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Employment Cost Index News Release

NEWS RELEASE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL                                      USDL-19-0728
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 30, 2019


Technical information:  (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  • www.bls.gov/ect 
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov


					  EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – March 2019
					  
(NOTE: This news release was reissued on April 30, 2019. Tables A, 1, 2, and 3 were corrected to 
show revised seasonally adjusted data for previous quarters.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in March 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 
salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.7 percent and benefit 
costs (which  make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) also increased 0.7 percent from 
December 2018. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in
March 2019 compared with a compensation costs increase of 2.7 percent in March 2018. Wages and
salaries increased 2.9 percent for the 12- month period ending in March 2019 and increased 2.7
percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018. Benefit costs increased 2.6 percent for the
12-month period ending in March 2019. In March 2018, the increase was also 2.6 percent.
(See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.8 percent over the year, the same
increase as in March 2018. Wages and salaries increased 3.0 percent for the 12-month period ending
in March 2019 and increased 2.9 percent in March 2018. The cost of benefits rose 2.4 percent for the
12-month period ending in March 2019 and increased 2.5 percent in March 2018.
(See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in March
2019. (For further information, see chart 3 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month
period ending in March 2019 ranged from 2.3 percent for management, professional, and related
occupations to 3.4 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-
month period ending in March 2019 ranged from 2.2 percent for manufacturing to 4.8 percent for
information. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government Workers

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 3.0 percent for the 12-month
period ending in March 2019. In March 2018, the increase was 2.2 percent. Wages and salaries
increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2019, compared with 1.8 percent a year
ago. Benefit costs increased 3.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2019. The prior
year increase was 3.0 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 0.7 0.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

Wages and salaries

 0.7 0.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9

Benefits

 0.7 0.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 0.7 0.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8

Wages and salaries

 0.7 0.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

Benefits

 0.5 0.5 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.0

Wages and salaries

 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.5

Benefits

 0.9 1.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

 
  
The Employment Cost Index for June 2019 is scheduled for release on July 31, 2019, at 8:30 a.m.
(EDT).

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email subscription
service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

Videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used are
available at www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm.

Highlights of recent National Compensation Survey data are available in The Economics Daily at
www.bls.gov/opub/ted/national-compensation-survey.htm.

An overview of available BLS compensation measures and an interactive guide on choosing among them,
are available at the BLS Commissioner’s Corner on “Making it Easier to Find Data on Pay and
Benefits” at blogs.bls.gov/blog/2018/10/24/making-it-easier-to-find-data-on-pay-and-benefits.

Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2019 reference year and the revisions of historical
seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years can be found at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/
ectsfact.htm.




						TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment 
shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, methods, nonresponse 
adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods at 
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size

Data for the March 2019 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 26,500 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,500 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local government 
establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of all 
current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the public data query tools at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. Standard errors 
provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for 
their intended purpose. 

Historical listings

Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry series 
listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification System series from 
1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational 
Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change 
in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the 
article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data

The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for Employee 
Compensation news release (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/2019/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed 
weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed Employment Weights

For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-index.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2017		 Jun.
2017		 Sep.
2017		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 135.2 136.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 132.0 133.1 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing

 131.7 132.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 136.0 136.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Education and health services

 135.2 136.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6

Educational services

 135.7 136.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 135.8 136.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 135.6 136.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6

Health care and social assistance(5)

 134.7 135.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

Hospitals

 135.0 135.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.7 132.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5

Public administration

 139.4 140.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 134.6 135.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.0 134.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial

 135.4 136.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5

Professional and related

 133.1 133.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

Sales and office

 135.5 136.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6

Sales and related

 131.3 132.0 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5

Office and administrative support

 138.4 139.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 134.6 135.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 134.5 135.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 134.7 135.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 134.9 136.3 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0

Production

 132.3 133.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9

Transportation and material moving

 138.1 139.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2

Service occupations

 135.8 136.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 131.9 133.1 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9

Construction

 132.5 133.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing

 131.7 132.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 120.5 121.2 1.5 0.7 8.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 -6.7 0.3 0.6

Service-providing industries(5)

