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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                 USDL-22-0712
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 29, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov

				EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – March 2022

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in March 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 
increased 1.2 percent and benefit costs increased 1.8 percent from December 2021. (See tables A, 1, 
2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 
2022 and increased 2.6 percent in March 2021. Wages and salaries increased 4.7 percent for the 
12-month period ending in March 2022 and increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
March 2021. Benefit costs increased 4.1 percent over the year and increased 2.5 percent for the 
12-month period ending in March 2021. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 4.8 percent over the year. In March 2021, 
the increase was 2.8 percent. Wages and salaries increased 5.0 percent for the 12-month period ending 
in March 2022 and increased 3.0 percent in March 2021. The cost of benefits increased 4.1 percent for 
the 12-month period ending in March 2022 and increased 2.5 percent in March 2021. Inflation-adjusted 
(constant dollar) private wages and salaries declined 3.3 percent for the 12 months ending March 2022. 
Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector declined 4.0 percent over that same period. 
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending 
in March 2022 ranged from 4.0 percent for natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 
to 7.8 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 3.2 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in March 2022, compared with an increase of 2.0 percent in March 2021. Wages and salaries 
increased 3.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2022 and 1.6 percent a year ago. Benefit 
costs increased 3.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2022. The prior year increase was 
2.6 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Updated Employment Weights

Beginning with the December 2022 news release, the Employment Cost Index will introduce new 
employment weights based on the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, see 
www.bls.gov/soc/2018/home.htm.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 1.0 1.4 2.6 4.0 4.5 0.1 -2.9 -3.7

Wages and salaries

 1.0 1.2 2.7 4.5 4.7 0.1 -2.3 -3.6

Benefits

 0.9 1.8 2.5 2.8 4.1 -0.1 -3.9 -4.2

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 1.1 1.4 2.8 4.4 4.8 0.2 -2.5 -3.5

Wages and salaries

 1.1 1.3 3.0 5.0 5.0 0.4 -1.9 -3.3

Benefits

 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.9 4.1 -0.2 -3.8 -4.0

Health benefits

 - - 2.1 0.4 2.2 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 0.7 1.1 2.0 2.6 3.2 -0.6 -4.2 -4.9

Wages and salaries

 0.7 0.9 1.6 2.7 3.1 -1.0 -4.1 -5.1

Benefits

 0.9 1.5 2.6 2.5 3.5 0.1 -4.3 -4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 
coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures 
Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 29,800 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 7,400 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,700 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 2021, an 
additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact of 
decreasing response rates.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current 
quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. 
Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within 
an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings
Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and 
industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual and Occupational 
Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006 to the 
present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs 
for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in xlsx format at 
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather 
than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm.

Additional information
Starting with the ECI March 2022 release, inflation-adjusted or constant dollar estimates are 
available in the database at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. ECI release dates are available on the 
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS 
Economic News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are
deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 
telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2020		 Jun.
2020		 Sep.
2020		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 148.0 150.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 144.1 146.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.5

Manufacturing

 143.6 146.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 148.9 151.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.4

Education and health services

 146.5 148.4 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.3

Educational services

 145.9 147.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 146.5 148.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 144.6 146.1 0.7 0.5 -0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 147.2 149.4 0.7 -0.1 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.5

Hospitals

 147.7 149.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 146.3 148.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7

Public administration

 150.8 153.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5

Private industry workers

All workers

 147.9 150.0 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 144.6 146.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.3

Management, business, and financial

 146.0 147.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.3

Professional and related

 143.6 145.4 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3

Sales and office

 150.0 152.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.8 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.7

Sales and related

 147.1 150.0 1.6 0.6 0.1 1.4 3.3 -0.4 1.4 1.0 2.0

Office and administrative support

 151.9 154.1 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 146.7 148.5 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 146.7 148.4 1.2 -0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 146.8 148.6 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 150.9 153.2 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5

Production

 147.5 149.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.6

Transportation and material moving

 155.1 157.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5

Service occupations

 156.0 159.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 144.1 146.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.5

Construction

 145.2 146.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8

Manufacturing

 143.6 146.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 134.8 137.7 -1.4 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.5 7.0 0.4 2.2

Service-providing industries(5)

 149.0 151.1 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 152.7 155.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6

Wholesale trade

 145.9 148.6 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.9

Retail trade

 155.9 158.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.2 1.8

Transportation and warehousing

 154.4 155.8 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9

Utilities

 159.1 160.6 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.9

Information

 145.2 147.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.9 1.2

Financial activities

 146.8 148.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 3.2 -1.6 2.1 -0.5 1.0

Finance and insurance

 147.4 148.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 3.8 -2.0 2.3 -0.9 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities

 150.0 148.8 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.9 -0.1 2.1 5.3 -1.4 -0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities

 147.7 150.1 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

 143.8 146.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.0

Professional and business services

 147.9 149.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.4

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 149.3 150.9 1.5 -0.2 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.1

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 147.6 150.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.9

Education and health services

 146.0 148.2 0.8 -0.1 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.5

Educational services

 143.8 145.7 0.9 0.6 -0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.5 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 144.7 146.0 0.9 0.4 -0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 146.5 148.7 0.7 -0.2 1.2 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.5

Hospitals

 147.4 149.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 144.9 147.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8

Leisure and hospitality

 156.7 159.7 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.5 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.9

Accommodation and food services

 160.0 163.2 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.0

Other services, except public administration

 150.4 152.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 148.7 150.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.1

Industry

Education and health services

 147.1 148.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0

Educational services

 146.5 147.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.0

Schools

 146.4 147.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools

 147.0 148.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 152.1 153.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1

Hospitals

 149.1 150.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1

Public administration

 150.8 153.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2020		 Jun.
2020		 Sep.
2020		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 147.7 149.5 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 146.6 148.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing

 146.5 148.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5

Service-providing industries(3)

 148.0 149.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.2

Education and health services

 142.4 144.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.2

Educational services

 137.6 138.7 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.3 137.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 139.1 140.1 0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 147.6 149.7 0.9 -0.4 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4

Hospitals

 147.6 149.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 148.3 150.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 149.8 151.7 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 145.9 147.5 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.1

Professional and related

 145.0 146.7 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1

Management, business, and financial

 147.3 148.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.4 0.9

Sales and office

 152.0 154.2 1.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 2.3 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.4

Office and administrative support

 153.2 155.1 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.2 149.2 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 147.3 149.2 1.5 -0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 147.2 149.4 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 154.0 156.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4

Production

 150.2 152.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2

Transportation and material moving

 158.5 160.6 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.3

Service occupations

 159.7 162.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 146.7 148.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2

Construction

 146.7 147.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.7

Manufacturing

 146.5 148.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5

Aircraft manufacturing

 151.1 153.0 0.0 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 1.2

Service-providing industries(4)

 150.6 152.5 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 153.8 155.9 0.9 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4

Wholesale trade

 144.0 146.3 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.6

Retail trade

 158.9 161.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.5 1.5

Transportation and warehousing

 156.9 158.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.7

Utilities

 154.0 155.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8

Information

 144.5 146.6 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.5

Financial activities

 148.7 149.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 1.0 4.5 -2.1 2.9 -1.3 0.5

Finance and insurance

 149.9 150.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.2 5.3 -2.7 3.2 -1.8 0.1

Credit intermediation and related activities

 152.3 148.9 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.2 -0.2 3.2 7.6 -2.3 -2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

 146.9 148.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 143.9 147.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.2

Professional and business services

 149.5 151.4 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 150.6 152.0 2.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.0

Education and health services

 146.9 149.0 0.9 -0.3 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.4

Educational services

 142.8 144.5 1.1 0.6 -0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.4 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 142.1 143.2 0.9 0.4 -0.9 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 147.8 150.0 0.9 -0.4 1.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5

Hospitals

 148.2 150.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 148.9 151.6 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality

 162.1 165.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.6 1.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.9

Accommodation and food services

 165.5 168.6 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.8 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.9

Other services, except public administration

 152.2 154.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local government workers

All workers

 138.8 140.1 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9

Industry

Education and health services

 137.4 138.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8

Educational services

 136.5 137.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7

Schools

 136.5 137.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.1 137.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 145.3 146.5 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.8

Hospitals

 144.4 145.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8

Public administration

 140.7 142.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2020		 Jun.
2020		 Sep.
2020		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 148.9 151.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 143.4 146.1 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 141.6 144.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.8

Sales and office

 145.0 148.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9 1.0 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 145.8 147.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 144.6 147.6 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.6 2.1

