Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                   USDL-11-0002
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 7, 2011

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2010


The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 9.4 percent in 
December, and nonfarm payroll employment increased by 103,000, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment rose in
leisure and hospitality and in health care but was little changed in
other major industries.



    ______________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                      |
   |         Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data        |
   |                                                                      |
   |Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using up- |
   |dated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each|
   |calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2006 were|
   |subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2010 through  |
   |November 2010 (as originally published and as revised) appear in      |
   |table A, along with additional information about the revisions.       |
   |______________________________________________________________________|



Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons decreased by 556,000 to 14.5 million
in December, and the unemployment rate dropped to 9.4 percent. Over
the year, these measures were down from 15.2 million and 9.9 percent,
respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(9.4 percent) and whites (8.5 percent) declined in December. The un-
employment rates for adult women (8.1 percent), teenagers (25.4 per-
cent), blacks (15.8 percent), and Hispanics (13.0 percent) showed
little change. The jobless rate for Asians was 7.2 percent, not
seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In December, the number of job losers and persons who completed tem-
porary jobs dropped by 548,000 to 8.9 million. The number of long-
term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little
changed at 6.4 million and accounted for 44.3 percent of the unem-
ployed. (See tables A-11 and A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate edged down in December to
64.3 percent, and the employment-population ratio was essentially un-
changed at 58.3 percent. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (some-
times referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially 
unchanged in December at 8.9 million. These individuals were working 
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were 
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

About 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force
in December, little different than a year earlier. (The data are not
seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.3 million discouraged
workers in December, an increase of 389,000 from December 2009. (The
data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons
not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are
available for them. The remaining 1.3 million persons marginally
attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 103,000 in December.
Employment rose in leisure and hospitality and in health care but
changed little in other major industries. Since December 2009, total
payroll employment has increased by 1.1 million, or an average of
94,000 per month. (See table B-1.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 47,000 in December.
Within the industry, job gains continued in food services and drinking
places (+25,000). Since a recent low in December 2009, the food services 
industry has added 188,000 jobs.

In December, health care employment continued to expand, with a gain
of 36,000. Over the month, job gains continued in ambulatory services
(+21,000), hospitals (+8,000), and nursing and residential care facili-
ties (+7,000). 

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help 
services continued to trend up in December (+16,000) and has risen by 
495,000 since a recent low in September 2009.

Employment in retail trade changed little in December (+12,000). A 
job gain in motor vehicle and parts dealers (+8,000) offset a loss 
in health and personal care stores (-8,000). Employment in most other
service-providing industries changed little over the month.

In the goods-producing sector, mining employment continued to trend 
up in December, reflecting a job gain in support activities for mining
(+5,000).

Manufacturing employment changed little over the month (+10,000). Fol-
lowing job growth earlier in 2010, employment has been relatively flat, 
on net, since May. Construction employment also was little changed overall 
in December (-16,000). Within construction, there were job losses in heavy 
and civil engineering (-13,000) and in residential building (-6,000).

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
held at 34.3 hours in December. The manufacturing workweek for all
employees declined by 0.1 hour to 40.2 hours, while factory overtime
remained at 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and non-
supervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1
hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls increased by 3 cents, or 0.1 percent, to $22.78. Over the past 12 
months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 percent. In December, 
average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory em-
ployees rose by 2 cents, or 0.1 percent, to $19.21. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised
from +172,000 to +210,000, and the change for November was revised
from +39,000 to +71,000.


_________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on
Friday, February 4, 2011, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).



    __________________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                          |
   |               Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data              |
   |                                                                          |
   |Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, the  |
   |establishment survey will begin estimating net business birth/death ad-   |
   |justment factors on a quarterly basis, replacing the current practice of  |
   |estimating the factors annually. This will allow the establishment sur-   |
   |vey to incorporate information from the Quarterly Census of Employment    |
   |and Wages into the birth/death adjustment factors as soon as it becomes   |
   |available and thereby improve the factors. Additional information on this |
   |change is available at www.bls.gov/ces/ces_quarterly_birthdeath.pdf.      |
   |                                                                          |
   |__________________________________________________________________________|


    __________________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                          |
   |                  Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data               |
   |                                                                          |
   |Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, two  |
   |additional data series--"Self-employed workers, unincorporated" and "Self-|
   |employed workers, incorporated"--will be added to table A-9. As a result, |
   |the format of table A-9 will change; sample versions in HTML and PDF for- |
   |mats are available at www.bls.gov/cps/empsit_changes_table_a9_2011.htm.   |
   |Data on the incorporated self-employed have not previously been published |
   |on a regular basis.                                                       |
   |                                                                          |
   |Also, in table A-8, the data series currently labeled "Self-employed work-|
   |ers" (one for Agriculture and related industries and one for Nonagricul-  |
   |tural industries) will be renamed "Self-employed workers, unincorporated."|
   |This is strictly a change in title and not in definition; the data shown  |
   |will not be affected. This change is being made to clarify that these data|
   |only include persons operating unincorporated businesses. A similar title |
   |change will be made to one data series in table A-14.                     |
   |                                                                          |
   |In addition, a change affecting data collected on unemployment duration   |
   |will be introduced in the household survey in January 2011. Presently,    |
   |the Current Population Survey can record unemployment durations of up to  |
   |2 years. Starting with data collected for January 2011, respondents will  |
   |be able to report unemployment durations of up to 5 years. This change    |
   |will likely affect one data series in this news release: the average      |
   |(mean) duration of unemployment, which is found in table A-12. The change |
   |does not affect the estimate of total unemployment or other data series on|
   |duration of unemployment. Additional information is available at          |
   |www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.                                             |
   |                                                                          |
   |Beginning with data for January 2011, occupation estimates in table A-13  |
   |will reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupation classification|
   |system into the household survey. This occupation classification system is|
   |derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system. Histor-|
   |ical data will not be revised.                                            |
   |                                                                          |
   |__________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
    __________________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                          |
   |              Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data                  |
   |                                                                          |
   |With the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, the Current    |
   |Employment Statistics survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll  |
   |employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark ad-  |
   |justments for March 2010 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not sea-|
   |sonally adjusted data beginning with April 2009 and seasonally adjusted   |
   |data beginning with January 2006 are subject to revision.  		      |
   |									      |
   |__________________________________________________________________________|
 
 
    __________________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                          |
   |                 Revisions in the Household Survey Data                   |
   |                                                                          |
   |Effective with the release of data for January 2011 on February 4, 2011   |
   |2011, revisions will be introduced into the population controls for the   | 
   |household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of    |
   |intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau.               |  
   |                                                                          |
   |__________________________________________________________________________|  



         Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment
factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), or household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted 
data for January 2006 through November 2010 were subject to revision.
   
Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2010 through November 2010, as
first published and as revised. The rates were unchanged in 8 of the 11 months
and changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in the remaining 3 months. Re-
vised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning
in December 2009 appear in table B.
   
An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household 
survey data and revised data for January 2010 through November 2010 is available
at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2011.pdf.

Historical data for the seasonally adjusted household series contained in the
A-tables of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Re-
vised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data for additional
series are available on the Internet at ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/.


Table A.  Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to 
revision, January - November 2010

   Year and month         As first           As           Change
                          published        revised

         2010

January ...............      9.7             9.7           0.0
February ..............      9.7             9.7            .0
March .................      9.7             9.7            .0
April .................      9.9             9.8           -.1
May ...................      9.7             9.6           -.1
June ..................      9.5             9.5            .0
July ..................      9.5             9.5            .0
August ................      9.6             9.6            .0
September .............      9.6             9.6            .0
October ...............      9.6             9.7            .1
November ..............      9.8             9.8            .0

 
 
Table B.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)


						   2009							 		   2010
     Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                    
                                                       
                                                   Dec.          Jan.          Feb.          Mar.          Apr.          May           June          July          Aug.         Sept.          Oct.	    Nov.          Dec.

                   TOTAL
                   
  Civilian noninstitutional population (1)        236924        236832        236998        237159        237329        237499        237690        237890        238099        238322        238530	   238715        238889
    Civilian labor force..................        153172        153353        153558        153895        154520        154237        153684        153628        154117        154124        153960	   153950        153690
          Participation rate..............          64.7          64.8          64.8          64.9          65.1          64.9          64.7          64.6          64.7          64.7          64.5	     64.5          64.3
      Employed............................        137960        138511        138698        138952        139382        139353        139092        138991        139267        139378        139084	   138909        139206
          Employment-population ratio.....          58.2          58.5          58.5          58.6          58.7          58.7          58.5          58.4          58.5          58.5          58.3	     58.2          58.3
      Unemployed..........................         15212         14842         14860         14943         15138         14884         14593         14637         14849         14746         14876	    15041         14485
          Unemployment rate...............           9.9           9.7           9.7           9.7           9.8           9.6           9.5           9.5           9.6           9.6           9.7	      9.8           9.4
      
           Men, 20 years and over         
       
  Civilian noninstitutional population (1)        106125        105998        106100        106198        106301        106407        106522        106641        106761        106887        107007	   107114        107216
    Civilian labor force..................         78463         78386         78568         78841         79279         79178         79094         78993         79295         79289         79016	    78980         78906
          Participation rate..............          73.9          74.0          74.1          74.2          74.6          74.4          74.3          74.1          74.3          74.2          73.8	     73.7          73.6
      Employed............................         70479         70525         70707         70977         71348         71451         71329         71340         71505         71559         71365	    71130         71480
          Employment-population ratio.....          66.4          66.5          66.6          66.8          67.1          67.1          67.0          66.9          67.0          66.9          66.7	     66.4          66.7
      Unemployed..........................          7983          7861          7861          7864          7931          7728          7765          7653          7789          7729          7651	     7849          7426
          Unemployment rate...............	    10.2          10.0          10.0          10.0          10.0           9.8           9.8           9.7           9.8           9.7           9.7	      9.9           9.4
 
          Women, 20 years and over                

  Civilian noninstitutional population (1)        113832        113796        113886        113974        114066        114160        114264        114372        114481        114596        114704	   114801        114894
    Civilian labor force..................         68635         68958         69026         68976         69167         69057         68826         68797         68883         69082         69018	    69151         69027
          Participation rate..............          60.3          60.6          60.6          60.5          60.6          60.5          60.2          60.2          60.2          60.3          60.2	     60.2          60.1
      Employed............................         63037         63549         63516         63479         63501         63487         63483         63340         63379         63562         63400	    63385         63428
          Employment-population ratio.....          55.4          55.8          55.8          55.7          55.7          55.6          55.6          55.4          55.4          55.5          55.3	     55.2          55.2
      Unemployed..........................	    5598          5409          5509          5497          5665          5570          5343          5458          5504          5520          5618	     5766          5599
          Unemployment rate...............	     8.2           7.8           8.0           8.0           8.2           8.1           7.8           7.9           8.0           8.0           8.1	      8.3           8.1
                                                  
         Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                
                                                   
  Civilian noninstitutional population (1)         16967         17038         17012         16987         16962         16932         16904         16877         16857         16839         16819	    16800         16780
    Civilian labor force..................          6075          6009          5964          6078          6074          6002          5764          5838          5939          5754          5927	     5820          5757
          Participation rate..............          35.8          35.3          35.1          35.8          35.8          35.4          34.1          34.6          35.2          34.2          35.2	     34.6          34.3
      Employed............................          4444          4438          4475          4497          4533          4416          4279          4312          4383          4256          4319	     4393          4298
          Employment-population ratio.....	    26.2          26.0          26.3          26.5          26.7          26.1          25.3          25.5          26.0          25.3          25.7	     26.2          25.6
      Unemployed..........................	    1631          1572          1490          1581          1542          1586          1485          1526          1556          1497          1607	     1426          1460
          Unemployment rate...............	    26.8          26.2          25.0          26.0          25.4          26.4          25.8          26.1          26.2          26.0          27.1	     24.5          25.4
          
  Footnotes:        
     1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
     NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
 
 
 

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Change from: Nov. 2010- Dec. 2010
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,924	238,530	238,715	238,889	174
Civilian labor force	153,172	153,960	153,950	153,690	-260
Participation rate	64.7	64.5	64.5	64.3	-0.2
Employed	137,960	139,084	138,909	139,206	297
Employment-population ratio	58.2	58.3	58.2	58.3	0.1
Unemployed	15,212	14,876	15,041	14,485	-556
Unemployment rate	9.9	9.7	9.8	9.4	-0.4
Not in labor force	83,752	84,570	84,765	85,199	434
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	9.9	9.7	9.8	9.4	-0.4
Adult men (20 years and over)	10.2	9.7	9.9	9.4	-0.5
Adult women (20 years and over)	8.2	8.1	8.3	8.1	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	26.8	27.1	24.5	25.4	0.9
White	9.0	8.8	8.9	8.5	-0.4
Black or African American	16.2	15.7	16.0	15.8	-0.2
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)	8.4	7.1	7.6	7.2	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	12.8	12.6	13.2	13.0	-0.2
Total, 25 years and over	8.5	8.2	8.4	8.1	-0.3
Less than a high school diploma	15.3	15.3	15.7	15.3	-0.4
High school graduates, no college	10.6	10.1	10.0	9.8	-0.2
Some college or associate degree	8.8	8.5	8.7	8.1	-0.6
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.8	-0.3
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	9,688	9,070	9,471	8,923	-548
Job leavers	916	854	864	914	50
Reentrants	3,385	3,498	3,427	3,408	-19
New entrants	1,244	1,278	1,269	1,311	42
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,908	2,659	2,824	2,725	-99
5 to 14 weeks	3,483	3,427	3,336	3,184	-152
15 to 26 weeks	2,781	2,500	2,515	2,205	-310
27 weeks and over	6,133	6,234	6,328	6,441	113
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	9,093	9,100	8,960	8,931	-29
Slack work or business conditions	6,397	6,174	6,025	6,011	-14
Could only find part-time work	2,362	2,564	2,557	2,568	11
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,359	18,230	18,326	18,184	-142
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,486	2,602	2,531	2,609	-
Discouraged workers	929	1,219	1,282	1,318	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	-109	210	71	103
Total private	-83	193	79	113
Goods-producing	-54	10	-5	-2
Mining and logging	0	10	5	4
Construction	-36	4	-2	-16
Manufacturing	-18	-4	-8	10
Durable goods(1)	-11	1	-2	10
Motor vehicles and parts	-1.1	3.2	0.1	3.3
Nondurable goods	-7	-5	-6	0
Private service-providing(1)	-29	183	84	115
Wholesale trade	-4.3	11.1	5.2	8.8
Retail trade	-14.5	38.2	-19.4	12.0
Transportation and warehousing	-4.0	3.9	15.3	8.8
Information	-14	-4	2	-4
Financial activities	-9	3	-4	4
Professional and business services(1)	22	40	49	7
Temporary help services	49.7	28.6	31.1	15.9
Education and health services(1)	37	66	37	44
Health care and social assistance	21.8	42.1	26.6	37.1
Leisure and hospitality	-33	-1	12	47
Other services	-7	25	-12	-14
Government	-26	17	-8	-10
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2) AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.6	49.6	49.6
Total private women employees	48.4	48.1	48.1	48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.8	34.3	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$22.38	$22.74	$22.75	$22.78
Average weekly earnings	$756.44	$779.98	$780.33	$781.35
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	90.7	93.1	93.1	93.2
Over-the-month percent change	-0.4	0.5	0.0	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	96.8	100.9	101.0	101.3
Over-the-month percent change	-0.4	0.7	0.1	0.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.2	33.6	33.5	33.6
Average hourly earnings	$18.85	$19.18	$19.19	$19.21
Average weekly earnings	$625.82	$644.45	$642.87	$645.46
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)	97.9	100.1	99.9	100.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.0	0.4	-0.2	0.4
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)	123.3	128.3	128.1	128.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.8	-0.2	0.5
DIFFUSION INDEX(5) (Over 1-month span)
Total private	39.6	60.4	52.0	60.0
Manufacturing	41.5	49.4	45.7	53.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary

    Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates


Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The
establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on
the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because
of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of
about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey,
while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household
survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive
scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants.
However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to
identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to de-
termine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does
include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not
include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at
the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment
survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately suc-
ceeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents
in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more informa-
tion on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revi-
sion that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available
from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for
sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the
annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
  