 135.4 136.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 137.2 138.3 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade

 133.1 134.2 1.5 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.1 1.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade

 137.8 138.7 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

 139.8 141.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.0

Utilities

 145.7 148.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8

Information

 134.8 135.9 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.8

Financial activities

 134.7 135.9 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9

Finance and insurance

 135.0 136.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities

 133.0 134.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities

 136.4 138.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 133.1 134.4 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services

 135.6 136.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.3

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 138.0 138.1 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.1

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 132.1 133.1 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8

Education and health services

 134.1 134.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4

Educational services

 134.2 134.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 136.0 137.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 134.1 134.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4

Hospitals

 134.7 135.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 130.0 130.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

 136.1 136.6 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.4

Accommodations and food services

 136.7 137.6 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7

Other services, except public administration

 135.3 136.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers

 137.8 138.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Industry

Education and health services

 136.5 137.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services

 136.1 137.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Schools

 136.0 136.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.2 137.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 139.3 140.5 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9

Hospitals

 136.3 137.9 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.2

Public administration

 139.4 140.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2017		 Jun.
2017		 Sep.
2017		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 133.9 134.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 133.1 134.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8

Manufacturing

 133.0 134.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 134.1 135.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Education and health services

 131.5 132.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

Educational services

 128.8 129.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 127.5 128.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 130.9 131.7 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Health care and social assistance

 134.4 135.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4

Hospitals

 134.2 134.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.5 132.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6

Public administration

 130.7 131.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 134.9 135.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 134.7 135.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5

Professional and related

 133.9 134.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4

Sales and office

 135.4 136.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Sales and related

 131.9 132.8 0.9 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.7

Office and administrative support

 137.9 139.1 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.4 134.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 133.7 134.8 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 133.1 133.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.4 137.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2

Production

 133.2 134.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9

Transportation and material moving

 137.9 140.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6

Service occupations(4)

 136.6 138.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 133.1 134.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Construction

 132.5 133.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7

Manufacturing

 133.0 134.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 142.5 143.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3

Service-providing industries(4)

 135.4 136.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 136.1 137.5 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0

Retail trade

 137.9 139.3 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0

Transportation and warehousing

 139.0 140.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3

Utilities

 142.0 143.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9

Information

 131.6 132.9 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0

Financial activities

 135.4 136.8 -0.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0

Finance and insurance

 136.3 137.6 -0.2 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 132.0 133.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 135.4 137.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.3

Professional and business services

 136.1 136.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 138.6 138.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.0

Education and health services

 134.2 134.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4

Educational services

 132.7 133.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 133.7 134.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance

 134.5 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 131.5 132.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

 138.7 139.5 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6

Accommodations and food service

 139.1 140.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.8

Other services, except public administration

 135.7 137.0 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1 1.3 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers

 129.5 130.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Industry

Education and health services

 128.6 129.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Educational services

 128.1 128.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5

Schools

 128.0 128.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 127.4 128.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance

 133.3 134.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Hospitals

 131.9 133.0 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8

Public administration

 130.7 131.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2017		 Jun.
2017		 Sep.
2017		 Dec.
2017		 Mar.
2018		 Jun.
2018		 Sep.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 138.4 139.3 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 133.9 134.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 132.6 133.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3

Sales and office

 135.8 136.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 137.1 138.0 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 134.0 134.9 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7

Service occupations

 133.0 133.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 129.6 130.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.9

Manufacturing

 129.2 130.4 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 135.5 136.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 154.2 155.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers(2)

 132.5 135.0 136.2 1.0 0.4 0.9 2.7 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 132.7 135.2 136.3 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 132.2 134.5 135.4 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.4

Management, business, and financial

 133.4 135.5 136.5 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Professional and related

 131.6 134.0 134.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.3 2.4 2.4

Sales and office

 132.4 135.5 136.8 1.4 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Sales and related

 127.8 131.0 132.2 1.7 0.4 0.9 3.3 4.2 3.4

Office and administrative support

 135.2 138.3 139.7 1.1 0.5 1.0 2.7 3.4 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 132.2 135.0 135.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.6 2.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 132.4 134.8 135.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 132.0 135.1 135.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.9 2.8 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.9 135.1 136.8 1.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 2.8 2.9

Production

 130.5 132.5 133.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 3.0 2.4 2.5

Transportation and material moving

 135.8 138.3 140.4 1.4 0.4 1.5 3.6 3.3 3.4

Service occupations

 134.2 137.2 138.7 1.1 0.7 1.1 3.0 3.4 3.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 129.9 131.9 133.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing

 130.0 131.6 132.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.1 2.2

Service-providing industries(5)

 132.9 135.6 136.7 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.7 3.0 2.9

Education and health services

 132.3 135.2 135.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.8 2.6

Educational services

 132.6 135.7 136.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.6 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 132.5 135.8 136.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 132.8 135.7 136.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.8 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance

 132.1 134.7 135.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.3 2.9 2.6

Hospitals

 132.4 135.0 135.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.0 2.5 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 129.1 131.6 132.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.7 2.9 2.5

Public administration

 136.2 139.2 140.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 2.6 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers

 131.9 134.4 135.6 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.2 134.5 135.7 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.7 2.8 2.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 131.8 133.8 134.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.5 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 131.2 133.1 134.1 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.5 2.5 2.2

Management, business, and financial

 133.2 135.2 136.2 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.5 134.2 135.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.7 2.5 2.1

Professional and related

 130.8 132.8 133.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.5 2.2

Sales and office

 132.0 135.0 136.4 1.5 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.1 137.1 138.5 1.3 0.4 1.0 2.8 3.5 3.3

Sales and related

 127.7 130.8 132.0 1.8 0.3 0.9 3.3 4.2 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.3 135.2 136.7 1.4 0.4 1.1 3.0 3.6 3.3

Office and administrative support

 135.0 138.0 139.5 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.7 3.5 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 131.8 134.5 135.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 132.2 134.4 135.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.1 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 131.3 134.6 135.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.8 2.8 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.5 134.7 136.4 1.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 2.8 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.6 134.7 136.1 1.2 0.6 1.0 3.2 2.8 2.6

Production

 130.2 132.3 133.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 2.9 2.4 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 130.5 132.6 133.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 3.0 2.4 2.6

Transportation and material moving

 135.4 137.8 140.1 1.5 0.3 1.7 3.7 3.3 3.5

Service occupations

 132.7 135.6 137.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 3.2 3.6 3.4

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 129.9 131.9 133.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 130.3 132.2 133.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.2 2.4

Management, professional, and related

 128.7 130.0 131.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.9 2.3 2.1

Sales and office

 130.4 134.2 135.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 2.5 3.7 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 131.6 133.8 134.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.1 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 129.5 131.2 132.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 2.8 1.9 2.3

Construction

 129.7 132.4 133.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.8 2.9

Manufacturing

 130.0 131.6 132.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.1 2.2

Management, professional, and related

 130.0 131.1 132.6 1.2 0.5 1.1 2.8 2.0 2.0

Sales and office occupations

 132.4 135.4 136.8 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.6 3.1 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 130.8 132.1 132.8 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.7 1.1 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 129.2 130.8 132.2 0.7 0.5 1.1 2.9 1.9 2.3

Aircraft manufacturing

 132.1 120.3 122.1 2.5 -0.2 1.5 14.0 -6.7 -7.6

Service-providing industries(4)

 132.6 135.2 136.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.9 3.2 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.9 135.3 136.5 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.7

Management, professional, and related

 132.4 134.6 135.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.7 2.3

Sales and office

 132.1 135.1 136.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 132.0 135.5 136.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.9 3.1 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.9 138.7 140.9 1.6 0.4 1.6 3.7 3.7 3.7

Service occupations

 132.6 135.6 137.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 3.1 3.6 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 134.0 136.8 138.4 1.3 0.2 1.2 3.0 3.4 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.5 137.3 138.7 1.2 0.4 1.0 2.8 3.3 3.1

Wholesale trade

 130.0 133.0 134.2 1.1 0.6 0.9 2.5 3.4 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 133.0 135.4 136.6 1.1 0.2 0.9 2.9 2.9 2.7