Service occupations

 144.0 147.2 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.9 2.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 138.8 141.7 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 2.1

Manufacturing

 138.2 141.6 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.4 2.5

Service-providing industries(3)

 145.1 147.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.8

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 168.3 170.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers(2)

 143.7 147.9 150.2 1.1 0.8 1.6 2.6 4.0 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 143.5 147.8 150.1 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.5 3.9 4.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 141.5 145.0 146.9 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.9 3.2 3.8

Management, business, and financial

 142.3 146.0 148.0 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.8 3.3 4.0

Professional and related

 141.1 144.5 146.3 0.7 0.8 1.2 2.0 3.1 3.7

Sales and office

 146.4 150.1 152.7 1.9 0.9 1.7 3.8 4.5 4.3

Sales and related

 144.3 147.2 150.0 3.3 1.0 1.9 5.4 5.4 4.0

Office and administrative support

 147.3 151.6 154.2 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.6 3.8 4.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 143.0 147.0 148.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 2.4 3.7 4.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 142.7 146.9 148.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.6 3.7 4.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 143.4 147.1 148.8 1.1 0.9 1.2 3.2 3.7 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 145.5 151.1 153.6 0.9 1.2 1.7 3.2 4.8 5.6

Production

 141.9 147.5 149.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 3.2 5.0 5.6

Transportation and material moving

 149.6 155.5 158.0 0.7 1.4 1.6 3.1 4.7 5.6

Service occupations

 148.5 155.6 158.7 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.5 6.1 6.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 140.0 144.0 146.2 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.4 3.6 4.4

Manufacturing

 139.4 143.5 146.2 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.3 3.6 4.9

Service-providing industries(5)

 144.4 148.7 150.9 1.1 1.0 1.5 2.7 4.1 4.5

Education and health services

 142.4 146.5 148.2 0.5 1.0 1.2 2.1 3.4 4.1

Educational services

 142.7 145.9 147.0 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.5 3.0

Elementary and secondary schools

 143.3 146.3 147.4 0.2 0.4 0.8 2.2 2.3 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 141.2 144.8 145.8 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 2.6 3.3

Health care and social assistance

 142.2 147.3 149.5 0.9 1.6 1.5 2.3 4.5 5.1

Hospitals

 143.0 147.7 150.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.6 4.3 4.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

 139.9 146.4 148.8 1.0 1.8 1.6 3.2 5.7 6.4

Public administration

 147.4 150.6 152.9 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers

 143.3 147.8 150.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.8 4.4 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 143.0 147.6 150.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.6 4.2 5.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 140.7 144.4 146.6 0.9 0.6 1.5 2.0 3.5 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 140.1 143.4 145.8 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.0 3.3 4.1

Management, business, and financial

 142.0 145.8 147.9 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.8 3.4 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 141.1 144.0 146.8 0.9 0.8 1.9 1.9 2.9 4.0

Professional and related

 139.7 143.4 145.6 0.9 0.8 1.5 2.1 3.6 4.2

Sales and office

 146.1 149.9 152.6 2.0 0.9 1.8 3.9 4.7 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 146.5 151.6 154.4 1.0 1.4 1.8 3.0 4.6 5.4

Sales and related

 144.3 147.1 149.9 3.4 1.0 1.9 5.5 5.4 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 145.3 151.5 154.7 1.0 2.2 2.1 3.5 5.3 6.5

Office and administrative support

 147.1 151.7 154.3 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.7 4.2 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 142.7 146.7 148.4 1.0 0.8 1.2 2.4 3.8 4.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 142.4 146.6 148.4 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.6 3.8 4.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 143.0 146.8 148.5 1.1 1.0 1.2 3.5 3.8 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 145.1 150.9 153.4 0.9 1.3 1.7 3.2 4.9 5.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 144.8 150.6 153.0 0.8 1.3 1.6 3.2 4.9 5.7

Production

 141.7 147.3 149.9 1.0 1.1 1.8 3.3 5.0 5.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 142.1 147.9 150.4 0.9 1.2 1.7 3.3 5.0 5.8

Transportation and material moving

 149.3 155.3 157.7 0.7 1.4 1.5 3.1 4.8 5.6

Service occupations

 147.8 155.9 159.4 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.9 7.1 7.8

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 139.9 144.0 146.2 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.7 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 140.0 144.0 146.4 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.2 3.7 4.6

Management, professional, and related

 136.6 139.3 142.1 0.7 0.6 2.0 1.6 2.7 4.0

Sales and office

 143.5 148.3 148.0 0.1 1.2 -0.2 4.6 3.4 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 141.9 146.0 147.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.9 3.8 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 140.4 145.6 148.2 0.9 1.0 1.8 2.9 4.6 5.6

Construction

 141.3 145.2 146.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 2.7 3.5 3.4

Manufacturing

 139.4 143.5 146.2 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.3 3.6 4.9

Management, professional, and related

 137.7 140.5 143.4 0.6 0.5 2.1 1.7 2.6 4.1

Sales and office occupations

 141.9 145.7 148.8 0.9 0.5 2.1 1.6 3.6 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 140.3 144.2 145.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 2.9 3.4 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 140.1 145.2 147.9 0.9 1.0 1.9 3.0 4.5 5.6

Aircraft manufacturing

 125.0 136.9 141.0 1.5 0.1 3.0 3.6 11.2 12.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 144.3 148.9 151.3 1.3 1.0 1.6 2.9 4.6 4.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 144.0 148.7 151.2 1.1 1.2 1.7 2.7 4.4 5.0

Management, professional, and related

 141.5 145.4 147.4 0.9 0.7 1.4 2.1 3.7 4.2

Sales and office

 146.4 150.1 153.1 2.2 0.9 2.0 3.8 4.8 4.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 143.9 147.8 149.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 3.3 3.8 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 150.3 156.7 159.1 0.9 1.5 1.5 3.4 5.2 5.9

Service occupations

 147.8 155.9 159.4 1.5 1.8 2.2 4.0 7.1 7.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 146.7 152.6 155.3 1.1 1.7 1.8 3.2 5.2 5.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.3 152.6 155.2 0.9 1.6 1.7 3.1 4.5 5.4

Wholesale trade

 139.9 145.6 148.8 1.3 1.2 2.2 2.4 5.4 6.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 143.5 148.2 150.9 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 4.3 5.2

Retail trade

 148.4 156.0 158.8 1.2 2.4 1.8 3.8 6.3 7.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.4 153.9 157.0 1.1 2.1 2.0 3.9 5.6 6.5

Transportation and warehousing

 150.5 154.7 156.3 0.6 1.1 1.0 2.7 3.4 3.9

Utilities

 155.7 158.5 160.8 1.1 0.4 1.5 2.6 2.9 3.3

Information

 141.4 144.7 147.1 1.1 0.6 1.7 3.1 3.4 4.0

Financial activities

 146.8 146.0 148.5 3.8 -1.1 1.7 5.3 3.3 1.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 142.8 146.0 149.3 0.9 0.8 2.3 2.3 3.2 4.6

Finance and insurance

 148.4 146.5 148.8 4.5 -1.5 1.6 6.0 3.2 0.3

Credit intermediation and related activities

 141.2 148.8 148.5 0.5 -2.6 -0.2 2.0 5.9 5.2

Excluding incentive paid

 145.7 148.4 152.0 1.0 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.9 4.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

 144.6 147.1 150.1 1.1 0.5 2.0 2.8 2.9 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 143.2 145.8 148.8 0.8 0.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 139.7 143.9 146.9 0.6 1.2 2.1 2.0 3.7 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 143.9 148.1 151.0 0.8 1.1 2.0 2.1 3.8 4.9

Professional and business services

 143.7 147.9 150.2 0.9 0.8 1.6 2.1 3.9 4.5

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 145.2 149.2 151.1 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.4 3.6 4.1

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 142.1 147.5 150.4 1.3 1.3 2.0 3.5 5.1 5.8

Education and health services

 141.3 146.1 148.3 0.8 1.3 1.5 2.2 4.2 5.0

Educational services

 140.5 144.0 145.4 0.1 0.3 1.0 1.4 2.6 3.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 141.0 144.9 145.8 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.9 3.4

Health care and social assistance

 141.4 146.6 148.9 0.9 1.6 1.6 2.2 4.6 5.3

Hospitals

 142.6 147.4 149.8 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.7 4.5 5.0

Nursing and residential care facilities

 138.3 145.0 147.6 1.1 1.8 1.8 3.4 6.0 6.7

Nursing care facilities(2)

 137.7 144.1 146.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 3.5 5.9 6.5

Leisure and hospitality

 147.4 156.3 159.8 1.9 1.4 2.2 3.9 8.0 8.4

Accommodation and food service

 150.2 159.6 163.4 2.0 1.6 2.4 4.5 8.4 8.8

Other services, except public administration

 144.3 150.1 152.6 1.4 1.1 1.7 2.8 5.5 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Bargaining status

Union

 147.5 151.2 152.6 0.8 0.7 0.9 3.1 3.3 3.5

Goods-producing industries(2)

 141.8 146.2 147.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 3.1 3.8 4.0

Manufacturing

 135.4 140.7 142.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 3.8 4.5 5.1

Service-providing industries(3)

 151.6 155.0 156.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 3.0 3.2 3.2

Nonunion

 142.7 147.2 149.7 1.3 1.0 1.7 2.8 4.5 4.9

Goods-producing industries(2)

 139.3 143.3 145.7 0.7 0.8 1.7 2.2 3.6 4.6

Manufacturing

 140.5 144.4 147.3 0.7 0.7 2.0 2.1 3.5 4.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 143.6 148.2 150.7 1.4 1.0 1.7 2.9 4.7 4.9

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 146.1 149.6 152.2 1.5 0.8 1.7 3.1 3.9 4.2

New England

 149.0 153.4 156.5 1.4 0.8 2.0 2.8 4.4 5.0

Middle Atlantic

 145.1 148.3 150.7 1.5 0.8 1.6 3.2 3.8 3.9

South

 141.0 145.6 147.5 1.2 0.7 1.3 3.1 4.5 4.6

South Atlantic

 143.7 147.5 149.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 3.6 4.0 4.0

East South Central

 139.4 145.6 148.2 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.3 6.0 6.3

West South Central

 137.0 142.5 144.0 0.8 0.3 1.1 2.5 4.9 5.1

Midwest

 140.7 145.5 147.9 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.3 4.6 5.1

East North Central

 139.1 143.8 146.3 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 4.5 5.2

West North Central

 144.6 149.6 151.9 1.2 1.6 1.5 3.2 4.7 5.0

West

 146.8 151.4 154.3 1.2 0.9 1.9 2.7 4.3 5.1

Mountain

 143.8 149.3 152.2 1.3 1.3 1.9 3.1 5.1 5.8

Pacific

 148.1 152.4 155.3 1.2 0.7 1.9 2.6 4.1 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers

 145.4 148.6 150.0 0.3 0.7 0.9 2.0 2.6 3.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 143.7 146.6 147.7 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.9 2.4 2.8

Professional and related

 143.6 146.5 147.6 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.0 2.4 2.8

Sales and office

 148.4 151.4 153.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 2.3 2.3 3.3

Office and administrative support

 148.5 151.4 153.4 0.3 0.5 1.3 2.3 2.2 3.3

Service occupations

 149.6 154.1 156.2 0.3 0.9 1.4 2.3 3.4 4.4

Industry

Education and health services

 143.8 147.0 148.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.1 2.5 3.0

Educational services

 143.3 146.4 147.4 0.3 0.5 0.7 2.1 2.4 2.9

Schools

 143.2 146.3 147.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 2.1 2.4 2.9

Elementary and secondary schools

 143.8 146.8 147.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.4 2.8

Health care and social assistance

 147.6 152.1 153.7 0.6 1.3 1.1 2.1 3.7 4.1

Hospitals

 144.9 149.2 150.8 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.1 3.7 4.1

Public administration

 147.4 150.6 152.9 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers(1)

 142.9 147.7 149.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 2.7 4.5 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 142.2 147.0 149.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.4 4.3 4.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 139.7 143.4 144.9 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.7 3.4 3.7

Management, business, and financial

 141.9 146.1 147.6 0.6 0.2 1.0 1.6 3.6 4.0

Professional and related

 138.4 142.0 143.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.8 3.3 3.7

Sales and office

 146.8 150.9 153.2 2.4 0.9 1.5 4.3 5.2 4.4

Sales and related

 147.0 150.0 152.4 4.0 0.8 1.6 6.1 6.1 3.7

Office and administrative support

 146.2 151.2 153.4 1.0 1.1 1.5 2.7 4.5 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 142.3 146.7 148.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 2.6 4.2 4.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 141.8 146.7 148.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 4.4 4.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 142.8 146.9 148.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 3.6 4.0 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 146.9 153.6 155.8 1.1 1.5 1.4 3.5 5.7 6.1

Production

 143.7 150.1 152.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 3.5 5.8 5.8

Transportation and material moving

 150.3 157.5 159.9 0.9 1.7 1.5 3.4 5.7 6.4

Service occupations

 147.8 156.1 159.2 1.4 1.9 2.0 3.9 7.1 7.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 141.9 146.5 148.3 0.7 1.0 1.2 2.5 4.0 4.5

Manufacturing

 141.8 146.4 148.7 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.5 4.1 4.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 143.1 147.9 149.9 1.3 1.0 1.4 2.8 4.7 4.8

Education and health services

 138.2 142.6 144.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.8 3.6 4.2

Educational services

 134.9 137.8 138.5 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.6 2.2 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 133.9 136.5 137.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.7 2.0 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 135.8 139.3 140.0 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 2.7 3.1

Health care and social assistance

 141.9 147.8 149.9 0.9 1.7 1.4 2.2 5.0 5.6

Hospitals

 142.0 147.7 149.6 1.0 1.9 1.3 2.5 5.0 5.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 140.9 148.4 150.9 1.1 2.0 1.7 3.5 6.5 7.1

Public administration

 137.2 140.8 142.7 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.6 3.2 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers

 144.6 149.7 151.8 1.4 1.0 1.4 3.0 5.0 5.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 143.9 149.0 151.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.7 4.6 5.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 141.6 145.8 147.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.8 3.8 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 140.5 144.1 146.2 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.9 3.5 4.1

Management, business, and financial

 142.7 147.1 148.6 0.7 0.1 1.0 1.6 3.8 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 140.9 144.0 146.4 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.7 3.0 3.9

Professional and related

 140.8 144.9 146.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.9 4.3

Sales and office

 147.7 151.9 154.3 2.5 1.0 1.6 4.4 5.4 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 147.3 153.2 155.7 1.1 1.6 1.6 3.2 5.1 5.7

Sales and related

 147.2 150.1 152.6 4.0 0.8 1.7 6.2 6.1 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 147.1 154.1 157.0 1.0 2.4 1.9 3.7 5.8 6.7

Office and administrative support

 147.6 153.0 155.3 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.8 4.8 5.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 142.7 147.2 149.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 2.7 4.2 4.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 142.3 147.2 149.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.6 4.4 4.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 143.1 147.2 149.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 3.8 4.1 4.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 147.1 153.9 156.2 1.1 1.5 1.5 3.5 5.8 6.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 146.7 153.6 155.8 1.0 1.6 1.4 3.5 5.8 6.2

Production

 143.7 150.0 152.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.6 5.8 5.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 144.1 150.6 152.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.7 5.8 6.0

Transportation and material moving

 151.1 158.5 160.8 0.9 1.7 1.5 3.5 5.9 6.4

Service occupations

 150.1 159.5 163.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 4.3 8.1 8.6

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 142.0 146.6 148.3 0.7 1.0 1.2 2.5 4.0 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 142.0 146.5 148.6 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.2 4.1 4.6

Management, professional, and related

 139.9 142.7 145.1 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.3 2.5 3.7

Sales and office

 146.7 152.4 150.5 -0.1 1.4 -1.2 5.9 3.7 2.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 142.4 147.0 148.7 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.9 4.3 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 142.4 148.6 150.8 1.1 1.3 1.5 3.1 5.5 5.9

Construction

 142.1 146.6 147.2 0.6 1.0 0.4 3.0 3.8 3.6

Manufacturing

 141.8 146.4 148.7 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.5 4.1 4.9

Management, professional, and related

 140.6 143.4 145.9 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.4 2.3 3.8

Sales and office

 143.6 147.9 150.7 1.1 0.5 1.9 2.1 4.1 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 143.3 147.6 148.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.2 3.9 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 142.3 148.4 150.6 1.1 1.3 1.5 3.3 5.5 5.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 149.9 150.2 153.5 1.1 -0.1 2.2 3.0 1.3 2.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 145.3 150.5 152.8 1.5 1.0 1.5 3.1 5.2 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 144.4 149.8 152.2 1.0 1.4 1.6 2.8 4.8 5.4

