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Employment Cost Index News Release

NEWS RELEASE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR


TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL                                      USDL-20-0138
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 31, 2020

Technical information:  (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  • www.bls.gov/ect 
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov


				  EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – December 2019

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period 
ending in December 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries increased 
0.7 percent and benefit costs increased 0.5 percent from September 2019. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Civilian Workers

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2019, compared to 2.9 percent in December 2018. Wages and salaries increased 2.9 percent over the 
year and increased 3.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2018. Benefit costs increased 
2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019. In December 2018, the increase was 2.8 percent. 
(See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.7 percent over the year, compared with a 
compensation cost increase of 3.0 percent in December 2018. Wages and salaries increased 3.0 percent for 
the 12-month period ending in December 2019 and increased 3.1 percent in December 2018. The cost of 
benefits rose 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019 and increased 2.6 percent in 
December 2018. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Employer costs for health benefits increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019. 
(For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending 
in December 2019 ranged from 2.2 percent for management, professional, and related occupations to 
3.7 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Among private industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2019 ranged from 1.0 percent for information to 3.5 percent for construction. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government Workers

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2019. In December 2018, the increase was 2.6 percent. Wages and salaries increased 
2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019 and 2.4 percent a year ago. Benefit costs 
increased 3.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019. The prior year increase was 
3.1 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted
Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Jun.
2019		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Wages and salaries

 0.9 0.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Benefits

 0.6 0.5 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 0.8 0.7 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Wages and salaries

 0.9 0.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Benefits

 0.5 0.5 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.9

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 0.8 0.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.9

Wages and salaries

 1.0 0.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5

Benefits

 0.6 0.8 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

 

The Employment Cost Index for March 2020 is scheduled for release on April 30, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email subscription service 
at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

Videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used are available at 
www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm. 

Highlights of recent National Compensation Survey data are available in The Economics Daily at 
www.bls.gov/opub/ted/national-compensation-survey.htm.

An overview of available BLS compensation measures and an interactive guide on choosing among them are 
available at the BLS Commissioner’s Corner on “Making it Easier to Find Data on Pay and Benefits” at 
blogs.bls.gov/blog/2018/10/24/making-it-easier-to-find-data-on-pay-and-benefits.

Seasonal Factors

The 2020 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the past 
five years are scheduled for release with the March 2020 Employment Cost Index on April 30, 2020 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT), 
see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm.




						TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, methods, 
nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods at 
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size

Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 25,500 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,300 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current quarter 
not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available; see 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the public data query tools at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. 
Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an 
acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings

Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry 
series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification System 
series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and Standard 
Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous 
after the change in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous 
series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data

The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for 
Employee Compensation news release (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the 
fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those 
in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights

For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-
index.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Jun.
2019		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 138.0 138.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 135.1 135.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6

Manufacturing

 134.5 135.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 138.7 139.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6

Education and health services

 138.0 138.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4

Educational services

 138.8 139.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 139.0 139.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 138.4 139.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Health care and social assistance(5)

 137.2 137.9 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5

Hospitals

 137.6 138.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 134.0 134.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5

Public administration

 142.5 143.6 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 137.3 138.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 136.4 137.0 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4

Management, business, and financial

 138.1 138.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4

Professional and related

 135.1 135.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5

Sales and office

 138.3 139.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.7

Sales and related

 133.9 135.0 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.8

Office and administrative support

 141.4 142.2 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 137.2 138.0 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 137.8 138.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 136.5 137.4 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 138.0 139.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.0

Production

 135.1 136.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.7

Transportation and material moving

 141.7 143.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.3

Service occupations

 139.3 140.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 135.1 135.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

Construction

 136.2 137.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.6

Manufacturing

 134.5 135.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 122.1 122.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 -6.7 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3

Service-providing industries(5)

 138.0 138.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 140.0 141.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade

 134.8 135.0 0.4 1.0 -0.1 1.8 0.7 0.8 -0.3 0.7 0.1

Retail trade

 140.8 142.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9

Transportation and warehousing

 143.4 145.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3

Utilities

 149.9 151.2 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.9

Information

 135.0 136.0 0.5 0.6 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.8 -1.0 0.4 0.7

Financial activities

 137.9 138.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.2 1.2 0.5

Finance and insurance

 138.4 139.2 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities

 136.8 137.6 -0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities

 139.6 140.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 1.0 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

 135.8 136.3 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.4

Professional and business services

 138.2 139.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.6

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 140.4 141.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 135.0 135.9 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7

Education and health services

 136.5 137.2 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5

Educational services

 137.0 137.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 138.5 139.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance

 136.4 137.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5

Hospitals

 137.2 138.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 132.2 132.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

 138.7 140.4 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.2

Accommodations and food services

 140.3 142.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.2

Other services, except public administration

 137.7 139.4 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 -0.1 1.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 140.9 141.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6

Industry

Education and health services

 139.7 140.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.4

Educational services

 139.3 139.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.4

Schools

 139.2 139.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 139.4 140.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.5

Health care and social assistance

 142.6 143.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.6

Hospitals

 139.7 140.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.9 0.6

Public administration

 142.5 143.6 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Jun.
2019		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 136.9 137.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 136.4 137.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Manufacturing

 136.1 137.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 137.0 137.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

Education and health services

 134.1 134.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5

Educational services

 131.7 132.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 130.5 131.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 133.5 134.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.4

Health care and social assistance

 136.8 137.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6

Hospitals

 136.6 137.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 134.1 134.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6

Public administration

 133.3 134.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Private industry workers

All workers

 137.9 138.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 137.2 137.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.4

Professional and related

 135.9 136.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Sales and office

 138.6 139.7 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.8

Sales and related

 134.9 136.2 0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.2 1.4 1.0

Office and administrative support

 141.4 142.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 136.5 137.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 137.0 138.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 136.1 136.9 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 139.0 140.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.8 1.2

Production

 136.2 137.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0

Transportation and material moving

 142.3 144.4 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.0 1.5

Service occupations(4)

 140.6 142.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.6 1.3

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 136.5 137.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8

Construction

 136.5 137.5 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.7

Manufacturing

 136.1 137.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 144.3 145.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6

Service-providing industries(4)

 138.3 139.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 139.4 140.5 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.8

Retail trade

 141.8 143.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1

Transportation and warehousing

 143.3 145.5 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.6

Utilities

 145.3 146.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.7

Information

 134.0 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.8

Financial activities

 138.7 139.4 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.1 1.5 0.5

Finance and insurance

 139.7 140.4 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.0 -0.1 1.6 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 136.1 136.5 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.2 1.6 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

 138.6 139.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.3 -0.2 1.2 0.3

Professional and business services

 139.0 139.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.6

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 141.2 141.9 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.5

Education and health services

 136.7 137.4 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5

Educational services

 135.7 136.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 136.1 136.9 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance

 136.9 137.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 134.0 134.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

 141.9 143.6 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2

Accommodations and food service

 143.2 145.1 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.3

Other services, except public administration

 138.2 140.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 -0.2 1.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 132.3 132.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.5

Industry

Education and health services

 131.4 132.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5

Educational services

 130.9 131.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.4

Schools

 130.9 131.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 130.4 130.9 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.4

Health care and social assistance

 135.9 136.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.7

Hospitals

 134.5 135.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.9

Public administration

 133.3 134.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Jun.
2019		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 140.8 141.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5

Private industry workers

All workers

 135.8 136.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.5 135.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5

Sales and office

 137.4 138.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 138.5 139.2 0.6 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7 -0.4 0.7 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 136.1 136.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.5

Service occupations

 134.9 135.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 132.2 132.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.2

Manufacturing

 131.6 131.9 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2

Service-providing industries(3)

 137.2 138.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 158.1 159.3 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers(2)

 135.0 138.1 138.7 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.9 2.8 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 135.2 138.2 138.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 2.8 2.8 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.5 137.3 137.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.5 2.5 2.5

Management, business, and financial

 135.5 138.5 138.8 0.4 0.7 0.2 2.7 2.6 2.4

Professional and related

 134.0 136.6 137.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

Sales and office

 135.5 138.9 139.3 0.4 1.0 0.3 3.8 3.0 2.8

Sales and related

 131.0 134.3 134.6 0.4 1.4 0.2 4.2 2.9 2.7

Office and administrative support

 138.3 141.7 142.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 3.4 3.0 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 135.0 137.8 138.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 2.6 2.6 2.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 134.8 138.2 138.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.3 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 135.1 137.4 138.0 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.8 2.2 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.1 138.6 139.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 2.8 3.0 3.3

Production

 132.5 135.3 136.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.7 2.8

Transportation and material moving

 138.3 142.4 143.5 0.4 1.0 0.8 3.3 3.3 3.8

Service occupations

 137.2 140.8 142.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 3.4 3.4 3.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 131.9 135.2 135.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 2.3 3.0 3.0

Manufacturing

 131.6 134.5 135.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.1 2.8 2.8

Service-providing industries(5)

 135.6 138.6 139.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 3.0 2.7 2.7

Education and health services

 135.2 138.0 138.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 2.8 2.8 2.6

Educational services

 135.7 138.9 139.4 0.6 1.6 0.4 2.6 3.0 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 135.8 139.1 139.6 0.7 1.8 0.4 2.8 3.1 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 135.7 138.6 139.3 0.7 1.2 0.5 2.5 2.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance

 134.7 137.2 137.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.5 2.4

Hospitals

 135.0 137.6 138.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.8 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.6 133.9 134.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 2.9 2.4 2.2

Public administration

 139.2 142.5 143.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 2.6 3.0 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers

 134.4 137.4 138.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.0 2.7 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.5 137.5 138.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.8 2.7 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 133.8 136.4 136.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.5 2.3 2.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 133.1 135.7 136.1 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Management, business, and financial

 135.2 138.1 138.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.7 2.5 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.2 137.1 137.4 0.4 0.6 0.2 2.5 2.5 2.4

Professional and related

 132.8 135.1 135.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.5 2.1 2.1

Sales and office

 135.0 138.4 138.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 3.8 3.0 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 137.1 140.4 140.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.5 2.9 2.8

Sales and related

 130.8 134.2 134.5 0.3 1.4 0.2 4.2 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 135.2 138.4 139.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.6 2.7 2.8

Office and administrative support

 138.0 141.4 141.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.5 3.0 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 134.5 137.3 137.9 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.5 2.5 2.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 134.4 137.9 138.6 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.1 3.1 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 134.6 136.7 137.3 0.5 0.8 0.4 2.8 2.1 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 134.7 138.1 139.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 2.8 3.0 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.7 138.0 139.0 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.8 3.1 3.2

Production

 132.3 135.1 136.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.7 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.6 135.5 136.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.8 2.9

Transportation and material moving

 137.8 142.0 143.2 0.3 0.9 0.8 3.3 3.3 3.9

Service occupations

 135.6 139.2 140.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 3.6 3.5 3.7

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 131.9 135.1 135.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.3 3.0 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.2 135.3 135.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.8 2.8

Management, professional, and related

 130.0 132.9 133.3 0.5 0.5 0.3 2.3 2.7 2.5

Sales and office

 134.2 138.9 139.9 0.5 1.8 0.7 3.7 4.0 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.8 137.3 137.8 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.1 3.0 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 131.2 134.2 135.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.8 3.0