Retail trade

 134.3 137.3 138.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 3.0 3.4 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.9 136.2 137.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 2.5 3.6 3.6

Transportation and warehousing

 136.8 139.3 141.5 1.6 0.0 1.6 3.6 3.5 3.4

Utilities

 143.5 145.0 148.5 1.6 0.1 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.5

Information

 129.4 134.3 135.6 0.8 -0.1 1.0 2.6 4.6 4.8

Financial activities

 132.0 134.2 135.6 1.6 0.2 1.0 3.3 3.3 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 132.5 134.8 136.4 1.5 0.4 1.2 2.7 3.3 2.9

Finance and insurance

 132.2 134.5 135.9 1.6 0.1 1.0 3.3 3.4 2.8

Credit intermediation and related activities

 130.6 132.5 134.2 1.4 0.2 1.3 2.2 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid

 134.8 136.9 138.8 1.5 0.1 1.4 2.1 3.1 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities

 134.1 135.7 137.8 1.1 -0.1 1.5 2.5 2.3 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 133.0 135.2 136.9 1.1 0.1 1.3 2.5 2.8 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 130.9 133.1 134.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 3.0 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 134.0 136.7 138.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.9 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services

 133.3 135.2 136.3 1.1 0.3 0.8 3.0 2.5 2.3

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 135.9 137.5 138.6 1.3 0.1 0.8 3.0 2.5 2.0

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 129.3 132.0 133.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 3.2 2.7 2.9

Education and health services

 131.4 134.1 134.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.5

Educational services

 131.5 134.4 134.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.9 2.5 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 133.0 136.2 136.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.9

Health care and social assistance

 131.4 134.1 134.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.3 3.0 2.6

Hospitals

 132.1 134.7 135.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 2.6 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 127.6 129.9 130.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.7 2.7 2.4

Nursing care facilities(2)

 127.1 129.7 130.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 2.5 2.7 2.4

Leisure and hospitality

 132.6 135.7 137.0 1.8 1.3 1.0 3.2 4.1 3.3

Accommodations and food service

 133.5 136.3 138.0 1.8 1.1 1.2 3.2 3.9 3.4

Other services, except public administration

 132.9 135.0 136.6 1.2 0.7 1.2 2.9 2.8 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Bargaining status

Union

 135.4 138.8 140.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.7 3.2 3.4

Goods-producing industries(2)

 132.3 133.2 134.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 3.0 1.1 1.4

Manufacturing

 127.8 126.9 127.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 4.0 -0.2 -0.1

Service-providing industries(3)

 138.2 142.8 144.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.5 4.2 4.3

Nonunion

 131.4 133.7 134.9 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.8 2.9 2.7

Goods-producing industries(2)

 129.2 131.4 132.6 0.9 0.5 0.9 2.6 2.6 2.6

Manufacturing

 130.7 132.7 134.2 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.7 2.5 2.7

Service-providing industries(3)

 132.0 134.4 135.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 3.0 3.1 2.7

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 133.7 136.5 138.1 1.3 0.4 1.2 2.7 3.4 3.3

New England

 136.5 139.9 141.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 2.9 3.4 3.4

Middle Atlantic

 132.7 135.4 137.1 1.4 0.7 1.3 2.6 3.4 3.3

South

 130.4 132.5 133.3 0.9 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.6 2.2

South Atlantic

 132.3 134.8 135.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.8 2.5

East South Central

 130.0 131.3 132.1 1.2 0.2 0.6 2.8 2.3 1.6

West South Central

 127.4 129.2 130.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.0

Midwest

 129.8 132.3 133.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 2.4 3.0 2.9

East North Central

 128.4 130.9 132.3 1.1 0.5 1.1 2.6 3.1 3.0

West North Central

 133.3 135.8 136.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.9 2.8 2.5

West

 134.6 137.2 138.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 3.6 3.2 2.9

Mountain

 131.7 134.1 135.3 1.3 0.7 0.9 3.3 3.2 2.7

Pacific

 135.9 138.5 139.9 1.3 0.4 1.0 3.8 3.2 2.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers

 134.6 137.7 138.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.6 3.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 133.4 136.4 137.1 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.8

Professional and related

 133.2 136.1 136.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.7

Sales and office

 136.3 140.0 140.9 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.2 3.4

Office and administrative support

 136.3 140.1 141.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.2 3.4

Service occupations

 137.6 140.8 142.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.4 2.8 3.3

Industry

Education and health services

 133.3 136.5 137.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9

Educational services

 132.9 136.1 136.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9

Schools

 132.9 136.0 136.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.8

Elementary and secondary schools

 132.9 136.2 136.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.4 2.8 2.9

Health care and social assistance

 136.6 139.3 140.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.6 2.9

Hospitals

 133.9 136.5 137.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.3 3.0

Public administration

 136.2 139.2 140.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 2.6 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers(1)

 131.1 133.8 134.9 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.7 3.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 131.1 133.6 134.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 130.6 133.0 133.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 2.4 2.6 2.4

Management, business, and financial

 133.0 135.2 136.1 1.0 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Professional and related

 129.3 131.7 132.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.4

Sales and office

 131.4 134.5 136.0 1.5 0.4 1.1 3.1 3.9 3.5

Sales and related

 128.2 131.4 132.8 1.9 0.4 1.1 3.6 4.5 3.6

Office and administrative support

 133.5 136.6 138.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 2.7 3.5 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 130.8 133.2 133.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.2 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 130.8 133.4 134.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 130.8 133.2 133.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 2.7 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.3 135.1 137.0 1.1 0.5 1.4 3.4 3.3 3.6

Production

 130.6 133.3 134.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 3.0 2.9 3.1

Transportation and material moving

 134.3 137.1 139.7 1.5 0.4 1.9 3.7 3.6 4.0

Service occupations

 132.4 135.6 137.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 3.2 3.7 3.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 130.4 132.9 134.1 0.9 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing

 130.4 132.9 134.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 131.2 133.9 135.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.7 3.1 2.9

Education and health services

 128.7 131.6 132.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.8 2.6

Educational services

 126.3 129.0 129.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.8 2.4 2.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 124.9 127.7 128.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.8 2.5 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 128.4 131.1 131.6 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.7 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance

 131.5 134.4 135.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 2.6 3.2 2.7

Hospitals

 131.5 134.2 134.9 0.5 1.1 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 128.5 131.4 132.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Public administration

 128.3 130.8 131.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.4 2.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers

 132.0 134.7 135.9 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.1 134.6 135.8 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 132.3 134.6 135.4 0.9 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.7 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 131.3 133.4 134.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.3

Management, business, and financial

 133.7 135.8 136.8 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.6 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.3 134.0 135.1 1.1 0.4 0.8 2.6 2.4 2.1

Professional and related

 131.3 133.7 134.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 2.4 2.7 2.4

Sales and office

 131.8 135.0 136.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.2 4.0 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.9 136.9 138.5 1.3 0.4 1.2 3.1 3.6 3.4

Sales and related

 128.2 131.5 132.9 1.8 0.4 1.1 3.6 4.4 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.9 135.8 137.5 1.5 0.4 1.3 3.4 3.7 3.5

Office and administrative support

 134.5 137.6 139.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 2.9 3.5 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 130.9 133.4 134.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.3 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 131.1 133.6 134.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.5 2.5 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 130.8 133.1 133.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 2.8 2.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.3 135.1 137.1 1.2 0.5 1.5 3.4 3.4 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.5 135.2 136.7 1.3 0.7 1.1 3.3 3.4 3.2

Production

 130.4 133.1 134.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 3.1 2.9 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 130.7 133.4 134.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Transportation and material moving

 134.7 137.5 140.3 1.6 0.4 2.0 3.9 3.7 4.2

Service occupations

 133.0 136.4 138.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 3.4 3.9 4.0

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 130.4 133.0 134.2 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.6 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 130.9 133.3 134.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.6 2.7 2.8

Management, professional, and related

 130.7 132.7 134.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.9 2.6

Sales and office

 130.8 135.3 136.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.7 4.2 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 131.0 133.6 134.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 129.8 132.2 133.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.9 2.6 2.9

