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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                     USDL-23-2314
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 31, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  •  ncsinfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  •  pressoffice@bls.gov

                                EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – SEPTEMBER 2023

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.1 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending in September 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries
increased 1.2 percent and benefit costs increased 0.9 percent from June 2023. (See tables A, 1, 2, 
and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 4.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
September 2023 and increased 5.0 percent in September 2022. Wages and salaries increased 4.6 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in September 2023 and increased 5.1 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in September 2022. Benefit costs increased 4.1 percent over the year and increased 4.9 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in September 2022. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 4.3 percent over the year. In September 2022, 
the increase was 5.2 percent. Wages and salaries increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
September 2023 and increased 5.2 percent in September 2022. The cost of benefits increased 3.9 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in September 2023 and increased 5.0 percent in September 2022. Inflation-
adjusted (constant dollar) compensation costs for private industry increased 0.6 percent for the 
12-month period ending in September 2023. Inflation-adjusted wages and salaries increased 0.8 percent 
for the 12 months ending September 2023. Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector 
increased 0.2 percent over that same period. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending 
in September 2023 ranged from 3.9 percent for production, transportation, and material moving 
occupations to 4.5 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation cost 
increases ranged from 3.7 percent for manufacturing to 4.9 percent for both education and health 
services and for other services, except public administration. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.8 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in September 2023, compared with an increase of 4.6 percent in September 2022. Wages and salaries 
increased 4.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in September 2023 and increased 4.4 percent a year 
ago. Benefit costs increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in September 2023. The prior 
year increase was 5.0 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 1.0 1.1 5.0 4.5 4.3 -2.9 1.6 0.6

Wages and salaries

 1.0 1.2 5.1 4.6 4.6 -3.0 1.7 0.9

Benefits

 0.9 0.9 4.9 4.2 4.1 -3.0 1.2 0.4

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 1.0 1.0 5.2 4.5 4.3 -2.8 1.5 0.6

Wages and salaries

 1.0 1.1 5.2 4.6 4.5 -2.7 1.7 0.8

Benefits

 0.9 0.8 5.0 3.9 3.9 -3.0 0.9 0.2

Health benefits

 - - 4.9 2.1 1.9 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.0 1.5 4.6 4.9 4.8 -3.3 1.9 1.0

Wages and salaries

 0.8 1.8 4.4 4.7 4.8 -3.5 1.7 1.0

Benefits

 1.0 1.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 -3.0 2.1 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation, see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods
at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 27,900 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,900 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,500 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 2021, an 
additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact of decreasing 
response rates.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current quarter 
not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see www.bls.gov/eci/
factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard 
errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable
range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings
Historical ECI data are available in (xlsx) format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. The continuous 
occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual and 
Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006 to the present. 
It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification systems. For more 
information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly 
Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for 
Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at www.bls.gov/schedule/
news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/ecec/tables.htm.
Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in 
computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-
index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI introduced new employment weights, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.

Additional information
Historical tables are available in (xlsx) format for constant dollar, current dollar, and continuous
series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available on the release calendar at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS Economic News Release email 
at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have
a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 159.0 160.7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 153.8 155.1 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8

Manufacturing

 153.6 154.6 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

 160.1 161.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1

Education and health services

 157.4 159.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4

Educational services

 155.9 158.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 156.4 158.8 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 154.3 156.3 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.3

Health care and social assistance

 159.0 161.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

Hospitals

 159.5 161.4 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 159.6 161.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3

Public administration

 162.1 164.8 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.7

Private industry workers

All workers

 158.9 160.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 154.6 156.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Management, business, and financial

 155.6 157.1 1.5 0.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0

Professional and related

 153.9 155.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0

Sales and office

 162.5 163.6 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7

Sales and related

 160.7 161.3 1.5 1.0 1.8 2.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4

Office and administrative support

 163.4 165.0 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 156.3 158.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 155.6 157.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 157.1 159.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 162.3 163.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.7

Production

 158.5 159.8 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.8

Transportation and material moving

 167.0 168.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.7

Service occupations

 170.6 172.2 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 153.7 155.0 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.8

Construction

 154.5 156.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.1

Manufacturing

 153.6 154.6 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

 134.1 134.5 7.1 0.4 2.1 0.7 -5.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3

Service-providing industries(5)

 160.3 161.9 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 164.1 165.6 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.9

