59 7.5
Vacation................................. 1.36 2.8 1.39 2.4 1.29 3.9 1.28 3.7 1.35 2.8
Holiday.................................. 1.03 2.1 1.12 1.9 0.89 2.7 0.89 2.6 1.03 2.1
Sick..................................... 0.92 1.9 1.17 2.0 0.58 1.8 0.58 1.7 0.93 1.9
Personal................................. 0.28 0.6 0.38 0.7 0.15 0.5 0.15 0.4 0.28 0.6
Supplemental pay........................... 0.46 1.0 0.38 0.7 0.28 0.8 0.69 2.0 0.46 1.0
Overtime and premium(3).................. 0.20 0.4 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.5 0.42 1.2 0.19 0.4
Shift differentials...................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.22 0.5 0.26 0.4 0.10 0.3 0.20 0.6 0.22 0.5
Insurance.................................. 5.66 11.8 6.28 10.9 5.21 15.8 4.36 12.7 5.66 11.8
Life..................................... 0.07 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.1
Health................................... 5.51 11.5 6.11 10.6 5.10 15.5 4.25 12.3 5.51 11.5
Short-term disability.................... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 5.33 11.1 6.40 11.1 3.31 10.0 4.21 12.2 5.33 11.1
Defined benefit.......................... 4.94 10.3 5.87 10.2 3.09 9.4 4.00 11.6 4.94 10.3
Defined contribution..................... 0.39 0.8 0.53 0.9 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.6 0.39 0.8
Legally required benefits.................. 2.66 5.6 2.99 5.2 2.00 6.1 2.17 6.3 2.67 5.6
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.07 4.3 2.49 4.3 1.49 4.5 1.45 4.2 2.08 4.3
Social Security(4)..................... 1.58 3.3 1.88 3.3 1.17 3.5 1.11 3.2 1.58 3.3
Medicare............................... 0.49 1.0 0.60 1.0 0.32 1.0 0.34 1.0 0.49 1.0
Federal unemployment insurance........... (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6)
State unemployment insurance............. 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.07 0.2
Workers' compensation.................... 0.51 1.1 0.43 0.7 0.45 1.4 0.64 1.9 0.51 1.1
1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related
occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters.
2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government
workforce.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: state
and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
State and local government workers............. $47.85 $30.14 $17.71 $3.59 $0.46 $5.66 $5.33 $2.66
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 57.60 37.49 20.11 4.06 0.38 6.28 6.40 2.99
Professional and related............... 56.07 36.78 19.29 3.62 0.35 6.28 6.16 2.88
Teachers(1).......................... 63.56 42.75 20.80 3.24 0.25 6.91 7.32 3.07
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 63.19 42.07 21.12 2.97 0.24 7.17 7.80 2.94
Sales and office......................... 33.00 19.28 13.71 2.91 0.28 5.21 3.31 2.00
Office and administrative support...... 33.16 19.34 13.82 2.92 0.28 5.28 3.34 2.00
Service.................................. 34.42 20.08 14.34 2.90 0.69 4.36 4.21 2.17
Industry group
Education and health services............ 50.38 32.81 17.57 3.34 0.32 5.91 5.40 2.60
Educational services................... 51.62 33.82 17.80 3.22 0.25 6.03 5.69 2.61
Elementary and secondary schools..... 49.98 32.86 17.12 2.65 0.22 5.93 5.85 2.47
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 56.24 36.56 19.68 4.86 0.33 6.29 5.19 3.01
Health care and social assistance...... 42.59 26.44 16.15 4.08 0.78 5.17 3.60 2.52
Hospitals............................ 44.89 28.40 16.49 4.30 0.93 5.15 3.47 2.65
Public administration.................... 45.55 26.70 18.85 4.26 0.69 5.47 5.59 2.85
Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers............. 100.0 63.0 37.0 7.5 1.0 11.8 11.1 5.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 65.1 34.9 7.1 0.7 10.9 11.1 5.2
Professional and related............... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.5 0.6 11.2 11.0 5.1
Teachers(1).......................... 100.0 67.3 32.7 5.1 0.4 10.9 11.5 4.8
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 100.0 66.6 33.4 4.7 0.4 11.4 12.3 4.6
Sales and office......................... 100.0 58.4 41.6 8.8 0.8 15.8 10.0 6.1
Office and administrative support...... 100.0 58.3 41.7 8.8 0.8 15.9 10.1 6.0
Service.................................. 100.0 58.3 41.7 8.4 2.0 12.7 12.2 6.3
Industry group
Education and health services............ 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.6 0.6 11.7 10.7 5.2
Educational services................... 100.0 65.5 34.5 6.2 0.5 11.7 11.0 5.1
Elementary and secondary schools..... 100.0 65.7 34.3 5.3 0.4 11.9 11.7 4.9
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 8.6 0.6 11.2 9.2 5.3
Health care and social assistance...... 100.0 62.1 37.9 9.6 1.8 12.1 8.4 5.9
Hospitals............................ 100.0 63.3 36.7 9.6 2.1 11.5 7.7 5.9
Public administration.................... 100.0 58.6 41.4 9.3 1.5 12.0 12.3 6.3
1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December 2016
Occupational group Bargaining unit status
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation,
component workers and and Service construction, and Union Nonunion
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $32.76 100.0 $58.14 100.0 $24.35 100.0 $15.18 100.0 $34.81 100.0 $27.45 100.0 $47.82 100.0 $31.31 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 22.83 69.7 40.03 68.9 17.43 71.6 11.60 76.4 23.57 67.7 18.20 66.3 28.61 59.8 22.27 71.1