Construction

 129.5 132.4 133.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.7 3.1 2.9

Manufacturing

 130.4 132.9 134.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Management, professional, and related

 130.9 133.1 134.6 1.0 0.5 1.1 2.0 2.7 2.8

Sales and office

 132.6 136.0 137.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 3.0 3.3 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 131.3 133.6 134.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.0 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 129.5 131.9 133.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.9 2.6 2.9

Aircraft manufacturing

 141.1 141.5 143.8 2.0 0.2 1.6 2.7 2.2 1.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 132.5 135.2 136.4 1.1 0.5 0.9 3.0 3.2 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.5 135.0 136.2 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.1 2.8

Management, professional, and related

 132.6 134.9 135.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.6 2.7 2.3

Sales and office

 131.9 134.9 136.5 1.6 0.4 1.2 3.3 3.9 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 130.9 133.1 133.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.9 2.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 135.0 138.1 140.8 1.6 0.4 2.0 3.8 3.9 4.3

Service occupations

 133.0 136.4 138.2 1.4 1.0 1.3 3.4 4.0 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 132.9 135.7 137.4 1.3 0.2 1.3 3.1 3.4 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.0 135.7 137.2 1.2 0.3 1.1 2.9 3.3 3.2

Wholesale trade

 127.3 130.4 131.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.4 3.5 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 129.5 131.8 133.2 1.0 0.2 1.1 2.9 2.8 2.9

Retail trade

 134.7 137.5 139.1 1.1 0.1 1.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 132.8 135.9 137.7 1.1 0.4 1.3 2.7 3.4 3.7

Transportation and warehousing

 135.4 138.4 140.9 1.7 -0.1 1.8 3.7 4.0 4.1

Utilities

 140.2 141.4 143.6 1.4 0.1 1.6 2.6 2.3 2.4

Information

 128.4 131.3 132.6 0.7 0.0 1.0 2.7 3.0 3.3

Financial activities

 133.0 135.0 136.4 1.6 0.2 1.0 3.7 3.1 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.0 135.0 136.7 1.6 0.4 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.8

Finance and insurance

 133.8 135.8 137.2 1.7 0.1 1.0 3.9 3.2 2.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 129.9 131.6 133.5 1.5 0.2 1.4 3.0 2.8 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 134.1 135.9 138.2 1.6 0.1 1.7 2.8 3.0 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

 133.5 134.7 136.9 1.1 -0.1 1.6 2.5 2.0 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 131.3 133.2 134.9 1.2 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing

 129.8 131.9 133.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 3.3 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 133.0 135.7 137.3 1.3 0.8 1.2 3.2 3.4 3.2

Professional and business services

 133.5 135.8 136.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.1 2.9 2.5

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 136.1 138.1 139.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 3.0 2.9 2.2

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 130.3 133.4 134.8 0.5 0.8 1.0 3.4 2.9 3.5

Education and health services

 131.2 134.2 134.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 2.4 3.2 2.7

Educational services

 130.1 133.0 133.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.9 2.3 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 130.9 134.0 134.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 2.3 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance

 131.5 134.5 135.2 1.0 0.7 0.5 2.7 3.3 2.8

Hospitals

 131.8 134.7 135.3 0.5 1.1 0.4 2.1 2.7 2.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 128.5 131.4 132.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Nursing care facilities(1)

 127.9 131.0 131.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 2.7 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality

 134.7 138.4 140.0 1.8 1.5 1.2 3.5 4.6 3.9

Accommodation and food service

 135.4 138.8 140.7 1.8 1.2 1.4 3.4 4.4 3.9

Other services, except public administration

 133.2 135.4 137.0 1.1 0.8 1.2 2.9 2.7 2.9

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Bargaining status

Union

 131.6 134.6 135.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.8 3.1

Goods-producing industries(1)

 127.9 130.2 130.9 0.2 0.5 0.5 2.2 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing

 125.7 127.5 128.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.4 1.8 1.8

Service-providing industries(2)

 134.2 137.5 138.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.5

Nonunion

 132.1 134.7 136.0 1.1 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Goods-producing industries(1)

 131.0 133.6 134.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.0

Manufacturing

 131.4 134.0 135.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 2.6 2.8 3.1

Service-providing industries(2)

 132.4 135.0 136.2 1.2 0.4 0.9 3.1 3.2 2.9

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 133.4 136.0 137.6 1.3 0.5 1.2 2.9 3.3 3.1

New England

 138.0 141.5 142.8 0.9 0.1 0.9 2.9 3.4 3.5

Middle Atlantic

 131.7 134.0 135.7 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.9 3.2 3.0

South

 131.3 133.6 134.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 2.8 2.7 2.4

South Atlantic

 133.3 135.9 136.7 1.0 0.6 0.6 3.2 3.0 2.6

East South Central

 130.3 131.7 132.4 1.3 0.2 0.5 2.8 2.4 1.6

West South Central

 128.5 130.4 131.3 0.8 0.2 0.7 2.5 2.3 2.2

Midwest

 129.4 132.3 133.5 1.0 0.7 0.9 2.4 3.3 3.2

East North Central

 127.9 130.7 132.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 2.7 3.3 3.3

West North Central

 133.2 136.1 136.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.7 3.0 2.8

West

 134.6 137.8 139.3 1.3 0.5 1.1 3.7 3.7 3.5

Mountain

 132.5 135.2 136.3 1.3 0.7 0.8 3.5 3.4 2.9

Pacific

 135.5 138.9 140.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 3.7 3.8 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

All workers

 127.0 129.7 130.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 126.2 128.7 129.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.2 2.4

Professional and related

 126.0 128.5 129.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.2 2.4

Sales and office

 126.6 129.7 130.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.6 2.8 2.8

Office and administrative support

 127.0 130.1 130.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.6 2.8 2.8

Service occupations

 130.0 132.6 133.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.6 2.7

Industry

Education and health services

 126.1 128.8 129.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.8 2.4 2.5

Educational services

 125.5 128.2 128.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.4 2.5

Schools

 125.5 128.2 128.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.4 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 124.9 127.6 127.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance

 131.3 133.4 134.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.1 2.3

Hospitals

 130.2 132.1 133.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.4 1.9 2.2

Public administration

 128.3 130.8 131.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.4 2.7

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 135.7 138.1 139.2 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.6

Private industry workers

All workers

 131.6 133.6 134.7 1.1 0.3 0.8 2.5 2.6 2.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 130.6 132.1 133.3 1.2 0.3 0.9 2.5 2.3 2.1

Sales and office

 132.4 135.3 136.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 2.4 3.4 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 133.5 136.9 137.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 2.3 3.0 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 132.6 133.8 135.0 0.9 0.2 0.9 3.0 1.8 1.8

Service occupations

 131.3 132.8 133.6 1.2 0.4 0.6 2.3 2.4 1.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 129.0 129.6 130.8 0.8 0.2 0.9 2.9 1.3 1.4

Manufacturing

 129.1 129.1 130.5 0.9 0.2 1.1 3.3 0.9 1.1

Aircraft manufacturing

 122.2 97.7 99.0 3.3 -0.8 1.3 31.5 -17.4 -19.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 132.7 135.1 136.1 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.4 3.0 2.6

Bargaining status

Union

 141.7 145.7 146.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.1 3.6 3.7

Nonunion

 129.6 131.2 132.3 1.1 0.2 0.8 2.4 2.3 2.1

State and local government workers

All workers

 150.4 154.4 155.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 3.0 3.1 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) 12-month percent changes -
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019		 Mar.
2018		 Dec.
2018		 Mar.
2019

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 2.8 3.7 3.9 3.1 3.6 3.5

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 2.7 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.0 1.9

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.5

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.9

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.4

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.9

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 2.9 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.8 2.7 1.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 3.5 5.0 2.7 3.9 5.2 2.2

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.7 4.5

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 3.6 3.8 3.1 4.0 4.1 3.1

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 4.4 3.6 3.0 4.9 3.8 3.3

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 7.2 0.6 -0.2 3.6 3.7 2.9

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: April 30, 2019