Construction

 132.4 136.4 137.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.8 3.5 3.5

Manufacturing

 131.6 134.5 135.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.1 2.8 2.8

Management, professional, and related

 131.1 133.9 134.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.0 2.6 2.5

Sales and office occupations

 135.4 138.8 139.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 3.1 3.0 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 132.1 134.6 135.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.1 2.2 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 130.8 133.9 134.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.9 3.1

Aircraft manufacturing

 120.3 122.4 122.3 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -6.7 1.5 1.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 135.2 138.1 138.7 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.2 2.6 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 135.3 138.2 138.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.0 2.6 2.6

Management, professional, and related

 134.6 137.1 137.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.7 2.2 2.2

Sales and office

 135.1 138.4 138.7 0.4 0.9 0.2 3.8 2.9 2.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 135.5 137.4 138.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 3.1 1.9 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 138.7 142.6 143.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 3.7 3.2 3.7

Service occupations

 135.6 139.2 140.6 0.8 0.6 1.0 3.6 3.5 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 136.8 140.1 140.7 0.2 0.6 0.4 3.4 2.6 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 137.3 140.7 141.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 3.3 2.9 3.0

Wholesale trade

 133.0 134.8 134.9 0.6 0.7 0.1 3.4 2.0 1.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 135.4 138.2 139.0 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.9 2.3 2.7

Retail trade

 137.3 140.9 141.7 0.1 0.4 0.6 3.4 2.8 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 136.2 139.5 140.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 3.6 2.9 2.9

Transportation and warehousing

 139.3 143.8 144.8 0.0 1.1 0.7 3.5 3.2 3.9

Utilities

 145.0 149.9 150.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 2.7 3.5 3.7

Information

 134.3 135.3 135.7 -0.1 0.4 0.3 4.6 0.7 1.0

Financial activities

 134.2 138.0 138.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 3.3 3.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.8 138.0 138.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 3.3 2.8 2.7

Finance and insurance

 134.5 138.5 138.6 0.1 1.0 0.1 3.4 3.1 3.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 132.5 137.0 137.1 0.2 1.2 0.1 2.9 3.6 3.5

Excluding incentive paid

 136.9 140.9 141.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities

 135.7 139.6 139.6 -0.1 0.4 0.0 2.3 2.7 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 135.2 138.4 138.8 0.1 0.0 0.3 2.8 2.5 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

 133.1 135.9 136.3 0.8 0.7 0.3 2.9 2.9 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 136.7 139.4 140.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 3.3 2.9 2.5

Professional and business services

 135.2 138.3 138.7 0.3 0.7 0.3 2.5 2.6 2.6

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 137.5 140.4 140.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 2.5 2.3 2.2

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 132.0 135.0 135.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.9 2.9

Education and health services

 134.1 136.6 137.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 2.8 2.5 2.3

Educational services

 134.4 137.3 137.6 0.4 1.6 0.2 2.5 2.6 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 136.2 138.9 139.5 0.5 1.2 0.4 2.8 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance

 134.1 136.4 137.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 3.0 2.4 2.2

Hospitals

 134.7 137.1 138.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 2.6 2.8 2.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 129.9 132.2 132.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.5 2.2

Nursing care facilities(2)

 129.7 131.4 132.1 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.7 2.2 1.9

Leisure and hospitality

 135.7 138.4 140.0 1.3 0.4 1.2 4.1 3.3 3.2

Accommodations and food service

 136.3 140.0 141.6 1.1 0.6 1.1 3.9 3.9 3.9

Other services, except public administration

 135.0 138.0 139.2 0.7 0.1 0.9 2.8 3.0 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Bargaining status

Union

 138.8 141.4 142.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.2 2.6 2.5

Goods-producing industries(2)

 133.2 136.3 137.0 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 2.7 2.9

Manufacturing

 126.9 129.1 129.8 0.3 0.6 0.5 -0.2 2.1 2.3

Service-providing industries(3)

 142.8 145.2 146.2 0.8 0.3 0.7 4.2 2.5 2.4

Nonunion

 133.7 136.8 137.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.9 2.7 2.7

Goods-producing industries(2)

 131.4 134.7 135.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 2.6 3.1 3.0

Manufacturing

 132.7 135.8 136.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.5 2.9 2.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 134.4 137.3 137.9 0.4 0.7 0.4 3.1 2.6 2.6

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 136.5 140.0 140.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 3.4 3.0 3.1

New England

 139.9 143.4 144.0 0.1 1.0 0.4 3.4 2.6 2.9

Middle Atlantic

 135.4 138.8 139.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 3.4 3.2 3.0

South

 132.5 135.3 135.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.6 2.5 2.5

South Atlantic

 134.8 137.5 138.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 2.8 2.6 2.4

East South Central

 131.3 134.9 135.5 0.2 1.5 0.4 2.3 2.9 3.2

West South Central

 129.2 131.8 132.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.2 2.4

Midwest

 132.3 135.0 135.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.0 2.6 2.6

East North Central

 130.9 133.5 134.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 3.1 2.5 2.4

West North Central

 135.8 138.7 139.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.8 2.6 2.7

West

 137.2 140.4 140.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.2 2.8 2.7

Mountain

 134.1 137.8 138.0 0.7 0.9 0.1 3.2 3.5 2.9

Pacific

 138.5 141.6 142.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.2 2.6 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers

 137.7 141.0 141.7 0.7 1.4 0.5 2.6 3.1 2.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 136.4 139.6 140.3 0.7 1.5 0.5 2.6 3.0 2.9

Professional and related

 136.1 139.4 140.1 0.7 1.5 0.5 2.5 3.1 2.9

Sales and office

 140.0 143.4 144.0 0.6 1.3 0.4 3.2 3.1 2.9

Office and administrative support

 140.1 143.5 144.1 0.6 1.3 0.4 3.2 3.1 2.9

Service occupations

 140.8 144.3 145.1 0.6 1.2 0.6 2.8 3.1 3.1

Industry

Education and health services

 136.5 139.7 140.3 0.7 1.5 0.4 2.7 3.0 2.8

Educational services

 136.1 139.3 139.9 0.7 1.5 0.4 2.7 3.0 2.8

Schools

 136.0 139.2 139.8 0.7 1.5 0.4 2.7 3.0 2.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.2 139.5 140.0 0.7 1.7 0.4 2.8 3.1 2.8

Health care and social assistance

 139.3 142.5 143.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 2.6 3.1 3.0

Hospitals

 136.5 139.6 140.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 2.3 3.3 3.2

Public administration

 139.2 142.5 143.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 2.6 3.0 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers(1)

 133.8 137.0 137.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 3.1 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 133.6 136.8 137.5 0.5 0.9 0.5 2.8 2.9 2.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 133.0 135.7 136.1 0.5 0.9 0.3 2.6 2.5 2.3

Management, business, and financial

 135.2 138.2 138.6 0.4 0.7 0.3 2.7 2.7 2.5

Professional and related

 131.7 134.3 134.8 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.5 2.4 2.4

Sales and office

 134.5 138.3 138.7 0.4 1.2 0.3 3.9 3.3 3.1

Sales and related

 131.4 135.2 135.7 0.4 1.7 0.4 4.5 3.3 3.3

Office and administrative support

 136.6 140.3 140.8 0.6 0.9 0.4 3.5 3.3 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.2 136.4 137.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 2.2 2.9 3.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 133.4 136.7 137.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.5 3.1 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 133.2 136.2 136.9 0.6 1.0 0.5 2.1 2.9 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.1 139.0 140.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 3.3 3.4 3.8

Production

 133.3 136.3 137.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.9 2.9 3.2

Transportation and material moving

 137.1 142.0 143.4 0.4 1.3 1.0 3.6 4.0 4.6

Service occupations

 135.6 139.4 140.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 3.7 3.7 3.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 132.9 136.5 137.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.8 3.3 3.4