Total benefits............................... 9.93 30.3 18.11 31.1 6.92 28.4 3.58 23.6 11.24 32.3 9.25 33.7 19.21 40.2 9.04 28.9
Paid leave................................. 2.28 6.9 4.94 8.5 1.56 6.4 0.57 3.7 1.78 5.1 1.63 5.9 3.47 7.3 2.16 6.9
Vacation................................. 1.17 3.6 2.57 4.4 0.79 3.3 0.29 1.9 0.92 2.6 0.83 3.0 1.75 3.7 1.12 3.6
Holiday.................................. 0.69 2.1 1.44 2.5 0.47 1.9 0.17 1.1 0.58 1.7 0.54 2.0 1.02 2.1 0.65 2.1
Sick..................................... 0.28 0.9 0.64 1.1 0.19 0.8 0.07 0.5 0.18 0.5 0.19 0.7 0.52 1.1 0.26 0.8
Personal................................. 0.13 0.4 0.28 0.5 0.11 0.5 0.04 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.13 0.4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.15 3.5 2.53 4.4 0.61 2.5 0.24 1.6 1.07 3.1 1.01 3.7 1.40 2.9 1.12 3.6
Overtime and premium(1).................. 0.26 0.8 0.15 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.7 0.72 2.1 0.56 2.0 0.78 1.6 0.21 0.7
Shift differentials...................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.19 0.4 0.05 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.83 2.5 2.29 3.9 0.44 1.8 0.09 0.6 0.31 0.9 0.37 1.3 0.43 0.9 0.87 2.8
Insurance.................................. 2.63 8.0 4.20 7.2 2.16 8.9 0.92 6.1 3.12 9.0 2.87 10.4 6.34 13.3 2.28 7.3
Life..................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 (2) (3) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 2.48 7.6 3.92 6.7 2.06 8.5 0.88 5.8 2.96 8.5 2.70 9.8 5.98 12.5 2.15 6.9
Short-term disability.................... 0.06 0.2 0.11 0.2 0.04 0.2 (2) (3) 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.05 0.2
Long-term disability..................... 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 (2) (3) 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.31 4.0 2.68 4.6 0.71 2.9 0.25 1.7 1.87 5.4 1.18 4.3 4.36 9.1 1.02 3.3
Defined benefit.......................... 0.58 1.8 1.06 1.8 0.24 1.0 0.11 0.7 1.20 3.4 0.65 2.4 3.09 6.5 0.34 1.1
Defined contribution..................... 0.73 2.2 1.62 2.8 0.47 1.9 0.15 1.0 0.67 1.9 0.53 1.9 1.27 2.7 0.68 2.2
Legally required benefits.................. 2.56 7.8 3.76 6.5 1.87 7.7 1.60 10.5 3.40 9.8 2.57 9.4 3.64 7.6 2.46 7.8
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.89 5.8 3.22 5.5 1.46 6.0 1.00 6.6 2.00 5.7 1.54 5.6 2.36 4.9 1.84 5.9
Social Security(4)..................... 1.51 4.6 2.54 4.4 1.17 4.8 0.81 5.3 1.62 4.7 1.24 4.5 1.87 3.9 1.47 4.7
Medicare............................... 0.38 1.2 0.68 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.19 1.3 0.38 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.48 1.0 0.37 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.18 0.5 0.18 0.3 0.16 0.7 0.16 1.1 0.25 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.23 0.5 0.17 0.6
Workers' compensation.................... 0.46 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.22 0.9 0.39 2.6 1.12 3.2 0.81 3.0 1.02 2.1 0.40 1.3
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by major industry group, December 2016
Goods-producing(1) Service-providing(2)
All Trade, Professional Education Leisure
Compensation All goods- Construction Manufacturing service- transportation, Information Financial and and and Other services
component producing(1) providing(2) and activities business health hospitality
utilities services services
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $39.03 100.0 $38.15 100.0 $39.33 100.0 $31.50 100.0 $27.01 100.0 $54.10 100.0 $46.98 100.0 $39.83 100.0 $34.92 100.0 $13.73 100.0 $26.51 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 25.94 66.5 26.62 69.8 25.62 65.1 22.20 70.5 18.97 70.3 35.69 66.0 30.89 65.8 28.41 71.3 24.56 70.3 10.86 79.1 19.20 72.4
Total benefits............................... 13.09 33.5 11.53 30.2 13.71 34.9 9.29 29.5 8.04 29.7 18.41 34.0 16.08 34.2 11.42 28.7 10.36 29.7 2.87 20.9 7.30 27.6
Paid leave................................. 2.54 6.5 1.68 4.4 2.96 7.5 2.22 7.1 1.69 6.3 4.97 9.2 3.98 8.5 2.90 7.3 2.73 7.8 0.38 2.8 1.62 6.1
Vacation................................. 1.31 3.3 0.88 2.3 1.51 3.8 1.15 3.6 0.89 3.3 2.57 4.8 2.07 4.4 1.54 3.9 1.36 3.9 0.20 1.4 0.77 2.9
Holiday.................................. 0.88 2.3 0.58 1.5 1.03 2.6 0.65 2.1 0.49 1.8 1.27 2.3 1.14 2.4 0.87 2.2 0.80 2.3 0.11 0.8 0.54 2.0
Sick..................................... 0.26 0.7 0.13 0.3 0.32 0.8 0.29 0.9 0.22 0.8 0.57 1.1 0.52 1.1 0.32 0.8 0.41 1.2 0.05 0.3 0.20 0.7
Personal................................. 0.10 0.3 0.09 0.2 0.11 0.3 0.14 0.4 0.09 0.3 0.56 1.0 0.26 0.5 0.17 0.4 0.17 0.5 0.03 0.2 0.11 0.4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.51 3.9 1.03 2.7 1.67 4.2 1.08 3.4 0.72 2.7 2.31 4.3 3.43 7.3 1.87 4.7 0.63 1.8 0.13 0.9 0.33 1.2
Overtime and premium(3).................. 0.58 1.5 0.61 1.6 0.54 1.4 0.19 0.6 0.28 1.0 0.26 0.5 0.19 0.4 0.18 0.4 0.18 0.5 0.07 0.5 0.14 0.5
Shift differentials...................... 0.08 0.2 0.02 (4) 0.12 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 (5) (4) (5) (4) 0.19 0.5 (5) (4) (5) (4)
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.85 2.2 0.40 1.1 1.02 2.6 0.83 2.6 0.42 1.5 2.02 3.7 3.23 6.9 1.68 4.2 0.26 0.8 0.05 0.4 0.17 0.6
Insurance.................................. 3.64 9.3 2.95 7.7 3.97 10.1 2.43 7.7 2.26 8.4 5.25 9.7 3.89 8.3 2.47 6.2 3.02 8.6 0.72 5.3 2.06 7.8
Life..................................... 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 (5) (4) 0.03 0.1
Health................................... 3.45 8.8 2.83 7.4 3.75 9.5 2.29 7.3 2.14 7.9 4.83 8.9 3.64 7.7 2.30 5.8 2.87 8.2 0.70 5.1 1.97 7.4
Short-term disability.................... 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.26 0.5 0.13 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 (5) (4) 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.2 (5) (4) 0.02 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 2.14 5.5 2.02 5.3 2.15 5.5 1.15 3.6 1.07 4.0 2.34 4.3 1.85 3.9 1.24 3.1 1.45 4.1 0.18 1.3 1.12 4.2
Defined benefit.......................... 1.16 3.0 1.23 3.2 1.10 2.8 0.46 1.5 0.51 1.9 0.84 1.5 0.57 1.2 0.51 1.3 0.52 1.5 0.08 0.6 0.62 2.3
Defined contribution..................... 0.98 2.5 0.79 2.1 1.05 2.7 0.68 2.2 0.56 2.1 1.51 2.8 1.28 2.7 0.74 1.9 0.93 2.7 0.10 0.7 0.50 1.9
Legally required benefits.................. 3.26 8.3 3.86 10.1 2.96 7.5 2.42 7.7 2.29 8.5 3.54 6.5 2.92 6.2 2.94 7.4 2.53 7.2 1.46 10.6 2.18 8.2
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.19 5.6 2.19 5.8 2.18 5.5 1.83 5.8 1.56 5.8 3.04 5.6 2.51 5.3 2.29 5.7 2.02 5.8 0.96 7.0 1.58 6.0
Social Security(6)..................... 1.76 4.5 1.77 4.6 1.75 4.4 1.46 4.6 1.26 4.7 2.42 4.5 1.96 4.2 1.81 4.5 1.62 4.6 0.78 5.7 1.28 4.8
Medicare............................... 0.43 1.1 0.42 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.37 1.2 0.31 1.1 0.62 1.1 0.55 1.2 0.48 1.2 0.40 1.2 0.18 1.3 0.31 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.23 0.6 0.33 0.9 0.19 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.15 0.6 0.18 0.3 0.17 0.4 0.21 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.15 1.1 0.16 0.6
Workers' compensation.................... 0.81 2.1 1.31 3.4 0.56 1.4 0.39 1.2 0.54 2.0 0.29 0.5 0.21 0.4 0.41 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.30 2.2 0.40 1.5
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste
services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Less than .05 percent.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by Census region and division, December 2016
Census region and division(1)
Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions West West divisions
Compensation
component
New England Middle Atlantic South Atlantic East South Central West South Central East North Central West North Central Mountain Pacific
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $40.55 100.0 $39.27 100.0 $40.98 100.0 $29.59 100.0 $30.90 100.0 $25.40 100.0 $29.49 100.0 30.23 100.0 30.40 100.0 29.83 100.0 33.97 100.0 29.02 100.0 36.35 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 27.10 66.8 27.61 70.3 26.92 65.7 21.00 71.0 21.81 70.6 18.00 70.9 21.15 71.7 21.07 69.7 21.14 69.5 20.91 70.1 24.03 70.8 21.07 72.6 25.46 70.0
Total benefits............................... 13.45 33.2 11.66 29.7 14.06 34.3 8.59 29.0 9.09 29.4 7.40 29.1 8.34 28.3 9.15 30.3 9.26 30.5 8.92 29.9 9.93 29.2 7.95 27.4 10.89 30.0
Paid leave................................. 3.02 7.4 2.90 7.4 3.06 7.5 2.03 6.9 2.23 7.2 1.66 6.5 1.90 6.4 2.07 6.8 2.09 6.9 2.03 6.8 2.26 6.6 1.80 6.2 2.48 6.8
Vacation................................. 1.54 3.8 1.51 3.9 1.54 3.8 1.04 3.5 1.15 3.7 0.85 3.3 0.94 3.2 1.13 3.7 1.14 3.7 1.10 3.7 1.14 3.4 0.93 3.2 1.24 3.4
Holiday.................................. 0.88 2.2 0.85 2.2 0.90 2.2 0.62 2.1 0.65 2.1 0.55 2.2 0.61 2.1 0.61 2.0 0.62 2.0 0.59 2.0 0.70 2.1 0.53 1.8 0.78 2.2
Sick..................................... 0.41 1.0 0.36 0.9 0.42 1.0 0.24 0.8 0.27 0.9 0.18 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.23 0.8 0.31 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.35 1.0
Personal................................. 0.19 0.5 0.18 0.4 0.20 0.5 0.14 0.5 0.16 0.5 0.09 0.3 0.12 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.11 0.3
Supplemental pay........................... 2.40 5.9 1.10 2.8 2.85 6.9 0.87 3.0 0.83 2.7 0.68 2.7 1.04 3.5 0.84 2.8 0.85 2.8 0.80 2.7 0.87 2.5 0.75 2.6 0.92 2.5
Overtime and premium(2).................. 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.27 0.9 0.24 0.8 0.29 1.2 0.32 1.1 0.27 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.23 0.6
Shift differentials...................... 0.08 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 2.07 5.1 0.75 1.9 2.52 6.2 0.54 1.8 0.52 1.7 0.35 1.4 0.67 2.3 0.51 1.7 0.51 1.7 0.50 1.7 0.61 1.8 0.50 1.7 0.66 1.8
Insurance.................................. 3.30 8.1 3.23 8.2 3.33 8.1 2.29 7.7 2.44 7.9 2.23 8.8 2.07 7.0 2.64 8.7 2.71 8.9 2.48 8.3 2.61 7.7 2.12 7.3 2.84 7.8
Life..................................... 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 3.10 7.6 3.04 7.7 3.12 7.6 2.15 7.3 2.27 7.4 2.12 8.3 1.95 6.6 2.49 8.2 2.55 8.4 2.33 7.8 2.50 7.4 2.01 6.9 2.73 7.5
Short-term disability.................... 0.10 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.06 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.68 4.2 1.54 3.9 1.73 4.2 1.15 3.9 1.28 4.1 0.87 3.4 1.06 3.6 1.19 4.0 1.18 3.9 1.22 4.1 1.39 4.1 0.96 3.3 1.60 4.4
Defined benefit.......................... 0.76 1.9 0.61 1.6 0.81 2.0 0.50 1.7 0.58 1.9 0.37 1.5 0.43 1.5 0.47 1.5 0.51 1.7 0.36 1.2 0.67 2.0 0.30 1.0 0.85 2.3