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account 
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net 
jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of
the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sam-
pling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new
businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a
new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection.
BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of house-
holds. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available
to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are in-
cluded even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or ques-
tion relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employ-
ment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey 
provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemploy-
ment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a 
sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Cen-
sus Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural busi-
ness establishments. The sample includes about 140,000 businesses and 
government agencies representing approximately 410,000 worksites and is 
drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment  in-
surance tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately one-
third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular 
week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is 
generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. 
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period 
including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employ-
ed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 
bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the follow-
ing criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they 
were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts 
to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need 
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment 
data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eli-
gibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed per-
sons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a per-
cent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-popula-
tion ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional 
information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/
cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as
well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees
on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsu-
pervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defin-
ed as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and 
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory em-
ployees in private service-providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s princi-
pal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American 
Industry Classification System. Additional information about the estab-
lishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the es-
tablishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and re-
calculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revi-
sions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,0001. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confi-
dence interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to 
+150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,0002). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is
about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies
within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in
fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employ-
ment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is 
likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in 
fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, 
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemploy-
ment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 280,000, and for 
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/-0.19 per-
centage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The pre-
cision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over 
time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwill-
ingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely 
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collec-
tion or processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only
after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly 
all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is consi-
dered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment
survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment
generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestima-
tion of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two compo-
nents is used to account for business births. The first component 
excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from 
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based esti-
mation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out 
of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the 
other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the 
net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to
estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for 
by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and 
test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance 
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net 
of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are ad-
justed once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll
employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment
insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based em-
ployment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a bench-
mark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. 
The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of 
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions  for 
total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 
-0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory im-
paired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal 
Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,924	238,715	238,889	236,924	238,099	238,322	238,530	238,715	238,889
Civilian labor force	152,693	153,698	153,156	153,172	154,117	154,124	153,960	153,950	153,690
Participation rate	64.4	64.4	64.1	64.7	64.7	64.7	64.5	64.5	64.3
Employed	137,953	139,415	139,159	137,960	139,267	139,378	139,084	138,909	139,206
Employment-population ratio	58.2	58.4	58.3	58.2	58.5	58.5	58.3	58.2	58.3
Unemployed	14,740	14,282	13,997	15,212	14,849	14,746	14,876	15,041	14,485
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.3	9.1	9.9	9.6	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4
Not in labor force	84,231	85,017	85,733	83,752	83,983	84,198	84,570	84,765	85,199
Persons who currently want a job	5,939	5,832	6,212	6,218	6,039	6,236	6,279	6,248	6,471
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	114,728	115,640	115,731	114,728	115,317	115,433	115,542	115,640	115,731
Civilian labor force	81,243	81,651	81,504	81,533	82,266	82,165	82,000	81,986	81,845
Participation rate	70.8	70.6	70.4	71.1	71.3	71.2	71.0	70.9	70.7
Employed	72,258	73,540	73,226	72,609	73,600	73,594	73,470	73,337	73,600
Employment-population ratio	63.0	63.6	63.3	63.3	63.8	63.8	63.6	63.4	63.6
Unemployed	8,985	8,111	8,278	8,925	8,666	8,571	8,530	8,649	8,245
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.9	10.2	10.9	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.1
Not in labor force	33,485	33,988	34,228	33,194	33,051	33,268	33,542	33,653	33,886
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	106,125	107,114	107,216	106,125	106,761	106,887	107,007	107,114	107,216
Civilian labor force	78,392	78,822	78,780	78,463	79,295	79,289	79,016	78,980	78,906
Participation rate	73.9	73.6	73.5	73.9	74.3	74.2	73.8	73.7	73.6
Employed	70,251	71,471	71,235	70,479	71,505	71,559	71,365	71,130	71,480
Employment-population ratio	66.2	66.7	66.4	66.4	67.0	66.9	66.7	66.4	66.7
Unemployed	8,141	7,352	7,545	7,983	7,789	7,729	7,651	7,849	7,426
Unemployment rate	10.4	9.3	9.6	10.2	9.8	9.7	9.7	9.9	9.4
Not in labor force	27,733	28,291	28,436	27,662	27,467	27,599	27,991	28,134	28,310
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,197	123,075	123,158	122,197	122,783	122,889	122,988	123,075	123,158
Civilian labor force	71,450	72,046	71,653	71,639	71,851	71,959	71,960	71,964	71,845
Participation rate	58.5	58.5	58.2	58.6	58.5	58.6	58.5	58.5	58.3
Employed	65,694	65,875	65,933	65,351	65,667	65,784	65,613	65,572	65,605
Employment-population ratio	53.8	53.5	53.5	53.5	53.5	53.5	53.3	53.3	53.3
Unemployed	5,756	6,171	5,719	6,287	6,183	6,175	6,346	6,392	6,240
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.6	8.0	8.8	8.6	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.7
Not in labor force	50,747	51,029	51,505	50,558	50,932	50,930	51,028	51,112	51,313
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	113,832	114,801	114,894	113,832	114,481	114,596	114,704	114,801	114,894
Civilian labor force	68,617	69,374	68,999	68,635	68,883	69,082	69,018	69,151	69,027
Participation rate	60.3	60.4	60.1	60.3	60.2	60.3	60.2	60.2	60.1
Employed	63,430	63,779	63,809	63,037	63,379	63,562	63,400	63,385	63,428
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.6	55.5	55.4	55.4	55.5	55.3	55.2	55.2
Unemployed	5,187	5,595	5,190	5,598	5,504	5,520	5,618	5,766	5,599
Unemployment rate	7.6	8.1	7.5	8.2	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.1
Not in labor force	45,215	45,427	45,895	45,198	45,598	45,514	45,687	45,651	45,867
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,967	16,800	16,780	16,967	16,857	16,839	16,819	16,800	16,780
Civilian labor force	5,684	5,501	5,378	6,075	5,939	5,754	5,927	5,820	5,757
Participation rate	33.5	32.7	32.0	35.8	35.2	34.2	35.2	34.6	34.3
Employed	4,272	4,165	4,116	4,444	4,383	4,256	4,319	4,393	4,298
Employment-population ratio	25.2	24.8	24.5	26.2	26.0	25.3	25.7	26.2	25.6
Unemployed	1,412	1,335	1,262	1,631	1,556	1,497	1,607	1,426	1,460
Unemployment rate	24.8	24.3	23.5	26.8	26.2	26.0	27.1	24.5	25.4
Not in labor force	11,283	11,299	11,402	10,892	10,918	11,085	10,893	10,980	11,022
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	191,628	192,641	192,749	191,628	192,245	192,391	192,527	192,641	192,749
Civilian labor force	124,344	124,735	124,309	124,703	125,358	125,333	124,914	124,824	124,700
Participation rate	64.9	64.7	64.5	65.1	65.2	65.1	64.9	64.8	64.7
Employed	113,416	114,254	114,035	113,439	114,457	114,433	113,975	113,728	114,079
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.3	59.2	59.2	59.5	59.5	59.2	59.0	59.2
Unemployed	10,928	10,481	10,274	11,264	10,901	10,899	10,940	11,096	10,620
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.4	8.3	9.0	8.7	8.7	8.8	8.9	8.5
Not in labor force	67,284	67,907	68,439	66,925	66,887	67,058	67,612	67,817	68,049
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,870	65,074	64,978	64,884	65,571	65,579	65,215	65,088	65,041
Participation rate	74.4	74.1	73.9	74.4	74.8	74.8	74.3	74.1	74.0
Employed	58,653	59,492	59,280	58,846	59,720	59,759	59,425	59,137	59,484