Manufacturing

 132.9 136.1 137.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.8 3.1 3.2

Service-providing industries(4)

 133.9 137.1 137.7 0.5 1.0 0.4 3.1 2.9 2.8

Education and health services

 131.6 134.3 134.9 0.6 1.3 0.4 2.8 2.7 2.5

Educational services

 129.0 132.0 132.4 0.5 1.8 0.3 2.4 2.8 2.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 127.7 130.9 131.2 0.4 2.0 0.2 2.5 2.9 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 131.1 133.7 134.3 0.7 1.2 0.4 2.3 2.7 2.4

Health care and social assistance

 134.4 136.8 137.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.2 2.5 2.5

Hospitals

 134.2 136.6 137.6 1.1 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.9 2.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.4 134.1 134.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 3.2 2.9 2.6

Public administration

 130.8 133.4 134.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 2.4 2.7 2.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers

 134.7 138.0 138.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 3.1 3.0 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 134.6 137.8 138.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 3.0 2.9 3.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.6 137.2 137.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.7 2.3 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.4 136.0 136.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.5 2.4 2.3

Management, business, and financial

 135.8 138.9 139.2 0.4 0.7 0.2 2.6 2.7 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 134.0 137.0 137.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 2.4 2.6 2.5

Professional and related

 133.7 136.0 136.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.7 2.1 2.2

Sales and office

 135.0 138.8 139.2 0.5 1.2 0.3 4.0 3.4 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 136.9 140.6 141.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 3.6 3.2 3.1

Sales and related

 131.5 135.3 135.8 0.4 1.7 0.4 4.4 3.3 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.8 139.5 140.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 3.7 3.1 3.2

Office and administrative support

 137.6 141.4 141.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 3.5 3.4 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.4 136.6 137.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.3 3.0 3.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 133.6 137.1 138.0 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.5 3.2 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 133.1 136.3 136.9 0.5 1.0 0.4 2.0 2.9 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.1 139.1 140.5 0.5 0.9 1.0 3.4 3.5 4.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.2 139.0 140.3 0.7 0.8 0.9 3.4 3.6 3.8

Production

 133.1 136.2 137.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.9 3.0 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.4 136.6 137.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 3.0 3.1 3.3

Transportation and material moving

 137.5 142.6 144.0 0.4 1.3 1.0 3.7 4.1 4.7

Service occupations

 136.4 140.5 142.2 0.9 0.6 1.2 3.9 3.9 4.3

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 133.0 136.5 137.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 2.9 3.3 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.3 136.7 137.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.7 3.1 3.2

Management, professional, and related

 132.7 135.8 136.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.9 2.8 2.8

Sales and office

 135.3 140.9 142.2 0.7 2.4 0.9 4.2 4.9 5.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.6 137.2 138.0 0.5 1.0 0.6 2.5 3.2 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.2 135.4 136.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.6 3.1 3.4

Construction

 132.4 136.7 137.4 0.5 1.5 0.5 3.1 3.7 3.8

Manufacturing

 132.9 136.1 137.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.8 3.1 3.2

Management, professional, and related

 133.1 136.2 136.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.7 2.9 2.8

Sales and office

 136.0 139.6 141.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 3.3 3.4 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.6 136.5 137.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 2.0 2.7 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 131.9 135.2 136.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.6 3.3 3.5

Aircraft manufacturing

 141.5 144.1 144.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.1 1.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 135.2 138.4 139.1 0.5 0.8 0.5 3.2 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.0 138.2 138.9 0.5 0.7 0.5 3.1 2.9 2.9

Management, professional, and related

 134.9 137.5 137.9 0.4 0.7 0.3 2.7 2.3 2.2

Sales and office

 134.9 138.6 139.0 0.4 1.2 0.3 3.9 3.2 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.1 135.9 136.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.0 2.7 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 138.1 142.9 144.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 3.9 3.9 4.5

Service occupations

 136.4 140.5 142.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 4.0 4.0 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 135.7 139.5 140.2 0.2 0.9 0.5 3.4 3.0 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.7 139.7 140.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 3.3 3.3 3.5

Wholesale trade

 130.4 132.2 132.1 0.7 0.9 -0.1 3.5 2.1 1.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 131.8 134.8 135.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.4 2.9

Retail trade

 137.5 142.1 142.9 0.1 0.9 0.6 3.2 3.4 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.9 140.2 141.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 3.4 3.6 3.8

Transportation and warehousing

 138.4 143.7 144.9 -0.1 1.6 0.8 4.0 3.8 4.7

Utilities

 141.4 145.3 145.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.3 2.9 3.0

Information

 131.3 134.4 134.8 0.0 0.5 0.3 3.0 2.4 2.7

Financial activities

 135.0 138.7 139.0 0.2 1.0 0.2 3.1 3.0 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.0 137.9 138.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 3.1 2.5 2.4

Finance and insurance

 135.8 139.7 139.9 0.1 1.1 0.1 3.2 3.0 3.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 131.6 136.1 136.1 0.2 1.3 0.0 2.8 3.6 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.9 139.7 139.7 0.1 0.6 0.0 3.0 2.9 2.8

Insurance carriers and related activities

 134.7 138.6 138.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.2 2.0 2.7 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.2 135.9 136.3 0.2 -0.1 0.3 2.6 2.2 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 131.9 134.6 135.2 0.7 0.9 0.4 2.9 2.7 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 135.7 138.3 139.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 3.4 2.7 2.7

Professional and business services

 135.8 139.0 139.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.9 2.8 2.7

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 138.1 141.2 141.4 0.1 0.8 0.1 2.9 2.4 2.4

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 133.4 136.9 137.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.9 3.4 3.2

Education and health services

 134.2 136.7 137.4 0.7 0.9 0.5 3.2 2.6 2.4

Educational services

 133.0 136.1 136.4 0.3 1.9 0.2 2.3 2.6 2.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 134.0 136.5 137.2 0.5 1.3 0.5 2.5 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance

 134.5 136.9 137.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 3.3 2.5 2.4

Hospitals

 134.7 137.0 137.9 1.1 0.6 0.7 2.7 2.9 2.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.4 134.0 134.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.2 2.8 2.6

Nursing care facilities(1)

 131.0 132.9 133.8 1.1 0.4 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.1

Leisure and hospitality

 138.4 141.6 143.4 1.5 0.5 1.3 4.6 3.8 3.6

Accommodation and food service

 138.8 142.9 144.8 1.2 0.6 1.3 4.4 4.2 4.3

Other services, except public administration

 135.4 138.5 139.9 0.8 0.0 1.0 2.7 3.1 3.3

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Bargaining status

Union

 134.6 138.1 139.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.8 3.4 3.4

Goods-producing industries(1)

 130.2 133.1 134.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 2.0 2.7 3.0

Manufacturing

 127.5 129.6 130.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.7

Service-providing industries(2)

 137.5 141.4 142.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.2 3.8 3.6

Nonunion

 134.7 138.0 138.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 3.1 2.9 3.0

Goods-producing industries(1)

 133.6 137.3 138.2 0.6 1.0 0.7 2.9 3.4 3.4

Manufacturing

 134.0 137.4 138.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.8 3.2 3.3

Service-providing industries(2)

 135.0 138.2 138.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 3.2 2.8 2.8

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 136.0 139.8 140.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 3.3 3.3 3.5

New England

 141.5 145.4 146.1 0.1 1.2 0.5 3.4 2.9 3.3

Middle Atlantic

 134.0 137.8 138.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.2 3.5 3.5

South

 133.6 136.7 137.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 2.7 2.8 2.8

South Atlantic

 135.9 139.1 139.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 3.0 3.0 2.8

East South Central

 131.7 135.6 136.3 0.2 1.6 0.5 2.4 3.1 3.5

West South Central

 130.4 133.2 133.7 0.2 0.8 0.4 2.3 2.3 2.5

Midwest

 132.3 135.0 136.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.3 2.7 2.8

East North Central

 130.7 133.4 134.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.3 2.9 2.8

West North Central

 136.1 139.1 140.0 0.5 0.9 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.9

West

 137.8 141.4 141.9 0.5 0.9 0.4 3.7 3.1 3.0

Mountain

 135.2 139.0 139.1 0.7 1.1 0.1 3.4 3.6 2.9

Pacific

 138.9 142.5 143.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 3.8 3.0 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

All workers

 129.7 132.5 133.0 0.5 1.5 0.4 2.4 2.7 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 128.7 131.6 132.2 0.5 1.5 0.5 2.2 2.7 2.7

Professional and related

 128.5 131.4 131.9 0.5 1.5 0.4 2.2 2.8 2.6

Sales and office

 129.7 132.4 132.9 0.6 1.3 0.4 2.8 2.7 2.5

Office and administrative support

 130.1 132.9 133.3 0.6 1.3 0.3 2.8 2.8 2.5

Service occupations

 132.6 135.6 136.1 0.7 1.3 0.4 2.6 3.0 2.6

Industry

Education and health services

 128.8 131.7 132.2 0.5 1.6 0.4 2.4 2.7 2.6

Educational services

 128.2 131.3 131.6 0.5 1.8 0.2 2.4 2.9 2.7

Schools

 128.2 131.2 131.6 0.5 1.7 0.3 2.4 2.8 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 127.6 130.8 131.1 0.3 1.9 0.2 2.4 2.8 2.7

Health care and social assistance

 133.4 135.9 137.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 2.1 2.6 2.8

Hospitals

 132.1 134.5 135.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.9 2.6 2.9

Public administration

 130.8 133.4 134.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 2.4 2.7 2.6

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 138.1 140.7 141.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.8 2.3 2.2

Private industry workers

All workers

 133.6 135.8 136.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 2.6 2.0 1.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 132.1 134.5 134.8 0.3 0.4 0.2 2.3 2.1 2.0

Sales and office

 135.3 137.6 137.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 3.4 2.1 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 136.9 138.7 139.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 3.0 1.6 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 133.8 136.1 136.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.8 1.9 2.1

Service occupations

 132.8 134.8 135.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.4 1.9 2.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 129.6 132.3 132.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.2

Manufacturing

 129.1 131.7 131.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.2 2.2

Aircraft manufacturing

 97.7 99.3 99.0 -0.8 0.1 -0.3 -17.4 0.8 1.3

Service-providing industries(3)

 135.1 137.2 137.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 3.0 1.9 1.9

Bargaining status

Union

 145.7 146.9 147.4 0.6 -0.1 0.3 3.6 1.4 1.2

Nonunion

 131.2 133.6 133.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 2.3 2.1 2.1

State and local government workers

All workers

 154.4 158.5 159.5 0.8 1.3 0.6 3.1 3.5 3.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) 12-month percent changes -
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019		 Dec.
2018		 Sep.
2019		 Dec.
2019

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 2.3 2.7 3.5 2.0 2.9 3.9

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.5

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 2.0 3.3 3.1 2.2 3.9 3.8

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.0 3.0 3.4

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 2.9 2.2 2.3 3.1 2.5 2.6

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.9

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 3.2 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.6

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.7

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 5.0 3.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 2.2

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 3.0 3.7 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 3.8 3.6 3.3 4.1 4.0 3.7

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 3.6 2.4 2.6 3.8 2.9 3.2

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 0.6 2.4 1.4 3.7 2.4 1.3

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: January 31, 2020