Defined contribution..................... 0.92 2.3 0.92 2.4 0.92 2.2 0.65 2.2 0.70 2.3 0.50 2.0 0.63 2.1 0.73 2.4 0.67 2.2 0.86 2.9 0.72 2.1 0.66 2.3 0.75 2.1
Legally required benefits.................. 3.04 7.5 2.89 7.4 3.10 7.6 2.24 7.6 2.31 7.5 1.96 7.7 2.27 7.7 2.42 8.0 2.43 8.0 2.39 8.0 2.81 8.3 2.33 8.0 3.05 8.4
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.19 5.4 2.21 5.6 2.18 5.3 1.75 5.9 1.82 5.9 1.52 6.0 1.76 6.0 1.79 5.9 1.79 5.9 1.80 6.0 1.95 5.7 1.75 6.0 2.05 5.6
Social Security(3)..................... 1.71 4.2 1.75 4.5 1.70 4.1 1.41 4.8 1.46 4.7 1.23 4.8 1.41 4.8 1.45 4.8 1.44 4.7 1.46 4.9 1.56 4.6 1.41 4.9 1.63 4.5
Medicare............................... 0.47 1.2 0.46 1.2 0.48 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.29 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.35 1.1 0.35 1.2 0.39 1.2 0.34 1.2 0.42 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.08 0.2
State unemployment insurance............. 0.29 0.7 0.25 0.6 0.30 0.7 0.10 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.08 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.17 0.6 0.19 0.6 0.14 0.5 0.21 0.6 0.16 0.5 0.24 0.6
Workers' compensation.................... 0.55 1.3 0.39 1.0 0.60 1.5 0.36 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.33 1.3 0.38 1.3 0.41 1.4 0.41 1.3 0.42 1.4 0.59 1.7 0.39 1.4 0.69 1.9
1 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private industry workers, by establishment employment
size, December 2016
1-99 workers 100 workers or more
Compensation
component 1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or more 100-499 workers 500 workers or more
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $27.71 100.0 $26.89 100.0 $30.16 100.0 $38.80 100.0 $32.57 100.0 $48.34 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 20.11 72.6 19.79 73.6 21.04 69.8 26.08 67.2 22.51 69.1 31.56 65.3
Total benefits............................... 7.60 27.4 7.09 26.4 9.12 30.2 12.71 32.8 10.06 30.9 16.78 34.7
Paid leave................................. 1.62 5.8 1.52 5.6 1.93 6.4 3.06 7.9 2.34 7.2 4.16 8.6
Vacation................................. 0.83 3.0 0.77 2.9 1.00 3.3 1.59 4.1 1.22 3.7 2.16 4.5
Holiday.................................. 0.51 1.8 0.49 1.8 0.59 1.9 0.90 2.3 0.71 2.2 1.19 2.5
Sick..................................... 0.20 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.24 0.8 0.38 1.0 0.26 0.8 0.56 1.2
Personal................................. 0.09 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.19 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.26 0.5
Supplemental pay........................... 0.99 3.6 0.91 3.4 1.25 4.2 1.33 3.4 0.95 2.9 1.92 4.0
Overtime and premium(1).................. 0.19 0.7 0.17 0.6 0.24 0.8 0.34 0.9 0.32 1.0 0.38 0.8
Shift differentials...................... (2) (3) (2) (3) 0.03 0.1 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.19 0.4
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.80 2.9 0.74 2.7 0.98 3.2 0.88 2.3 0.57 1.8 1.34 2.8
Insurance.................................. 1.85 6.7 1.72 6.4 2.26 7.5 3.57 9.2 2.90 8.9 4.59 9.5
Life..................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.07 0.1
Health................................... 1.76 6.4 1.63 6.1 2.13 7.1 3.35 8.6 2.73 8.4 4.30 8.9
Short-term disability.................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3
Long-term disability..................... 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.11 0.2
Retirement and savings..................... 0.80 2.9 0.63 2.4 1.29 4.3 1.93 5.0 1.32 4.1 2.85 5.9
Defined benefit.......................... 0.31 1.1 0.21 0.8 0.59 2.0 0.90 2.3 0.58 1.8 1.40 2.9
Defined contribution..................... 0.49 1.8 0.42 1.6 0.70 2.3 1.02 2.6 0.74 2.3 1.45 3.0
Legally required benefits.................. 2.33 8.4 2.32 8.6 2.39 7.9 2.83 7.3 2.55 7.8 3.26 6.8
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.64 5.9 1.62 6.0 1.70 5.6 2.19 5.6 1.88 5.8 2.66 5.5
Social Security(4)..................... 1.31 4.7 1.29 4.8 1.34 4.5 1.75 4.5 1.51 4.6 2.12 4.4
Medicare............................... 0.33 1.2 0.32 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.44 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.54 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.18 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.17 0.6 0.17 0.5 0.19 0.6 0.15 0.3
Workers' compensation.................... 0.47 1.7 0.47 1.8 0.48 1.6 0.44 1.1 0.44 1.4 0.43 0.9
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers in private industry...................... $32.76 $22.83 $9.93 $2.28 $1.15 $2.63 $1.31 $2.56
Management, professional, and related.......... 58.14 40.03 18.11 4.94 2.53 4.20 2.68 3.76
Management, business, and financial.......... 70.43 47.43 23.00 6.24 4.87 4.60 3.04 4.25
Professional and related..................... 51.72 36.16 15.56 4.26 1.31 3.98 2.50 3.50
Sales and office............................... 24.35 17.43 6.92 1.56 0.61 2.16 0.71 1.87
Sales and related............................ 23.86 17.87 5.99 1.39 0.62 1.53 0.60 1.84
Office and administrative support............ 24.69 17.12 7.57 1.68 0.61 2.60 0.79 1.89
Service........................................ 15.18 11.60 3.58 0.57 0.24 0.92 0.25 1.60
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 34.81 23.57 11.24 1.78 1.07 3.12 1.87 3.40
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 36.13 24.33 11.81 1.37 1.03 3.06 2.39 3.96
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 33.59 22.88 10.71 2.15 1.11 3.17 1.38 2.90
Production, transportation, and material moving 27.45 18.20 9.25 1.63 1.01 2.87 1.18 2.57
Production................................... 26.73 17.87 8.87 1.60 1.15 2.84 0.91 2.36
Transportation and material moving........... 28.15 18.53 9.62 1.64 0.87 2.89 1.44 2.77
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 39.03 25.94 13.09 2.54 1.51 3.64 2.14 3.26
Management, professional, and related.......... 70.11 46.90 23.21 6.05 2.59 5.19 4.86 4.50
Sales and office............................... 33.53 23.12 10.41 2.35 1.03 3.21 1.22 2.60
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 36.70 24.45 12.25 1.53 1.23 3.33 2.35 3.81
Production, transportation, and material moving 28.48 18.55 9.94 1.72 1.34 3.31 1.03 2.53
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42
Management, professional, and related.......... 56.52 39.10 17.42 4.79 2.53 4.06 2.39 3.66
Sales and office............................... 23.75 17.06 6.69 1.51 0.59 2.09 0.68 1.82
Service........................................ 15.14 11.58 3.56 0.56 0.23 0.92 0.25 1.60
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 32.43 22.46 9.97 2.09 0.88 2.85 1.25 2.89
Production, transportation, and material moving 26.70 17.95 8.75 1.56 0.76 2.54 1.29 2.60
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry...................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 6.9 3.5 8.0 4.0 7.8
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 68.9 31.1 8.5 4.4 7.2 4.6 6.5
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 67.3 32.7 8.9 6.9 6.5 4.3 6.0
Professional and related..................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.2 2.5 7.7 4.8 6.8
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.4 2.5 8.9 2.9 7.7
Sales and related............................ 100.0 74.9 25.1 5.8 2.6 6.4 2.5 7.7
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 69.4 30.6 6.8 2.5 10.5 3.2 7.7
Service........................................ 100.0 76.4 23.6 3.7 1.6 6.1 1.7 10.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 5.1 3.1 9.0 5.4 9.8
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 100.0 67.3 32.7 3.8 2.9 8.5 6.6 11.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 68.1 31.9 6.4 3.3 9.4 4.1 8.6
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 66.3 33.7 5.9 3.7 10.4 4.3 9.4
Production................................... 100.0 66.8 33.2 6.0 4.3 10.6 3.4 8.8
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 65.8 34.2 5.8 3.1 10.3 5.1 9.8
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.6 3.7 7.4 6.9 6.4
Sales and office............................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.0 3.1 9.6 3.6 7.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 4.2 3.4 9.1 6.4 10.4
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 65.1 34.9 6.0 4.7 11.6 3.6 8.9
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 69.2 30.8 8.5 4.5 7.2 4.2 6.5
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.8 28.2 6.4 2.5 8.8 2.9 7.7
Service........................................ 100.0 76.5 23.5 3.7 1.5 6.0 1.6 10.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 6.4 2.7 8.8 3.9 8.9
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.8 2.9 9.5 4.8 9.7
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by industry group, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... $39.03 $25.94 $13.09 $2.54 $1.51 $3.64 $2.14 $3.26
Construction................................... 38.15 26.62 11.53 1.68 1.03 2.95 2.02 3.86
Manufacturing.................................. 39.33 25.62 13.71 2.96 1.67 3.97 2.15 2.96
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 69.86 42.55 27.31 6.24 3.82 7.36 5.55 4.33
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 27.01 18.97 8.04 1.69 0.72 2.26 1.07 2.29
Wholesale trade.............................. 36.01 25.40 10.61 2.61 1.05 2.98 1.17 2.80
Retail trade................................. 18.71 14.15 4.56 0.90 0.38 1.26 0.40 1.63
Transportation and warehousing............... 39.24 25.15 14.09 2.79 1.22 4.13 2.42 3.53
Utilities.................................... 61.15 36.55 24.60 5.29 2.46 6.29 6.28 4.28
Information.................................... 54.10 35.69 18.41 4.97 2.31 5.25 2.34 3.54
Financial activities........................... 46.98 30.89 16.08 3.98 3.43 3.89 1.85 2.92
Finance and insurance........................ 52.36 33.93 18.43 4.61 4.22 4.31 2.22 3.08
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................ 41.58 27.81 13.77 3.69 1.79 3.84 1.78 2.66
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 47.63 31.76 15.87 4.18 2.06 4.32 2.29 3.01
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 30.09 21.38 8.71 2.01 0.96 2.59 0.71 2.45
Professional and business services............. 39.83 28.41 11.42 2.90 1.87 2.47 1.24 2.94
Professional and technical services.......... 51.04 36.70 14.34 4.32 1.28 3.50 1.78 3.46
Administrative and waste services............ 22.16 17.09 5.08 0.97 0.43 1.14 0.31 2.23
Education and health services.................. 34.92 24.56 10.36 2.73 0.63 3.02 1.45 2.53
Educational services......................... 44.45 32.17 12.28 3.19 0.23 3.66 2.11 3.10
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 53.57 37.66 15.91 4.42 0.32 4.76 2.92 3.49
Health care and social assistance............ 33.34 23.30 10.04 2.66 0.70 2.91 1.34 2.43
Leisure and hospitality........................ 13.73 10.86 2.87 0.38 0.13 0.72 0.18 1.46
Accommodation and food services.............. 12.34 9.88 2.46 0.29 0.11 0.60 0.11 1.34
Other services................................. 26.51 19.20 7.30 1.62 0.33 2.06 1.12 2.18
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3
Construction................................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 4.4 2.7 7.7 5.3 10.1
Manufacturing.................................. 100.0 65.1 34.9 7.5 4.2 10.1 5.5 7.5
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 100.0 60.9 39.1 8.9 5.5 10.5 7.9 6.2
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.3 2.7 8.4 4.0 8.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.2 2.9 8.3 3.2 7.8
Retail trade................................. 100.0 75.6 24.4 4.8 2.0 6.7 2.1 8.7
Transportation and warehousing............... 100.0 64.1 35.9 7.1 3.1 10.5 6.2 9.0
Utilities.................................... 100.0 59.8 40.2 8.6 4.0 10.3 10.3 7.0
Information.................................... 100.0 66.0 34.0 9.2 4.3 9.7 4.3 6.5
Financial activities........................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 8.5 7.3 8.3 3.9 6.2
Finance and insurance........................ 100.0 64.8 35.2 8.8 8.1 8.2 4.2 5.9
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................ 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.9 4.3 9.2 4.3 6.4
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 100.0 66.7 33.3 8.8 4.3 9.1 4.8 6.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 100.0 71.1 28.9 6.7 3.2 8.6 2.3 8.1
Professional and business services............. 100.0 71.3 28.7 7.3 4.7 6.2 3.1 7.4
Professional and technical services.......... 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.5 2.5 6.9 3.5 6.8
Administrative and waste services............ 100.0 77.1 22.9 4.4 1.9 5.1 1.4 10.1
Education and health services.................. 100.0 70.3 29.7 7.8 1.8 8.6 4.1 7.2
Educational services......................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 7.2 0.5 8.2 4.7 7.0
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.3 0.6 8.9 5.5 6.5
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3
Leisure and hospitality........................ 100.0 79.1 20.9 2.8 0.9 5.3 1.3 10.6
Accommodation and food services.............. 100.0 80.1 19.9 2.4 0.9 4.9 0.9 10.9
Other services................................. 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.1 1.2 7.8 4.2 8.2
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: private
industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.......... $38.67 $26.34 $12.33 $2.94 $1.50 $3.36 $1.67 $2.87
Management, professional, and related.......... 60.78 41.34 19.44 5.34 2.81 4.56 2.90 3.83
Management, business, and financial.......... 70.96 47.68 23.28 6.32 4.96 4.66 3.09 4.26
Professional and related..................... 54.45 37.40 17.05 4.73 1.48 4.49 2.78 3.57
Sales and office............................... 29.16 20.28 8.89 2.13 0.82 2.88 0.94 2.12
Sales and related............................ 34.18 24.74 9.44 2.45 1.05 2.51 1.02 2.41
Office and administrative support............ 26.89 18.25 8.64 1.99 0.72 3.04 0.90 1.98
Service........................................ 18.72 13.40 5.32 1.04 0.41 1.66 0.44 1.77
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 35.64 23.95 11.68 1.87 1.13 3.29 1.95 3.45
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 37.01 24.74 12.27 1.44 1.10 3.22 2.50 4.01
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 34.40 23.24 11.16 2.25 1.16 3.34 1.46 2.94
Production, transportation, and material moving 29.64 19.46 10.18 1.87 1.16 3.23 1.25 2.67
Production................................... 27.88 18.42 9.46 1.73 1.24 3.09 0.99 2.41
Transportation and material moving........... 31.73 20.70 11.04 2.04 1.07 3.39 1.57 2.97
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 16.82 13.37 3.45 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.74
Management, professional, and related.......... 39.14 30.62 8.52 2.04 0.55 1.59 1.12 3.23
Professional and related..................... 38.85 30.35 8.50 2.03 0.55 1.58 1.15 3.20
Sales and office............................... 14.15 11.39 2.76 0.36 0.17 0.65 0.22 1.35
Sales and related............................ 12.77 10.49 2.28 0.25 0.17 0.47 0.16 1.23
Office and administrative support............ 16.36 12.84 3.52 0.53 0.18 0.92 0.33 1.54
Service........................................ 12.23 10.10 2.13 0.18 0.10 0.30 0.09 1.46
Production, transportation, and material moving 17.33 12.38 4.94 0.48 0.29 1.21 0.84 2.12
Transportation and material moving........... 18.12 12.47 5.65 0.54 0.33 1.50 1.08 2.21
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.3 7.4
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.8 4.6 7.5 4.8 6.3
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.9 7.0 6.6 4.3 6.0
Professional and related..................... 100.0 68.7 31.3 8.7 2.7 8.3 5.1 6.6
Sales and office............................... 100.0 69.5 30.5 7.3 2.8 9.9 3.2 7.3
Sales and related............................ 100.0 72.4 27.6 7.2 3.1 7.3 3.0 7.1