Wholesale trade

 157.4 158.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.6

Retail trade

 168.9 170.8 1.6 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.1

Transportation and warehousing

 163.1 164.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.8

Utilities

 169.0 171.1 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2

Information

 156.0 156.5 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.3

Financial activities

 156.8 159.0 2.3 -0.4 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.3 0.2 1.0 1.4

Finance and insurance

 157.2 159.4 2.5 -0.9 1.0 1.9 0.9 1.4 0.1 1.0 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities

 156.8 159.4 5.3 -1.3 0.0 2.0 -0.1 1.6 1.5 -0.5 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities

 159.2 160.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

 155.3 157.2 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2

Professional and business services

 159.0 160.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 160.2 161.4 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.7

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 159.3 161.0 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.1

Education and health services

 157.6 159.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

Educational services

 154.0 156.0 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 153.2 155.1 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2

Health care and social assistance

 158.3 160.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3

Hospitals

 159.4 161.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

 158.3 160.3 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3

Leisure and hospitality

 171.2 172.3 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.6

Accommodation and food services

 175.1 175.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.5

Other services, except public administration

 161.4 163.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1

State and local government workers

All workers

 159.2 161.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5

Industry

Education and health services

 157.2 159.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.5

Educational services

 156.4 158.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.5

Schools

 156.3 158.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 156.8 159.2 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.5

Health care and social assistance

 163.8 166.3 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5

Hospitals

 160.2 162.6 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.5

Public administration

 162.1 164.8 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 158.6 160.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 157.2 158.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing

 157.4 158.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 159.0 160.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Education and health services

 153.1 155.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.5

Educational services

 146.1 148.5 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 144.6 147.2 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 147.5 149.4 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.3

Health care and social assistance

 160.1 162.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4

Hospitals

 160.2 162.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 162.8 165.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.5

Private industry workers

All workers

 161.1 162.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 155.8 157.4 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

Professional and related

 155.6 157.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1

Management, business, and financial

 156.1 157.8 1.7 0.4 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.1

Sales and office

 164.6 165.7 1.4 1.1 1.5 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.7

Office and administrative support

 164.6 166.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 157.7 159.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 157.3 159.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 158.3 160.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.8 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 166.3 167.6 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.8

Production

 162.3 163.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.8

Transportation and material moving

 171.1 172.5 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8

Service occupations

 175.3 177.1 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 157.3 158.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.8

Construction

 156.9 158.6 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 0.4 1.1

Manufacturing

 157.4 158.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.6

Aircraft manufacturing

 159.2 160.1 0.1 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.1 0.5

Service-providing industries(4)

 162.1 163.8 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 165.3 166.9 1.6 2.1 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

Wholesale trade

 154.8 155.8 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.6

Retail trade

 172.0 174.0 1.8 2.8 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2

Transportation and warehousing

 166.3 167.7 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.8

Utilities

 162.9 164.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.2

Information

 155.0 155.3 1.4 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.2

Financial activities

 157.8 160.7 3.0 -1.1 0.7 1.8 0.9 1.6 -0.4 1.3 1.8

Finance and insurance

 158.3 161.3 3.4 -1.8 0.5 1.8 1.0 1.6 -0.7 1.3 1.9

Credit intermediation and related activities

 156.0 159.0 7.5 -2.3 -0.9 1.7 -0.6 1.9 1.3 -0.7 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

 158.1 160.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 156.2 158.4 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4

Professional and business services

 160.6 162.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 161.2 162.5 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.8

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 163.6 165.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.1

Education and health services

 159.1 161.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4

Educational services

 152.9 154.9 1.5 0.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.6 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 150.2 152.1 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2

Health care and social assistance

 160.4 162.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4

Hospitals

 161.1 163.0 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 163.8 166.3 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5

Leisure and hospitality

 177.2 178.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.7

Accommodation and food services

 181.2 182.0 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.4

Other services, except public administration

 163.9 165.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.4 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers

 147.9 150.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.8

Industry

Education and health services

 146.0 148.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.7

Educational services

 144.7 147.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.7

Schools

 144.7 147.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 144.1 146.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.8

Health care and social assistance

 156.7 159.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.8

Hospitals

 155.4 158.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.9

Public administration

 151.1 154.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.0 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Mar.
2023		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 159.8 161.3 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9

Private industry workers

All workers

 153.7 155.0 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 151.9 153.1 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.8

Sales and office

 157.1 158.3 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 153.2 154.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 154.2 155.4 1.6 0.7 1.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8

Service occupations

 155.3 156.5 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 146.5 147.9 1.4 0.6 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0

Manufacturing

 146.3 147.5 1.8 0.4 2.2 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 156.2 157.4 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 181.2 183.3 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers(2)

 154.1 159.0 160.8 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.0 4.5 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 153.9 158.9 160.7 1.4 1.0 1.1 5.2 4.7 4.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 150.3 155.0 157.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 4.2 4.4 4.5

Management, business, and financial

 151.1 155.9 157.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 3.8 3.9 4.3

Professional and related

 149.8 154.5 156.7 1.6 0.8 1.4 4.5 4.7 4.6

Sales and office

 157.5 163.0 164.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 5.9 4.7 4.3

Sales and related

 155.2 160.9 161.3 0.9 1.1 0.2 6.4 4.6 3.9

Office and administrative support

 158.5 163.9 165.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 5.5 4.7 4.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.2 156.8 158.6 1.1 1.0 1.1 4.5 4.1 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 151.8 156.2 157.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.2 3.9 3.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.6 157.6 159.7 1.1 1.0 1.3 4.7 4.4 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 157.3 162.2 163.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 5.4 4.4 3.9

Production

 153.6 158.7 159.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 5.3 4.5 4.0

Transportation and material moving

 162.6 167.4 168.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 5.5 4.3 3.9

Service occupations

 164.0 169.7 171.8 1.9 1.0 1.2 7.0 5.4 4.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 149.4 154.1 155.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 4.5 4.0 3.8

Manufacturing

 149.1 153.7 154.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 4.6 3.9 3.7

Service-providing industries(5)

 154.9 159.9 161.9 1.4 1.0 1.3 5.2 4.6 4.5

Education and health services

 152.4 156.9 159.7 2.0 0.7 1.8 5.0 5.0 4.8

Educational services

 151.4 154.7 158.4 2.5 0.4 2.4 4.3 4.7 4.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 151.9 155.0 158.9 2.8 0.4 2.5 4.3 4.9 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 150.1 153.4 156.7 2.3 0.3 2.2 4.3 4.6 4.4

Health care and social assistance

 153.4 159.0 161.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 5.8 5.2 5.0

Hospitals

 153.7 159.4 161.3 1.4 0.9 1.2 5.7 5.1 4.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

 154.0 159.3 161.7 2.0 1.0 1.5 7.1 5.5 5.0

Public administration

 157.4 161.2 165.1 2.2 0.7 2.4 5.2 4.7 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers

 154.0 159.2 160.6 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.2 4.5 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 153.7 159.0 160.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 5.3 4.5 4.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 149.6 154.7 156.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 4.3 4.2 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.7 153.8 155.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 4.6 4.3 4.4

Management, business, and financial

 150.9 155.8 157.2 0.5 1.3 0.9 3.9 3.7 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 149.5 154.6 155.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 4.6 4.2 4.2

Professional and related

 148.7 154.0 155.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 4.6 4.7 4.6

Sales and office

 157.4 163.1 164.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 6.0 4.7 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.8 164.8 166.0 1.2 1.1 0.7 6.2 5.0 4.5

Sales and related

 155.1 160.8 161.2 0.8 1.1 0.2 6.5 4.6 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 159.2 165.6 166.5 1.4 1.1 0.5 7.4 5.5 4.6

Office and administrative support

 158.1 163.7 165.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 5.6 4.7 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.8 156.6 158.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 4.3 4.1 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 151.4 155.8 157.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 4.1 3.8 3.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.2 157.3 159.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 4.7 4.3 4.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 157.0 161.9 163.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 5.4 4.3 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 156.6 161.7 162.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 5.4 4.4 4.0

Production

 153.5 158.7 159.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 5.4 4.5 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 154.0 159.1 160.2 1.0 1.0 0.7 5.4 4.4 4.0

Transportation and material moving

 162.2 167.1 168.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 5.4 4.2 3.9

Service occupations

 164.9 170.7 172.3 1.7 1.0 0.9 7.7 5.3 4.5

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 149.4 154.1 155.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 4.6 4.0 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 149.3 153.8 154.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 4.5 3.8 3.7

Management, professional, and related

 143.4 147.8 148.4 0.1 1.0 0.4 3.5 3.2 3.5

Sales and office

 155.4 162.6 163.0 1.0 1.4 0.2 6.0 5.7 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.8 155.2 156.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 4.1 3.9 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 152.0 156.7 157.7 1.2 1.0 0.6 5.5 4.3 3.7

Construction

 150.2 155.1 156.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 4.4 4.1 4.1

Manufacturing

 149.1 153.7 154.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 4.6 3.9 3.7

Management, professional, and related

 144.7 148.9 149.5 0.1 0.9 0.4 3.5 3.0 3.3

Sales and office occupations

 153.2 158.5 159.4 1.4 1.1 0.6 5.7 4.9 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 148.5 153.4 154.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 3.6 4.0 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 151.7 156.5 157.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 5.5 4.4 3.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 130.8 134.6 134.6 -7.8 0.7 0.0 -4.4 -5.1 2.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 155.3 160.6 162.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.4 4.5 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.0 160.6 162.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 5.5 4.8 4.5

Management, professional, and related

 150.7 155.9 157.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 4.4 4.4 4.5

Sales and office

 157.6 163.1 164.1 1.0 1.1 0.6 6.0 4.6 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 153.3 158.6 160.6 0.9 1.1 1.3 4.7 4.4 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 162.6 167.7 169.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 5.3 4.4 4.1

Service occupations

 164.9 170.7 172.4 1.7 1.0 1.0 7.7 5.3 4.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 158.8 164.4 165.6 0.8 1.4 0.7 5.8 4.3 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 158.8 164.7 166.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 5.7 4.8 4.5

Wholesale trade

 152.2 157.9 158.5 0.5 1.7 0.4 5.8 4.2 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 154.7 160.7 161.8 1.2 1.5 0.7 5.9 5.1 4.6

Retail trade

 163.2 169.3 170.6 0.9 1.1 0.8 7.2 4.7 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 161.6 167.9 169.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 7.2 5.1 4.7

Transportation and warehousing

 158.4 163.1 164.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 3.5 3.9 3.9

Utilities

 163.1 169.2 170.9 0.7 1.4 1.0 3.4 4.5 4.8

Information

 150.6 156.2 156.4 0.9 1.1 0.1 4.7 4.7 3.9

Financial activities

 152.9 157.9 159.1 0.3 1.8 0.8 3.6 3.5 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 153.2 158.6 159.2 0.7 1.1 0.4 5.8 4.3 3.9

Finance and insurance

 153.3 158.4 159.5 0.1 1.9 0.7 3.0 3.5 4.0

Credit intermediation and related activities

 153.7 158.4 160.4 -0.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 2.7 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 157.0 162.4 163.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 6.4 4.7 4.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

 154.4 160.0 160.6 0.7 1.4 0.4 5.5 4.3 4.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.1 157.8 157.9 0.5 1.3 0.1 5.0 4.2 3.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

 151.1 155.6 157.4 0.8 1.1 1.2 6.3 3.8 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 155.1 160.0 161.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 5.9 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services

 154.1 159.2 160.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 5.0 4.5 4.3

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 155.5 160.2 161.7 1.3 0.8 0.9 4.8 4.4 4.0

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 154.1 159.5 161.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 5.8 4.5 4.5

Education and health services

 152.2 157.5 159.7 1.4 0.9 1.4 5.5 4.9 4.9

Educational services

 149.9 153.5 156.5 1.7 0.5 2.0 4.4 4.1 4.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 149.8 152.6 155.6 1.8 0.5 2.0 4.0 3.7 3.9

Health care and social assistance

 152.7 158.4 160.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 5.8 5.2 5.0

Hospitals

 153.4 159.4 160.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 5.8 5.2 4.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

 152.7 158.1 160.4 1.9 1.0 1.5 7.2 5.5 5.0

Nursing care facilities(2)

 152.1 157.9 160.2 1.9 1.2 1.5 7.3 5.8 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

 165.2 171.1 172.5 1.7 1.1 0.8 7.2 5.4 4.4

Accommodation and food service

 168.8 175.2 176.1 1.6 1.3 0.5 7.4 5.5 4.3

Other services, except public administration

 155.8 161.6 163.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 5.0 4.9 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Bargaining status

Union

 155.0 159.6 160.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 3.3 3.6 3.8

Goods-producing industries(2)

 149.0 152.1 153.2 0.1 1.0 0.7 2.5 2.1 2.8

Manufacturing

 142.8 145.6 146.1 -0.5 0.8 0.3 2.4 1.5 2.3

Service-providing industries(3)

 159.4 164.9 166.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.6 4.4 4.4

Nonunion

 153.7 159.0 160.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 5.4 4.5 4.4

Goods-producing industries(2)

 149.2 154.4 155.3 0.9 1.1 0.6 5.0 4.4 4.1

Manufacturing

 150.7 155.7 156.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 5.1 4.4 3.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 154.8 160.1 161.6 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.4 4.5 4.4

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 155.5 160.7 162.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.8 4.4 4.3

New England

 160.3 165.1 166.7 1.1 1.3 1.0 5.3 4.1 4.0

Middle Atlantic

 153.8 159.2 160.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 4.6 4.6 4.4

South

 151.8 157.1 158.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 5.0 4.4 4.6

South Atlantic

 154.5 160.2 162.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 5.6 5.3 5.0

East South Central

 151.0 156.6 158.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 5.2 4.5 4.7

West South Central

 147.6 152.2 153.4 -0.1 1.3 0.8 3.9 3.0 3.9

Midwest

 151.8 156.4 157.5 1.3 1.2 0.7 5.8 4.3 3.8

East North Central

 150.1 155.0 156.3 1.4 1.2 0.8 5.8 4.7 4.1

West North Central

 155.9 159.8 160.2 0.9 1.2 0.3 5.8 3.4 2.8

West

 157.8 163.5 164.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 5.1 4.5 4.4

Mountain

 155.4 161.2 162.9 0.6 0.7 1.1 5.4 4.4 4.8

Pacific

 158.9 164.6 165.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 5.0 4.6 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers

 154.4 158.1 161.8 2.5 0.5 2.3 4.6 4.9 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 152.0 155.2 159.1 2.6 0.4 2.5 4.3 4.7 4.7

Professional and related

 151.8 155.2 158.8 2.6 0.5 2.3 4.2 4.9 4.6

Sales and office

 157.8 161.9 165.5 2.3 0.7 2.2 4.8 4.9 4.9

Office and administrative support

 157.8 162.0 165.5 2.3 0.7 2.2 4.7 5.0 4.9

Service occupations

 161.3 166.3 169.6 2.3 0.7 2.0 5.6 5.5 5.1

Industry

Education and health services

 152.6 156.0 159.7 2.7 0.4 2.4 4.4 5.0 4.7

Educational services

 151.8 155.0 158.9 2.7 0.3 2.5 4.3 4.9 4.7

Schools

 151.8 155.0 158.8 2.7 0.3 2.5 4.3 4.9 4.6

Elementary and secondary schools

 152.3 155.4 159.3 2.8 0.4 2.5 4.2 4.9 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 158.4 163.0 166.3 2.3 0.6 2.0 5.5 5.2 5.0

Hospitals

 155.0 159.6 162.7 2.0 0.6 1.9 5.2 5.1 5.0

Public administration

 157.4 161.2 165.1 2.2 0.7 2.4 5.2 4.7 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers(1)

 153.7 158.7 160.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 5.1 4.6 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 153.1 158.1 160.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 5.4 4.8 4.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 148.4 152.9 155.1 1.3 1.1 1.4 4.0 4.4 4.5

Management, business, and financial

 150.9 155.1 157.2 0.7 1.3 1.4 3.5 3.5 4.2

Professional and related

 147.0 151.7 154.1 1.7 0.9 1.6 4.3 4.9 4.8

Sales and office

 158.2 163.9 165.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 5.8 4.8 4.4

Sales and related

 158.1 163.9 164.3 0.8 1.1 0.2 6.2 4.5 3.9

Office and administrative support

 157.9 163.5 165.6 1.4 1.0 1.3 5.5 5.0 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.2 157.3 159.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 4.7 4.6 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 151.9 157.0 158.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.5 4.5 4.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.6 157.8 160.1 1.3 1.0 1.5 5.0 4.7 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.1 165.4 166.9 1.5 1.0 0.9 5.8 4.9 4.2

Production

 156.6 162.3 163.5 1.6 1.1 0.7 5.8 5.3 4.4

Transportation and material moving

 165.0 170.0 171.8 1.5 1.0 1.1 5.9 4.6 4.1

Service occupations

 165.0 170.9 173.1 2.0 1.0 1.3 7.7 5.6 4.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 152.3 157.6 158.5 1.1 1.1 0.6 5.0 4.6 4.1

Manufacturing

 152.5 157.5 158.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 5.2 4.5 3.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 154.0 158.9 161.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 5.1 4.7 4.6

Education and health services

 148.2 152.7 155.7 2.1 0.8 2.0 5.0 5.2 5.1

Educational services

 142.8 145.4 149.2 2.6 0.4 2.6 3.9 4.5 4.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 141.5 143.9 148.0 2.9 0.4 2.8 3.8 4.7 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 144.1 146.7 150.1 2.3 0.3 2.3 4.0 4.2 4.2

Health care and social assistance

 154.0 160.1 162.4 1.6 1.1 1.4 6.0 5.6 5.5

Hospitals

 153.6 160.0 162.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 5.9 5.8 5.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 156.6 162.6 165.4 2.2 1.1 1.7 7.6 6.1 5.6

Public administration

 147.3 150.5 154.8 2.4 0.5 2.9 5.4 4.7 5.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers

 155.9 161.3 162.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 5.2 4.6 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.3 160.8 162.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 5.6 4.8 4.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 150.8 155.8 157.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 4.1 4.2 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 149.3 154.4 155.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 4.6 4.5 4.4

Management, business, and financial

 151.8 156.3 158.0 0.5 1.4 1.1 3.3 3.4 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 149.4 154.0 155.3 0.9 1.2 0.8 4.6 4.1 3.9

Professional and related

 150.0 155.6 157.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 4.5 4.9 4.9

Sales and office

 159.4 165.3 166.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 6.0 4.8 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 160.3 166.7 168.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 6.3 5.4 4.9

Sales and related

 158.3 164.1 164.5 0.9 1.1 0.2 6.3 4.6 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 161.8 168.5 169.5 1.6 1.0 0.6 7.5 5.8 4.8

Office and administrative support

 158.8 164.7 166.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 5.6 5.0 4.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.6 157.9 159.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.7 4.6 4.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 152.4 157.5 159.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.5 4.5 4.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.9 158.5 160.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 4.9 4.8 5.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.5 165.8 167.2 1.5 1.0 0.8 5.9 4.8 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 160.1 165.6 167.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 5.9 4.9 4.3

Production

 156.7 162.4 163.6 1.6 1.0 0.7 5.9 5.2 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 157.1 162.8 164.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 5.8 5.1 4.4

Transportation and material moving

 165.8 170.9 172.6 1.3 1.0 1.0 5.8 4.5 4.1

Service occupations

 168.9 175.3 177.1 1.8 1.1 1.0 8.1 5.7 4.9

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 152.4 157.7 158.6 1.1 1.1 0.6 5.0 4.6 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 152.2 157.2 158.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 4.9 4.5 3.9

Management, professional, and related

 147.2 151.9 152.4 0.5 1.0 0.3 3.9 3.7 3.5

Sales and office

 159.9 168.2 168.6 0.9 1.4 0.2 6.4 6.2 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.1 157.2 158.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 4.4 4.5 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 155.5 160.7 161.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 6.0 5.0 4.0

Construction

 151.9 157.6 158.7 0.8 1.3 0.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

Manufacturing

 152.5 157.5 158.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 5.2 4.5 3.9

Management, professional, and related

 148.0 152.5 153.0 0.5 0.9 0.3 3.9 3.6 3.4

Sales and office

 155.8 161.8 162.8 1.5 1.2 0.6 5.9 5.4 4.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.3 157.9 159.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 4.0 4.8 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 155.4 160.7 161.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 6.1 5.0 4.1

Aircraft manufacturing

 155.3 159.7 159.9 0.5 0.9 0.1 3.3 3.4 3.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 156.9 162.3 164.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 5.3 4.6 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 156.1 161.7 163.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 5.7 4.9 4.7

Management, professional, and related

 151.4 156.5 158.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 4.1 4.3 4.6

Sales and office

 159.3 164.9 166.0 1.1 1.0 0.7 5.9 4.6 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 153.3 158.9 161.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 5.0 4.7 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

 165.5 170.9 172.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 5.8 4.7 4.3

Service occupations

 168.9 175.3 177.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 8.1 5.7 4.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 159.7 165.5 166.8 0.8 1.4 0.8 5.9 4.4 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 159.4 165.4 166.9 1.2 1.2 0.9 6.1 5.0 4.7

Wholesale trade

 149.8 155.2 155.9 0.3 1.7 0.5 5.6 3.9 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 151.6 157.2 158.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 6.0 5.1 4.6

Retail trade

 166.1 172.3 173.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 7.3 4.8 4.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 163.9 170.4 172.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 7.3 5.3 4.9

Transportation and warehousing

 160.8 166.0 167.6 0.9 1.2 1.0 3.7 4.2 4.2

Utilities

 157.7 163.1 164.8 0.7 1.2 1.0 3.4 4.2 4.5

Information

 149.3 155.1 155.1 1.0 0.9 0.0 4.2 4.9 3.9

Financial activities

 154.1 159.1 160.8 0.1 2.2 1.1 2.3 3.4 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 152.7 158.2 159.0 0.9 1.2 0.5 5.5 4.6 4.1

Finance and insurance

 154.8 159.8 161.3 0.0 2.4 0.9 1.3 3.2 4.2

Credit intermediation and related activities

 153.4 157.8 160.3 -0.9 1.7 1.6 -2.1 1.9 4.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.4 160.8 161.8 1.4 0.9 0.6 6.1 5.0 4.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

 152.9 158.8 160.0 0.7 1.5 0.8 4.9 4.6 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 148.9 154.8 155.4 0.5 1.3 0.4 4.4 4.5 4.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

 151.3 156.3 158.5 0.9 1.2 1.4 6.7 4.2 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 155.9 161.2 162.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 6.3 4.2 4.4

Professional and business services

 155.9 160.6 162.4 1.3 0.7 1.1 5.1 4.4 4.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 156.9 161.1 162.8 1.4 0.8 1.1 4.7 4.1 3.8

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 158.5 163.8 165.5 1.3 0.8 1.0 6.4 4.7 4.4

Education and health services

 153.3 159.0 161.4 1.6 1.0 1.5 5.7 5.4 5.3

Educational services

 148.9 152.3 155.5 1.8 0.5 2.1 4.3 4.1 4.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 147.1 149.7 152.7 1.9 0.5 2.0 3.7 3.7 3.8

Health care and social assistance

 154.2 160.4 162.7 1.5 1.1 1.4 6.1 5.6 5.5

Hospitals

 154.3 161.0 162.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 6.0 5.8 5.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

 157.4 163.6 166.4 2.1 1.1 1.7 7.8 6.2 5.7

Nursing care facilities(1)

 156.2 163.0 165.9 2.2 1.3 1.8 7.6 6.6 6.2

Leisure and hospitality

 171.1 177.3 178.8 1.8 1.1 0.8 7.5 5.5 4.5

Accommodation and food service

 174.7 181.3 182.4 1.7 1.3 0.6 7.7 5.5 4.4

Other services, except public administration

 157.9 164.0 165.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 5.2 5.1 5.0

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Bargaining status

Union

 152.5 157.8 159.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 3.6 4.6 4.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

 146.0 149.9 150.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 3.2 3.6 3.4

Manufacturing

 144.4 148.4 149.0 0.8 0.7 0.4 3.2 3.6 3.2

Service-providing industries(2)

 156.6 162.7 164.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.8 5.2 5.0

Nonunion

 156.3 161.7 163.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 5.4 4.6 4.5

Goods-producing industries(1)

 153.8 159.4 160.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 5.3 4.8 4.2

Manufacturing

 154.1 159.4 160.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 5.4 4.7 4.0

Service-providing industries(2)

 156.9 162.2 164.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 5.4 4.6 4.5

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 156.4 161.6 163.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 4.6 4.5 4.4

New England

 163.6 168.1 170.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 5.3 4.0 4.0

Middle Atlantic

 153.8 159.2 160.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 4.3 4.6 4.5

South

 154.7 160.2 162.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 5.0 4.6 4.8

South Atlantic

 157.6 163.7 166.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 5.6 5.5 5.3

East South Central

 152.6 158.6 160.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 5.6 5.2 4.9

West South Central

 150.7 155.0 156.5 -0.3 1.3 1.0 3.6 2.5 3.8

Midwest

 153.0 157.7 158.9 1.3 1.2 0.8 6.0 4.4 3.9

East North Central

 151.1 156.1 157.6 1.5 1.2 1.0 5.9 4.8 4.3

West North Central

 157.7 161.6 162.0 1.1 1.3 0.2 6.2 3.6 2.7

West

 160.4 166.4 167.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 5.5 4.9 4.7

Mountain

 158.2 164.4 166.3 0.8 0.7 1.2 5.9 4.7 5.1

Pacific

 161.5 167.5 168.8 1.3 0.9 0.8 5.3 5.1 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

All workers

 144.3 147.2 151.2 2.6 0.4 2.7 4.4 4.7 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 142.2 144.7 148.7 2.7 0.4 2.8 3.9 4.5 4.6

Professional and related

 141.9 144.5 148.4 2.7 0.3 2.7 3.8 4.6 4.6

Sales and office

 145.0 148.6 152.7 2.4 0.7 2.8 4.6 4.9 5.3

Office and administrative support

 145.4 149.1 153.2 2.4 0.7 2.7 4.5 5.0 5.4

Service occupations

 152.0 156.2 159.9 2.6 0.6 2.4 6.1 5.5 5.2

Industry

Education and health services

 142.6 145.2 149.1 2.7 0.3 2.7 4.0 4.6 4.6

Educational services

 141.6 143.9 147.9 2.8 0.3 2.8 3.9 4.5 4.4

Schools

 141.6 143.9 147.9 2.8 0.3 2.8 3.9 4.5 4.4

Elementary and secondary schools

 141.1 143.4 147.5 2.9 0.4 2.9 3.7 4.6 4.5

Health care and social assistance

 151.6 156.1 159.6 2.4 0.5 2.2 5.6 5.4 5.3

Hospitals

 150.3 154.8 158.4 2.2 0.5 2.3 5.4 5.2 5.4

Public administration

 147.3 150.5 154.8 2.4 0.5 2.9 5.4 4.7 5.1

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 154.8 159.7 161.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 4.9 4.2 4.1

Private industry workers

All workers

 149.2 154.0 155.0 0.7 1.0 0.6 5.0 3.9 3.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 146.9 152.2 153.1 0.6 1.1 0.6 4.7 4.2 4.2

Sales and office

 152.2 157.4 158.0 0.8 1.2 0.4 6.1 4.2 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 150.0 153.5 154.9 0.6 1.1 0.9 3.6 3.0 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 149.8 154.0 154.9 0.5 0.9 0.6 4.2 3.3 3.4

Service occupations

 151.3 155.5 156.5 1.1 0.6 0.6 6.1 3.9 3.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 143.3 146.9 147.9 0.2 1.0 0.7 3.7 2.7 3.2

Manufacturing

 142.8 146.6 147.4 0.0 1.0 0.5 3.7 2.7 3.2

Aircraft manufacturing

 104.7 107.8 107.7 -18.1 0.6 -0.1 -14.3 -15.6 2.9

Service-providing industries(3)

 151.3 156.5 157.4 0.9 1.1 0.6 5.4 4.3 4.0

Bargaining status

Union

 159.2 162.7 163.8 -0.1 0.7 0.7 2.8 2.1 2.9

Nonunion

 147.1 152.1 153.0 0.8 1.1 0.6 5.3 4.2 4.0

State and local government workers

All workers

 175.4 180.5 183.7 2.2 0.6 1.8 5.0 5.2 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023		 Sep.
2022		 Jun.
2023		 Sep.
2023

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 5.6 3.8 4.1 5.7 4.2 4.7

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.8

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 4.4 5.8 5.2 4.9 6.6 5.5

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 5.0 4.3 4.0 5.2 4.6 4.6

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 5.3 4.1 3.6 5.7 4.3 3.8

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 5.4 3.3 4.3 5.9 2.6 3.9

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 6.7 5.8 5.2 7.1 5.5 4.9

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 4.4 5.2 5.2 4.1 5.7 5.5

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.1

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 5.6 4.3 3.7 5.0 4.1 4.1

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 5.7 4.0 3.6 5.9 4.1 3.6

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 5.8 5.0 4.6 6.1 5.3 4.9

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 5.5 3.9 3.5 6.6 4.3 3.8

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 4.5 4.3 3.3 4.4 4.4 3.5

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 3.0 1.9 4.3 5.9 5.4 4.9

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: October 31, 2023