Management, professional, and related

 141.9 146.3 148.0 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.9 4.0 4.3

Sales and office

 147.8 151.8 154.7 2.8 0.9 1.9 4.3 5.6 4.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 143.2 147.5 149.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 3.8 4.3 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 151.8 159.3 161.5 1.1 1.8 1.4 3.9 6.1 6.4

Service occupations

 150.1 159.5 163.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 4.3 8.1 8.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 146.7 153.7 156.0 1.2 1.9 1.5 3.4 6.1 6.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 147.0 153.1 155.4 1.0 1.9 1.5 3.4 5.2 5.7

Wholesale trade

 137.2 143.6 146.5 1.4 1.3 2.0 2.3 6.1 6.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 140.1 145.3 147.7 0.9 1.6 1.7 2.2 4.7 5.4

Retail trade

 150.3 159.0 161.4 1.1 2.7 1.5 4.2 7.0 7.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 148.8 156.3 159.0 1.1 2.3 1.7 4.2 6.2 6.9

Transportation and warehousing

 151.8 157.0 158.3 0.9 1.3 0.8 3.3 4.3 4.3

Utilities

 150.7 153.4 155.6 1.3 0.6 1.4 2.6 3.2 3.3

Information

 140.6 144.3 146.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 3.2 3.9 4.3

Financial activities

 149.5 147.8 149.8 5.1 -1.9 1.4 6.3 3.9 0.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 142.6 146.0 149.2 1.1 0.9 2.2 2.0 3.5 4.6

Finance and insurance

 152.1 148.8 150.5 6.1 -2.6 1.1 7.3 3.8 -1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities

 140.1 150.7 148.6 0.5 -3.8 -1.4 1.7 8.1 6.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 144.1 147.5 151.0 1.2 0.8 2.4 1.8 3.6 4.8

Insurance carriers and related activities

 143.9 146.3 148.9 1.3 0.4 1.8 3.1 3.0 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 141.1 143.6 146.2 0.9 0.7 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

 138.9 143.9 147.2 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.1 4.4 6.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 143.5 148.6 151.9 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.3 4.6 5.9

Professional and business services

 144.9 149.5 151.6 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.9 4.1 4.6

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 146.1 150.5 152.3 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.8 3.7 4.2

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 144.8 151.1 154.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 3.7 5.7 6.4

Education and health services

 141.5 147.1 149.1 0.6 1.4 1.4 2.1 4.6 5.4

Educational services

 139.4 143.0 144.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 1.6 2.7 3.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 138.4 142.4 143.0 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 3.0 3.3

Health care and social assistance

 142.0 148.0 150.2 0.9 1.8 1.5 2.2 5.1 5.8

Hospitals

 142.6 148.3 150.4 1.1 1.9 1.4 2.7 5.1 5.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 141.3 148.9 151.7 1.1 2.0 1.9 3.7 6.6 7.4

Nursing care facilities(1)

 140.4 147.5 150.2 1.2 1.7 1.8 3.8 6.3 7.0

Leisure and hospitality

 151.7 161.7 165.3 2.2 1.6 2.2 4.3 8.9 9.0

Accommodation and food service

 154.4 165.1 168.9 2.2 1.8 2.3 5.0 9.3 9.4

Other services, except public administration

 145.4 151.9 154.5 1.5 1.2 1.7 3.1 6.1 6.3

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Bargaining status

Union

 144.5 148.6 149.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 3.1 3.9 3.7

Goods-producing industries(1)

 138.6 142.6 143.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.8 3.7 3.5

Manufacturing

 136.7 141.4 142.3 0.9 1.1 0.6 3.6 4.4 4.1

Service-providing industries(2)

 148.3 152.4 153.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 3.2 4.0 3.7

Nonunion

 144.6 149.8 152.0 1.4 1.0 1.5 3.0 5.0 5.1

Goods-producing industries(1)

 142.8 147.5 149.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 2.5 4.0 4.6

Manufacturing

 142.9 147.5 150.0 0.8 0.9 1.7 2.3 4.0 5.0

Service-providing industries(2)

 145.0 150.3 152.6 1.5 1.0 1.5 3.1 5.3 5.2

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 146.7 150.7 153.1 1.8 0.8 1.6 3.4 4.6 4.4

New England

 151.5 156.3 159.4 1.7 0.6 2.0 3.0 4.9 5.2

Middle Atlantic

 144.9 148.7 150.8 1.8 0.9 1.4 3.5 4.5 4.1

South

 143.1 148.4 149.9 1.3 0.7 1.0 3.4 5.1 4.8

South Atlantic

 146.3 150.6 151.9 1.6 0.9 0.9 4.2 4.6 3.8

East South Central

 140.5 146.8 149.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.5 6.1 6.3

West South Central

 138.7 145.6 146.8 0.8 0.1 0.8 2.4 5.8 5.8

Midwest

 141.2 146.7 149.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 2.2 5.1 5.5

East North Central

 139.5 145.0 147.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 5.1 5.6

West North Central

 145.5 151.0 153.1 1.3 1.7 1.4 3.3 5.1 5.2

West

 148.4 153.6 156.3 1.3 1.0 1.8 2.8 4.8 5.3

Mountain

 145.3 151.9 154.6 1.3 1.7 1.8 3.2 5.9 6.4

Pacific

 149.8 154.5 157.2 1.4 0.8 1.7 2.7 4.5 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

All workers

 135.8 139.0 140.0 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.6 2.7 3.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.6 137.3 138.0 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.5 2.2 2.5

Professional and related

 134.5 137.1 137.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.6 2.2 2.5

Sales and office

 136.3 139.3 140.6 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.0 2.7 3.2

Office and administrative support

 136.7 139.7 141.0 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.9 2.6 3.1

Service occupations

 139.8 144.9 146.7 0.4 1.2 1.2 2.0 4.1 4.9

Industry

Education and health services

 134.7 137.7 138.3 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.6 2.4 2.7

Educational services

 134.1 136.7 137.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.7 2.1 2.4

Schools

 134.0 136.7 137.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.6 2.1 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 133.8 136.3 136.8 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.8 2.0 2.2

Health care and social assistance

 140.4 145.6 146.7 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.8 4.3 4.5

Hospitals

 139.4 144.6 145.7 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.8 4.4 4.5

Public administration

 137.2 140.8 142.7 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.6 3.2 4.0

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 145.6 148.6 151.5 0.8 0.7 2.0 2.5 2.8 4.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 140.3 143.2 146.1 0.9 0.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 4.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 138.6 141.3 144.2 1.0 0.7 2.1 2.4 3.0 4.0

Sales and office

 142.1 144.7 148.3 0.9 0.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 142.7 145.6 147.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 2.1 2.8 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 141.0 144.6 147.6 0.4 0.6 2.1 2.5 2.9 4.7

Service occupations

 140.1 144.0 147.3 0.9 1.0 2.3 2.8 3.7 5.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 135.8 138.7 141.8 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.1 2.8 4.4

Manufacturing

 135.0 138.2 141.7 0.5 0.4 2.5 2.1 2.9 5.0

Aircraft manufacturing

 98.4 122.4 127.3 2.1 0.2 4.0 4.2 27.0 29.4

Service-providing industries(3)

 141.9 144.8 147.8 0.9 0.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 4.2

Bargaining status

Union

 152.3 155.5 157.2 0.5 0.5 1.1 2.9 2.6 3.2

Nonunion

 137.9 140.8 143.9 1.0 0.8 2.2 2.4 3.1 4.4

State and local government workers

All workers

 165.1 168.5 170.9 0.4 0.8 1.4 2.6 2.5 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) 12-month percent changes -
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Mar.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 2.9 4.2 5.6 2.9 4.8 6.1

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 2.9 3.9 4.0 3.1 4.6 4.2

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 2.4 3.8 4.5 3.0 4.1 4.7

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 2.3 2.5 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.4

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 3.0 3.6 4.5 2.3 4.6 5.4

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 1.1 3.5 4.5 1.1 3.9 5.2

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 3.4 5.2 4.3 4.0 6.0 4.6

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 3.9 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.2 3.5

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 3.1 4.0 3.9 3.3 4.1 3.8

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 3.1 3.3 4.6 2.5 3.7 5.1

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 2.1 4.4 5.1 2.4 4.5 5.0

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 4.2 4.8 5.2 4.8 5.5 5.6

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 3.6 4.9 5.5 3.4 5.3 6.4

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 2.2 2.8 3.6 2.1 3.2 3.8

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 2.5 6.3 7.8 2.6 3.8 4.5

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: April 29, 2022