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.4 2.7 11.3 3.4 7.4
Service........................................ 100.0 71.6 28.4 5.5 2.2 8.9 2.4 9.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.3 3.2 9.2 5.5 9.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 100.0 66.8 33.2 3.9 3.0 8.7 6.7 10.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 67.6 32.4 6.6 3.4 9.7 4.2 8.6
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 65.7 34.3 6.3 3.9 10.9 4.2 9.0
Production................................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 6.2 4.4 11.1 3.5 8.6
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 65.2 34.8 6.4 3.4 10.7 4.9 9.4
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 79.5 20.5 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.3
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 78.2 21.8 5.2 1.4 4.1 2.9 8.2
Professional and related..................... 100.0 78.1 21.9 5.2 1.4 4.1 3.0 8.2
Sales and office............................... 100.0 80.5 19.5 2.6 1.2 4.6 1.6 9.6
Sales and related............................ 100.0 82.1 17.9 2.0 1.3 3.7 1.2 9.7
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 78.5 21.5 3.3 1.1 5.7 2.0 9.4
Service........................................ 100.0 82.6 17.4 1.5 0.8 2.5 0.8 11.9
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 71.5 28.5 2.8 1.7 7.0 4.9 12.3
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 68.8 31.2 3.0 1.8 8.3 6.0 12.2
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.... $38.67 $26.34 $12.33 $2.94 $1.50 $3.36 $1.67 $2.87
Goods-producing(1)......................... 39.64 26.24 13.40 2.62 1.55 3.75 2.20 3.27
Construction............................. 39.22 27.17 12.05 1.79 1.08 3.13 2.14 3.91
Manufacturing............................ 39.73 25.83 13.90 3.01 1.70 4.03 2.19 2.97
Service-providing(2)....................... 38.40 26.37 12.03 3.03 1.49 3.25 1.52 2.75
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 34.15 23.43 10.71 2.45 1.01 3.09 1.44 2.74
Information.............................. 56.63 37.18 19.45 5.26 2.45 5.58 2.49 3.68
Financial activities..................... 49.76 32.54 17.22 4.31 3.75 4.15 1.98 3.03
Professional and business services....... 44.00 30.85 13.14 3.43 2.21 2.91 1.48 3.12
Education and health services............ 37.61 25.78 11.83 3.19 0.72 3.64 1.70 2.57
Leisure and hospitality.................. 18.55 13.62 4.93 0.92 0.29 1.65 0.41 1.66
Other services........................... 32.01 22.59 9.42 2.33 0.46 2.84 1.34 2.46
All part-time workers in private industry.... 16.82 13.37 3.45 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.74
Service-providing(2)....................... 16.69 13.27 3.42 0.50 0.20 0.67 0.35 1.71
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 14.52 11.17 3.35 0.38 0.21 0.83 0.42 1.51
Professional and business services....... 20.09 16.85 3.24 0.39 0.24 0.36 0.14 2.10
Education and health services............ 27.49 21.19 6.30 1.46 0.40 1.28 0.74 2.42
Leisure and hospitality.................. 10.96 9.28 1.68 0.07 0.04 0.19 0.04 1.34
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.3 7.4
Goods-producing(1)......................... 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.6 3.9 9.5 5.6 8.3
Construction............................. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.6 2.8 8.0 5.5 10.0
Manufacturing............................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 7.6 4.3 10.1 5.5 7.5
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 68.7 31.3 7.9 3.9 8.5 3.9 7.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.2 3.0 9.0 4.2 8.0
Information.............................. 100.0 65.6 34.4 9.3 4.3 9.8 4.4 6.5
Financial activities..................... 100.0 65.4 34.6 8.7 7.5 8.3 4.0 6.1
Professional and business services....... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.8 5.0 6.6 3.4 7.1
Education and health services............ 100.0 68.5 31.5 8.5 1.9 9.7 4.5 6.8
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 73.4 26.6 5.0 1.5 8.9 2.2 9.0
Other services........................... 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.3 1.4 8.9 4.2 7.7
All part-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 79.5 20.5 2.9 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.3
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 79.5 20.5 3.0 1.2 4.0 2.1 10.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 77.0 23.0 2.6 1.5 5.7 2.9 10.4
Professional and business services....... 100.0 83.9 16.1 1.9 1.2 1.8 0.7 10.5
Education and health services............ 100.0 77.1 22.9 5.3 1.4 4.7 2.7 8.8
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 84.7 15.3 0.6 0.3 1.7 0.4 12.3
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status,
December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) $39.03 $25.94 $13.09 $2.54 $1.51 $3.64 $2.14 $3.26
1-99 workers............................... 32.47 22.97 9.50 1.62 0.94 2.54 1.22 3.19
1-49 workers............................. 31.23 22.49 8.75 1.49 0.86 2.21 1.06 3.13
50-99 workers............................ 35.79 24.25 11.53 1.97 1.14 3.41 1.67 3.33
100 workers or more........................ 44.56 28.45 16.11 3.32 1.99 4.57 2.91 3.32
100-499 workers.......................... 39.01 25.52 13.49 2.68 1.46 4.15 2.00 3.20
500 workers or more...................... 53.00 32.90 20.10 4.29 2.80 5.22 4.29 3.51
Union...................................... 48.16 27.93 20.23 2.56 1.97 6.81 4.81 4.08
Nonunion................................... 37.36 25.58 11.78 2.54 1.43 3.06 1.65 3.11
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)............................. 31.50 22.20 9.29 2.22 1.08 2.43 1.15 2.42
1-99 workers............................... 26.93 19.64 7.29 1.62 1.00 1.74 0.73 2.20
1-49 workers............................. 26.20 19.37 6.83 1.52 0.92 1.64 0.57 2.19
50-99 workers............................ 29.16 20.47 8.69 1.92 1.27 2.05 1.22 2.22
100 workers or more........................ 37.36 25.49 11.86 2.99 1.17 3.31 1.68 2.71
100-499 workers.......................... 30.97 21.76 9.21 2.25 0.82 2.59 1.15 2.39
500 workers or more...................... 47.17 31.23 15.95 4.13 1.69 4.43 2.49 3.20
Union...................................... 47.68 28.89 18.78 3.85 1.16 6.15 4.17 3.45
Nonunion................................... 30.20 21.67 8.53 2.09 1.07 2.13 0.90 2.34
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.5 8.3
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 70.7 29.3 5.0 2.9 7.8 3.8 9.8
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 72.0 28.0 4.8 2.8 7.1 3.4 10.0
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 67.8 32.2 5.5 3.2 9.5 4.7 9.3
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 63.8 36.2 7.5 4.5 10.3 6.5 7.4
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 65.4 34.6 6.9 3.8 10.6 5.1 8.2
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 62.1 37.9 8.1 5.3 9.8 8.1 6.6
Union...................................... 100.0 58.0 42.0 5.3 4.1 14.1 10.0 8.5
Nonunion................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 6.8 3.8 8.2 4.4 8.3
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)............................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.1 3.4 7.7 3.6 7.7
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.0 3.7 6.5 2.7 8.2
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 73.9 26.1 5.8 3.5 6.3 2.2 8.3
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.6 4.4 7.0 4.2 7.6
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 68.2 31.8 8.0 3.1 8.9 4.5 7.3
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 7.3 2.7 8.4 3.7 7.7
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 66.2 33.8 8.7 3.6 9.4 5.3 6.8
Union...................................... 100.0 60.6 39.4 8.1 2.4 12.9 8.8 7.2
Nonunion................................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.9 3.5 7.1 3.0 7.7
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, December 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Health care and social assistance............ $33.34 $23.30 $10.04 $2.66 $0.70 $2.91 $1.34 $2.43
Management, professional, and related.... 47.16 32.75 14.41 4.09 1.01 3.84 2.28 3.18
Registered nurses...................... 52.82 35.53 17.30 4.76 1.72 4.56 2.56 3.69
Sales and office......................... 23.08 15.93 7.14 1.66 0.34 2.88 0.55 1.71
Service.................................. 18.84 13.55 5.29 1.11 0.44 1.64 0.39 1.71
Hospitals.................................. 45.35 29.84 15.51 4.20 1.53 4.60 2.07 3.10
Management, professional, and related.... 54.56 36.20 18.36 5.26 1.81 5.06 2.57 3.66
Registered nurses...................... 57.06 37.52 19.54 5.39 2.17 5.26 2.83 3.90
Service.................................. 24.06 15.29 8.77 1.71 1.10 3.19 0.93 1.83
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 22.65 16.34 6.32 1.51 0.50 1.98 0.35 1.98
Management, professional, and related.... 34.79 25.48 9.31 2.48 0.70 2.72 0.67 2.74
Service.................................. 17.16 12.24 4.92 1.04 0.42 1.59 0.22 1.64
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 25.45 18.25 7.19 1.75 0.61 2.22 0.51 2.11
Management, professional, and related.... 39.09 28.58 10.51 2.84 0.85 2.94 0.86 3.02
Service.................................. 18.39 12.93 5.46 1.16 0.51 1.82 0.33 1.64
Percent of total compensation
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 69.4 30.6 8.7 2.1 8.2 4.8 6.7
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 67.3 32.7 9.0 3.3 8.6 4.8 7.0
Sales and office......................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.2 1.5 12.5 2.4 7.4
Service.................................. 100.0 71.9 28.1 5.9 2.3 8.7 2.0 9.1
Hospitals.................................. 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.3 3.4 10.2 4.6 6.8
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 66.3 33.7 9.6 3.3 9.3 4.7 6.7
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.4 3.8 9.2 5.0 6.8
Service.................................. 100.0 63.5 36.5 7.1 4.6 13.3 3.9 7.6
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.7 2.2 8.7 1.6 8.7
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 73.2 26.8 7.1 2.0 7.8 1.9 7.9
Service.................................. 100.0 71.3 28.7 6.1 2.5 9.3 1.3 9.6
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.9 2.4 8.7 2.0 8.3
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 73.1 26.9 7.3 2.2 7.5 2.2 7.7
Service.................................. 100.0 70.3 29.7 6.3 2.8 9.9 1.8 8.9
1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
United States Department of Labor