Employment-population ratio	67.2	67.7	67.4	67.5	68.2	68.1	67.7	67.3	67.7
Unemployed	6,217	5,583	5,698	6,038	5,850	5,820	5,790	5,951	5,557
Unemployment rate	9.6	8.6	8.8	9.3	8.9	8.9	8.9	9.1	8.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,823	55,155	54,927	54,817	54,878	54,961	54,846	54,953	54,914
Participation rate	60.0	60.0	59.7	59.9	59.8	59.8	59.7	59.7	59.7
Employed	51,116	51,195	51,261	50,771	50,989	51,000	50,835	50,817	50,920
Employment-population ratio	55.9	55.7	55.7	55.5	55.6	55.5	55.3	55.2	55.3
Unemployed	3,707	3,960	3,667	4,046	3,889	3,961	4,012	4,136	3,994
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.2	6.7	7.4	7.1	7.2	7.3	7.5	7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,651	4,506	4,404	5,002	4,910	4,793	4,853	4,783	4,746
Participation rate	35.9	35.2	34.4	38.6	38.2	37.3	37.8	37.3	37.1
Employed	3,647	3,568	3,494	3,822	3,747	3,674	3,715	3,775	3,676
Employment-population ratio	28.1	27.9	27.3	29.5	29.2	28.6	29.0	29.5	28.7
Unemployed	1,004	938	910	1,180	1,162	1,119	1,138	1,008	1,070
Unemployment rate	21.6	20.8	20.7	23.6	23.7	23.3	23.4	21.1	22.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	28,437	28,865	28,896	28,437	28,755	28,794	28,831	28,865	28,896
Civilian labor force	17,484	17,979	17,835	17,616	17,876	17,777	17,946	18,020	17,958
Participation rate	61.5	62.3	61.7	61.9	62.2	61.7	62.2	62.4	62.1
Employed	14,759	15,206	15,120	14,760	14,972	14,920	15,127	15,142	15,119
Employment-population ratio	51.9	52.7	52.3	51.9	52.1	51.8	52.5	52.5	52.3
Unemployed	2,725	2,772	2,715	2,856	2,904	2,857	2,818	2,878	2,839
Unemployment rate	15.6	15.4	15.2	16.2	16.2	16.1	15.7	16.0	15.8
Not in labor force	10,953	10,886	11,061	10,822	10,879	11,017	10,885	10,845	10,939
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	7,896	8,084	8,079	7,919	8,080	8,066	8,072	8,099	8,106
Participation rate	68.7	69.0	68.8	68.9	69.3	69.1	69.0	69.1	69.1
Employed	6,579	6,815	6,758	6,588	6,691	6,661	6,763	6,753	6,764
Employment-population ratio	57.3	58.2	57.6	57.4	57.4	57.1	57.8	57.6	57.6
Unemployed	1,317	1,269	1,321	1,331	1,389	1,405	1,309	1,346	1,341
Unemployment rate	16.7	15.7	16.4	16.8	17.2	17.4	16.2	16.6	16.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,891	9,238	9,141	8,953	9,114	9,101	9,173	9,228	9,204
Participation rate	62.2	63.6	62.9	62.7	63.1	62.9	63.3	63.6	63.3
Employed	7,786	8,035	7,998	7,783	7,911	7,948	7,998	8,017	7,993
Employment-population ratio	54.5	55.4	55.0	54.5	54.7	54.9	55.2	55.2	55.0
Unemployed	1,105	1,203	1,143	1,170	1,203	1,152	1,176	1,211	1,211
Unemployment rate	12.4	13.0	12.5	13.1	13.2	12.7	12.8	13.1	13.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	698	657	615	744	682	611	700	693	648
Participation rate	26.2	24.9	23.4	27.9	25.7	23.1	26.5	26.3	24.6
Employed	394	356	365	389	370	310	366	372	361
Employment-population ratio	14.8	13.5	13.9	14.6	14.0	11.7	13.9	14.1	13.7
Unemployed	303	301	250	355	312	300	334	321	287
Unemployment rate	43.5	45.8	40.7	47.7	45.7	49.2	47.7	46.3	44.2
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	10,904	11,376	11,387	-	-	-	-	-	-
Civilian labor force	7,163	7,335	7,355	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	65.7	64.5	64.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	6,560	6,780	6,829	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	60.2	59.6	60.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	602	555	526	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.6	7.2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in labor force	3,741	4,041	4,032	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,379	34,102	34,188	33,379	33,836	33,927	34,014	34,102	34,188
Civilian labor force	22,481	22,958	22,929	22,408	22,733	22,896	22,814	22,915	22,868
Participation rate	67.3	67.3	67.1	67.1	67.2	67.5	67.1	67.2	66.9
Employed	19,591	20,042	19,957	19,532	19,991	20,042	19,936	19,899	19,906
Employment-population ratio	58.7	58.8	58.4	58.5	59.1	59.1	58.6	58.4	58.2
Unemployed	2,890	2,916	2,972	2,876	2,742	2,854	2,878	3,016	2,962
Unemployment rate	12.9	12.7	13.0	12.8	12.1	12.5	12.6	13.2	13.0
Not in labor force	10,899	11,145	11,259	10,971	11,102	11,031	11,201	11,188	11,320
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,804	13,000	13,115	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	82.4	81.8	82.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	11,168	11,454	11,431	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	71.9	72.1	71.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,636	1,546	1,684	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	12.8	11.9	12.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,720	8,999	8,880	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	59.4	60.2	59.2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	7,806	7,916	7,892	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	53.2	52.9	52.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	915	1,083	988	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	10.5	12.0	11.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	956	959	934	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	30.3	29.4	28.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	617	672	633	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	19.5	20.6	19.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	340	288	300	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	35.5	30.0	32.2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	12,015	11,730	11,773	11,988	11,815	11,828	11,800	11,803	11,758
Participation rate	45.7	46.3	46.1	45.6	46.4	46.7	47.0	46.6	46.0
Employed	10,123	9,943	9,924	10,160	10,143	10,003	9,995	9,955	9,963
Employment-population ratio	38.5	39.3	38.9	38.7	39.8	39.5	39.8	39.3	39.0
Unemployed	1,892	1,788	1,850	1,829	1,673	1,824	1,805	1,848	1,795
Unemployment rate	15.7	15.2	15.7	15.3	14.2	15.4	15.3	15.7	15.3
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	37,808	37,794	38,231	37,732	38,266	38,151	38,051	37,824	38,203
Participation rate	61.7	61.0	60.9	61.6	61.9	61.9	61.6	61.1	60.9
Employed	33,803	34,178	34,470	33,746	34,352	34,331	34,225	34,035	34,465
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.2	54.9	55.1	55.5	55.7	55.4	55.0	54.9
Unemployed	4,005	3,616	3,761	3,986	3,915	3,820	3,826	3,789	3,738
Unemployment rate	10.6	9.6	9.8	10.6	10.2	10.0	10.1	10.0	9.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,796	37,337	36,763	36,878	37,065	37,115	37,120	37,037	36,809
Participation rate	70.4	70.4	70.1	70.5	70.5	70.5	70.0	69.8	70.2
Employed	33,660	34,247	33,869	33,641	33,850	33,746	33,972	33,832	33,821
Employment-population ratio	64.4	64.6	64.6	64.3	64.4	64.1	64.0	63.8	64.5
Unemployed	3,135	3,090	2,894	3,237	3,215	3,369	3,148	3,205	2,988
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.3	7.9	8.8	8.7	9.1	8.5	8.7	8.1
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	45,927	46,330	46,310	45,912	45,677	46,488	46,132	46,322	46,312
Participation rate	77.2	76.6	76.9	77.1	75.8	76.5	76.1	76.6	76.9
Employed	43,752	44,101	44,170	43,654	43,574	44,405	43,971	43,952	44,095
Employment-population ratio	73.5	72.9	73.4	73.3	72.3	73.0	72.6	72.7	73.2
Unemployed	2,175	2,228	2,140	2,258	2,103	2,083	2,161	2,370	2,217
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.7	5.1	4.8
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	22,000	21,833	20,234	20,039	1,766	1,794
Civilian labor force	11,834	11,534	10,736	10,390	1,098	1,144
Participation rate	53.8	52.8	53.1	51.8	62.2	63.8
Employed	10,866	10,576	9,846	9,509	1,020	1,067
Employment-population ratio	49.4	48.4	48.7	47.5	57.8	59.5
Unemployed	968	957	891	881	78	77
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.3	8.3	8.5	7.1	6.7
Not in labor force	10,166	10,299	9,498	9,649	668	650
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,120	2,242	1,755	1,897	365	345
Civilian labor force	1,768	1,794	1,496	1,558	273	236
Participation rate	83.4	80.0	85.2	82.1	74.7	68.3
Employed	1,628	1,584	1,377	1,374	252	210
Employment-population ratio	76.8	70.7	78.4	72.4	69.0	60.8
Unemployed	140	210	119	184	21	26
Unemployment rate	7.9	11.7	8.0	11.8	7.6	10.9
Not in labor force	352	448	259	339	92	109
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,825	2,924	2,374	2,470	451	454
Civilian labor force	2,464	2,530	2,124	2,163	340	367
Participation rate	87.2	86.5	89.5	87.6	75.3	80.9
Employed	2,307	2,395	1,987	2,039	320	356
Employment-population ratio	81.7	81.9	83.7	82.5	70.9	78.5
Unemployed	157	136	137	125	20	11
Unemployment rate	6.4	5.4	6.5	5.8	5.9	3.0
Not in labor force	361	394	250	307	111	87
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	11,130	10,796	10,764	10,448	367	348
Civilian labor force	4,108	3,847	3,974	3,718	135	129
Participation rate	36.9	35.6	36.9	35.6	36.8	37.2
Employed	3,741	3,516	3,615	3,395	126	122
Employment-population ratio	33.6	32.6	33.6	32.5	34.4	34.9
Unemployed	368	331	359	323	9	8
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.6	9.0	8.7	6.5	6.1
Not in labor force	7,022	6,949	6,790	6,730	232	219
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,925	5,871	5,341	5,224	584	647
Civilian labor force	3,494	3,362	3,143	2,951	351	412
Participation rate	59.0	57.3	58.8	56.5	60.1	63.6
Employed	3,190	3,081	2,867	2,701	323	380
Employment-population ratio	53.8	52.5	53.7	51.7	55.3	58.7
Unemployed	304	281	276	249	28	32
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.4	8.8	8.5	8.0	7.8
Not in labor force	2,431	2,508	2,198	2,273	233	235
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,980	208,058	89,935	91,143	116,045	116,915
Civilian labor force	138,955	139,806	69,594	70,228	69,361	69,578
Participation rate	67.5	67.2	77.4	77.1	59.8	59.5
Employed	125,705	127,220	61,794	63,082	63,911	64,138
Employment-population ratio	61.0	61.1	68.7	69.2	55.1	54.9
Unemployed	13,250	12,586	7,800	7,146	5,450	5,440
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.0	11.2	10.2	7.9	7.8
Not in labor force	67,025	68,252	20,341	20,915	46,684	47,338
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	27,075	26,984	209,849	211,905
Civilian labor force	5,847	5,679	146,845	147,477
Participation rate	21.6	21.0	70.0	69.6
Employed	5,042	4,869	132,910	134,290
Employment-population ratio	18.6	18.0	63.3	63.4
Unemployed	805	810	13,935	13,187
Unemployment rate	13.8	14.3	9.5	8.9
Not in labor force	21,228	21,305	63,004	64,428
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,629	2,591	74,975	75,101
Participation rate	36.4	34.6	82.5	82.2
Employed	2,238	2,190	66,675	67,517
Employment-population ratio	31.0	29.3	73.4	73.9
Unemployed	391	401	8,300	7,584
Unemployment rate	14.9	15.5	11.1	10.1
Not in labor force	4,602	4,895	15,915	16,208
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,353	2,310	66,063	66,303
Participation rate	30.6	31.2	71.2	70.8
Employed	2,028	1,966	60,818	61,110
Employment-population ratio	26.4	26.5	65.6	65.3
Unemployed	324	344	5,245	5,193
Unemployment rate	13.8	14.9	7.9	7.8
Not in labor force	5,339	5,097	26,686	27,339
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	865	778	5,807	6,073
Participation rate	7.1	6.4	22.2	22.5
Employed	775	713	5,417	5,662
Employment-population ratio	6.4	5.9	20.7	21.0
Unemployed	89	65	390	410
Unemployment rate	10.3	8.4	6.7	6.8
Not in labor force	11,287	11,312	20,403	20,881
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,575	36,545	17,932	18,042	17,643	18,503
Civilian labor force	23,920	24,783	14,179	14,441	9,741	10,342
Participation rate	67.2	67.8	79.1	80.0	55.2	55.9
Employed	21,290	22,153	12,517	12,856	8,773	9,297
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.6	69.8	71.3	49.7	50.2
Unemployed	2,630	2,630	1,662	1,584	968	1,045
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.6	11.7	11.0	9.9	10.1
Not in labor force	11,655	11,762	3,753	3,602	7,902	8,160
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,349	202,344	96,795	97,689	104,554	104,655
Civilian labor force	128,773	128,373	67,064	67,063	61,709	61,310
Participation rate	64.0	63.4	69.3	68.6	59.0	58.6
Employed	116,663	117,006	59,741	60,370	56,922	56,636
Employment-population ratio	57.9	57.8	61.7	61.8	54.4	54.1
Unemployed	12,110	11,367	7,323	6,693	4,787	4,674
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.9	10.9	10.0	7.8	7.6
Not in labor force	72,576	73,971	29,732	30,626	42,845	43,345
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	1,952	2,127	2,037	2,079	2,187	2,172	2,348	2,185	2,176
Wage and salary workers	1,228	1,347	1,295	1,313	1,306	1,310	1,446	1,385	1,384
Self-employed workers	707	749	720	760	852	798	823	771	775
Unpaid family workers	17	30	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	136,001	137,289	137,123	135,854	136,957	137,266	136,797	136,752	137,001
Wage and salary workers	127,003	128,468	128,436	126,605	128,215	128,438	127,852	127,728	128,043
Government	21,128	20,745	20,745	21,146	20,564	20,855	20,717	20,600	20,759
Private industries	105,875	107,723	107,691	105,481	107,709	107,451	107,100	107,146	107,303
Private households	736	650	635	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	105,139	107,073	107,056	104,738	107,057	106,859	106,470	106,516	106,665
Self-employed workers	8,915	8,727	8,589	9,119	8,715	8,752	8,862	8,832	8,783
Unpaid family workers	83	93	97	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(1)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(2)	9,354	8,670	9,205	9,093	8,883	9,506	9,100	8,960	8,931
Slack work or business conditions	6,758	5,897	6,347	6,397	6,357	6,732	6,174	6,025	6,011
Could only find part-time work	2,286	2,487	2,499	2,362	2,379	2,478	2,564	2,557	2,568
Part time for noneconomic reasons(3)	19,082	19,290	18,872	18,359	18,566	18,256	18,230	18,326	18,184
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(2)	9,222	8,526	9,029	8,993	8,752	9,380	8,991	8,822	8,789
Slack work or business conditions	6,672	5,805	6,230	6,327	6,276	6,649	6,108	5,941	5,911
Could only find part-time work	2,267	2,468	2,470	2,340	2,347	2,454	2,534	2,555	2,542
Part time for noneconomic reasons(3)	18,740	18,928	18,525	18,020	18,175	17,911	17,848	17,929	17,829
Footnotes (1) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (3) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	137,953	139,415	139,159	137,960	139,267	139,378	139,084	138,909	139,206
16 to 19 years	4,272	4,165	4,116	4,444	4,383	4,256	4,319	4,393	4,298
16 to 17 years	1,381	1,369	1,363	1,446	1,413	1,405	1,434	1,440	1,434
18 to 19 years	2,891	2,796	2,753	3,005	2,979	2,857	2,894	2,961	2,869
20 years and over	133,680	135,250	135,044	133,516	134,885	135,121	134,764	134,515	134,908
20 to 24 years	12,343	12,781	12,611	12,426	12,838	12,825	12,774	12,774	12,713
25 years and over	121,337	122,469	122,433	121,095	122,110	122,254	121,910	121,744	122,196
25 to 54 years	94,030	94,347	94,156	93,838	94,060	94,076	94,011	93,723	93,962
25 to 34 years	29,875	30,458	30,384	29,829	30,341	30,321	30,323	30,214	30,345
35 to 44 years	30,831	30,715	30,528	30,748	30,598	30,538	30,650	30,527	30,447
45 to 54 years	33,325	33,175	33,244	33,260	33,120	33,217	33,037	32,982	33,170
55 years and over	27,307	28,122	28,276	27,257	28,051	28,178	27,899	28,021	28,234
Men, 16 years and over	72,258	73,540	73,226	72,609	73,600	73,594	73,470	73,337	73,600
16 to 19 years	2,008	2,069	1,991	2,129	2,095	2,035	2,106	2,206	2,121
16 to 17 years	618	627	635	673	671	662	660	688	695
18 to 19 years	1,389	1,443	1,356	1,449	1,437	1,371	1,443	1,524	1,420
20 years and over	70,251	71,471	71,235	70,479	71,505	71,559	71,365	71,130	71,480
20 to 24 years	6,127	6,473	6,438	6,245	6,573	6,533	6,542	6,502	6,568
25 years and over	64,124	64,998	64,798	64,224	64,976	65,005	64,803	64,617	64,904
25 to 54 years	49,905	50,304	50,049	49,970	50,345	50,306	50,209	49,970	50,117
25 to 34 years	16,146	16,491	16,443	16,127	16,495	16,436	16,434	16,331	16,428
35 to 44 years	16,615	16,652	16,511	16,631	16,603	16,547	16,573	16,543	16,522
45 to 54 years	17,144	17,162	17,095	17,212	17,247	17,324	17,202	17,096	17,168
55 years and over	14,219	14,693	14,749	14,253	14,630	14,699	14,594	14,648	14,787
Women, 16 years and over	65,694	65,875	65,933	65,351	65,667	65,784	65,613	65,572	65,605
16 to 19 years	2,265	2,096	2,125	2,315	2,288	2,221	2,214	2,187	2,177
16 to 17 years	763	742	728	772	742	743	774	752	739
18 to 19 years	1,502	1,354	1,397	1,556	1,542	1,486	1,452	1,437	1,449
20 years and over	63,430	63,779	63,809	63,037	63,379	63,562	63,400	63,385	63,428
20 to 24 years	6,216	6,308	6,174	6,182	6,265	6,292	6,232	6,272	6,145
25 years and over	57,213	57,471	57,635	56,871	57,135	57,249	57,106	57,127	57,292
25 to 54 years	44,125	44,042	44,108	43,867	43,714	43,770	43,801	43,753	43,845
25 to 34 years	13,728	13,967	13,941	13,702	13,846	13,885	13,889	13,883	13,917
35 to 44 years	14,215	14,063	14,017	14,118	13,995	13,992	14,077	13,983	13,925
45 to 54 years	16,181	16,013	16,150	16,048	15,873	15,894	15,836	15,887	16,003
55 years and over	13,089	13,429	13,527	13,004	13,420	13,479	13,305	13,374	13,447
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	43,364	43,296	43,119	43,323	43,418	43,701	43,301	43,130	43,081
Married women, spouse present	35,198	34,725	34,850	34,962	34,271	34,469	34,553	34,543	34,612
Women who maintain families	8,403	8,817	8,878	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	109,875	111,348	111,207	110,403	111,805	111,710	111,585	111,187	111,744
Part-time workers(2)	28,078	28,068	27,953	27,492	27,711	27,649	27,433	27,594	27,394
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,886	6,816	6,884	6,936	6,805	6,687	6,679	6,734	6,950
Percent of total employed	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.0
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	15,212	15,041	14,485	9.9	9.6	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4
16 to 19 years	1,631	1,426	1,460	26.8	26.2	26.0	27.1	24.5	25.4
16 to 17 years	613	476	533	29.8	31.2	30.0	30.3	24.9	27.1
18 to 19 years	1,027	947	933	25.5	23.8	23.3	24.7	24.2	24.5
20 years and over	13,581	13,615	13,025	9.2	9.0	8.9	9.0	9.2	8.8
20 to 24 years	2,310	2,418	2,296	15.7	14.9	14.9	15.3	15.9	15.3
25 years and over	11,245	11,188	10,716	8.5	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.4	8.1
25 to 54 years	9,184	8,983	8,674	8.9	8.6	8.7	8.5	8.7	8.5
25 to 34 years	3,388	3,513	3,418	10.2	9.8	10.0	9.9	10.4	10.1
35 to 44 years	2,956	2,558	2,566	8.8	7.8	8.3	7.9	7.7	7.8
45 to 54 years	2,840	2,912	2,690	7.9	8.2	7.7	7.8	8.1	7.5
55 years and over	2,119	2,184	2,088	7.2	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.2	6.9
Men, 16 years and over	8,925	8,649	8,245	10.9	10.5	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.1
16 to 19 years	941	800	818	30.7	29.5	29.3	29.4	26.6	27.8
16 to 17 years	333	274	284	33.1	32.8	33.3	33.8	28.5	29.0
18 to 19 years	613	523	536	29.7	27.8	26.2	26.8	25.5	27.4
20 years and over	7,983	7,849	7,426	10.2	9.8	9.7	9.7	9.9	9.4
20 to 24 years	1,424	1,440	1,340	18.6	17.3	17.1	16.5	18.1	16.9
25 years and over	6,547	6,417	6,079	9.3	9.1	9.0	8.9	9.0	8.6
25 to 54 years	5,337	5,145	4,926	9.7	9.2	9.3	9.1	9.3	8.9
25 to 34 years	2,011	2,002	1,950	11.1	10.5	10.8	10.4	10.9	10.6
35 to 44 years	1,641	1,417	1,418	9.0	8.2	8.6	8.2	7.9	7.9
45 to 54 years	1,685	1,726	1,558	8.9	9.0	8.6	8.6	9.2	8.3
55 years and over	1,210	1,272	1,152	7.8	8.5	7.9	8.3	8.0	7.2
Women, 16 years and over	6,287	6,392	6,240	8.8	8.6	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.7
16 to 19 years	689	626	641	22.9	22.9	22.8	24.8	22.3	22.8
16 to 17 years	280	202	248	26.6	29.6	26.8	27.0	21.2	25.2
18 to 19 years	414	425	397	21.0	19.7	20.4	22.6	22.8	21.5
20 years and over	5,598	5,766	5,599	8.2	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.1
20 to 24 years	886	978	956	12.5	12.3	12.4	13.9	13.5	13.5
25 years and over	4,698	4,771	4,638	7.6	7.4	7.4	7.5	7.7	7.5
25 to 54 years	3,846	3,838	3,747	8.1	7.8	7.9	7.9	8.1	7.9
25 to 34 years	1,376	1,511	1,468	9.1	9.1	9.0	9.4	9.8	9.5
35 to 44 years	1,315	1,141	1,147	8.5	7.2	8.1	7.5	7.5	7.6
45 to 54 years	1,156	1,186	1,132	6.7	7.2	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.6
55 years and over(1)	800	887	830	5.8	6.9	6.4	5.9	6.2	5.8
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	3,357	3,214	3,047	7.2	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.6
Married women, spouse present	2,184	2,118	2,046	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.6
Women who maintain families(1)	1,258	1,317	1,207	13.0	13.4	12.9	12.4	13.0	12.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	13,370	13,298	12,650	10.8	10.3	10.4	10.5	10.7	10.2
Part-time workers(3)	1,788	1,690	1,764	6.1	6.7	6.1	6.3	5.8	6.0
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	9,822	8,926	8,995	9,688	9,285	9,286	9,070	9,471	8,923
On temporary layoff	1,683	1,172	1,547	1,530	1,505	1,340	1,293	1,430	1,402
Not on temporary layoff	8,140	7,754	7,448	8,158	7,780	7,947	7,777	8,042	7,521
Permanent job losers	6,718	6,183	5,917	6,736	6,411	6,467	6,254	6,425	5,995
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,422	1,571	1,530	1,422	1,368	1,479	1,523	1,617	1,526
Job leavers	860	852	861	916	868	809	854	864	914
Reentrants	3,012	3,348	3,031	3,385	3,418	3,441	3,498	3,427	3,408
New entrants	1,046	1,156	1,110	1,244	1,260	1,193	1,278	1,269	1,311
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	66.6	62.5	64.3	63.6	62.6	63.0	61.7	63.0	61.3
On temporary layoff	11.4	8.2	11.1	10.0	10.1	9.1	8.8	9.5	9.6
Not on temporary layoff	55.2	54.3	53.2	53.6	52.5	54.0	52.9	53.5	51.7
Job leavers	5.8	6.0	6.2	6.0	5.9	5.5	5.8	5.8	6.3
Reentrants	20.4	23.4	21.7	22.2	23.0	23.4	23.8	22.8	23.4
New entrants	7.1	8.1	7.9	8.2	8.5	8.1	8.7	8.4	9.0
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	6.4	5.8	5.9	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.8
Job leavers	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reentrants	2.0	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2
New entrants	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,871	2,639	2,681	2,908	2,756	2,872	2,659	2,824	2,725
5 to 14 weeks	3,335	3,152	3,043	3,483	3,604	3,329	3,427	3,336	3,184
15 weeks and over	8,534	8,491	8,273	8,913	8,471	8,517	8,734	8,843	8,647
15 to 26 weeks	2,638	2,233	2,073	2,781	2,210	2,364	2,500	2,515	2,205
27 weeks and over	5,896	6,258	6,200	6,133	6,261	6,153	6,234	6,328	6,441
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	29.0	34.5	34.0	29.3	33.5	33.4	33.9	33.9	34.2
Median duration, in weeks	20.2	21.7	22.3	20.4	20.6	20.5	21.3	21.7	22.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	19.5	18.5	19.2	19.0	18.6	19.5	17.9	18.8	18.7
5 to 14 weeks	22.6	22.1	21.7	22.8	24.3	22.6	23.1	22.2	21.9
15 weeks and over	57.9	59.5	59.1	58.2	57.1	57.9	58.9	58.9	59.4
15 to 26 weeks	17.9	15.6	14.8	18.2	14.9	16.1	16.9	16.8	15.2
27 weeks and over	40.0	43.8	44.3	40.1	42.2	41.8	42.1	42.2	44.3
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
Total, 16 years and over(1)	137,953	139,159	14,740	13,997	9.7	9.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	52,131	51,704	2,509	2,468	4.6	4.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	20,944	20,393	1,157	1,243	5.2	5.7
Professional and related occupations	31,188	31,310	1,352	1,225	4.2	3.8
Service occupations	24,216	24,717	2,747	2,696	10.2	9.8
Sales and office occupations	33,296	33,407	3,184	3,023	8.7	8.3
Sales and related occupations	15,478	15,521	1,520	1,407	8.9	8.3
Office and administrative support occupations	17,819	17,885	1,664	1,616	8.5	8.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12,617	12,666	2,802	2,407	18.2	16.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	869	925	242	268	21.8	22.5
Construction and extraction occupations	7,106	6,849	2,067	1,785	22.5	20.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,642	4,892	494	354	9.6	6.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	15,692	16,666	2,425	2,245	13.4	11.9
Production occupations	7,420	8,339	1,281	1,109	14.7	11.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,272	8,327	1,144	1,137	12.2	12.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
Total, 16 years and over(1)	14,740	13,997	9.7	9.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	11,997	11,008	10.2	9.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	89	83	11.8	10.8
Construction	2,044	1,749	22.7	20.7
Manufacturing	1,747	1,551	11.9	10.0
Durable goods	1,245	999	13.3	10.4
Nondurable goods	502	551	9.5	9.4
Wholesale and retail trade	1,851	1,698	9.1	8.2
Transportation and utilities	539	428	9.0	7.4
Information	256	244	8.5	8.1
Financial activities	665	568	7.2	6.4
Professional and business services	1,486	1,477	10.3	10.2
Education and health services	1,183	1,139	5.6	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,624	1,580	12.6	12.0
Other services	513	491	8.2	7.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	292	278	19.7	18.1
Government workers	797	950	3.6	4.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers	609	650	5.9	6.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Aug. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.7	5.6
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	6.4	5.8	5.9	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.8
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	9.7	9.3	9.1	9.9	9.6	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	10.2	10.0	9.9	10.5	10.3	10.3	10.4	10.5	10.2
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	11.1	10.8	10.7	11.4	11.0	11.0	11.2	11.2	10.9
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	17.1	16.3	16.6	17.2	16.7	17.1	17.0	17.0	16.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010	Dec. 2009	Dec. 2010
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	84,231	85,733	33,485	34,228	50,747	51,505
Persons who currently want a job	5,939	6,212	2,896	2,936	3,043	3,276
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,486	2,609	1,384	1,326	1,102	1,283
Discouraged workers(2)	929	1,318	594	829	334	489
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,558	1,291	790	497	768	794
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,886	6,884	3,369	3,259	3,517	3,625
Percent of total employed	5.0	4.9	4.7	4.5	5.4	5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,641	3,514	2,010	1,889	1,632	1,624
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,818	1,916	549	596	1,268	1,320
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	202	251	123	156	79	95
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,198	1,164	670	597	528	567
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Change from: Nov. 2010- Dec. 2010(p)
Total nonfarm	130,448	131,600	131,871	131,514	129,588	130,538	130,609	130,712	103
Total private	107,623	108,970	109,124	108,919	107,107	108,261	108,340	108,453	113
Goods-producing	17,871	18,359	18,257	17,989	17,906	18,048	18,043	18,041	-2
Mining and logging	676	769	771	770	676	759	764	768	4
Logging	47.5	49.1	47.9	48.6	46.9	47.1	46.8	47.7	0.9
Mining	628.1	720.2	723.2	721.2	629.4	711.8	716.8	720.0	3.2
Oil and gas extraction	159.7	169.4	169.2	167.8	159.8	169.8	168.7	167.7	-1.0
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	204.0	222.9	222.9	215.6	207.7	218.3	219.6	219.1	-0.5
Coal mining	79.6	84.9	85.2	85.8	79.2	84.8	84.9	85.3	0.4
Support activities for mining	264.4	327.9	331.1	337.8	261.9	323.7	328.5	333.2	4.7
Construction	5,615	5,850	5,762	5,501	5,696	5,621	5,619	5,603	-16
Construction of buildings	1,282.5	1,292.9	1,282.9	1,245.7	1,282.5	1,256.2	1,257.5	1,251.2	-6.3
Residential building	600.5	589.8	582.9	561.3	599.9	569.5	568.8	562.9	-5.9
Nonresidential building	682.0	703.1	700.0	684.4	682.6	686.7	688.7	688.3	-0.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	763.3	894.0	862.9	776.1	797.9	829.2	828.7	816.0	-12.7
Specialty trade contractors	3,568.9	3,662.7	3,615.8	3,478.8	3,615.1	3,535.2	3,532.8	3,536.1	3.3
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,538.6	1,576.3	1,551.2	1,498.6	1,567.2	1,519.1	1,519.9	1,524.0	4.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,030.5	2,086.4	2,064.6	1,980.2	2,047.9	2,016.1	2,012.9	2,012.1	-0.8
Manufacturing	11,580	11,740	11,724	11,718	11,534	11,668	11,660	11,670	10
Durable goods	7,079	7,225	7,230	7,236	7,036	7,186	7,184	7,194	10
Wood products	347.9	345.8	345.8	343.7	348.9	343.8	344.1	344.3	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral products	379.4	391.5	388.3	376.2	383.9	383.3	382.0	379.6	-2.4
Primary metals	353.4	376.3	375.5	376.8	351.8	374.6	374.2	375.1	0.9
Fabricated metal products	1,277.4	1,335.2	1,334.4	1,336.3	1,266.8	1,322.4	1,324.8	1,328.9	4.1
Machinery	982.0	1,008.1	1,010.3	1,010.9	973.2	1,001.2	1,001.6	998.8	-2.8
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,098.5	1,102.1	1,105.9	1,111.8	1,093.3	1,103.2	1,104.0	1,107.6	3.6
Computer and peripheral equipment	159.3	162.3	163.6	165.5	158.3	162.3	162.6	163.3	0.7
Communication equipment	119.3	123.3	123.1	123.6	119.0	123.3	123.1	123.6	0.5
Semiconductors and electronic components	361.9	368.6	369.1	371.8	359.7	368.8	368.9	370.7	1.8
Electronic instruments	409.6	403.1	404.7	405.7	408.9	403.9	404.6	405.4	0.8
Electrical equipment and appliances	362.7	375.4	374.2	375.5	361.8	374.7	373.1	375.8	2.7
Transportation equipment(1)	1,334.1	1,353.3	1,360.0	1,372.2	1,316.6	1,351.0	1,351.6	1,357.1	5.5
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	667.1	688.5	694.6	702.4	652.2	686.2	686.3	689.6	3.3
Furniture and related products	364.8	357.1	354.5	353.0	363.9	356.1	354.1	352.6	-1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	579.1	580.1	581.0	579.8	575.6	575.8	574.7	573.9	-0.8
Nondurable goods	4,501	4,515	4,494	4,482	4,498	4,482	4,476	4,476	0
Food manufacturing	1,459.9	1,472.4	1,459.6	1,459.5	1,455.6	1,449.9	1,448.4	1,450.8	2.4
Beverages and tobacco products	180.8	189.2	185.9	181.1	183.6	184.9	185.4	183.5	-1.9
Textile mills	123.8	123.8	124.2	125.0	124.2	123.6	123.8	124.8	1.0
Textile product mills	123.3	121.4	118.9	117.7	122.1	119.9	117.7	117.7	0.0
Apparel	164.5	164.2	162.3	163.6	166.0	164.4	163.7	165.0	1.3
Leather and allied products	28.4	30.1	29.9	30.6	28.4	29.8	30.0	30.3	0.3
Paper and paper products	398.3	398.5	397.3	397.4	397.6	398.3	396.6	396.8	0.2
Printing and related support activities	504.3	490.6	492.9	488.1	501.0	488.5	488.8	484.8	-4.0
Petroleum and coal products	108.9	117.2	113.5	105.3	112.3	113.9	112.4	110.6	-1.8
Chemicals	792.0	772.8	773.8	775.0	791.2	775.1	773.6	772.7	-0.9
Plastics and rubber products	616.7	635.2	635.5	638.5	616.4	634.1	635.4	639.0	3.6
Private service-providing	89,752	90,611	90,867	90,930	89,201	90,213	90,297	90,412	115
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25,251	24,931	25,275	25,462	24,653	24,849	24,849	24,880	31
Wholesale trade	5,581.9	5,625.9	5,634.2	5,639.9	5,564.0	5,605.0	5,610.2	5,619.0	8.8
Durable goods	2,772.4	2,795.1	2,801.5	2,811.5	2,766.7	2,787.5	2,793.3	2,800.5	7.2
Nondurable goods	1,982.1	1,985.6	1,987.6	1,980.8	1,974.3	1,976.0	1,974.0	1,974.3	0.3
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	827.4	845.2	845.1	847.6	823.0	841.5	842.9	844.2	1.3
Retail trade	14,871.1	14,498.0	14,815.6	14,997.5	14,360.0	14,483.1	14,463.7	14,475.7	12.0
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,611.2	1,655.2	1,653.1	1,654.0	1,624.0	1,649.5	1,656.9	1,664.4	7.5
Automobile dealers	1,007.0	1,030.7	1,031.3	1,034.9	1,014.0	1,027.9	1,033.2	1,038.1	4.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores	464.9	449.6	460.1	470.7	439.0	444.9	443.8	447.6	3.8
Electronics and appliance stores	499.1	494.3	512.3	514.2	477.2	491.7	491.4	490.2	-1.2
Building material and garden supply stores	1,121.5	1,123.2	1,113.2	1,106.0	1,150.0	1,137.1	1,133.8	1,134.5	0.7
Food and beverage stores	2,827.0	2,811.4	2,831.1	2,833.3	2,799.8	2,807.7	2,806.8	2,807.3	0.5
Health and personal care stores	996.2	969.3	978.0	978.6	978.7	971.0	968.4	960.8	-7.6
Gasoline stations	820.8	820.7	817.8	814.5	822.5	818.6	818.9	819.1	0.2
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,495.2	1,416.1	1,496.3	1,557.8	1,360.9	1,415.6	1,412.9	1,419.0	6.1
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	659.5	607.6	630.0	655.8	606.9	602.4	600.2	600.8	0.6
General merchandise stores(1)	3,125.1	2,942.8	3,091.8	3,164.3	2,911.8	2,955.0	2,943.9	2,945.3	1.4
Department stores	1,623.1	1,479.7	1,593.2	1,656.9	1,458.7	1,490.8	1,483.8	1,484.5	0.7
Miscellaneous store retailers	793.6	776.3	784.6	787.7	769.4	768.3	767.0	764.9	-2.1
Nonstore retailers	457.0	431.5	447.3	460.6	419.8	421.3	419.7	421.8	2.1
Transportation and warehousing	4,240.1	4,254.9	4,274.4	4,274.0	4,171.8	4,208.2	4,223.5	4,232.3	8.8
Air transportation	451.6	454.9	453.5	455.6	453.8	454.7	454.9	455.6	0.7
Rail transportation	213.7	222.7	223.8	223.7	213.7	222.4	223.0	223.6	0.6
Water transportation	62.9	65.4	64.5	64.8	63.3	64.9	65.1	65.2	0.1
Truck transportation	1,234.5	1,264.8	1,260.6	1,251.1	1,231.3	1,243.9	1,247.5	1,250.1	2.6
Transit and ground passenger transportation	429.0	453.6	453.1	455.3	414.6	437.1	436.6	439.1	2.5
Pipeline transportation	40.8	39.1	39.1	39.1	40.7	38.9	38.9	39.1	0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	24.4	29.6	24.6	22.4	28.1	28.2	27.7	26.5	-1.2
Support activities for transportation	542.6	549.8	548.4	549.0	538.5	546.2	545.7	545.4	-0.3
Couriers and messengers	596.7	521.0	543.5	555.2	553.6	524.2	533.1	536.4	3.3
Warehousing and storage	643.9	654.0	663.3	657.8	634.2	647.7	651.0	651.3	0.3
Utilities	557.6	552.4	551.0	550.5	557.2	552.8	551.8	552.9	1.1
Information	2,763	2,708	2,728	2,721	2,748	2,713	2,715	2,711	-4
Publishing industries, except Internet	774.5	759.9	763.7	763.0	769.3	759.9	759.8	759.4	-0.4
Motion picture and sound recording industries	344.7	347.0	357.3	353.9	341.7	351.4	353.5	354.9	1.4
Broadcasting, except Internet	296.4	299.1	299.6	298.8	294.3	297.8	297.3	296.7	-0.6
Telecommunications	960.0	916.2	918.9	916.5	956.9	916.3	916.0	911.5	-4.5
Data processing, hosting and related services	250.6	244.3	245.7	246.0	250.2	245.2	245.2	245.4	0.2
Other information services	136.3	141.5	142.9	142.8	135.3	141.9	142.7	142.7	0.0
Financial activities	7,667	7,586	7,577	7,590	7,657	7,585	7,581	7,585	4
Finance and insurance	5,704.2	5,648.0	5,653.2	5,657.9	5,693.7	5,650.8	5,650.2	5,650.8	0.6
Monetary authorities - central bank	21.0	21.3	21.8	21.8	21.1	21.5	21.8	21.9	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,572.7	2,573.2	2,573.9	2,575.8	2,570.9	2,575.4	2,575.0	2,575.1	0.1
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,752.6	1,764.7	1,765.2	1,768.0	1,750.3	1,766.5	1,766.8	1,768.3	1.5
Commercial banking	1,312.3	1,323.1	1,322.7	1,326.0	1,310.8	1,324.4	1,324.8	1,326.9	2.1
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	799.6	796.9	799.0	805.3	795.9	797.3	798.6	803.0	4.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,224.0	2,171.2	2,172.9	2,169.6	2,219.6	2,171.6	2,169.3	2,165.6	-3.7
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles	86.9	85.4	85.6	85.4	86.2	85.0	85.5	85.2	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,962.7	1,938.2	1,923.4	1,932.1	1,963.3	1,934.2	1,930.9	1,934.5	3.6
Real estate	1,408.6	1,383.1	1,377.6	1,387.5	1,403.5	1,379.8	1,378.8	1,384.7	5.9
Rental and leasing services	528.3	530.8	521.7	520.2	534.2	530.0	527.9	525.6	-2.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	25.8	24.3	24.1	24.4	25.6	24.4	24.2	24.2	0.0
Professional and business services	16,569	16,995	17,020	16,951	16,488	16,798	16,847	16,854	7
Professional and technical services(1)	7,471.5	7,404.9	7,436.4	7,475.6	7,431.5	7,428.0	7,436.0	7,437.4	1.4
Legal services	1,107.5	1,107.9	1,107.2	1,111.6	1,104.5	1,107.6	1,106.7	1,105.7	-1.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	925.4	813.0	824.7	859.3	915.8	875.3	873.2	862.5	-10.7
Architectural and engineering services	1,291.9	1,285.0	1,284.4	1,277.3	1,291.7	1,275.4	1,276.1	1,274.8	-1.3
Computer systems design and related services	1,435.4	1,481.8	1,486.8	1,488.9	1,428.3	1,473.6	1,475.7	1,481.0	5.3
Management and technical consulting services	1,005.1	1,005.8	1,013.8	1,018.4	993.3	996.2	1,000.8	1,003.7	2.9
Management of companies and enterprises	1,828.4	1,835.3	1,835.1	1,841.2	1,819.8	1,834.9	1,835.1	1,836.4	1.3
Administrative and waste services	7,269.4	7,754.9	7,748.1	7,634.3	7,236.4	7,535.5	7,575.5	7,580.1	4.6
Administrative and support services(1)	6,922.8	7,395.9	7,390.8	7,280.8	6,888.7	7,179.8	7,220.2	7,224.9	4.7
Employment services(1)	2,659.7	2,985.1	3,013.6	3,002.9	2,575.0	2,844.9	2,880.4	2,888.7	8.3
Temporary help services	1,981.8	2,293.1	2,313.4	2,304.7	1,911.0	2,172.4	2,203.5	2,219.4	15.9
Business support services	826.7	807.9	820.2	826.4	805.3	800.8	803.1	805.3	2.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,654.2	1,783.2	1,739.7	1,645.8	1,725.9	1,730.7	1,725.6	1,723.7	-1.9
Waste management and remediation services	346.6	359.0	357.3	353.5	347.7	355.7	355.3	355.2	-0.1
Education and health services	19,520	19,853	19,956	19,941	19,350	19,691	19,728	19,772	44
Educational services	3,226.3	3,315.7	3,360.3	3,310.0	3,107.3	3,170.4	3,180.9	3,187.4	6.5
Health care and social assistance	16,294.1	16,537.1	16,595.8	16,631.4	16,242.5	16,520.6	16,547.2	16,584.3	37.1
Health care(3)	13,675.3	13,859.3	13,898.0	13,937.5	13,640.6	13,852.9	13,870.7	13,906.4	35.7
Ambulatory health care services(1)	5,866.4	5,986.3	6,001.9	6,027.3	5,847.2	5,980.5	5,986.8	6,007.4	20.6
Offices of physicians	2,318.5	2,333.3	2,338.9	2,348.4	2,306.5	2,330.7	2,331.9	2,335.2	3.3
Outpatient care centers	547.4	559.6	561.0	568.8	546.2	559.6	559.8	566.3	6.5
Home health care services	1,053.2	1,085.1	1,092.4	1,095.3	1,051.0	1,083.6	1,087.5	1,091.8	4.3
Hospitals	4,701.2	4,729.0	4,742.4	4,750.1	4,694.4	4,728.8	4,736.5	4,744.5	8.0
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,107.7	3,144.0	3,153.7	3,160.1	3,099.0	3,143.6	3,147.4	3,154.5	7.1
Nursing care facilities	1,653.2	1,664.0	1,670.9	1,672.0	1,648.2	1,663.6	1,665.6	1,667.5	1.9
Social assistance(1)	2,618.8	2,677.8	2,697.8	2,693.9	2,601.9	2,667.7	2,676.5	2,677.9	1.4
Child day care services	872.5	881.1	888.0	882.8	858.9	870.1	871.2	869.4	-1.8
Leisure and hospitality	12,691	13,128	12,930	12,911	12,991	13,172	13,184	13,231	47
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,739.0	1,855.8	1,750.9	1,762.6	1,886.5	1,898.6	1,898.3	1,916.5	18.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	376.2	410.8	400.7	401.0	391.8	407.9	415.8	417.7	1.9
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks	121.9	127.8	123.4	120.6	129.0	127.6	127.9	128.1	0.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,240.9	1,317.2	1,226.8	1,241.0	1,365.7	1,363.1	1,354.6	1,370.7	16.1
Accommodation and food services	10,951.5	11,272.0	11,179.0	11,148.1	11,104.5	11,272.9	11,285.5	11,314.6	29.1
Accommodation	1,683.4	1,744.1	1,702.3	1,695.7	1,733.1	1,754.1	1,750.2	1,754.8	4.6
Food services and drinking places	9,268.1	9,527.9	9,476.7	9,452.4	9,371.4	9,518.8	9,535.3	9,559.8	24.5
Other services	5,291	5,410	5,381	5,354	5,314	5,405	5,393	5,379	-14
Repair and maintenance	1,131.8	1,158.8	1,150.1	1,144.4	1,139.8	1,157.4	1,153.7	1,150.9	-2.8
Personal and laundry services	1,268.1	1,278.8	1,272.4	1,276.7	1,269.6	1,281.9	1,276.6	1,280.8	4.2
Membership associations and organizations	2,890.9	2,972.5	2,958.6	2,932.6	2,904.4	2,965.4	2,962.8	2,947.7	-15.1
Government	22,825	22,630	22,747	22,595	22,481	22,277	22,269	22,259	-10
Federal	2,816.0	2,840.0	2,834.0	2,840.0	2,824.0	2,838.0	2,842.0	2,852.0	10.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,148.8	2,189.7	2,190.7	2,194.5	2,160.1	2,190.8	2,198.4	2,208.7	10.3
U.S. Postal Service	667.5	650.4	642.8	645.5	663.7	646.9	643.6	643.6	0.0
State government	5,281.0	5,331.0	5,360.0	5,295.0	5,178.0	5,182.0	5,184.0	5,184.0	0.0
State government education	2,502.3	2,585.3	2,616.5	2,553.9	2,383.7	2,427.1	2,429.3	2,430.9	1.6
State government, excluding education	2,778.9	2,746.1	2,743.5	2,740.6	2,794.5	2,754.4	2,754.8	2,753.4	-1.4
Local government	14,728.0	14,459.0	14,553.0	14,460.0	14,479.0	14,257.0	14,243.0	14,223.0	-20.0
Local government education	8,363.1	8,154.0	8,257.4	8,218.7	8,040.0	7,914.5	7,906.9	7,899.7	-7.2
Local government, excluding education	6,364.7	6,304.9	6,295.1	6,241.1	6,438.9	6,342.2	6,335.9	6,323.6	-12.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	34.3	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	38.8	39.7	39.7	39.7
Mining and logging	42.1	43.3	43.1	43.5
Construction	36.9	38.0	38.0	38.2
Manufacturing	39.6	40.3	40.3	40.2
Durable goods	39.7	40.5	40.6	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.3	40.0	39.8	39.8
Private service-providing	32.8	33.2	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.0	34.4	34.3	34.6
Wholesale trade	37.6	38.5	38.4	38.4
Retail trade	31.2	31.3	31.2	31.6
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.7	38.7	38.8
Utilities	40.5	42.0	41.7	41.4
Information	36.5	36.9	36.8	36.7
Financial activities	36.7	37.1	37.2	37.1
Professional and business services	35.1	35.7	35.7	35.8
Education and health services	32.7	33.0	33.0	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	25.6	25.8	25.8	25.7
Other services	31.3	31.9	31.8	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.1
Durable goods	2.5	2.9	3.1	3.0
Nondurable goods	2.9	3.3	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
Total private	$22.38	$22.74	$22.75	$22.78	$756.44	$779.98	$780.33	$781.35
Goods-producing	23.84	24.16	24.15	24.18	924.99	959.15	958.76	959.95
Mining and logging	26.97	27.73	27.65	27.62	1,135.44	1,200.71	1,191.72	1,201.47
Construction	25.03	25.30	25.36	25.40	923.61	961.40	963.68	970.28
Manufacturing	23.10	23.40	23.36	23.37	914.76	943.02	941.41	939.47
Durable goods	24.65	24.86	24.84	24.85	978.61	1,006.83	1,008.50	1,006.43
Nondurable goods	20.65	21.03	20.93	20.96	811.55	841.20	833.01	834.21
Private service-providing	22.03	22.39	22.42	22.45	722.58	743.35	744.34	745.34
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.53	19.87	19.89	19.86	664.02	683.53	682.23	687.16
Wholesale trade	25.91	26.33	26.34	26.31	974.22	1,013.71	1,011.46	1,010.30
Retail trade	15.47	15.64	15.66	15.63	482.66	489.53	488.59	493.91
Transportation and warehousing	20.69	21.20	21.22	21.30	784.15	820.44	821.21	826.44
Utilities	32.93	33.24	33.00	33.23	1,333.67	1,396.08	1,376.10	1,375.72
Information	30.03	31.14	31.22	31.26	1,096.10	1,149.07	1,148.90	1,147.24
Financial activities	26.83	27.30	27.33	27.42	984.66	1,012.83	1,016.68	1,017.28
Professional and business services	27.09	27.43	27.46	27.47	950.86	979.25	980.32	983.43
Education and health services	22.55	23.07	23.07	23.17	737.39	761.31	761.31	762.29
Leisure and hospitality	13.10	13.11	13.10	13.14	335.36	338.24	337.98	337.70
Other services	20.04	20.05	20.16	20.18	627.25	639.60	641.09	641.72
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2010- Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2010 - Dec. 2010(p)
Total private	90.7	93.1	93.1	93.2	0.1	96.8	100.9	101.0	101.3	0.3
Goods-producing	79.2	81.6	81.6	81.6	0.0	85.3	89.1	89.1	89.2	0.1
Mining and logging	89.4	103.3	103.5	105.0	1.4	96.8	115.0	114.9	116.4	1.3
Construction	72.4	73.6	73.6	73.8	0.3	78.8	80.9	81.1	81.4	0.4
Manufacturing	82.2	84.6	84.5	84.4	-0.1	88.3	92.1	91.8	91.7	-0.1
Durable goods	78.6	81.9	82.1	82.0	-0.1	86.1	90.5	90.6	90.5	-0.1
Nondurable goods	88.2	89.5	88.9	88.9	0.0	92.4	95.5	94.4	94.6	0.2
Private service-providing	94.0	96.2	96.3	96.4	0.1	100.3	104.3	104.6	104.9	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	91.1	92.9	92.6	93.6	1.1	95.8	99.4	99.2	100.0	0.8
Wholesale trade	91.3	94.2	94.0	94.1	0.1	98.7	103.5	103.3	103.4	0.1
Retail trade	91.0	92.1	91.6	92.9	1.4	93.1	95.2	94.9	96.0	1.2
Transportation and warehousing	90.5	93.2	93.5	94.0	0.5	95.0	100.3	100.7	101.6	0.9
Utilities	97.6	100.4	99.5	99.0	-0.5	106.2	110.3	108.5	108.7	0.2
Information	91.6	91.4	91.2	90.9	-0.3	97.9	101.4	101.4	101.1	-0.3
Financial activities	92.6	92.7	92.9	92.7	-0.2	97.0	98.8	99.1	99.2	0.1
Professional and business services	91.0	94.3	94.6	94.9	0.3	99.9	104.8	105.2	105.6	0.4
Education and health services	103.0	105.8	106.0	105.9	-0.1	108.8	114.3	114.5	114.9	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	94.9	97.0	97.1	97.0	-0.1	100.3	102.6	102.6	102.9	0.3
Other services	92.2	95.5	95.0	94.8	-0.2	104.8	108.7	108.7	108.5	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
Total nonfarm	64,666	64,751	64,746	64,810	49.9	49.6	49.6	49.6
Total private	51,842	52,091	52,105	52,182	48.4	48.1	48.1	48.1
Goods-producing	4,150	4,114	4,111	4,116	23.2	22.8	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	98	103	104	106	14.5	13.6	13.6	13.8
Construction	759	726	725	729	13.3	12.9	12.9	13.0
Manufacturing	3,293	3,285	3,282	3,281	28.6	28.2	28.1	28.1
Durable goods	1,739	1,735	1,735	1,737	24.7	24.1	24.2	24.1
Nondurable goods	1,554	1,550	1,547	1,544	34.5	34.6	34.6	34.5
Private service-providing	47,692	47,977	47,994	48,066	53.5	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,062	10,041	10,015	10,014	40.8	40.4	40.3	40.2
Wholesale trade	1,684.8	1,686.5	1,687.4	1,688.0	30.3	30.1	30.1	30.0
Retail trade	7,232.6	7,222.5	7,198.8	7,197.3	50.4	49.9	49.8	49.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,006.1	1,000.5	997.1	997.7	24.1	23.8	23.6	23.6
Utilities	138.3	131.8	131.2	130.8	24.8	23.8	23.8	23.7
Information	1,133	1,102	1,108	1,101	41.2	40.6	40.8	40.6
Financial activities	4,533	4,452	4,445	4,446	59.2	58.7	58.6	58.6
Professional and business services	7,389	7,471	7,493	7,515	44.8	44.5	44.5	44.6
Education and health services	14,956	15,184	15,209	15,240	77.3	77.1	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	6,823	6,884	6,885	6,914	52.5	52.3	52.2	52.3
Other services	2,796	2,843	2,839	2,836	52.6	52.6	52.6	52.7
Government	12,824	12,660	12,641	12,628	57.0	56.8	56.8	56.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[In thousands]

Industry	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
Total private	88,239	89,210	89,281	89,387
Goods-producing	12,886	12,995	12,989	12,982
Mining and logging	490	568	571	577
Construction	4,307	4,257	4,261	4,240
Manufacturing	8,089	8,170	8,157	8,165
Durable goods	4,801	4,914	4,913	4,917
Nondurable goods	3,288	3,256	3,244	3,248
Private service-providing	75,353	76,215	76,292	76,405
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20,876	21,014	21,010	21,053
Wholesale trade	4,470.8	4,483.6	4,485.7	4,490.8
Retail trade	12,329.1	12,463.1	12,448.6	12,472.9
Transportation and warehousing	3,630.7	3,629.1	3,639.5	3,651.2
Utilities	445.0	438.2	436.5	437.8
Information	2,192	2,180	2,181	2,181
Financial activities	5,937	5,829	5,821	5,824
Professional and business services	13,463	13,777	13,834	13,831
Education and health services	16,971	17,270	17,308	17,350
Leisure and hospitality	11,464	11,621	11,623	11,660
Other services	4,450	4,524	4,515	4,506
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.2	33.6	33.5	33.6
Goods-producing	39.6	40.6	40.5	40.5
Mining and logging	43.4	44.5	44.6	44.6
Construction	37.5	38.8	38.6	38.7
Manufacturing	40.5	41.2	41.2	41.2
Durable goods	40.6	41.4	41.5	41.4
Nondurable goods	40.4	40.9	40.8	40.9
Private service-providing	32.1	32.4	32.3	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	32.9	33.5	33.5	33.7
Wholesale trade	37.6	38.2	38.2	38.3
Retail trade	30.0	30.3	30.2	30.5
Transportation and warehousing	36.2	37.6	37.8	37.7
Utilities	41.4	42.9	42.7	42.2
Information	36.5	36.4	36.4	36.3
Financial activities	35.9	36.3	36.1	36.2
Professional and business services	34.8	35.3	35.2	35.5
Education and health services	32.3	32.3	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.9	24.9	24.7
Other services	30.5	30.9	30.8	30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.4	3.9	4.0	4.0
Durable goods	3.3	3.9	4.0	4.1
Nondurable goods	3.6	4.0	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)
Total private	$18.85	$19.18	$19.19	$19.21	$625.82	$644.45	$642.87	$645.46
Goods-producing	20.04	20.40	20.43	20.44	793.58	828.24	827.42	827.82
Mining and logging	23.47	23.85	23.96	23.96	1,018.60	1,061.33	1,068.62	1,068.62
Construction	22.95	23.42	23.50	23.55	860.63	908.70	907.10	911.39
Manufacturing	18.38	18.66	18.66	18.66	744.39	768.79	768.79	768.79
Durable goods	19.57	19.83	19.86	19.87	794.54	820.96	824.19	822.62
Nondurable goods	16.64	16.86	16.81	16.80	672.26	689.57	685.85	687.12
Private service-providing	18.60	18.93	18.92	18.95	597.06	613.33	611.12	613.98
Trade, transportation, and utilities	16.73	17.03	17.01	17.00	550.42	570.51	569.84	572.90
Wholesale trade	21.35	21.84	21.72	21.75	802.76	834.29	829.70	833.03
Retail trade	13.16	13.37	13.39	13.38	394.80	405.11	404.38	408.09
Transportation and warehousing	19.00	19.23	19.16	19.25	687.80	723.05	724.25	725.73
Utilities	29.91	30.76	30.78	30.68	1,238.27	1,319.60	1,314.31	1,294.70
Information	25.64	26.20	26.18	26.22	935.86	953.68	952.95	951.79
Financial activities	21.11	21.61	21.66	21.67	757.85	784.44	781.93	784.45
Professional and business services	22.58	22.98	22.98	22.99	785.78	811.19	808.90	816.15
Education and health services	19.76	20.19	20.17	20.24	638.25	652.14	649.47	651.73
Leisure and hospitality	11.27	11.30	11.31	11.34	279.50	281.37	281.62	280.10
Other services	16.85	16.91	16.95	16.98	513.93	522.52	522.06	522.98
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2010 - Dec. 2010(p)	Dec. 2009	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010(p)	Dec. 2010(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2010 - Dec. 2010(p)
Total private	97.9	100.1	99.9	100.3	0.4	123.3	128.3	128.1	128.8	0.5
Goods-producing	78.0	80.6	80.4	80.3	-0.1	95.7	100.7	100.6	100.6	0.0
Mining and logging	113.0	134.3	135.3	136.8	1.1	154.3	186.3	188.6	190.6	1.1
Construction	80.9	82.7	82.4	82.2	-0.2	100.2	104.6	104.5	104.5	0.0
Manufacturing	75.2	77.3	77.1	77.2	0.1	90.4	94.3	94.1	94.2	0.1
Durable goods	73.2	76.4	76.6	76.5	-0.1	89.5	94.6	95.0	94.9	-0.1
Nondurable goods	78.3	78.5	78.0	78.3	0.4	92.0	93.5	92.6	92.9	0.3
Private service-providing	103.4	105.6	105.4	105.9	0.5	131.9	137.0	136.7	137.5	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	95.7	98.1	98.1	98.9	0.8	114.3	119.2	119.1	119.9	0.7
Wholesale trade	99.0	100.9	100.9	101.3	0.4	124.5	129.8	129.1	129.8	0.5
Retail trade	93.6	95.6	95.2	96.3	1.2	105.6	109.5	109.2	110.4	1.1
Transportation and warehousing	98.9	102.7	103.6	103.6	0.0	119.2	125.3	125.9	126.5	0.5
Utilities	94.2	96.2	95.3	94.5	-0.8	117.6	123.5	122.5	121.0	-1.2
Information	91.3	90.6	90.6	90.4	-0.2	115.9	117.5	117.5	117.3	-0.2
Financial activities	102.0	101.3	100.6	100.9	0.3	133.1	135.3	134.7	135.2	0.4
Professional and business services	105.0	109.0	109.1	110.0	0.8	141.1	149.0	149.2	150.5	0.9
Education and health services	118.2	120.3	120.2	120.5	0.2	153.6	159.7	159.4	160.4	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	104.2	106.1	106.1	105.6	-0.5	133.4	136.1	136.2	135.9	-0.2
Other services	95.2	98.1	97.6	97.4	-0.2	116.9	120.8	120.5	120.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary