Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                   USDL-12-0012
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 6, 2012

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                      THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2011


Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 200,000 in December, and the unemployment rate, 
at 8.5 percent, continued to trend down, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. Job gains occurred in transportation and warehousing, retail trade, 
manufacturing, health care, and mining.



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   |                                                                    |
   |       Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data        |
   |                                                                    |
   |    Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised     |
   |    using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done     |
   |    at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted           |
   |    estimates back to January 2007 were subject to revision. The    |
   |    unemployment rates for January 2011 through November 2011       |
   |    (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A,     |
   |    along with additional information about the revisions.          |
   |                                                                    |
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Household Survey Data

Both the number of unemployed persons (13.1 million) and the unemployment rate 
(8.5 percent) continued to trend down in December. The unemployment rate has 
declined by 0.6 percentage point since August. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men decreased 
to 8.0 percent in December. The jobless rates for adult women (7.9 percent), 
teenagers (23.1 percent), whites (7.5 percent), blacks (15.8 percent), and 
Hispanics (11.0 percent) showed little change. The jobless rate for Asians 
was 6.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 
little changed at 5.6 million and accounted for 42.5 percent of the unemployed. 
(See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate (64.0 percent) and the employment-
population ratio (58.5 percent) were both unchanged over the month. (See 
table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes 
referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 371,000 to 8.1 
million in December. These individuals were working part time because their 
hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. 
(See table A-8.)

About 2.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in 
December, little different from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally 
adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were 
available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. 
They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in 
the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 945,000 discouraged workers in 
December, a decrease of 373,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally 
adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work 
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 million 
persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for 
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or 
family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 200,000 in December. Over the 
past 12 months, nonfarm payroll employment has risen by 1.6 million. Employment 
in the private sector rose by 212,000 in December and by 1.9 million over the 
year. Government employment changed little over the month but fell by 280,000 
over the year. (See table B-1.)

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose sharply in December (+50,000). 
Almost all of the gain occurred in the couriers and messengers industry (+42,000); 
seasonal hiring was particularly strong in December.

Retail trade continued to add jobs in December, with a gain of 28,000. Employment 
in the industry has increased by 240,000 over the past 12 months. Over the month, 
job gains continued in general merchandise stores (+13,000) and in clothing and 
clothing accessories stores (+11,000). Employment in sporting goods, hobby, book, 
and music stores fell by 10,000.

In December, manufacturing employment expanded by 23,000, following 4 months of 
little change. Employment increased in December in transportation equipment 
(+9,000), fabricated metals (+6,000), and machinery (+5,000).

Mining employment rose by 7,000 over the month. Over the year, mining added 
89,000 jobs.

Health care continued to add jobs in December (+23,000); employment in hospitals 
increased by 10,000. Over the year, health care employment has risen by 315,000.

Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places 
continued to trend up in December (+24,000). Over the year, food services and 
drinking places has added 230,000 jobs.

Construction employment changed little in December. Within the industry, 
nonresidential specialty trade contractors added 20,000 jobs over the month, 
mostly offsetting losses over the prior 2 months.

Employment in professional and business services changed little in December for 
the second month in a row. The industry added 42,000 jobs per month, on average, 
during the first 10 months of 2011.

Government employment changed little in December but was down by 280,000 over 
the year. Job losses in 2011 occurred in local government; state government,
excluding education; and the U.S. Postal Service.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased 
by 0.1 hour to 34.4 hours in December. The manufacturing workweek increased 
by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours. Factory overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.2 
hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 
and B-7.)

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls rose by 4 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $23.24. Over the past 12 months, 
average hourly earnings have increased by 2.1 percent. In December, average 
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees were 
unchanged at $19.54. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from 
+100,000 to +112,000, and the change for November was revised from +120,000 
to +100,000.

__________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on
Friday, February 3, 2012, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).



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   |                                                                    |
   |            Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data           |
   |                                                                    |
   | With the release of January 2012 data on February 3, 2012, the     |
   | Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions|
   | to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect |
   | the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2011 and updated         |
   | seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data          |
   | beginning with April 2010 and seasonally adjusted data beginning   |
   | with January 2007 are subject to revision.                         |
   |                                                                    |
   | The CES survey also will revise the basis for industry             |
   | classification from the 2007 North American Industry               |
   | Classification System (NAICS) to the 2012 NAICS. The 2012 NAICS    |
   | includes minor changes within the Construction, Manufacturing,     |
   | Retail trade, Utilities, and Leisure and hospitality sectors.      |
   | Several industry titles and descriptions also changed.             |
   | Approximately one percent of employment will be reclassified       |
   | into different industries as a result of the NAICS revision. For   |
   | more information on the 2012 NAICS, visit www.census.gov/epcd/     |
   | www/naics.html.                                                    |
   |                                                                    |
   | In addition to changes resulting from the conversion to the 2012   |
   | NAICS update, there will be some changes to the list of CES        |
   | series published as a result of the annual benchmarking process.   |
   | For more information on the industry changes effective with the    |
   | release of the January 2012 data, visit www.bls.gov/ces/           |
   | cesnaics12.htm.                                                    |
   |                                                                    |
   | Finally, some historical data prior to April 2010 are subject to   |
   | minor revisions due to the application of a consistent rounding    |
   | method over the entire time series. For additional details see     |
   | www.bls.gov/ces/ceshistchanges.htm.                                |
   |                                                                    |
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   |                                                                    |
   |              Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey              |
   |                                                                    |
   | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for         |
   | January 2012 scheduled for February 3, 2012, population controls   |
   | that reflect the results of Census 2010 will be used in the        |
   | monthly household survey estimation process. Historical data       |
   | will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, |
   | household survey data for January 2012 will not be directly        |
   | comparable with that for December 2011 or earlier periods. A       |
   | table showing the effects of the new controls on the major labor   |
   | force series will be included in the January 2012 release.         |
   |                                                                    |
   | Also effective with the release of The Employment Situation for    |
   | January 2012, the questions on race and Hispanic or Latino         |
   | ethnicity in the household survey will be modified. The minor      |
   | wording changes in the questions are not expected to affect the    |
   | estimates.                                                         |
   |                                                                    |
   | In January 2012, the Census Bureau, which conducts the household   |
   | survey, began a year-long process of reorganizing its regional     |
   | office structure. For more information on these Census Bureau      |
   | changes, see www.census.gov/newsroom/pdf/General_QAs_FINAL2.pdf.   |
   | Both the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)    |
   | will monitor survey operations during the transition period. No    |
   | impact on the employment and unemployment estimates from the       |
   | survey is anticipated from this organizational change.             |
   |                                                                    |
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      Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
   
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this
process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2007 through November
2011 were subject to revision.

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2011 through November
2011, as first published and as revised. The rates changed by one-
tenth of a percentage point in 8 of the 11 months and were unchanged
in the remaining 3 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other
major labor force series beginning in December 2010 appear in table B.

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the
household survey data and revised data for January 2011 through
November 2011 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2012.pdf.

Historical data for the household series contained in the A-tables 
(A-1--A-16) of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/
cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and 
quarterly data for additional series are available on the Internet at 
ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/.


Table A.  Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2011 and changes
due to revision, January - November 2011

         Month            As first          As            Change
                          computed        revised

January ...............      9.0             9.1           0.1
February ..............      8.9             9.0            .1
March .................      8.8             8.9            .1
April .................      9.0             9.0            .0
May ...................      9.1             9.0           -.1
June ..................      9.2             9.1           -.1
July ..................      9.1             9.1            .0
August ................      9.1             9.1            .0
September .............      9.1             9.0           -.1
October ...............      9.0             8.9           -.1
November ..............      8.6             8.7            .1



HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

       Employment status, sex, and age       2010                                                             2011
       
                                             Dec.     Jan.       Feb.      Mar.      Apr.      May       June      July      Aug.      Sept.     Oct.      Nov.      Dec. 

                TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1).   238,889   238,704   238,851   239,000   239,146   239,313   239,489   239,671   239,871   240,071   240,269   240,441   240,584
  Civilian labor force .................   153,613   153,250   153,302   153,392   153,420   153,700   153,409   153,358   153,674   154,004   154,057   153,937   153,887
    Participation rate .................      64.3      64.2      64.2      64.2      64.2      64.2      64.1      64.0      64.1      64.1      64.1      64.0      64.0
    Employed ...........................   139,220   139,330   139,551   139,764   139,628   139,808   139,385   139,450   139,754   140,107   140,297   140,614   140,790
     Employment-population ratio .......      58.3      58.4      58.4      58.5      58.4      58.4      58.2      58.2      58.3      58.4      58.4      58.5      58.5
    Unemployed .........................    14,393    13,919    13,751    13,628    13,792    13,892    14,024    13,908    13,920    13,897    13,759    13,323    13,097
      Unemployment rate ................       9.4       9.1       9.0       8.9       9.0       9.0       9.1       9.1       9.1       9.0       8.9       8.7       8.5

          Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1).   107,216   107,203   107,292   107,381   107,469   107,566   107,668   107,773   107,884   107,994   108,104   108,203   108,290
  Civilian labor force .................    78,884    78,594    78,832    78,805    78,895    79,204    79,116    78,977    79,089    79,241    79,291    79,440    79,436
    Participation rate .................      73.6      73.3      73.5      73.4      73.4      73.6      73.5      73.3      73.3      73.4      73.3      73.4      73.4
    Employed ...........................    71,494    71,593    71,901    71,918    71,942    72,161    71,981    71,930    72,098    72,340    72,379    72,846    73,080
     Employment-population ratio .......      66.7      66.8      67.0      67.0      66.9      67.1      66.9      66.7      66.8      67.0      67.0      67.3      67.5
    Unemployed .........................     7,390     7,001     6,931     6,887     6,953     7,043     7,135     7,047     6,991     6,901     6,912     6,594     6,356
      Unemployment rate ................       9.4       8.9       8.8       8.7       8.8       8.9       9.0       8.9       8.8       8.7       8.7       8.3       8.0

         Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1).   114,894  114,637    114,714   114,792   114,868   114,954   115,045   115,138   115,238   115,338   115,437   115,526   115,602
  Civilian labor force .................    68,982   68,843     68,818    68,852    68,860    68,878    68,570    68,706    68,784    68,989    68,981    68,711    68,748
    Participation rate .................      60.0     60.1       60.0      60.0      59.9      59.9      59.6      59.7      59.7      59.8      59.8      59.5      59.5
    Employed ...........................    63,429   63,403     63,351    63,515    63,431    63,385    63,088    63,257    63,322    63,406    63,520    63,352    63,323
     Employment-population ratio .......      55.2     55.3       55.2      55.3      55.2      55.1      54.8      54.9      54.9      55.0      55.0      54.8      54.8
    Unemployed .........................     5,553    5,440      5,467     5,336     5,430     5,493     5,482     5,449     5,462     5,584     5,461     5,359     5,425
      Unemployment rate ................       8.1      7.9        7.9       7.8       7.9       8.0       8.0       7.9       7.9       8.1       7.9       7.8       7.9
 
        Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1).    16,780   16,863     16,845    16,827    16,809    16,792    16,776    16,760    16,749    16,739    16,728    16,711    16,693
  Civilian labor force .................     5,748    5,813      5,651     5,735     5,665     5,618     5,724     5,675     5,801     5,774     5,785     5,786     5,704
    Participation rate .................      34.3     34.5       33.5      34.1      33.7      33.5      34.1      33.9      34.6      34.5      34.6      34.6      34.2
    Employed ...........................     4,297    4,334      4,299     4,332     4,255     4,262     4,316     4,262     4,333     4,362     4,398     4,416     4,387
     Employment-population ratio .......      25.6     25.7       25.5      25.7      25.3      25.4      25.7      25.4      25.9      26.1      26.3      26.4      26.3
    Unemployed .........................     1,451    1,479      1,352     1,404     1,410     1,356     1,408     1,412     1,467     1,412     1,386     1,370     1,316
      Unemployment rate ................      25.2     25.4       23.9      24.5      24.9      24.1      24.6      24.9      25.3      24.5      24.0      23.7      23.1

Footnotes:
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Change from: Nov. 2011- Dec. 2011
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	238,889	240,269	240,441	240,584	143
Civilian labor force	153,613	154,057	153,937	153,887	-50
Participation rate	64.3	64.1	64.0	64.0	0.0
Employed	139,220	140,297	140,614	140,790	176
Employment-population ratio	58.3	58.4	58.5	58.5	0.0
Unemployed	14,393	13,759	13,323	13,097	-226
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.9	8.7	8.5	-0.2
Not in labor force	85,276	86,213	86,503	86,697	194
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	9.4	8.9	8.7	8.5	-0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	9.4	8.7	8.3	8.0	-0.3
Adult women (20 years and over)	8.1	7.9	7.8	7.9	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	25.2	24.0	23.7	23.1	-0.6
White	8.5	8.0	7.6	7.5	-0.1
Black or African American	15.8	15.0	15.5	15.8	0.3
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)	7.2	7.3	6.5	6.8	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	12.9	11.4	11.4	11.0	-0.4
Total, 25 years and over	8.0	7.7	7.3	7.2	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	15.1	13.8	13.3	13.8	0.5
High school graduates, no college	9.8	9.5	8.8	8.7	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	8.2	8.2	7.6	7.7	0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	8,877	7,924	7,599	7,602	3
Job leavers	920	1,068	1,005	953	-52
Reentrants	3,406	3,387	3,355	3,399	44
New entrants	1,306	1,291	1,276	1,280	4
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,701	2,676	2,510	2,669	159
5 to 14 weeks	3,167	3,285	2,896	2,858	-38
15 to 26 weeks	2,191	2,029	2,087	2,039	-48
27 weeks and over	6,421	5,839	5,680	5,588	-92
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	8,869	8,790	8,469	8,098	-371
Slack work or business conditions	5,954	5,839	5,578	5,305	-273
Could only find part-time work	2,501	2,538	2,496	2,419	-77
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,189	18,401	18,363	18,372	9
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,609	2,555	2,591	2,540	-
Discouraged workers	1,318	967	1,096	945	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	152	112	100	200
Total private	167	134	120	212
Goods-producing	4	6	-6	48
Mining and logging	-1	6	5	8
Construction	-6	-10	-12	17
Manufacturing	11	10	1	23
Durable goods(1)	13	15	13	23
Motor vehicles and parts	-2.1	9.6	3.5	6.5
Nondurable goods	-2	-5	-12	0
Private service-providing(1)	163	128	126	164
Wholesale trade	3.8	12.3	-1.3	11.6
Retail trade	6.2	15.5	38.8	27.9
Transportation and warehousing	50.1	4.6	3.1	50.2
Information	-5	0	-7	6
Financial activities	1	7	5	2
Professional and business services(1)	58	30	19	12
Temporary help services	43.1	5.0	11.2	-7.5
Education and health services(1)	28	37	33	29
Health care and social assistance	25.3	29.6	20.2	28.7
Leisure and hospitality	17	27	30	21
Other services	2	-5	4	4
Government	-15	-22	-20	-12
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2) AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private women employees	48.2	47.9	47.9	47.9
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.5	82.5	82.5
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.2	34.4	34.3	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$22.77	$23.20	$23.20	$23.24
Average weekly earnings	$778.73	$798.08	$795.76	$799.46
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	92.6	94.5	94.3	94.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.4	-0.2	0.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	100.5	104.5	104.3	105.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.7	-0.2	0.7
HOURS AND EARNINGS PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.5	33.7	33.6	33.7
Average hourly earnings	$19.23	$19.53	$19.54	$19.54
Average weekly earnings	$644.21	$658.16	$656.54	$658.50
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)	99.6	101.8	101.6	102.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.5	-0.2	0.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)	128.0	132.8	132.7	133.4
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.6	-0.1	0.5
DIFFUSION INDEX(5) (Over 1-month span)
Total private	58.6	56.6	50.7	61.2
Manufacturing	59.3	48.1	40.7	56.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant
change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has
a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-
employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides
estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms
from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the
survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an
unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling
frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a
year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work
are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact
on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for
paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other
time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always,
results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be
off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while
some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of
all employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.


In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off.
The household survey collects data on the number of persons who usually work full
time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested
statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment
Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business
establishments. The sample includes about 140,000 businesses and government
agencies representing approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a
sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance tax accounts.
The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll
employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed
if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of
the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is
the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about
the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as 
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector
for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. 
Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-
providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make 
nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and 
recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions
to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence
interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to +150,000 
(50,000 +/- 100,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results
are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.
Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month.
If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all
of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater
than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate
of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about 
+/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/-0.19 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision
of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information
for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 
respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of
the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two
successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey
is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment
growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account
for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from
business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the 
missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into
the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment
trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most
of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate
the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the 
imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over
the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and
the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as
a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute
benchmark revisions  for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent,
with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	238,889	240,441	240,584	238,889	239,871	240,071	240,269	240,441	240,584
Civilian labor force	153,156	153,683	153,373	153,613	153,674	154,004	154,057	153,937	153,887
Participation rate	64.1	63.9	63.8	64.3	64.1	64.1	64.1	64.0	64.0
Employed	139,159	141,070	140,681	139,220	139,754	140,107	140,297	140,614	140,790
Employment-population ratio	58.3	58.7	58.5	58.3	58.3	58.4	58.4	58.5	58.5
Unemployed	13,997	12,613	12,692	14,393	13,920	13,897	13,759	13,323	13,097
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.2	8.3	9.4	9.1	9.0	8.9	8.7	8.5
Not in labor force	85,733	86,757	87,212	85,276	86,198	86,067	86,213	86,503	86,697
Persons who currently want a job	6,212	6,183	6,135	6,482	6,469	6,240	6,407	6,595	6,385
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	115,731	116,755	116,832	115,731	116,453	116,559	116,664	116,755	116,832
Civilian labor force	81,504	82,080	82,019	81,810	82,025	82,142	82,199	82,341	82,373
Participation rate	70.4	70.3	70.2	70.7	70.4	70.5	70.5	70.5	70.5
Employed	73,226	75,157	74,837	73,607	74,209	74,435	74,492	74,975	75,235
Employment-population ratio	63.3	64.4	64.1	63.6	63.7	63.9	63.9	64.2	64.4
Unemployed	8,278	6,923	7,181	8,202	7,817	7,707	7,707	7,366	7,138
Unemployment rate	10.2	8.4	8.8	10.0	9.5	9.4	9.4	8.9	8.7
Not in labor force	34,228	34,674	34,813	33,922	34,428	34,417	34,465	34,414	34,459
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	107,216	108,203	108,290	107,216	107,884	107,994	108,104	108,203	108,290
Civilian labor force	78,780	79,378	79,288	78,884	79,089	79,241	79,291	79,440	79,436
Participation rate	73.5	73.4	73.2	73.6	73.3	73.4	73.3	73.4	73.4
Employed	71,235	73,183	72,812	71,494	72,098	72,340	72,379	72,846	73,080
Employment-population ratio	66.4	67.6	67.2	66.7	66.8	67.0	67.0	67.3	67.5
Unemployed	7,545	6,195	6,477	7,390	6,991	6,901	6,912	6,594	6,356
Unemployment rate	9.6	7.8	8.2	9.4	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.3	8.0
Not in labor force	28,436	28,825	29,001	28,332	28,795	28,753	28,813	28,763	28,854
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	123,158	123,686	123,753	123,158	123,418	123,512	123,605	123,686	123,753
Civilian labor force	71,653	71,603	71,354	71,804	71,648	71,862	71,858	71,596	71,514
Participation rate	58.2	57.9	57.7	58.3	58.1	58.2	58.1	57.9	57.8
Employed	65,933	65,913	65,843	65,613	65,545	65,672	65,805	65,639	65,555
Employment-population ratio	53.5	53.3	53.2	53.3	53.1	53.2	53.2	53.1	53.0
Unemployed	5,719	5,690	5,511	6,191	6,103	6,190	6,052	5,957	5,959
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.9	7.7	8.6	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.3	8.3
Not in labor force	51,505	52,083	52,398	51,354	51,770	51,650	51,748	52,090	52,238
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	114,894	115,526	115,602	114,894	115,238	115,338	115,437	115,526	115,602
Civilian labor force	68,999	68,850	68,746	68,982	68,784	68,989	68,981	68,711	68,748
Participation rate	60.1	59.6	59.5	60.0	59.7	59.8	59.8	59.5	59.5
Employed	63,809	63,710	63,676	63,429	63,322	63,406	63,520	63,352	63,323
Employment-population ratio	55.5	55.1	55.1	55.2	54.9	55.0	55.0	54.8	54.8
Unemployed	5,190	5,140	5,070	5,553	5,462	5,584	5,461	5,359	5,425
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.5	7.4	8.1	7.9	8.1	7.9	7.8	7.9
Not in labor force	45,895	46,675	46,856	45,912	46,454	46,349	46,457	46,815	46,854
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,780	16,711	16,693	16,780	16,749	16,739	16,728	16,711	16,693
Civilian labor force	5,378	5,454	5,339	5,748	5,801	5,774	5,785	5,786	5,704
Participation rate	32.0	32.6	32.0	34.3	34.6	34.5	34.6	34.6	34.2
Employed	4,116	4,177	4,193	4,297	4,333	4,362	4,398	4,416	4,387
Employment-population ratio	24.5	25.0	25.1	25.6	25.9	26.1	26.3	26.4	26.3
Unemployed	1,262	1,277	1,146	1,451	1,467	1,412	1,386	1,370	1,316
Unemployment rate	23.5	23.4	21.5	25.2	25.3	24.5	24.0	23.7	23.1
Not in labor force	11,402	11,257	11,354	11,032	10,949	10,965	10,943	10,925	10,989
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	192,749	193,598	193,682	192,749	193,236	193,365	193,493	193,598	193,682
Civilian labor force	124,309	124,565	124,114	124,719	124,604	124,701	124,804	124,652	124,543
Participation rate	64.5	64.3	64.1	64.7	64.5	64.5	64.5	64.4	64.3
Employed	114,035	115,584	115,117	114,150	114,704	114,818	114,837	115,130	115,254
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.7	59.4	59.2	59.4	59.4	59.3	59.5	59.5
Unemployed	10,274	8,981	8,998	10,569	9,901	9,883	9,967	9,522	9,288
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.2	7.2	8.5	7.9	7.9	8.0	7.6	7.5
Not in labor force	68,439	69,033	69,567	68,030	68,631	68,664	68,689	68,945	69,139
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,978	65,407	65,248	65,063	65,139	65,280	65,318	65,366	65,373
Participation rate	73.9	73.9	73.7	74.0	73.8	73.9	73.9	73.9	73.8
Employed	59,280	60,938	60,484	59,537	60,155	60,283	60,195	60,605	60,751
Employment-population ratio	67.4	68.9	68.3	67.7	68.1	68.2	68.1	68.5	68.6
Unemployed	5,698	4,469	4,764	5,525	4,984	4,998	5,123	4,761	4,623
Unemployment rate	8.8	6.8	7.3	8.5	7.7	7.7	7.8	7.3	7.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,927	54,659	54,516	54,905	54,649	54,691	54,685	54,520	54,481
Participation rate	59.7	59.2	59.0	59.7	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.1	59.0
Employed	51,261	51,091	51,080	50,941	50,829	50,807	50,880	50,774	50,768
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.3	55.3	55.3	55.2	55.1	55.1	55.0	55.0
Unemployed	3,667	3,568	3,435	3,964	3,820	3,884	3,805	3,746	3,713
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.5	6.3	7.2	7.0	7.1	7.0	6.9	6.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,404	4,499	4,350	4,751	4,816	4,730	4,801	4,766	4,688
Participation rate	34.4	35.2	34.1	37.1	37.6	37.0	37.6	37.3	36.8
Employed	3,494	3,555	3,552	3,671	3,720	3,728	3,761	3,751	3,736
Employment-population ratio	27.3	27.8	27.8	28.7	29.1	29.1	29.4	29.4	29.3
Unemployed	910	944	798	1,079	1,097	1,002	1,040	1,015	952
Unemployment rate	20.7	21.0	18.3	22.7	22.8	21.2	21.7	21.3	20.3
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	28,896	29,259	29,286	28,896	29,158	29,193	29,228	29,259	29,286
Civilian labor force	17,835	17,900	18,024	17,933	17,957	18,096	18,067	17,934	18,110
Participation rate	61.7	61.2	61.5	62.1	61.6	62.0	61.8	61.3	61.8
Employed	15,120	15,236	15,285	15,098	14,965	15,224	15,351	15,151	15,248
Employment-population ratio	52.3	52.1	52.2	52.2	51.3	52.1	52.5	51.8	52.1
Unemployed	2,715	2,664	2,739	2,836	2,992	2,872	2,716	2,783	2,862
Unemployment rate	15.2	14.9	15.2	15.8	16.7	15.9	15.0	15.5	15.8
Not in labor force	11,061	11,359	11,262	10,963	11,202	11,097	11,161	11,325	11,176
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,079	8,185	8,264	8,089	8,178	8,151	8,180	8,195	8,272
Participation rate	68.8	68.4	69.0	68.9	68.7	68.3	68.5	68.5	69.0
Employed	6,758	6,917	7,006	6,732	6,703	6,796	6,867	6,851	6,969
Employment-population ratio	57.6	57.8	58.5	57.4	56.3	57.0	57.5	57.3	58.2
Unemployed	1,321	1,268	1,258	1,358	1,475	1,355	1,313	1,344	1,302
Unemployment rate	16.4	15.5	15.2	16.8	18.0	16.6	16.0	16.4	15.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,141	9,106	9,113	9,195	9,154	9,277	9,262	9,095	9,160
Participation rate	62.9	61.9	61.8	63.3	62.4	63.2	63.0	61.8	62.2
Employed	7,998	7,948	7,886	8,002	7,926	8,051	8,093	7,911	7,885
Employment-population ratio	55.0	54.0	53.5	55.1	54.1	54.8	55.0	53.7	53.5
Unemployed	1,143	1,158	1,227	1,192	1,228	1,226	1,169	1,184	1,275
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.7	13.5	13.0	13.4	13.2	12.6	13.0	13.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	615	608	647	649	625	667	625	643	679
Participation rate	23.4	23.7	25.3	24.7	24.2	25.8	24.3	25.0	26.5
Employed	365	370	394	363	335	377	390	388	393
Employment-population ratio	13.9	14.4	15.4	13.8	13.0	14.6	15.2	15.1	15.3
Unemployed	250	238	254	286	289	291	234	255	286
Unemployment rate	40.7	39.1	39.2	44.0	46.3	43.6	37.5	39.6	42.1
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	11,387	11,589	11,580	-	-	-	-	-	-
Civilian labor force	7,355	7,419	7,505	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	64.6	64.0	64.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	6,829	6,939	6,991	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	60.0	59.9	60.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	526	480	514	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	7.2	6.5	6.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in labor force	4,032	4,170	4,075	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,188	34,808	34,885	34,188	34,555	34,640	34,724	34,808	34,885
Civilian labor force	22,929	23,255	23,309	22,873	22,938	23,014	23,253	23,222	23,270
Participation rate	67.1	66.8	66.8	66.9	66.4	66.4	67.0	66.7	66.7
Employed	19,957	20,684	20,731	19,916	20,353	20,411	20,601	20,574	20,699
Employment-population ratio	58.4	59.4	59.4	58.3	58.9	58.9	59.3	59.1	59.3
Unemployed	2,972	2,571	2,579	2,957	2,585	2,603	2,652	2,648	2,571
Unemployment rate	13.0	11.1	11.1	12.9	11.3	11.3	11.4	11.4	11.0
Not in labor force	11,259	11,553	11,575	11,315	11,617	11,626	11,471	11,586	11,615
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,115	13,169	13,256	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	82.3	81.7	82.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	11,431	11,884	11,868	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	71.7	73.7	73.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,684	1,285	1,387	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	12.8	9.8	10.5	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,880	9,085	9,082	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	59.2	59.6	59.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	7,892	8,118	8,146	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	52.7	53.2	53.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	988	967	936	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	11.1	10.6	10.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	934	1,000	972	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	28.6	29.2	28.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	633	682	716	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	19.4	19.9	20.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	300	319	256	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	32.2	31.8	26.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	11,773	11,673	11,723	11,724	11,682	11,746	11,760	11,713	11,688
Participation rate	46.1	46.8	46.8	45.9	46.8	46.5	47.4	47.0	46.7
Employed	9,924	10,190	10,043	9,954	10,030	10,108	10,141	10,161	10,080
Employment-population ratio	38.9	40.9	40.1	39.0	40.2	40.0	40.8	40.8	40.3
Unemployed	1,850	1,483	1,680	1,770	1,652	1,638	1,619	1,552	1,608
Unemployment rate	15.7	12.7	14.3	15.1	14.1	13.9	13.8	13.3	13.8
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	38,231	37,089	37,114	37,974	37,030	37,290	37,368	37,089	36,902
Participation rate	60.9	60.3	60.1	60.5	60.1	60.5	60.5	60.3	59.8
Employed	34,470	33,970	33,876	34,235	33,512	33,711	33,828	33,807	33,684
Employment-population ratio	54.9	55.2	54.9	54.6	54.4	54.7	54.8	54.9	54.5
Unemployed	3,761	3,119	3,237	3,739	3,518	3,579	3,540	3,282	3,218
Unemployment rate	9.8	8.4	8.7	9.8	9.5	9.6	9.5	8.8	8.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,763	37,086	37,040	36,794	37,011	37,070	36,984	36,816	37,024
Participation rate	70.1	69.0	69.1	70.1	69.2	69.3	69.2	68.5	69.1
Employed	33,869	34,347	34,299	33,783	33,976	33,963	33,941	34,009	34,167
Employment-population ratio	64.6	63.9	64.0	64.4	63.5	63.5	63.5	63.3	63.7
Unemployed	2,894	2,739	2,740	3,011	3,035	3,106	3,043	2,807	2,857
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.4	7.4	8.2	8.2	8.4	8.2	7.6	7.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	46,310	47,147	47,102	46,339	46,802	46,923	47,006	47,117	47,131
Participation rate	76.9	76.0	76.0	77.0	76.0	76.3	75.8	75.9	76.0
Employed	44,170	45,161	45,228	44,133	44,798	44,936	44,960	45,058	45,201
Employment-population ratio	73.4	72.8	73.0	73.3	72.7	73.0	72.5	72.6	72.9
Unemployed	2,140	1,985	1,873	2,205	2,004	1,986	2,046	2,059	1,930
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.2	4.0	4.8	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.1
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,833	21,429	20,039	19,622	1,794	1,807
Civilian labor force	11,534	11,072	10,390	10,010	1,144	1,062
Participation rate	52.8	51.7	51.8	51.0	63.8	58.8
Employed	10,576	10,215	9,509	9,244	1,067	972
Employment-population ratio	48.4	47.7	47.5	47.1	59.5	53.8
Unemployed	957	857	881	766	77	90
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.7	8.5	7.7	6.7	8.5
Not in labor force	10,299	10,357	9,649	9,612	650	745
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,242	2,341	1,897	1,984	345	356
Civilian labor force	1,794	1,899	1,558	1,668	236	230
Participation rate	80.0	81.1	82.1	84.1	68.3	64.6
Employed	1,584	1,650	1,374	1,469	210	181
Employment-population ratio	70.7	70.5	72.4	74.1	60.8	50.7
Unemployed	210	248	184	199	26	50
Unemployment rate	11.7	13.1	11.8	11.9	10.9	21.6
Not in labor force	448	442	339	316	109	126
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,924	2,986	2,470	2,489	454	497
Civilian labor force	2,530	2,512	2,163	2,158	367	354
Participation rate	86.5	84.1	87.6	86.7	80.9	71.3
Employed	2,395	2,371	2,039	2,029	356	342
Employment-population ratio	81.9	79.4	82.5	81.5	78.5	68.8
Unemployed	136	141	125	128	11	13
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.6	5.8	6.0	3.0	3.6
Not in labor force	394	474	307	332	87	142
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	10,796	10,207	10,448	9,886	348	321
Civilian labor force	3,847	3,309	3,718	3,215	129	94
Participation rate	35.6	32.4	35.6	32.5	37.2	29.3
Employed	3,516	3,097	3,395	3,003	122	94
Employment-population ratio	32.6	30.3	32.5	30.4	34.9	29.3
Unemployed	331	212	323	212	8	0
Unemployment rate	8.6	6.4	8.7	6.6	6.1	0.0
Not in labor force	6,949	6,898	6,730	6,671	219	227
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,871	5,895	5,224	5,262	647	633
Civilian labor force	3,362	3,352	2,951	2,969	412	383
Participation rate	57.3	56.9	56.5	56.4	63.6	60.5
Employed	3,081	3,097	2,701	2,742	380	355
Employment-population ratio	52.5	52.5	51.7	52.1	58.7	56.1
Unemployed	281	255	249	227	32	28
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.6	8.5	7.6	7.8	7.3
Not in labor force	2,508	2,543	2,273	2,293	235	250
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	208,058	210,477	91,143	92,807	116,915	117,670
Civilian labor force	139,806	140,627	70,228	71,182	69,578	69,446
Participation rate	67.2	66.8	77.1	76.7	59.5	59.0
Employed	127,220	129,218	63,082	65,018	64,138	64,200
Employment-population ratio	61.1	61.4	69.2	70.1	54.9	54.6
Unemployed	12,586	11,409	7,146	6,163	5,440	5,246
Unemployment rate	9.0	8.1	10.2	8.7	7.8	7.6
Not in labor force	68,252	69,850	20,915	21,625	47,338	48,225
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	26,984	27,339	211,905	213,246
Civilian labor force	5,679	5,652	147,477	147,721
Participation rate	21.0	20.7	69.6	69.3
Employed	4,869	4,889	134,290	135,791
Employment-population ratio	18.0	17.9	63.4	63.7
Unemployed	810	763	13,187	11,929
Unemployment rate	14.3	13.5	8.9	8.1
Not in labor force	21,305	21,687	64,428	65,525
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,591	2,587	75,101	75,294
Participation rate	34.6	34.4	82.2	82.3
Employed	2,190	2,165	67,517	68,793
Employment-population ratio	29.3	28.8	73.9	75.2
Unemployed	401	422	7,584	6,501
Unemployment rate	15.5	16.3	10.1	8.6
Not in labor force	4,895	4,938	16,208	16,228
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,310	2,216	66,303	65,916
Participation rate	31.2	29.8	70.8	70.3
Employed	1,966	1,938	61,110	60,891
Employment-population ratio	26.5	26.1	65.3	65.0
Unemployed	344	278	5,193	5,025
Unemployment rate	14.9	12.5	7.8	7.6
Not in labor force	5,097	5,220	27,339	27,821
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	778	849	6,073	6,511
Participation rate	6.4	6.9	22.5	23.3
Employed	713	786	5,662	6,107
Employment-population ratio	5.9	6.4	21.0	21.8
Unemployed	65	63	410	403
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.4	6.8	6.2
Not in labor force	11,312	11,529	20,881	21,475
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	36,545	36,851	18,042	18,201	18,503	18,650
Civilian labor force	24,783	24,836	14,441	14,479	10,342	10,357
Participation rate	67.8	67.4	80.0	79.5	55.9	55.5
Employed	22,153	22,647	12,856	13,271	9,297	9,376
Employment-population ratio	60.6	61.5	71.3	72.9	50.2	50.3
Unemployed	2,630	2,189	1,584	1,208	1,045	981
Unemployment rate	10.6	8.8	11.0	8.3	10.1	9.5
Not in labor force	11,762	12,015	3,602	3,723	8,160	8,292
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	202,344	203,733	97,689	98,630	104,655	105,103
Civilian labor force	128,373	128,536	67,063	67,540	61,310	60,997
Participation rate	63.4	63.1	68.6	68.5	58.6	58.0
Employed	117,006	118,033	60,370	61,566	56,636	56,467
Employment-population ratio	57.8	57.9	61.8	62.4	54.1	53.7
Unemployed	11,367	10,503	6,693	5,973	4,674	4,530
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.2	10.0	8.8	7.6	7.4
Not in labor force	73,971	75,197	30,626	31,091	43,345	44,106
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,037	2,176	2,196	2,173	2,373	2,268	2,257	2,262	2,349
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,295	1,319	1,358	1,366	1,484	1,379	1,317	1,359	1,429
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	720	824	823	765	848	843	864	849	874
Unpaid family workers	22	33	15	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	137,123	138,894	138,485	137,036	137,290	137,932	138,167	138,304	138,411
Wage and salary workers(1)	128,436	130,261	129,966	128,121	128,700	129,595	129,531	129,604	129,662
Government	20,745	20,525	20,652	20,724	20,309	20,568	20,516	20,434	20,616
Private industries	107,691	109,736	109,314	107,419	108,416	108,774	108,977	109,159	109,064
Private households	635	674	640	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	107,056	109,062	108,674	106,767	107,678	108,026	108,177	108,485	108,407
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,589	8,576	8,428	8,759	8,530	8,336	8,553	8,628	8,587
Unpaid family workers	97	57	91	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	9,205	8,271	8,428	8,869	8,787	9,270	8,790	8,469	8,098
Slack work or business conditions	6,347	5,499	5,650	5,954	5,815	5,900	5,839	5,578	5,305
Could only find part-time work	2,499	2,492	2,408	2,501	2,707	2,844	2,538	2,496	2,419
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,872	19,355	19,048	18,189	18,276	18,329	18,401	18,363	18,372
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	9,029	8,161	8,259	8,720	8,640	9,115	8,664	8,358	7,952
Slack work or business conditions	6,230	5,422	5,534	5,847	5,714	5,803	5,762	5,502	5,199
Could only find part-time work	2,470	2,473	2,381	2,516	2,702	2,869	2,566	2,518	2,423
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,525	18,950	18,641	17,863	17,867	17,915	18,003	17,941	17,969
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	139,159	141,070	140,681	139,220	139,754	140,107	140,297	140,614	140,790
16 to 19 years	4,116	4,177	4,193	4,297	4,333	4,362	4,398	4,416	4,387
16 to 17 years	1,363	1,368	1,247	1,423	1,358	1,417	1,436	1,413	1,304
18 to 19 years	2,753	2,809	2,946	2,856	2,993	2,952	2,970	2,995	3,060
20 years and over	135,044	136,893	136,488	134,923	135,420	135,745	135,899	136,198	136,403
20 to 24 years	12,611	13,225	13,041	12,745	12,945	13,090	13,346	13,200	13,195
25 years and over	122,433	123,668	123,447	122,210	122,509	122,659	122,521	122,973	123,234
25 to 54 years	94,156	94,322	94,069	93,959	93,606	93,506	93,356	93,708	93,882
25 to 34 years	30,384	30,992	30,800	30,350	30,659	30,607	30,562	30,743	30,771
35 to 44 years	30,528	30,423	30,350	30,446	30,056	30,092	30,094	30,222	30,271
45 to 54 years	33,244	32,907	32,919	33,163	32,891	32,807	32,700	32,743	32,841
55 years and over	28,276	29,346	29,378	28,251	28,903	29,152	29,165	29,264	29,352
Men, 16 years and over	73,226	75,157	74,837	73,607	74,209	74,435	74,492	74,975	75,235
16 to 19 years	1,991	1,974	2,026	2,113	2,110	2,095	2,113	2,129	2,155
16 to 17 years	635	594	576	697	637	672	662	654	635
18 to 19 years	1,356	1,380	1,450	1,403	1,492	1,425	1,449	1,465	1,501
20 years and over	71,235	73,183	72,812	71,494	72,098	72,340	72,379	72,846	73,080
20 to 24 years	6,438	6,967	6,836	6,586	6,789	6,875	7,081	6,980	6,998
25 years and over	64,798	66,216	65,976	64,906	65,347	65,489	65,331	65,853	66,084
25 to 54 years	50,049	50,701	50,461	50,112	50,059	50,080	49,901	50,368	50,528
25 to 34 years	16,443	17,080	16,877	16,446	16,695	16,712	16,668	16,895	16,885
35 to 44 years	16,511	16,497	16,432	16,505	16,253	16,298	16,240	16,370	16,422
45 to 54 years	17,095	17,124	17,152	17,161	17,111	17,069	16,992	17,102	17,221
55 years and over	14,749	15,515	15,515	14,794	15,288	15,409	15,430	15,485	15,556
Women, 16 years and over	65,933	65,913	65,843	65,613	65,545	65,672	65,805	65,639	65,555
16 to 19 years	2,125	2,203	2,167	2,184	2,223	2,266	2,286	2,287	2,232
16 to 17 years	728	774	672	726	721	745	773	759	669
18 to 19 years	1,397	1,429	1,495	1,453	1,501	1,527	1,521	1,530	1,559
20 years and over	63,809	63,710	63,676	63,429	63,322	63,406	63,520	63,352	63,323
20 to 24 years	6,174	6,258	6,205	6,159	6,157	6,215	6,265	6,220	6,198
25 years and over	57,635	57,452	57,471	57,304	57,162	57,170	57,190	57,119	57,150
25 to 54 years	44,108	43,622	43,608	43,847	43,547	43,427	43,455	43,340	43,354
25 to 34 years	13,941	13,912	13,923	13,904	13,964	13,895	13,894	13,848	13,886
35 to 44 years	14,017	13,926	13,918	13,941	13,804	13,794	13,854	13,852	13,849
45 to 54 years	16,150	15,783	15,767	16,002	15,779	15,737	15,708	15,641	15,620
55 years and over	13,527	13,830	13,863	13,457	13,615	13,743	13,735	13,779	13,796
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	43,119	44,159	43,786	43,044	43,259	43,640	43,661	43,933	43,709
Married women, spouse present	34,850	34,705	34,516	34,520	33,947	34,091	34,225	34,442	34,177
Women who maintain families	8,878	8,723	8,807	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	111,207	113,138	113,050	111,873	112,406	112,479	112,841	113,212	113,765
Part-time workers(2)	27,953	27,932	27,630	27,331	27,416	27,640	27,463	27,378	27,040
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,884	7,083	7,030	6,884	6,943	6,970	6,903	7,004	7,013
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,263	5,060	5,199	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,309	9,400	9,252	9,524	9,378	9,179	9,417	9,478	9,461
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	14,393	13,323	13,097	9.4	9.1	9.0	8.9	8.7	8.5
16 to 19 years	1,451	1,370	1,316	25.2	25.3	24.5	24.0	23.7	23.1
16 to 17 years	534	428	501	27.3	28.7	26.3	25.2	23.3	27.8
18 to 19 years	932	917	826	24.6	24.4	23.2	23.2	23.4	21.3
20 years and over	12,943	11,953	11,781	8.8	8.4	8.4	8.3	8.1	8.0
20 to 24 years	2,287	2,190	2,221	15.2	14.7	14.6	13.9	14.2	14.4
25 years and over	10,656	9,740	9,593	8.0	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.3	7.2
25 to 54 years	8,600	7,719	7,681	8.4	8.1	8.1	8.0	7.6	7.6
25 to 34 years	3,375	3,108	3,191	10.0	9.5	9.7	9.7	9.2	9.4
35 to 44 years	2,562	2,268	2,220	7.8	7.6	7.4	7.2	7.0	6.8
45 to 54 years	2,663	2,343	2,271	7.4	7.1	7.2	7.1	6.7	6.5
55 years and over	2,089	1,991	1,929	6.9	6.6	6.7	7.0	6.4	6.2
Men, 16 years and over	8,202	7,366	7,138	10.0	9.5	9.4	9.4	8.9	8.7
16 to 19 years	813	772	782	27.8	28.1	27.8	27.3	26.6	26.6
16 to 17 years	278	239	278	28.5	28.2	27.6	27.4	26.7	30.5
18 to 19 years	537	533	504	27.7	28.9	27.1	27.4	26.7	25.1
20 years and over	7,390	6,594	6,356	9.4	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.3	8.0
20 to 24 years	1,329	1,292	1,262	16.8	16.3	15.7	14.6	15.6	15.3
25 years and over	6,046	5,300	5,112	8.5	8.1	8.0	8.1	7.4	7.2
25 to 54 years	4,882	4,187	4,099	8.9	8.4	8.3	8.4	7.7	7.5
25 to 34 years	1,932	1,705	1,764	10.5	9.8	9.8	10.1	9.2	9.5
35 to 44 years	1,418	1,237	1,179	7.9	8.0	7.6	7.4	7.0	6.7
45 to 54 years	1,533	1,245	1,155	8.2	7.4	7.5	7.5	6.8	6.3
55 years and over	1,164	1,113	1,013	7.3	6.9	6.9	7.2	6.7	6.1
Women, 16 years and over	6,191	5,957	5,959	8.6	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.3	8.3
16 to 19 years	638	598	535	22.6	22.4	21.1	20.6	20.7	19.3
16 to 17 years	256	190	223	26.1	29.2	25.1	23.2	20.0	25.0
18 to 19 years	395	384	322	21.4	19.3	19.0	18.6	20.1	17.1
20 years and over	5,553	5,359	5,425	8.1	7.9	8.1	7.9	7.8	7.9
20 to 24 years	958	898	959	13.5	12.8	13.4	13.1	12.6	13.4
25 years and over	4,610	4,440	4,481	7.4	7.3	7.5	7.3	7.2	7.3
25 to 54 years	3,717	3,532	3,583	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.5	7.5	7.6
25 to 34 years	1,444	1,403	1,427	9.4	9.1	9.5	9.2	9.2	9.3
35 to 44 years	1,144	1,031	1,040	7.6	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.9	7.0
45 to 54 years	1,130	1,098	1,115	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.6	6.6	6.7
55 years and over(1)	830	847	832	5.8	7.1	6.6	6.5	5.8	5.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	2,973	2,461	2,328	6.5	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.1
Married women, spouse present	2,063	1,937	1,950	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.4
Women who maintain families(1)	1,207	1,230	1,308	12.0	11.9	12.4	12.3	12.4	12.9
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	12,639	11,520	11,286	10.2	9.7	9.8	9.5	9.2	9.0
Part-time workers(3)	1,774	1,754	1,825	6.1	6.5	6.0	6.4	6.0	6.3
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	8,995	7,201	7,691	8,877	8,120	8,028	7,924	7,599	7,602
On temporary layoff	1,547	955	1,385	1,366	1,237	1,195	1,226	1,181	1,216
Not on temporary layoff	7,448	6,246	6,306	7,511	6,883	6,833	6,699	6,418	6,386
Permanent job losers	5,917	4,878	5,000	5,990	5,476	5,416	5,308	5,033	5,089
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,530	1,367	1,306	1,521	1,407	1,417	1,391	1,385	1,296
Job leavers	861	1,000	894	920	973	972	1,068	1,005	953
Reentrants	3,031	3,248	3,018	3,406	3,519	3,484	3,387	3,355	3,399
New entrants	1,110	1,164	1,090	1,306	1,249	1,323	1,291	1,276	1,280
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	64.3	57.1	60.6	61.2	58.6	58.1	58.0	57.4	57.4
On temporary layoff	11.1	7.6	10.9	9.4	8.9	8.7	9.0	8.9	9.2
Not on temporary layoff	53.2	49.5	49.7	51.8	49.7	49.5	49.0	48.5	48.3
Job leavers	6.2	7.9	7.0	6.3	7.0	7.0	7.8	7.6	7.2
Reentrants	21.7	25.8	23.8	23.5	25.4	25.2	24.8	25.3	25.7
New entrants	7.9	9.2	8.6	9.0	9.0	9.6	9.4	9.6	9.7
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5.9	4.7	5.0	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.9
Job leavers	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6
Reentrants	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
New entrants	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,681	2,297	2,640	2,701	2,734	2,743	2,676	2,510	2,669
5 to 14 weeks	3,043	2,766	2,735	3,167	3,019	2,902	3,285	2,896	2,858
15 weeks and over	8,273	7,551	7,317	8,613	8,218	8,227	7,869	7,766	7,628
15 to 26 weeks	2,073	1,933	1,906	2,191	2,203	2,029	2,029	2,087	2,039
27 weeks and over	6,200	5,618	5,411	6,421	6,015	6,197	5,839	5,680	5,588
Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)	34.0	41.1	39.7	34.9	40.3	40.4	39.2	40.9	40.8
Median duration, in weeks	22.3	21.8	21.0	22.3	21.7	21.8	20.8	21.5	21.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	19.2	18.2	20.8	18.7	19.6	19.8	19.4	19.1	20.3
5 to 14 weeks	21.7	21.9	21.5	21.9	21.6	20.9	23.8	22.0	21.7
15 weeks and over	59.1	59.9	57.7	59.5	58.8	59.3	56.9	59.0	58.0
15 to 26 weeks	14.8	15.3	15.0	15.1	15.8	14.6	14.7	15.8	15.5
27 weeks and over	44.3	44.5	42.6	44.3	43.1	44.7	42.2	43.1	42.5
Footnotes (1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
Total, 16 years and over(1)	139,159	140,681	13,997	12,692	9.1	8.3
Management, professional, and related occupations	51,704	52,808	2,468	2,303	4.6	4.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	20,393	22,039	1,243	1,019	5.7	4.4
Professional and related occupations	31,310	30,769	1,225	1,284	3.8	4.0
Service occupations	24,717	24,678	2,696	2,542	9.8	9.3
Sales and office occupations	33,407	33,310	3,023	2,844	8.3	7.9
Sales and related occupations	15,521	15,826	1,407	1,325	8.3	7.7
Office and administrative support occupations	17,885	17,484	1,616	1,518	8.3	8.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12,666	13,104	2,407	1,924	16.0	12.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	925	915	268	203	22.5	18.2
Construction and extraction occupations	6,849	7,220	1,785	1,417	20.7	16.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,892	4,970	354	304	6.7	5.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	16,666	16,781	2,245	1,942	11.9	10.4
Production occupations	8,339	8,441	1,109	1,008	11.7	10.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,327	8,340	1,137	933	12.0	10.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
Total, 16 years and over(1)	13,997	12,692	9.1	8.3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	11,008	9,956	9.3	8.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	83	59	10.8	6.9
Construction	1,749	1,327	20.7	16.0
Manufacturing	1,551	1,217	10.0	7.9
Durable goods	999	783	10.4	8.0
Nondurable goods	551	434	9.4	7.6
Wholesale and retail trade	1,698	1,701	8.2	8.2
Transportation and utilities	428	399	7.4	7.0
Information	244	235	8.1	7.7
Financial activities	568	514	6.4	5.6
Professional and business services	1,477	1,403	10.2	9.3
Education and health services	1,139	1,201	5.2	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,580	1,395	12.0	10.8
Other services	491	505	7.9	8.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	278	215	18.1	14.3
Government workers	950	892	4.4	4.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	650	539	6.5	5.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Aug. 2011	Sept. 2011	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011	Dec. 2011
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.4	4.9	4.8	5.6	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.0
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.9	4.7	5.0	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.9
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	9.1	8.2	8.3	9.4	9.1	9.0	8.9	8.7	8.5
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	9.9	8.9	8.8	10.1	9.6	9.6	9.5	9.3	9.1
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	10.7	9.7	9.8	10.9	10.6	10.5	10.4	10.2	10.0
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	16.6	15.0	15.2	16.6	16.2	16.4	16.0	15.6	15.2
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2011
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	85,733	87,212	34,228	34,813	51,505	52,398
Persons who currently want a job	6,212	6,135	2,936	2,911	3,276	3,224
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,609	2,540	1,326	1,304	1,283	1,237
Discouraged workers(2)	1,318	945	829	565	489	380
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,291	1,595	497	738	794	857
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,884	7,030	3,259	3,523	3,625	3,506
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.0	4.5	4.7	5.5	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,514	3,504	1,889	1,981	1,624	1,523
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,916	1,990	596	689	1,320	1,301
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	251	239	156	125	95	114
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,164	1,248	597	711	567	537
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Change from: Nov.2011 - Dec.2011(p)
Total nonfarm	131,050	132,628	132,940	132,721	130,260	131,600	131,700	131,900	200
Total private	108,464	110,262	110,476	110,396	108,008	109,596	109,716	109,928	212
Goods-producing	17,714	18,430	18,287	18,072	17,797	18,117	18,111	18,159	48
Mining and logging	733	825	825	824	734	812	817	825	8
Logging	46.9	48.2	49.1	48.8	47.2	46.1	47.9	48.5	0.6
Mining	686.1	776.9	775.4	774.8	686.7	766.0	769.0	776.0	7.0
Oil and gas extraction	161.4	182.7	184.1	186.4	161.6	183.1	184.2	186.8	2.6
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	201.7	219.8	216.0	211.0	205.6	214.7	213.6	215.0	1.4
Coal mining	83.8	86.6	85.9	86.0	83.2	86.5	85.7	85.7	0.0
Support activities for mining	323.0	374.4	375.3	377.4	319.5	368.2	371.2	374.2	3.0
Construction	5,387	5,779	5,659	5,436	5,498	5,539	5,527	5,544	17
Construction of buildings	1,215.1	1,272.7	1,251.4	1,224.0	1,222.1	1,233.3	1,229.0	1,228.8	-0.2
Residential building	558.6	581.4	573.2	563.3	563.0	563.8	564.1	566.6	2.5
Nonresidential building	656.5	691.3	678.2	660.7	659.1	669.5	664.9	662.2	-2.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	792.6	916.5	881.0	803.8	834.2	850.7	845.8	845.5	-0.3
Specialty trade contractors	3,379.1	3,589.9	3,526.6	3,408.1	3,441.2	3,455.4	3,452.3	3,469.6	17.3
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,410.1	1,519.8	1,490.2	1,427.0	1,441.9	1,457.5	1,461.2	1,458.3	-2.9
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	1,969.0	2,070.1	2,036.4	1,981.1	1,999.3	1,997.9	1,991.1	2,011.3	20.2
Manufacturing	11,594	11,826	11,803	11,812	11,565	11,766	11,767	11,790	23
Durable goods	7,146	7,353	7,362	7,382	7,126	7,329	7,342	7,365	23
Wood products	335.7	333.4	332.4	331.0	337.4	331.9	331.5	332.4	0.9
Nonmetallic mineral products	362.7	376.4	372.8	363.4	367.5	368.3	367.5	367.8	0.3
Primary metals	368.8	392.8	395.2	394.5	368.2	391.5	394.0	393.9	-0.1
Fabricated metal products	1,316.1	1,370.0	1,373.0	1,376.5	1,312.5	1,362.4	1,370.5	1,376.5	6.0
Machinery	1,013.6	1,062.0	1,066.0	1,073.2	1,010.2	1,060.6	1,064.5	1,069.8	5.3
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,114.2	1,128.0	1,124.9	1,127.5	1,111.1	1,128.5	1,124.0	1,124.2	0.2
Computer and peripheral equipment	166.4	173.7	174.6	175.3	166.1	174.0	173.8	174.6	0.8
Communication equipment	119.5	115.2	113.7	114.2	119.0	114.9	114.2	114.1	-0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	376.6	389.1	388.2	388.5	375.5	389.0	387.9	387.4	-0.5
Electronic instruments	406.8	401.8	400.7	401.6	406.2	402.4	400.7	400.7	0.0
Electrical equipment and appliances	368.5	371.4	371.7	373.7	367.7	371.4	371.5	372.9	1.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,340.5	1,393.2	1,404.6	1,419.5	1,329.8	1,391.6	1,400.0	1,408.6	8.6
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	683.5	716.3	721.6	733.3	674.2	714.1	717.6	724.1	6.5
Furniture and related products	349.4	349.5	346.5	345.7	350.3	348.6	347.8	346.4	-1.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing	576.5	576.4	574.7	576.6	571.2	574.4	570.8	572.5	1.7
Nondurable goods	4,448	4,473	4,441	4,430	4,439	4,437	4,425	4,425	0
Food manufacturing	1,453.7	1,466.1	1,447.9	1,445.9	1,444.9	1,442.7	1,438.8	1,439.1	0.3
Beverages and tobacco products	180.0	192.1	189.4	185.4	182.4	187.4	188.2	187.4	-0.8
Textile mills	119.5	120.3	119.4	120.5	119.8	120.3	119.3	120.8	1.5
Textile product mills	116.8	113.7	113.4	111.7	116.3	113.0	112.8	111.9	-0.9
Apparel	156.6	156.5	153.7	153.2	157.6	155.9	154.4	153.9	-0.5
Leather and allied products	28.5	30.4	30.7	30.8	28.5	30.1	30.5	30.6	0.1
Paper and paper products	397.6	399.0	399.0	401.4	396.8	398.9	398.5	400.2	1.7
Printing and related support activities	479.2	463.6	460.7	462.1	476.2	461.8	458.6	460.0	1.4
Petroleum and coal products	110.8	116.7	114.3	107.2	113.0	112.6	112.4	110.1	-2.3
Chemicals	780.5	783.1	782.8	785.3	777.5	784.2	781.9	782.9	1.0
Plastics and rubber products	624.3	631.7	629.8	626.3	626.1	630.1	629.5	628.1	-1.4
Private service-providing	90,750	91,832	92,189	92,324	90,211	91,479	91,605	91,769	164
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25,322	25,060	25,487	25,745	24,746	25,010	25,052	25,142	90
Wholesale trade	5,495.5	5,573.6	5,573.0	5,576.8	5,479.5	5,553.6	5,552.3	5,563.9	11.6
Durable goods	2,742.1	2,785.4	2,782.5	2,793.2	2,736.0	2,779.0	2,777.2	2,789.1	11.9
Nondurable goods	1,941.3	1,965.5	1,965.4	1,958.1	1,935.5	1,954.8	1,953.2	1,952.6	-0.6
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	812.1	822.7	825.1	825.5	808.0	819.8	821.9	822.2	0.3
Retail trade	14,939.3	14,607.9	15,017.7	15,199.3	14,447.2	14,620.2	14,659.0	14,686.9	27.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,638.2	1,692.5	1,692.8	1,689.2	1,648.1	1,686.7	1,693.3	1,697.7	4.4
Automobile dealers	1,019.3	1,053.1	1,054.5	1,054.4	1,021.4	1,050.1	1,053.7	1,056.2	2.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores	456.9	447.2	456.1	460.3	435.8	439.6	439.7	439.3	-0.4
Electronics and appliance stores	529.0	484.9	506.7	506.5	503.2	483.6	485.7	482.9	-2.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,082.5	1,102.7	1,099.4	1,093.0	1,112.0	1,121.2	1,124.3	1,125.1	0.8
Food and beverage stores	2,840.7	2,850.9	2,868.3	2,883.6	2,814.1	2,847.5	2,848.0	2,856.2	8.2
Health and personal care stores	988.4	978.0	987.4	991.1	970.9	978.8	977.5	975.2	-2.3
Gasoline stations	811.3	821.1	824.0	821.2	816.1	820.6	824.7	825.4	0.7
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,533.8	1,447.3	1,565.7	1,624.7	1,405.4	1,458.1	1,473.1	1,484.2	11.1
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	657.9	589.4	622.2	627.8	601.5	588.8	586.5	576.3	-10.2
General merchandise stores(1)	3,181.8	2,989.8	3,169.6	3,260.1	2,972.8	3,010.3	3,021.6	3,034.6	13.0
Department stores	1,651.2	1,491.6	1,624.5	1,690.3	1,484.2	1,508.9	1,514.3	1,518.0	3.7
Miscellaneous store retailers	774.3	772.6	779.3	788.2	753.9	765.7	765.1	768.7	3.6
Nonstore retailers	444.5	431.5	446.2	453.6	413.4	419.3	419.5	421.3	1.8
Transportation and warehousing	4,338.1	4,325.0	4,341.6	4,414.3	4,268.4	4,282.1	4,285.2	4,335.4	50.2
Air transportation	467.0	474.8	469.6	471.1	467.7	474.9	471.9	472.7	0.8
Rail transportation	218.8	227.2	227.5	226.9	218.5	226.6	226.5	227.0	0.5
Water transportation	64.4	65.5	64.1	65.7	64.7	65.0	64.8	65.5	0.7
Truck transportation	1,254.7	1,305.5	1,304.6	1,294.5	1,255.9	1,286.6	1,290.9	1,296.0	5.1
Transit and ground passenger transportation	461.3	460.5	457.2	454.3	445.2	442.0	439.9	439.5	-0.4
Pipeline transportation	42.3	43.4	43.6	44.6	42.3	43.5	43.6	44.4	0.8
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	22.1	30.7	22.8	20.8	26.7	29.0	26.7	26.3	-0.4
Support activities for transportation	544.3	564.4	565.3	564.9	542.0	560.6	563.3	562.6	-0.7
Couriers and messengers	623.7	515.6	542.8	628.7	573.6	522.9	525.6	567.8	42.2
Warehousing and storage	639.5	637.4	644.1	642.8	631.8	631.0	632.0	633.6	1.6
Utilities	549.5	553.6	554.2	554.7	551.2	554.1	555.0	556.2	1.2
Information	2,706	2,653	2,663	2,672	2,694	2,659	2,652	2,658	6
Publishing industries, except Internet	759.9	755.6	754.5	756.4	756.9	754.7	751.7	753.0	1.3
Motion picture and sound recording industries	372.8	358.3	368.0	374.1	372.6	363.9	365.6	370.8	5.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	297.0	295.1	293.6	294.2	295.7	293.7	291.3	292.7	1.4
Telecommunications	888.4	842.1	842.6	842.6	881.8	843.6	840.2	837.2	-3.0
Data processing, hosting and related services	242.4	238.3	239.6	240.0	241.0	238.9	239.1	238.9	-0.2
Other information services	145.8	163.9	164.2	164.5	145.7	163.9	164.3	165.3	1.0
Financial activities	7,625	7,618	7,618	7,633	7,617	7,617	7,622	7,624	2
Finance and insurance	5,692.2	5,664.6	5,676.2	5,686.8	5,681.5	5,668.9	5,672.5	5,675.0	2.5
Monetary authorities - central bank	21.2	21.9	21.9	21.8	21.2	21.9	21.9	21.9	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,553.7	2,540.1	2,549.9	2,558.8	2,549.0	2,544.8	2,549.3	2,552.1	2.8
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,744.8	1,753.1	1,756.2	1,762.7	1,741.9	1,757.1	1,758.1	1,760.0	1.9
Commercial banking	1,317.4	1,322.6	1,324.6	1,329.5	1,316.4	1,325.0	1,326.9	1,328.6	1.7
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	804.3	807.3	807.1	802.9	803.1	806.7	806.3	802.4	-3.9
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,226.7	2,209.4	2,212.3	2,218.0	2,221.7	2,209.9	2,209.8	2,213.1	3.3
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles	86.3	85.9	85.0	85.3	86.5	85.6	85.2	85.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,932.9	1,953.1	1,941.6	1,946.0	1,935.3	1,947.9	1,949.9	1,948.6	-1.3
Real estate	1,396.5	1,408.3	1,399.8	1,403.1	1,395.0	1,402.9	1,403.3	1,402.3	-1.0
Rental and leasing services	511.0	518.8	515.8	516.8	515.0	519.0	520.6	520.3	-0.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	25.4	26.0	26.0	26.1	25.3	26.0	26.0	26.0	0.0
Professional and business services	17,034	17,500	17,513	17,480	16,902	17,323	17,342	17,354	12
Professional and technical services(1)	7,523.1	7,666.9	7,705.1	7,761.2	7,469.4	7,697.8	7,707.1	7,715.6	8.5
Legal services	1,118.3	1,113.2	1,114.6	1,115.2	1,113.7	1,112.4	1,112.8	1,111.0	-1.8
Accounting and bookkeeping services	894.7	865.4	892.5	951.0	881.8	936.8	940.1	943.2	3.1
Architectural and engineering services	1,281.4	1,313.1	1,310.9	1,306.6	1,278.5	1,303.9	1,304.6	1,305.1	0.5
Computer systems design and related services	1,471.7	1,528.0	1,534.5	1,530.4	1,464.9	1,520.4	1,523.9	1,525.1	1.2
Management and technical consulting services	1,020.6	1,070.8	1,077.0	1,082.9	1,008.1	1,062.0	1,064.7	1,069.0	4.3
Management of companies and enterprises	1,877.3	1,895.4	1,899.2	1,905.4	1,873.3	1,894.7	1,897.1	1,899.2	2.1
Administrative and waste services	7,633.4	7,937.8	7,908.8	7,813.5	7,559.6	7,730.7	7,737.4	7,739.1	1.7
Administrative and support services(1)	7,275.2	7,566.9	7,542.2	7,448.6	7,199.8	7,363.0	7,371.7	7,372.1	0.4
Employment services(1)	2,974.6	3,096.7	3,105.9	3,088.2	2,843.6	2,960.9	2,968.3	2,956.7	-11.6
Temporary help services	2,314.3	2,421.9	2,434.0	2,412.2	2,207.2	2,300.0	2,311.2	2,303.7	-7.5
Business support services	824.1	810.5	822.9	831.5	805.2	804.0	807.3	811.2	3.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,689.0	1,823.7	1,788.6	1,711.1	1,765.0	1,776.9	1,778.8	1,783.7	4.9
Waste management and remediation services	358.2	370.9	366.6	364.9	359.8	367.7	365.7	367.0	1.3
Education and health services	19,921	20,299	20,398	20,346	19,760	20,125	20,158	20,187	29
Educational services	3,291.9	3,391.5	3,443.0	3,367.3	3,179.5	3,243.4	3,255.7	3,255.8	0.1
Health care and social assistance	16,629.5	16,907.6	16,954.9	16,978.6	16,580.6	16,882.0	16,902.2	16,930.9	28.7
Health care(3)	13,951.4	14,212.8	14,244.5	14,264.7	13,922.4	14,198.5	14,214.5	14,237.1	22.6
Ambulatory health care services(1)	6,065.8	6,231.4	6,244.8	6,252.7	6,051.3	6,219.2	6,227.0	6,238.3	11.3
Offices of physicians	2,343.1	2,396.6	2,403.2	2,411.0	2,330.0	2,391.9	2,395.7	2,397.6	1.9
Outpatient care centers	613.1	631.7	635.6	637.9	611.4	630.7	633.9	635.5	1.6
Home health care services	1,103.4	1,143.7	1,143.9	1,141.2	1,102.3	1,140.3	1,139.1	1,141.1	2.0
Hospitals	4,715.1	4,781.2	4,793.5	4,803.8	4,708.0	4,780.1	4,787.3	4,797.1	9.8
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,170.5	3,200.2	3,206.2	3,208.2	3,163.1	3,199.2	3,200.2	3,201.7	1.5
Nursing care facilities	1,680.2	1,682.6	1,684.7	1,682.4	1,674.8	1,682.5	1,679.4	1,678.9	-0.5
Social assistance(1)	2,678.1	2,694.8	2,710.4	2,713.9	2,658.2	2,683.5	2,687.7	2,693.8	6.1
Child day care services	870.2	861.6	865.5	861.4	856.6	851.5	849.6	849.4	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	12,749	13,252	13,065	13,008	13,074	13,291	13,321	13,342	21
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,735.7	1,860.9	1,746.4	1,727.9	1,896.4	1,895.2	1,894.1	1,891.0	-3.1
Performing arts and spectator sports	393.5	413.0	393.4	387.9	410.5	405.9	408.0	406.0	-2.0
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks	119.8	132.3	128.0	125.9	127.2	132.4	133.0	133.7	0.7
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,222.4	1,315.6	1,225.0	1,214.1	1,358.7	1,356.9	1,353.1	1,351.3	-1.8
Accommodation and food services	11,012.9	11,391.5	11,318.9	11,280.2	11,177.4	11,395.8	11,426.4	11,451.1	24.7
Accommodation	1,701.9	1,801.0	1,748.9	1,738.5	1,763.3	1,811.7	1,805.9	1,806.6	0.7
Food services and drinking places	9,311.0	9,590.5	9,570.0	9,541.7	9,414.1	9,584.1	9,620.5	9,644.5	24.0
Other services	5,393	5,450	5,445	5,440	5,418	5,454	5,458	5,462	4
Repair and maintenance	1,134.4	1,157.5	1,155.7	1,154.1	1,142.3	1,157.2	1,159.6	1,160.3	0.7
Personal and laundry services	1,268.4	1,282.4	1,279.3	1,276.4	1,271.6	1,285.4	1,282.3	1,281.1	-1.2
Membership associations and organizations	2,990.6	3,010.3	3,010.1	3,009.3	3,004.1	3,011.4	3,016.2	3,020.4	4.2
Government	22,586	22,366	22,464	22,325	22,252	22,004	21,984	21,972	-12
Federal	2,846.0	2,820.0	2,805.0	2,812.0	2,853.0	2,819.0	2,815.0	2,817.0	2.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,200.0	2,197.6	2,193.3	2,197.0	2,210.0	2,201.0	2,202.1	2,204.7	2.6
U.S. Postal Service	646.2	622.0	611.9	615.4	643.4	617.6	612.9	612.1	-0.8
State government	5,250.0	5,230.0	5,256.0	5,193.0	5,140.0	5,079.0	5,077.0	5,077.0	0.0
State government education	2,513.6	2,563.2	2,591.9	2,529.1	2,392.6	2,402.9	2,404.0	2,407.2	3.2
State government, excluding education	2,736.1	2,666.5	2,663.9	2,664.3	2,747.3	2,676.1	2,672.6	2,669.7	-2.9
Local government	14,490.0	14,316.0	14,403.0	14,320.0	14,259.0	14,106.0	14,092.0	14,078.0	-14.0
Local government education	8,266.1	8,103.9	8,204.7	8,159.1	7,951.8	7,857.5	7,848.1	7,838.7	-9.4
Local government, excluding education	6,223.5	6,211.8	6,198.6	6,160.8	6,307.3	6,248.3	6,243.7	6,239.6	-4.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.4	34.3	34.4
Goods-producing	39.7	40.1	40.0	40.1
Mining and logging	43.5	45.1	44.5	44.6
Construction	38.0	38.3	38.4	38.7
Manufacturing	40.3	40.6	40.4	40.5
Durable goods	40.6	40.9	40.7	40.9
Nondurable goods	39.9	40.0	39.8	39.8
Private service-providing	33.1	33.3	33.2	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.6	34.4	34.6
Wholesale trade	38.3	38.8	38.7	38.7
Retail trade	31.5	31.5	31.4	31.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.5	38.4	38.4
Utilities	41.3	42.2	41.7	41.1
Information	36.4	36.8	36.7	36.5
Financial activities	37.0	37.3	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	35.6	35.8	35.7	35.8
Education and health services	32.7	32.7	32.7	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.8	26.0	26.1	26.1
Other services	31.6	31.6	31.5	31.6
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2
Durable goods	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
Total private	$22.77	$23.20	$23.20	$23.24	$778.73	$798.08	$795.76	$799.46
Goods-producing	24.20	24.58	24.52	24.64	960.74	985.66	980.80	988.06
Mining and logging	27.59	28.31	28.38	28.62	1,200.17	1,276.78	1,262.91	1,276.45
Construction	25.33	25.47	25.48	25.53	962.54	975.50	978.43	988.01
Manufacturing	23.46	23.90	23.80	23.93	945.44	970.34	961.52	969.17
Durable goods	24.98	25.45	25.31	25.38	1,014.19	1,040.91	1,030.12	1,038.04
Nondurable goods	20.99	21.28	21.23	21.44	837.50	851.20	844.95	853.31
Private service-providing	22.44	22.88	22.89	22.91	742.76	761.90	759.95	762.90
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.76	20.15	20.19	20.18	681.72	697.19	694.54	698.23
Wholesale trade	26.17	26.42	26.40	26.42	1,002.31	1,025.10	1,021.68	1,022.45
Retail trade	15.63	15.88	15.95	15.97	492.35	500.22	500.83	506.25
Transportation and warehousing	21.21	21.90	21.96	22.01	820.83	843.15	843.26	845.18
Utilities	32.78	33.97	34.18	33.71	1,353.81	1,433.53	1,425.31	1,385.48
Information	31.06	31.49	31.67	31.77	1,130.58	1,158.83	1,162.29	1,159.61
Financial activities	27.45	28.07	28.15	28.16	1,015.65	1,047.01	1,052.81	1,050.37
Professional and business services	27.34	28.00	28.01	28.02	973.30	1,002.40	999.96	1,003.12
Education and health services	23.29	23.73	23.71	23.76	761.58	775.97	775.32	779.33
Leisure and hospitality	13.12	13.32	13.29	13.31	338.50	346.32	346.87	347.39
Other services	20.46	20.56	20.63	20.72	646.54	649.70	649.85	654.75
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2011 - Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2011 - Dec. 2011(p)
Total private	92.6	94.5	94.3	94.8	0.5	100.5	104.5	104.3	105.0	0.7
Goods-producing	80.5	82.8	82.5	83.0	0.6	88.0	91.9	91.5	92.4	1.0
Mining and logging	100.3	115.1	114.2	115.6	1.2	111.1	130.8	130.2	132.9	2.1
Construction	72.0	73.1	73.1	73.9	1.1	79.2	80.9	81.0	82.0	1.2
Manufacturing	83.8	85.9	85.5	85.9	0.5	91.5	95.5	94.7	95.6	1.0
Durable goods	81.5	84.4	84.1	84.8	0.8	90.4	95.4	94.6	95.6	1.1
Nondurable goods	88.4	88.6	87.9	87.9	0.0	94.2	95.6	94.7	95.6	1.0
Private service-providing	95.9	97.8	97.7	98.1	0.4	104.3	108.5	108.3	108.9	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	92.8	94.0	93.7	94.5	0.9	98.7	102.0	101.8	102.7	0.9
Wholesale trade	91.6	94.0	93.8	93.9	0.1	100.0	103.7	103.3	103.6	0.3
Retail trade	92.4	93.5	93.5	94.5	1.1	95.5	98.2	98.6	99.8	1.2
Transportation and warehousing	94.5	94.4	94.2	95.3	1.2	101.8	104.9	104.9	106.4	1.4
Utilities	98.5	101.1	100.1	98.9	-1.2	106.7	113.5	113.1	110.1	-2.7
Information	89.6	89.4	88.9	88.6	-0.3	99.0	100.2	100.2	100.2	0.0
Financial activities	92.9	93.6	93.9	93.7	-0.2	99.5	102.6	103.2	103.0	-0.2
Professional and business services	94.6	97.5	97.4	97.7	0.3	104.8	110.6	110.5	110.9	0.4
Education and health services	105.2	107.1	107.3	107.8	0.5	114.7	119.1	119.2	120.0	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	96.2	98.6	99.2	99.4	0.2	101.9	106.0	106.4	106.7	0.3
Other services	94.9	95.5	95.3	95.6	0.3	110.1	111.4	111.5	112.5	0.9
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
Total nonfarm	64,657	65,040	65,089	65,178	49.6	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private	52,016	52,515	52,569	52,659	48.2	47.9	47.9	47.9
Goods-producing	4,063	4,051	4,040	4,044	22.8	22.4	22.3	22.3
Mining and logging	99	108	110	111	13.5	13.3	13.5	13.5
Construction	714	710	707	710	13.0	12.8	12.8	12.8
Manufacturing	3,250	3,233	3,223	3,223	28.1	27.5	27.4	27.3
Durable goods	1,719	1,715	1,714	1,717	24.1	23.4	23.3	23.3
Nondurable goods	1,531	1,518	1,509	1,506	34.5	34.2	34.1	34.0
Private service-providing	47,953	48,464	48,529	48,615	53.2	53.0	53.0	53.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	9,979	9,993	10,009	10,032	40.3	40.0	40.0	39.9
Wholesale trade	1,644.2	1,672.2	1,672.1	1,672.8	30.0	30.1	30.1	30.1
Retail trade	7,183.9	7,182.8	7,197.2	7,214.1	49.7	49.1	49.1	49.1
Transportation and warehousing	1,015.2	1,003.8	1,005.1	1,009.6	23.8	23.4	23.5	23.3
Utilities	135.4	134.4	134.9	135.1	24.6	24.3	24.3	24.3
Information	1,094	1,079	1,079	1,080	40.6	40.6	40.7	40.6
Financial activities	4,458	4,425	4,432	4,440	58.5	58.1	58.1	58.2
Professional and business services	7,518	7,705	7,711	7,723	44.5	44.5	44.5	44.5
Education and health services	15,215	15,439	15,461	15,483	77.0	76.7	76.7	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	6,821	6,945	6,957	6,976	52.2	52.3	52.2	52.3
Other services	2,868	2,878	2,880	2,881	52.9	52.8	52.8	52.7
Government	12,641	12,525	12,520	12,519	56.8	56.9	57.0	57.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[In thousands]

Industry	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
Total private	88,974	90,385	90,520	90,710
Goods-producing	12,808	13,064	13,049	13,099
Mining and logging	553	612	613	618
Construction	4,162	4,191	4,179	4,199
Manufacturing	8,093	8,261	8,257	8,282
Durable goods	4,865	5,027	5,039	5,059
Nondurable goods	3,228	3,234	3,218	3,223
Private service-providing	76,166	77,321	77,471	77,611
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20,915	21,188	21,235	21,289
Wholesale trade	4,383.6	4,451.0	4,452.0	4,463.0
Retail trade	12,434.9	12,605.2	12,647.8	12,674.2
Transportation and warehousing	3,657.4	3,690.9	3,693.5	3,709.6
Utilities	439.2	440.8	441.8	442.2
Information	2,166	2,136	2,133	2,141
Financial activities	5,845	5,830	5,834	5,840
Professional and business services	13,861	14,252	14,276	14,305
Education and health services	17,328	17,623	17,658	17,688
Leisure and hospitality	11,514	11,723	11,762	11,769
Other services	4,537	4,569	4,573	4,579
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.5	33.7	33.6	33.7
Goods-producing	40.5	40.9	40.9	41.0
Mining and logging	44.9	47.6	47.2	47.3
Construction	38.6	38.9	39.1	39.2
Manufacturing	41.3	41.5	41.4	41.5
Durable goods	41.6	41.8	41.7	41.9
Nondurable goods	40.7	40.9	40.8	40.8
Private service-providing	32.3	32.4	32.4	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.6	33.8	33.7	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.2	38.6	38.5	38.6
Retail trade	30.5	30.6	30.6	30.9
Transportation and warehousing	37.7	37.7	37.8	37.8
Utilities	42.2	41.8	41.7	41.1
Information	36.1	36.2	36.1	36.1
Financial activities	36.3	36.5	36.3	36.3
Professional and business services	35.3	35.2	35.2	35.2
Education and health services	32.1	32.3	32.3	32.3
Leisure and hospitality	24.7	24.8	24.8	24.9
Other services	30.7	30.8	30.8	30.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.1
Durable goods	4.1	4.2	4.1	4.2
Nondurable goods	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)
Total private	$19.23	$19.53	$19.54	$19.54	$644.21	$658.16	$656.54	$658.50
Goods-producing	20.49	20.76	20.77	20.84	829.85	849.08	849.49	854.44
Mining and logging	24.02	24.79	24.89	24.58	1,078.50	1,180.00	1,174.81	1,162.63
Construction	23.44	23.74	23.76	23.90	904.78	923.49	929.02	936.88
Manufacturing	18.80	19.00	18.98	19.05	776.44	788.50	785.77	790.58
Durable goods	20.03	20.19	20.15	20.13	833.25	843.94	840.26	843.45
Nondurable goods	16.91	17.11	17.12	17.32	688.24	699.80	698.50	706.66
Private service-providing	18.97	19.26	19.28	19.27	612.73	624.02	624.67	626.28
Trade, transportation, and utilities	16.97	17.20	17.21	17.13	570.19	581.36	579.98	580.71
Wholesale trade	21.79	22.02	21.99	21.96	832.38	849.97	846.62	847.66
Retail trade	13.36	13.53	13.58	13.51	407.48	414.02	415.55	417.46
Transportation and warehousing	19.28	19.59	19.53	19.48	726.86	738.54	738.23	736.34
Utilities	30.13	30.93	31.33	31.11	1,271.49	1,292.87	1,306.46	1,278.62
Information	26.09	26.73	26.72	26.78	941.85	967.63	964.59	966.76
Financial activities	21.63	21.94	22.05	22.14	785.17	800.81	800.42	803.68
Professional and business services	22.84	23.15	23.18	23.19	806.25	814.88	815.94	816.29
Education and health services	20.42	20.87	20.87	20.90	655.48	674.10	674.10	675.07
Leisure and hospitality	11.31	11.49	11.49	11.49	279.36	284.95	284.95	286.10
Other services	17.24	17.30	17.33	17.37	529.27	532.84	533.76	536.73
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2011 - Dec. 2011(p)	Dec. 2010	Oct. 2011	Nov. 2011(p)	Dec. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2011 - Dec. 2011(p)
Total private	99.6	101.8	101.6	102.1	0.5	128.0	132.8	132.7	133.4	0.5
Goods-producing	79.3	81.7	81.6	82.1	0.6	99.5	103.8	103.7	104.7	1.0
Mining and logging	131.9	154.8	153.8	155.3	1.0	184.3	223.2	222.6	222.1	-0.2
Construction	80.4	81.6	81.8	82.4	0.7	101.8	104.6	105.0	106.4	1.3
Manufacturing	76.7	78.7	78.5	78.9	0.5	94.3	97.8	97.4	98.3	0.9
Durable goods	76.0	78.9	78.9	79.6	0.9	95.1	99.5	99.3	100.1	0.8
Nondurable goods	77.4	77.9	77.4	77.5	0.1	92.5	94.2	93.6	94.8	1.3
Private service-providing	105.2	107.1	107.3	107.9	0.6	136.8	141.5	141.9	142.5	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	98.0	99.8	99.8	100.6	0.8	118.6	122.5	122.5	122.9	0.3
Wholesale trade	98.6	101.2	100.9	101.5	0.6	126.6	131.2	130.8	131.2	0.3
Retail trade	96.0	97.6	98.0	99.1	1.1	109.9	113.2	114.0	114.8	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	103.8	104.7	105.1	105.6	0.5	126.9	130.2	130.2	130.4	0.2
Utilities	94.8	94.2	94.2	93.0	-1.3	119.2	121.7	123.2	120.7	-2.0
Information	89.3	88.3	87.9	88.2	0.3	115.3	116.8	116.3	117.0	0.6
Financial activities	101.5	101.8	101.3	101.4	0.1	135.8	138.1	138.2	138.9	0.5
Professional and business services	109.7	112.4	112.6	112.9	0.3	149.0	154.9	155.3	155.7	0.3
Education and health services	120.0	122.8	123.0	123.2	0.2	161.1	168.5	168.8	169.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	104.2	106.6	106.9	107.4	0.5	133.9	139.0	139.5	140.2	0.5
Other services	97.7	98.7	98.8	99.3	0.5	122.7	124.4	124.8	125.6	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary