Transmission of material in this release is embargoed USDL-09-1583
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 8, 2010
Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 * cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
NOTE: This version of the release was reissued to replace the
incorrect table A-13 which had May 2007 and May 2008 data instead
of December 2008 and December 2009 data. The PDF version of the
release was not affected. This correction did not affect any
analysis in the release.
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2009
Nonfarm payroll employment edged down (-85,000) in December, and the unem-
ployment rate was unchanged at 10.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statis-
tics reported today. Employment fell in construction, manufacturing, and
wholesale trade, while temporary help services and health care added jobs.
Household Survey Data
In December, both the number of unemployed persons, at 15.3 million, and the
unemployment rate, at 10.0 percent, were unchanged. At the start of the re-
cession in December 2007, the number of unemployed persons was 7.7 million,
and the unemployment rate was 5.0 percent. (See table A-1.)
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| |
| Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data |
| |
|Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using up- |
|dated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each|
|calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2005 were|
|subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2009 through |
|November 2009 (as originally published and as revised) appear in |
|table B, along with additional information about the revisions. |
| |
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Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (10.2 percent),
adult women (8.2 percent), teenagers (27.1 percent), whites (9.0 percent),
blacks (16.2 percent), and Hispanics (12.9 percent)--showed little change in
December. The unemployment rate for Asians was 8.4 percent, not seasonally
adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27
weeks and over) continued to trend up, reaching 6.1 million. In December, 4 in
10 unemployed workers were jobless for 27 weeks or longer. (See table A-9.)
The civilian labor force participation rate fell to 64.6 percent in December.
The employment-population ratio declined to 58.2 percent. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes re-
ferred to as involuntary part-time workers) was about unchanged at 9.2 million
in December and has been relatively flat since March. These individuals were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-5.)
About 2.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in
December, an increase of 578,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not sea-
sonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-13.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 929,000 discouraged workers in
December, up from 642,000 a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally ad-
justed.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work be-
cause they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 million
persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in
the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or
family responsibilities.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged down in December (-85,000). Job losses
continued in construction, manufacturing, and wholesale trade, while temporary
help services and health care continued to add jobs. During 2009, monthly job
losses moderated substantially. Employment losses in the first quarter of 2009
averaged 691,000 per month, compared with an average loss of 69,000 per month
in the fourth quarter. (See table B-1.)
Construction employment declined by 53,000 in December, with job losses
throughout the industry. Employment in construction has fallen by 1.6 mil-
lion since the recession began.
In December, employment in manufacturing decreased by 27,000. The average
monthly decline for the last 6 months of 2009 (-41,000) was much lower than
the average monthly decline for the first half of the year (-171,000). Since
the recession began, manufacturing employment has fallen by 2.1 million; three-
fourths of this drop occurred in the durable goods component (-1.6 million).
Wholesale trade employment declined by 18,000 in December, with the majority of
the decline occurring among durable goods wholesalers. Employment in retail
trade was little changed over the month, although general merchandise stores
lost 15,000 jobs.
Temporary help services added 47,000 jobs in December. Since reaching a low
point in July, temporary help services employment has risen by 166,000.
Health care employment continued to increase in December (22,000), with notable
gains in offices of physicians (9,000) and home health care services (8,000).
The health care industry has added 631,000 jobs since the recession began.
In December, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.2 hours. The manufacturing work-
week, at 40.4 hours, and factory overtime, at 3.4 hours, were unchanged over
the month. Since May, the manufacturing workweek has increased by 1.0 hour.
(See table B-2.)
In December, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $18.80. Over
the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.2 percent, while
average weekly earnings have risen by 1.9 percent. (See table B-3.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from
-111,000 to -127,000, and the change for November was revised from -11,000 to
+4,000.
_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday,
February 5, 2010, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
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| |
| Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release |
| |
|Effective with the release of January 2010 data on February 5, 2010, |
|the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics will introduce several changes to |
|The Employment Situation news release text and tables. Two new sum- |
|mary tables--one for the household survey and one for the establish- |
|ment survey--will replace the current table A. In addition, three new |
|household data tables will provide information on the employment sta- |
|tus of veterans, persons with a disability, and the foreign born. Al- |
|so, the establishment data tables have been largely redesigned to in- |
|clude information on all employee hours and earnings, women employees,|
|and production and nonsupervisory employees. The ordering and format |
|of some tables also will change. Additional information is available |
|at www.bls.gov/bls/upcoming_empsit_changes.htm. |
| |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data |
| |
|With the release of January 2010 data on February 5, 2010, the Current|
|Employment Statistics survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm pay- |
|roll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual bench-|
|mark adjustments for March 2009 and updated seasonal adjustment fac- |
|tors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2008 and sea- |
|sonally adjusted data beginning with January 2005 are subject to revi-|
|sion. |
| |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Revisions in the Household Survey Data |
| |
|Effective with the release of data for January 2010, revisions will |
|be introduced into the population controls for the household survey. |
|These changes reflect the routine annual updating of intercensal popu-|
|lation estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. |
| |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| Quarterly | |
| averages | Monthly data | Nov.-
Category |_________________|__________________________| Dec.
| | | | | | change
| III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. |
| 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 |
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Civilian labor force ....| 154,235| 153,544| 153,854| 153,720| 153,059| -661
Employment ............| 139,339| 138,138| 138,242| 138,381| 137,792| -589
Unemployment ..........| 14,895| 15,406| 15,612| 15,340| 15,267| -73
Not in labor force ......| 81,858| 83,195| 82,696| 83,022| 83,865| 843
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Unemployment rates
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
All workers .............| 9.7| 10.0| 10.1| 10.0| 10.0| 0.0
Adult men .............| 10.1| 10.4| 10.6| 10.4| 10.2| -.2
Adult women ...........| 7.7| 8.1| 8.1| 8.0| 8.2| .2
Teenagers .............| 25.4| 27.2| 27.6| 26.8| 27.1| .3
White .................| 8.9| 9.2| 9.4| 9.3| 9.0| -.3
Black or African | | | | | |
American ............| 15.1| 15.8| 15.7| 15.6| 16.2| .6
Hispanic or Latino | | | | | |
ethnicity ...........| 12.7| 12.9| 13.1| 12.7| 12.9| .2
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Nonfarm employment.......| 131,262|p130,965| 130,991|p130,995|p130,910| p-85
Goods-producing (1)....| 18,595| p18,313| 18,379| p18,321| p18,240| p-81
Construction ........| 6,100| p5,951| 5,987| p5,960| p5,907| p-53
Manufacturing .......| 11,786| p11,660| 11,692| p11,657| p11,630| p-27
Service-providing (1)..| 112,667|p112,652| 112,612|p112,674|p112,670| p-4
Retail trade (2)...| 14,720| p14,634| 14,647| p14,633| p14,623| p-10
Professional and | | | | | |
business services .| 16,628| p16,751| 16,675| p16,764| p16,814| p50
Education and health | | | | | |
services ..........| 19,307| p19,420| 19,384| p19,421| p19,456| p35
Leisure and | | | | | |
hospitality .......| 13,172| p13,117| 13,134| p13,121| p13,096| p-25
Government ..........| 22,470| p22,480| 22,484| p22,488| p22,467| p-21
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Hours of work (3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 33.1| p33.1| 33.0| p33.2| p33.2| p0.0
Manufacturing .........| 39.9| p40.3| 40.1| p40.4| p40.4| p.0
Overtime ............| 3.0| p3.3| 3.2| p3.4| p3.4| p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)
|_____________________________________________________
| | | | | |
Total private ...........| 99.0| p98.9| 98.5| p99.1| p99.1| p0.0
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
| Earnings (3)
|_____________________________________________________
Average hourly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| $18.64| p$18.77| $18.74| p$18.77| p$18.80| p$0.03
Average weekly earnings, | | | | | |
total private .........| 617.10| p621.91| 618.42| p623.16| p624.16| p1.00
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using
unrounded data.
3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note below.
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this pro-
cess, seasonally adjusted data for January 2005 through November 2009
were subject to revision.
Table B shows the unemployment rates for January 2009 through November
2009, as first published and as revised. The rates were unchanged in 7
of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in
the remaining 4 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other
major labor force series beginning in December 2008 appear in table C.
An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the
household survey data and revised data for January 2009 through
November 2009 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2010.pdf.
Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables
of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm.
Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
for additional series are available on the Internet at
ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/.
Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to
revision, January-November 2009
Year and month As first As Change
published revised
2009
January ............... 7.6 7.7 0.1
February .............. 8.1 8.2 .1
March ................. 8.5 8.6 .1
April ................. 8.9 8.9 .0
May ................... 9.4 9.4 .0
June .................. 9.5 9.5 .0
July .................. 9.4 9.4 .0
August ................ 9.7 9.7 .0
September ............. 9.8 9.8 .0
October ............... 10.2 10.1 -.1
November .............. 10.0 10.0 .0
Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2008 2009
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population (1) 235,035 234,739 234,913 235,086 235,271 235,452 235,655 235,870 236,087 236,322 236,550 236,743 236,924
Civilian labor force.................. 154,587 154,140 154,401 154,164 154,718 154,956 154,759 154,351 154,426 153,927 153,854 153,720 153,059
Participation rate.............. 65.8 65.7 65.7 65.6 65.8 65.8 65.7 65.4 65.4 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6
Employed............................ 143,188 142,221 141,687 140,854 140,902 140,438 140,038 139,817 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792
Employment-population ratio..... 60.9 60.6 60.3 59.9 59.9 59.6 59.4 59.3 59.1 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.2
Unemployed.......................... 11,400 11,919 12,714 13,310 13,816 14,518 14,721 14,534 14,993 15,159 15,612 15,340 15,267
Unemployment rate............... 7.4 7.7 8.2 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population (1) 105,083 104,902 104,999 105,095 105,196 105,299 105,412 105,530 105,651 105,780 105,906 106,018 106,125
Civilian labor force.................. 79,108 78,769 78,859 78,680 79,106 79,339 79,246 78,984 79,196 78,977 79,024 78,901 78,402
Participation rate.............. 75.3 75.1 75.1 74.9 75.2 75.3 75.2 74.8 75.0 74.7 74.6 74.4 73.9
Employed............................ 73,237 72,625 72,266 71,667 71,665 71,552 71,354 71,255 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391
Employment-population ratio..... 69.7 69.2 68.8 68.2 68.1 68.0 67.7 67.5 67.3 67.0 66.7 66.7 66.3
Unemployed.......................... 5,871 6,144 6,593 7,013 7,441 7,787 7,892 7,728 8,055 8,116 8,362 8,239 8,011
Unemployment rate............... 7.4 7.8 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.0 9.8 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population (1) 112,825 112,738 112,824 112,908 112,999 113,089 113,189 113,296 113,405 113,522 113,636 113,737 113,832
Civilian labor force.................. 68,904 68,793 68,914 68,972 69,105 69,060 68,984 68,910 68,847 68,686 68,687 68,742 68,620
Participation rate.............. 61.1 61.0 61.1 61.1 61.2 61.1 60.9 60.8 60.7 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.3
Employed............................ 64,744 64,391 64,238 64,110 64,147 63,847 63,741 63,685 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998
Employment-population ratio..... 57.4 57.1 56.9 56.8 56.8 56.5 56.3 56.2 56.0 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.3
Unemployed.......................... 4,160 4,402 4,676 4,863 4,957 5,213 5,243 5,225 5,295 5,406 5,554 5,473 5,622
Unemployment rate............... 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population (1) 17,126 17,098 17,090 17,083 17,076 17,064 17,053 17,044 17,031 17,020 17,008 16,988 16,967
Civilian labor force.................. 6,575 6,578 6,628 6,512 6,507 6,557 6,529 6,457 6,383 6,264 6,143 6,077 6,037
Participation rate.............. 38.4 38.5 38.8 38.1 38.1 38.4 38.3 37.9 37.5 36.8 36.1 35.8 35.6
Employed............................ 5,207 5,205 5,183 5,077 5,089 5,039 4,943 4,877 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403
Employment-population ratio..... 30.4 30.4 30.3 29.7 29.8 29.5 29.0 28.6 27.8 27.2 26.1 26.2 25.9
Unemployed.......................... 1,368 1,373 1,445 1,435 1,418 1,518 1,586 1,581 1,643 1,637 1,696 1,627 1,634
Unemployment rate............... 20.8 20.9 21.8 22.0 21.8 23.2 24.3 24.5 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The
establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on
the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because
of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of
107,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while
the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household sur-
vey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive
scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how
many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include ques-
tions about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data
from these questions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.6 per-
cent of the labor force in 2008.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at
the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment
survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately suc-
ceeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents
in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more informa-
tion on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revi-
sion that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available
from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for
sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the
annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net
jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of
the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sam-
pling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new
businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a
new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection.
BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of house-
holds. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available
to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are in-
cluded even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or ques-
tion relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as
unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa-
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the
A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house-
holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the
B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample
includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap-
proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes
about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn
from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish-
ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th,
which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro-
fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force.
The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent
of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of
the North American Industry Classification System.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method-
ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result
in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur-
veys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in-
dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef-
fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua-
tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes
in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad-
justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen
or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted
to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made
correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana-
lyze changes in economic act
Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the
household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super-
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in-
dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di-
rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated
each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the
current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to
adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however,
new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent
monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made
once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en-
tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand-
ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc-
curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19
percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti-
mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for
quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im-
prove the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent
2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth,
an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business
births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative
estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi-
ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation.
The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de-
rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and
reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five
years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute
benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent,
with a range from 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Ser-
vice: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 235,035 236,743 236,924 235,035 236,087 236,322 236,550 236,743 236,924
Civilian labor force....................... 154,349 153,539 152,693 154,587 154,426 153,927 153,854 153,720 153,059
Participation rate................... 65.7 64.9 64.4 65.8 65.4 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6
Employed................................. 143,350 139,132 137,953 143,188 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792
Employment-population ratio.......... 61.0 58.8 58.2 60.9 59.1 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.2
Unemployed............................... 10,999 14,407 14,740 11,400 14,993 15,159 15,612 15,340 15,267
Unemployment rate.................... 7.1 9.4 9.7 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0
Not in labor force......................... 80,686 83,204 84,231 80,448 81,661 82,396 82,696 83,022 83,865
Persons who currently want a job......... 5,180 5,618 5,939 5,511 5,609 5,960 6,031 6,043 6,306
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 113,769 114,632 114,728 113,769 114,288 114,411 114,530 114,632 114,728
Civilian labor force....................... 82,226 81,612 81,243 82,462 82,466 82,197 82,184 81,964 81,454
Participation rate................... 72.3 71.2 70.8 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.8 71.5 71.0
Employed................................. 75,548 73,107 72,258 75,812 73,436 73,120 72,844 72,794 72,499
Employment-population ratio.......... 66.4 63.8 63.0 66.6 64.3 63.9 63.6 63.5 63.2
Unemployed............................... 6,678 8,505 8,985 6,650 9,031 9,077 9,340 9,171 8,955
Unemployment rate.................... 8.1 10.4 11.1 8.1 11.0 11.0 11.4 11.2 11.0
Not in labor force......................... 31,543 33,019 33,485 31,308 31,821 32,214 32,346 32,667 33,274
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 105,083 106,018 106,125 105,083 105,651 105,780 105,906 106,018 106,125
Civilian labor force....................... 79,071 78,723 78,392 79,108 79,196 78,977 79,024 78,901 78,402
Participation rate................... 75.2 74.3 73.9 75.3 75.0 74.7 74.6 74.4 73.9
Employed................................. 73,088 71,112 70,251 73,237 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391
Employment-population ratio.......... 69.6 67.1 66.2 69.7 67.3 67.0 66.7 66.7 66.3
Unemployed............................... 5,984 7,611 8,141 5,871 8,055 8,116 8,362 8,239 8,011
Unemployment rate.................... 7.6 9.7 10.4 7.4 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2
Not in labor force......................... 26,012 27,295 27,733 25,975 26,455 26,803 26,882 27,117 27,723
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 121,266 122,111 122,197 121,266 121,799 121,911 122,020 122,111 122,197
Civilian labor force....................... 72,122 71,927 71,450 72,126 71,960 71,729 71,669 71,756 71,605
Participation rate................... 59.5 58.9 58.5 59.5 59.1 58.8 58.7 58.8 58.6
Employed................................. 67,802 66,024 65,694 67,376 65,997 65,648 65,398 65,587 65,293
Employment-population ratio.......... 55.9 54.1 53.8 55.6 54.2 53.8 53.6 53.7 53.4
Unemployed............................... 4,320 5,902 5,756 4,750 5,962 6,081 6,271 6,169 6,312
Unemployment rate.................... 6.0 8.2 8.1 6.6 8.3 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.8
Not in labor force......................... 49,143 50,184 50,747 49,140 49,839 50,182 50,350 50,355 50,591
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 112,825 113,737 113,832 112,825 113,405 113,522 113,636 113,737 113,832
Civilian labor force....................... 69,042 69,049 68,617 68,904 68,847 68,686 68,687 68,742 68,620
Participation rate................... 61.2 60.7 60.3 61.1 60.7 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.3
Employed................................. 65,204 63,787 63,430 64,744 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998
Employment-population ratio.......... 57.8 56.1 55.7 57.4 56.0 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.3
Unemployed............................... 3,838 5,262 5,187 4,160 5,295 5,406 5,554 5,473 5,622
Unemployment rate.................... 5.6 7.6 7.6 6.0 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2
Not in labor force......................... 43,784 44,688 45,215 43,921 44,558 44,837 44,949 44,994 45,212
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 17,126 16,988 16,967 17,126 17,031 17,020 17,008 16,988 16,967
Civilian labor force....................... 6,235 5,767 5,684 6,575 6,383 6,264 6,143 6,077 6,037
Participation rate................... 36.4 33.9 33.5 38.4 37.5 36.8 36.1 35.8 35.6
Employed................................. 5,058 4,233 4,272 5,207 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403
Employment-population ratio.......... 29.5 24.9 25.2 30.4 27.8 27.2 26.1 26.2 25.9
Unemployed............................... 1,177 1,534 1,412 1,368 1,643 1,637 1,696 1,627 1,634
Unemployment rate.................... 18.9 26.6 24.8 20.8 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1
Not in labor force......................... 10,891 11,221 11,283 10,551 10,648 10,756 10,865 10,911 10,930
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 190,351 191,516 191,628 190,351 191,086 191,244 191,394 191,516 191,628
Civilian labor force....................... 125,588 125,170 124,344 125,792 126,038 125,581 125,567 125,258 124,605
Participation rate..................... 66.0 65.4 64.9 66.1 66.0 65.7 65.6 65.4 65.0
Employed................................. 117,409 114,403 113,416 117,335 114,784 114,215 113,754 113,669 113,339
Employment-population ratio............ 61.7 59.7 59.2 61.6 60.1 59.7 59.4 59.4 59.1
Unemployed............................... 8,179 10,767 10,928 8,458 11,254 11,366 11,813 11,589 11,266
Unemployment rate...................... 6.5 8.6 8.8 6.7 8.9 9.1 9.4 9.3 9.0
Not in labor force......................... 64,763 66,346 67,284 64,559 65,048 65,663 65,827 66,258 67,024
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 65,424 65,286 64,870 65,399 65,640 65,548 65,540 65,387 64,804
Participation rate..................... 75.6 74.9 74.4 75.6 75.5 75.4 75.3 75.0 74.3
Employed................................. 60,965 59,438 58,653 61,096 59,514 59,279 59,077 58,996 58,782
Employment-population ratio............ 70.5 68.2 67.2 70.6 68.5 68.1 67.8 67.7 67.4
Unemployed............................... 4,459 5,848 6,217 4,303 6,126 6,269 6,463 6,390 6,022
Unemployment rate...................... 6.8 9.0 9.6 6.6 9.3 9.6 9.9 9.8 9.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 55,033 55,165 54,823 54,939 55,036 54,841 54,932 54,908 54,822
Participation rate..................... 60.6 60.4 60.0 60.5 60.4 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.0
Employed................................. 52,199 51,334 51,116 51,817 51,211 50,956 50,861 50,852 50,753
Employment-population ratio............ 57.5 56.2 55.9 57.1 56.2 55.8 55.7 55.6 55.5
Unemployed............................... 2,833 3,831 3,707 3,122 3,825 3,884 4,071 4,056 4,069
Unemployment rate...................... 5.1 6.9 6.8 5.7 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 5,131 4,719 4,651 5,454 5,362 5,192 5,095 4,963 4,978
Participation rate..................... 39.1 36.3 35.9 41.6 41.2 39.9 39.2 38.2 38.4
Employed................................. 4,245 3,631 3,647 4,421 4,060 3,980 3,816 3,820 3,804
Employment-population ratio............ 32.4 28.0 28.1 33.7 31.2 30.6 29.3 29.4 29.3
Unemployed............................... 886 1,088 1,004 1,033 1,303 1,212 1,279 1,142 1,174
Unemployment rate...................... 17.3 23.0 21.6 18.9 24.3 23.3 25.1 23.0 23.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 28,059 28,404 28,437 28,059 28,290 28,330 28,369 28,404 28,437
Civilian labor force....................... 17,720 17,606 17,484 17,797 17,596 17,455 17,516 17,660 17,600
Participation rate..................... 63.2 62.0 61.5 63.4 62.2 61.6 61.7 62.2 61.9
Employed................................. 15,649 14,938 14,759 15,646 14,914 14,754 14,763 14,904 14,758
Employment-population ratio............ 55.8 52.6 51.9 55.8 52.7 52.1 52.0 52.5 51.9
Unemployed............................... 2,071 2,667 2,725 2,150 2,682 2,701 2,754 2,757 2,843
Unemployment rate...................... 11.7 15.2 15.6 12.1 15.2 15.5 15.7 15.6 16.2
Not in labor force......................... 10,339 10,798 10,953 10,262 10,694 10,875 10,853 10,744 10,837
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 7,981 7,911 7,896 7,997 7,913 7,820 7,899 7,915 7,907
Participation rate..................... 70.7 69.0 68.7 70.8 69.4 68.4 69.0 69.0 68.8
Employed................................. 6,879 6,637 6,579 6,896 6,569 6,526 6,553 6,584 6,591
Employment-population ratio............ 60.9 57.9 57.3 61.1 57.6 57.1 57.2 57.4 57.4
Unemployed............................... 1,102 1,274 1,317 1,101 1,344 1,294 1,346 1,331 1,316
Unemployment rate...................... 13.8 16.1 16.7 13.8 17.0 16.5 17.0 16.8 16.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 9,031 8,999 8,891 9,076 8,976 8,947 8,911 9,001 8,959
Participation rate..................... 64.2 63.1 62.2 64.5 63.2 62.9 62.5 63.1 62.7
Employed................................. 8,264 7,942 7,786 8,267 7,885 7,827 7,800 7,946 7,788
Employment-population ratio............ 58.7 55.7 54.5 58.7 55.5 55.0 54.8 55.7 54.5
Unemployed............................... 767 1,057 1,105 809 1,091 1,120 1,110 1,055 1,171
Unemployment rate...................... 8.5 11.7 12.4 8.9 12.2 12.5 12.5 11.7 13.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 708 696 698 724 708 688 707 743 734
Participation rate..................... 26.3 26.0 26.2 26.9 26.4 25.7 26.4 27.8 27.5
Employed................................. 506 359 394 483 460 401 409 373 379
Employment-population ratio............ 18.8 13.4 14.8 18.0 17.2 15.0 15.3 14.0 14.2
Unemployed............................... 202 337 303 241 247 287 298 370 356
Unemployment rate...................... 28.5 48.4 43.5 33.3 35.0 41.7 42.1 49.8 48.4
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 10,873 10,879 10,904 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Civilian labor force....................... 7,223 7,080 7,163 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 66.4 65.1 65.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 6,857 6,566 6,560 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 63.1 60.4 60.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 365 514 602 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 5.1 7.3 8.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Not in labor force......................... 3,651 3,799 3,741 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1)
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population......... 32,649 33,291 33,379 32,649 33,017 33,110 33,202 33,291 33,379
Civilian labor force....................... 22,221 22,622 22,481 22,145 22,320 22,444 22,492 22,564 22,404
Participation rate..................... 68.1 68.0 67.3 67.8 67.6 67.8 67.7 67.8 67.1
Employed................................. 20,129 19,860 19,591 20,056 19,411 19,595 19,553 19,692 19,513
Employment-population ratio............ 61.7 59.7 58.7 61.4 58.8 59.2 58.9 59.2 58.5
Unemployed............................... 2,093 2,762 2,890 2,089 2,908 2,849 2,939 2,872 2,891
Unemployment rate...................... 9.4 12.2 12.9 9.4 13.0 12.7 13.1 12.7 12.9
Not in labor force......................... 10,428 10,669 10,899 10,505 10,697 10,666 10,710 10,727 10,976
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 12,752 12,862 12,804 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 83.8 83.0 82.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 11,558 11,374 11,168 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 76.0 73.4 71.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 1,194 1,488 1,636 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 9.4 11.6 12.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....................... 8,430 8,767 8,720 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 58.8 59.9 59.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 7,765 7,838 7,806 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 54.2 53.5 53.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 665 929 915 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 7.9 10.6 10.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force....................... 1,039 993 956 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Participation rate..................... 33.5 31.5 30.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employed................................. 805 649 617 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Employment-population ratio............ 26.0 20.6 19.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployed............................... 234 344 340 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
Unemployment rate...................... 22.6 34.7 35.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force......................... 12,136 11,929 12,015 12,112 12,323 12,263 12,155 12,003 11,977
Participation rate....................... 46.5 46.0 45.7 46.4 47.4 47.1 47.2 46.3 45.6
Employed................................... 10,719 10,207 10,123 10,749 10,414 10,426 10,272 10,202 10,144
Employment-population ratio.............. 41.1 39.4 38.5 41.2 40.0 40.0 39.9 39.3 38.6
Unemployed................................. 1,417 1,722 1,892 1,362 1,909 1,837 1,883 1,802 1,833
Unemployment rate........................ 11.7 14.4 15.7 11.2 15.5 15.0 15.5 15.0 15.3
High school graduates, no college (1)
Civilian labor force......................... 38,838 38,013 37,808 38,588 38,073 38,059 37,917 37,759 37,607
Participation rate....................... 62.7 62.0 61.7 62.3 61.9 62.0 61.8 61.6 61.4
Employed................................... 35,815 34,249 33,803 35,596 34,324 33,956 33,674 33,851 33,649
Employment-population ratio.............. 57.9 55.9 55.2 57.5 55.8 55.3 54.9 55.2 55.0
Unemployed................................. 3,023 3,764 4,005 2,992 3,749 4,104 4,243 3,908 3,958
Unemployment rate........................ 7.8 9.9 10.6 7.8 9.8 10.8 11.2 10.4 10.5
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force......................... 36,867 37,228 36,796 36,939 36,667 36,732 36,899 36,946 36,892
Participation rate....................... 71.7 70.9 70.4 71.8 71.3 70.7 70.9 70.4 70.6
Employed................................... 34,819 34,099 33,660 34,773 33,645 33,583 33,596 33,629 33,560
Employment-population ratio.............. 67.7 65.0 64.4 67.6 65.4 64.6 64.5 64.1 64.2
Unemployed................................. 2,048 3,128 3,135 2,166 3,022 3,149 3,303 3,318 3,332
Unemployment rate........................ 5.6 8.4 8.5 5.9 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.0 9.0
Bachelor's degree and higher (2)
Civilian labor force......................... 45,202 45,981 45,927 45,216 45,817 45,910 46,316 45,992 45,994
Participation rate....................... 77.9 77.4 77.2 78.0 77.0 77.3 77.4 77.4 77.3
Employed................................... 43,619 43,888 43,752 43,544 43,650 43,686 44,116 43,743 43,707
Employment-population ratio.............. 75.2 73.9 73.5 75.1 73.4 73.6 73.7 73.6 73.4
Unemployed................................. 1,583 2,093 2,175 1,672 2,167 2,224 2,200 2,249 2,288
Unemployment rate........................ 3.5 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.0
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries........... 2,068 2,039 1,952 2,185 2,095 2,009 2,041 2,086 2,056
Wage and salary workers.................... 1,162 1,281 1,228 1,242 1,252 1,177 1,263 1,331 1,308
Self-employed workers...................... 883 740 707 943 821 796 736 752 755
Unpaid family workers...................... 23 18 17 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Nonagricultural industries................... 141,282 137,093 136,001 140,975 137,285 136,752 136,311 136,357 135,717
Wage and salary workers.................... 132,518 128,049 127,003 132,022 128,168 127,650 127,312 127,160 126,539
Government............................... 21,415 21,466 21,128 21,393 21,124 20,978 21,161 21,233 21,110
Private industries....................... 111,103 106,583 105,875 110,629 107,094 106,662 106,173 105,856 105,428
Private households..................... 782 776 736 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Other industries....................... 110,321 105,807 105,139 109,816 106,273 105,885 105,401 105,097 104,666
Self-employed workers...................... 8,701 8,973 8,915 8,915 9,032 9,009 8,960 9,111 9,135
Unpaid family workers...................... 62 72 83 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 8,250 8,894 9,354 8,090 9,077 9,158 9,240 9,225 9,165
Slack work or business conditions........ 6,340 6,524 6,758 6,068 6,895 6,815 6,882 6,684 6,453
Could only find part-time work........... 1,562 2,132 2,286 1,617 2,065 2,081 2,084 2,238 2,346
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 19,719 19,208 19,082 18,964 18,768 18,590 18,632 18,354 18,364
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons............. 8,110 8,796 9,222 7,972 8,946 8,983 9,158 9,137 9,055
Slack work or business conditions........ 6,250 6,446 6,672 5,990 6,797 6,695 6,797 6,616 6,378
Could only find part-time work........... 1,553 2,124 2,267 1,616 2,046 2,063 2,033 2,241 2,349
Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 19,405 18,871 18,740 18,647 18,383 18,251 18,317 18,066 18,056
1 Data not available.
2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 143,350 139,132 137,953 143,188 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792
16 to 19 years............................. 5,058 4,233 4,272 5,207 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403
16 to 17 years........................... 1,743 1,349 1,381 1,794 1,694 1,569 1,417 1,409 1,425
18 to 19 years........................... 3,314 2,884 2,891 3,420 3,043 3,070 3,041 3,036 2,987
20 years and over.......................... 138,292 134,899 133,680 137,981 134,693 134,141 133,795 133,931 133,389
20 to 24 years........................... 13,320 12,456 12,343 13,366 12,714 12,625 12,414 12,446 12,389
25 years and over........................ 124,972 122,443 121,337 124,638 122,042 121,551 121,440 121,539 121,012
25 to 54 years......................... 97,781 95,033 94,030 97,537 94,903 94,345 94,272 94,318 93,791
25 to 34 years....................... 30,885 30,072 29,875 30,807 29,951 29,795 29,811 29,793 29,794
35 to 44 years....................... 32,731 31,209 30,831 32,639 31,444 31,236 30,966 31,031 30,744
45 to 54 years....................... 34,165 33,753 33,325 34,091 33,507 33,314 33,495 33,494 33,254
55 years and over...................... 27,191 27,410 27,307 27,102 27,140 27,206 27,168 27,221 27,221
Men, 16 years and over....................... 75,548 73,107 72,258 75,812 73,436 73,120 72,844 72,794 72,499
16 to 19 years............................. 2,460 1,996 2,008 2,575 2,294 2,259 2,182 2,131 2,108
16 to 17 years........................... 797 619 618 860 833 762 688 673 672
18 to 19 years........................... 1,663 1,377 1,389 1,711 1,464 1,500 1,485 1,453 1,434
20 years and over.......................... 73,088 71,112 70,251 73,237 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391
20 to 24 years........................... 6,760 6,291 6,127 6,868 6,483 6,402 6,257 6,301 6,234
25 years and over........................ 66,328 64,821 64,124 66,383 64,685 64,466 64,449 64,375 64,166
25 to 54 years......................... 52,031 50,450 49,905 52,059 50,501 50,203 50,222 50,090 49,921
25 to 34 years....................... 16,784 16,316 16,146 16,758 16,219 16,120 16,203 16,157 16,118
35 to 44 years....................... 17,581 16,819 16,615 17,601 16,822 16,758 16,642 16,719 16,629
45 to 54 years....................... 17,666 17,314 17,144 17,700 17,460 17,325 17,376 17,214 17,174
55 years and over...................... 14,297 14,371 14,219 14,324 14,184 14,263 14,227 14,285 14,245
Women, 16 years and over..................... 67,802 66,024 65,694 67,376 65,997 65,648 65,398 65,587 65,293
16 to 19 years............................. 2,598 2,238 2,265 2,632 2,446 2,368 2,266 2,318 2,294
16 to 17 years........................... 946 730 763 933 861 807 728 736 753
18 to 19 years........................... 1,651 1,507 1,502 1,709 1,579 1,570 1,555 1,583 1,553
20 years and over.......................... 65,204 63,787 63,430 64,744 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998
20 to 24 years........................... 6,560 6,165 6,216 6,498 6,231 6,222 6,158 6,145 6,155
25 years and over........................ 58,644 57,622 57,213 58,255 57,358 57,085 56,992 57,164 56,846
25 to 54 years......................... 45,750 44,583 44,125 45,478 44,402 44,142 44,050 44,229 43,870
25 to 34 years....................... 14,101 13,755 13,728 14,048 13,732 13,675 13,608 13,637 13,676
35 to 44 years....................... 15,150 14,389 14,215 15,038 14,623 14,478 14,324 14,312 14,115
45 to 54 years....................... 16,499 16,439 16,181 16,391 16,047 15,989 16,118 16,280 16,080
55 years and over...................... 12,894 13,038 13,089 12,777 12,956 12,943 12,942 12,936 12,976
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 45,215 43,484 43,364 45,155 43,847 43,656 43,401 43,336 43,312
Married women, spouse present................ 35,835 35,082 35,198 35,622 35,151 34,891 34,736 34,867 35,004
Women who maintain families.................. 8,987 8,798 8,403 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (2)........................ 116,422 111,274 109,875 116,832 112,117 111,361 110,817 110,901 110,254
Part-time workers (3)........................ 26,927 27,858 28,078 26,362 27,636 27,459 27,511 27,400 27,466
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,432 7,222 6,886 7,433 7,079 7,047 7,017 7,060 6,910
Percent of total employed................ 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0
1 Data not available.
2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1)
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over..................... 11,400 15,340 15,267 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0
16 to 19 years............................. 1,368 1,627 1,634 20.8 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1
16 to 17 years........................... 558 569 608 23.7 26.5 28.2 30.2 28.8 29.9
18 to 19 years........................... 821 1,071 1,041 19.4 25.2 24.4 25.7 26.1 25.8
20 years and over.......................... 10,031 13,712 13,633 6.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.3
20 to 24 years........................... 1,890 2,361 2,287 12.4 15.1 15.0 15.6 15.9 15.6
25 years and over........................ 8,095 11,264 11,237 6.1 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.5
25 to 54 years......................... 6,691 9,171 9,176 6.4 8.8 9.1 9.2 8.9 8.9
25 to 34 years....................... 2,579 3,436 3,383 7.7 10.4 10.6 10.7 10.3 10.2
35 to 44 years....................... 2,073 2,909 2,953 6.0 8.2 8.8 9.0 8.6 8.8
45 to 54 years....................... 2,038 2,827 2,841 5.6 7.8 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.9
55 years and over...................... 1,439 2,085 2,114 5.0 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2
Men, 16 years and over....................... 6,650 9,171 8,955 8.1 11.0 11.0 11.4 11.2 11.0
16 to 19 years............................. 778 932 944 23.2 29.9 29.9 31.0 30.4 30.9
16 to 17 years........................... 311 296 332 26.5 29.6 31.1 33.5 30.5 33.1
18 to 19 years........................... 476 638 621 21.8 29.9 28.3 28.9 30.5 30.2
20 years and over.......................... 5,871 8,239 8,011 7.4 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2
20 to 24 years........................... 1,154 1,415 1,407 14.4 17.0 17.2 18.6 18.3 18.4
25 years and over........................ 4,691 6,763 6,531 6.6 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.2
25 to 54 years......................... 3,900 5,562 5,313 7.0 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.6
25 to 34 years....................... 1,570 2,046 1,992 8.6 11.5 11.9 11.4 11.2 11.0
35 to 44 years....................... 1,149 1,707 1,624 6.1 9.5 9.7 10.1 9.3 8.9
45 to 54 years....................... 1,181 1,809 1,697 6.3 9.1 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.0
55 years and over...................... 791 1,201 1,217 5.2 7.5 7.3 7.8 7.8 7.9
Women, 16 years and over..................... 4,750 6,169 6,312 6.6 8.3 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.8
16 to 19 years............................. 590 695 690 18.3 21.4 22.2 24.0 23.1 23.1
16 to 17 years........................... 247 274 275 20.9 23.3 25.1 26.8 27.1 26.8
18 to 19 years........................... 345 433 420 16.8 20.2 20.2 22.4 21.5 21.3
20 years and over.......................... 4,160 5,473 5,622 6.0 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2
20 to 24 years........................... 736 946 880 10.2 13.1 12.7 12.4 13.3 12.5
25 years and over........................ 3,404 4,501 4,706 5.5 7.1 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.6
25 to 54 years......................... 2,791 3,610 3,863 5.8 7.3 7.7 8.0 7.5 8.1
25 to 34 years....................... 1,009 1,390 1,391 6.7 9.1 8.9 9.9 9.3 9.2
35 to 44 years....................... 925 1,202 1,328 5.8 6.6 7.9 7.8 7.7 8.6
45 to 54 years....................... 857 1,018 1,144 5.0 6.3 6.5 6.4 5.9 6.6
55 years and over (2).................. 583 859 800 4.3 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.2 5.8
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present.................. 2,198 3,517 3,419 4.6 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.3
Married women, spouse present................ 1,711 2,105 2,154 4.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.8
Women who maintain families (2).............. 948 1,131 1,258 9.5 12.2 11.6 12.9 11.4 13.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers (3)........................ 9,715 13,699 13,452 7.7 10.5 10.7 11.1 11.0 10.9
Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,639 1,626 1,766 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Not seasonally adjusted.
3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on lay-
off from full-time jobs.
4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs.............................. 6,878 9,130 9,822 6,729 9,814 10,236 10,261 9,965 9,701
On temporary layoff........................ 1,675 1,245 1,683 1,550 1,704 1,918 1,671 1,548 1,558
Not on temporary layoff.................... 5,203 7,884 8,140 5,179 8,110 8,318 8,590 8,418 8,143
Permanent job losers..................... 4,034 6,515 6,718 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 1,169 1,369 1,422 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
Job leavers.................................. 928 921 860 1,007 835 869 909 929 932
Reentrants................................... 2,523 3,158 3,012 2,802 3,294 3,255 3,461 3,221 3,334
New entrants................................. 670 1,198 1,046 820 1,096 1,134 1,114 1,270 1,270
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 62.5 63.4 66.6 59.2 65.3 66.1 65.2 64.8 63.7
On temporary layoff....................... 15.2 8.6 11.4 13.6 11.3 12.4 10.6 10.1 10.2
Not on temporary layoff................... 47.3 54.7 55.2 45.6 53.9 53.7 54.6 54.7 53.4
Job leavers................................. 8.4 6.4 5.8 8.9 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.1
Reentrants.................................. 22.9 21.9 20.4 24.7 21.9 21.0 22.0 20.9 21.9
New entrants................................ 6.1 8.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.1 8.3 8.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs............................. 4.5 5.9 6.4 4.4 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.3
Job leavers................................. .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6
Reentrants.................................. 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2
New entrants................................ .4 .8 .7 .5 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8
1 Data not available.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks...................................... 3,227 2,583 2,871 3,294 2,992 2,938 3,131 2,774 2,929
5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 3,390 3,296 3,335 3,535 4,093 3,838 3,671 3,517 3,486
15 weeks and over...................................... 4,381 8,528 8,534 4,599 7,849 8,405 8,804 8,976 8,969
15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,869 2,678 2,638 1,987 2,825 2,958 3,184 3,075 2,840
27 weeks and over................................... 2,512 5,849 5,896 2,612 5,024 5,447 5,620 5,901 6,130
Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 19.5 29.4 29.0 19.6 25.2 26.5 27.2 28.6 29.1
Median duration, in weeks.............................. 10.5 20.2 20.2 10.7 15.5 17.8 19.0 20.2 20.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 5 weeks.................................... 29.3 17.9 19.5 28.8 20.0 19.4 20.1 18.2 19.0
5 to 14 weeks........................................ 30.8 22.9 22.6 30.9 27.4 25.3 23.5 23.0 22.7
15 weeks and over.................................... 39.8 59.2 57.9 40.2 52.6 55.4 56.4 58.8 58.3
15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.0 18.6 17.9 17.4 18.9 19.5 20.4 20.1 18.5
27 weeks and over.................................. 22.8 40.6 40.0 22.9 33.6 35.9 36.0 38.7 39.8
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed rates
Occupation
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 143,350 137,953 10,999 14,740 7.1 9.7
Management, professional, and related occupations...... 52,548 52,131 1,802 2,509 3.3 4.6
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......................................... 21,928 20,944 888 1,157 3.9 5.2
Professional and related occupations................. 30,619 31,188 915 1,352 2.9 4.2
Service occupations.................................... 24,371 24,216 2,057 2,747 7.8 10.2
Sales and office occupations........................... 34,987 33,296 2,448 3,184 6.5 8.7
Sales and related occupations........................ 16,354 15,478 1,233 1,520 7.0 8.9
Office and administrative support occupations........ 18,633 17,819 1,215 1,664 6.1 8.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................... 14,202 12,617 2,063 2,802 12.7 18.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 901 869 201 242 18.3 21.8
Construction and extraction occupations.............. 8,025 7,106 1,522 2,067 15.9 22.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,276 4,642 339 494 6.0 9.6
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................... 17,242 15,692 1,928 2,425 10.1 13.4
Production occupations............................... 8,421 7,420 992 1,281 10.5 14.7
Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,821 8,272 936 1,144 9.6 12.2
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
2008 2009 2008 2009
Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 10,999 14,740 7.1 9.7
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 9,030 11,997 7.5 10.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ 46 89 5.2 11.8
Construction......................................... 1,438 2,044 15.3 22.7
Manufacturing........................................ 1,315 1,747 8.3 11.9
Durable goods...................................... 839 1,245 8.0 13.3
Nondurable goods................................... 477 502 8.8 9.5
Wholesale and retail trade........................... 1,535 1,851 7.2 9.1
Transportation and utilities......................... 421 539 6.7 9.0
Information.......................................... 219 256 6.9 8.5
Financial activities................................. 540 665 5.6 7.2
Professional and business services................... 1,147 1,486 8.1 10.3
Education and health services........................ 791 1,183 3.8 5.6
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 1,210 1,624 9.5 12.6
Other services....................................... 367 513 6.1 8.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers 229 292 17.0 19.7
Government workers..................................... 511 797 2.3 3.6
Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 559 609 5.5 5.9
1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2009 data, industries
reflect the introduction of the 2007 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification
system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification System. No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure
Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent
of the civilian labor force....................... 2.8 5.6 5.6 3.0 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.9
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 4.5 5.9 6.4 4.4 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.3
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian
labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 7.1 9.4 9.7 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers............................... 7.5 9.9 10.2 7.8 10.1 10.3 10.6 10.5 10.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus
all other marginally attached workers, as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers....................... 8.3 10.7 11.1 8.5 11.0 11.1 11.5 11.3 11.4
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached
workers, plus total employed part time for
economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 13.5 16.4 17.1 13.7 16.8 17.0 17.4 17.2 17.3
NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS intro-
duces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population con-
trols are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Men Women
Category
Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec.
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force........................... 80,686 84,231 31,543 33,485 49,143 50,747
Persons who currently want a job...................... 5,180 5,939 2,432 2,896 2,748 3,043
Marginally attached to the labor force (1).......... 1,908 2,486 1,000 1,384 908 1,102
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 642 929 367 594 276 334
Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,266 1,558 634 790 632 768
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,432 6,886 3,743 3,369 3,689 3,517
Percent of total employed.......................... 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.4
Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 4,176 3,641 2,288 2,010 1,888 1,632
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,774 1,818 638 549 1,136 1,268
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 218 202 143 123 75 79
Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,215 1,198 653 670 562 528
1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Nov. 2009-
Dec. 2009p
Total nonfarm.......... 135,917 132,113 132,227 131,821 135,074 131,257 131,118 130,991 130,995 130,910 -85
Total private............ 113,023 109,249 109,261 109,005 112,542 108,770 108,670 108,507 108,507 108,443 -64
Goods-producing.............. 20,469 18,700 18,538 18,221 20,532 18,583 18,488 18,379 18,321 18,240 -81
Mining and logging............... 786 708 712 705 789 706 705 700 704 703 -1
Logging....................... 56.1 52.8 52.8 51.4 55.7 51.2 51.9 50.5 50.7 50.4 -.3
Mining.......................... 730.3 655.6 659.1 653.2 733.3 655.1 653.2 649.9 652.8 652.7 -.1
Oil and gas extraction......... 169.3 165.2 166.6 166.2 169.4 165.2 166.1 165.4 166.2 166.2 .0
Mining, except oil and gas (1). 225.0 217.4 217.0 209.4 229.2 214.3 214.4 212.4 213.6 212.6 -1.0
Coal mining................... 85.1 77.5 77.4 77.0 84.5 78.9 78.5 77.3 76.9 76.4 -.5
Support activities for mining.. 336.0 273.0 275.5 277.6 334.7 275.6 272.7 272.1 273.0 273.9 .9
Construction..................... 6,739 6,217 6,093 5,826 6,841 6,096 6,043 5,987 5,960 5,907 -53
Construction of buildings...... 1,571.6 1,421.0 1,403.8 1,369.9 1,572.9 1,406.1 1,391.9 1,381.6 1,381.1 1,369.6 -11.5
Residential building.......... 772.4 698.5 689.4 676.0 769.4 685.4 680.4 676.0 675.2 671.4 -3.8
Nonresidential building....... 799.2 722.5 714.4 693.9 803.5 720.7 711.5 705.6 705.9 698.2 -7.7
Heavy and civil engineering
construction.................. 897.0 884.0 864.0 777.9 933.2 849.2 841.2 827.0 829.0 810.6 -18.4
Specialty trade contractors.... 4,270.1 3,912.1 3,825.6 3,678.2 4,335.2 3,840.2 3,810.0 3,778.5 3,750.1 3,726.5 -23.6
Residential specialty trade
contractors.................. 1,851.1 1,739.5 1,706.7 1,638.3 1,883.6 1,691.4 1,690.3 1,681.2 1,677.7 1,662.9 -14.8
Nonresidential specialty
trade contractors............ 2,419.0 2,172.6 2,118.9 2,039.9 2,451.6 2,148.8 2,119.7 2,097.3 2,072.4 2,063.6 -8.8
Manufacturing.................... 12,944 11,775 11,733 11,690 12,902 11,781 11,740 11,692 11,657 11,630 -27
Production workers............ 9,202 8,284 8,259 8,208 9,174 8,265 8,243 8,211 8,192 8,164 -28
Durable goods................... 8,126 7,175 7,156 7,142 8,085 7,204 7,169 7,134 7,105 7,089 -16
Production workers............ 5,663 4,913 4,906 4,888 5,633 4,924 4,906 4,882 4,863 4,847 -16
Wood products.................. 416.3 367.5 363.1 364.2 416.2 362.2 361.6 362.0 361.6 363.3 1.7
Nonmetallic mineral products... 436.6 403.3 400.7 390.9 441.2 402.6 400.9 395.7 394.5 395.1 .6
Primary metals................. 421.4 358.5 359.4 360.5 419.6 359.3 357.3 356.8 357.0 357.6 .6
Fabricated metal products...... 1,467.8 1,284.6 1,279.1 1,278.7 1,461.5 1,288.3 1,280.2 1,275.1 1,270.6 1,269.9 -.7
Machinery...................... 1,159.2 984.7 981.2 981.6 1,150.2 997.5 989.8 981.3 974.1 969.6 -4.5
Computer and electronic
products (1).................. 1,227.9 1,113.0 1,110.1 1,110.7 1,223.7 1,125.6 1,120.2 1,114.3 1,108.3 1,105.9 -2.4
Computer and peripheral
equipment.................... 180.7 159.2 158.6 159.0 180.0 160.5 160.4 159.1 158.1 157.7 -.4
Communications equipment...... 129.4 125.2 124.2 124.8 129.1 125.7 126.1 125.0 124.0 124.4 .4
Semiconductors and electronic
components................... 419.4 362.2 363.4 364.4 417.4 367.6 365.2 363.7 362.6 362.4 -.2
Electronic instruments........ 438.1 414.8 412.5 411.1 437.5 420.0 417.3 415.5 412.7 410.7 -2.0
Electrical equipment and
appliances.................... 412.8 370.0 367.0 365.8 412.0 372.3 371.8 368.0 365.1 363.7 -1.4
Transportation equipment (1)... 1,518.5 1,333.3 1,334.5 1,335.8 1,501.8 1,330.0 1,326.9 1,326.7 1,320.1 1,315.7 -4.4
Motor vehicles and parts (2).. 797.0 671.7 674.7 674.9 781.5 661.6 660.1 664.5 660.1 655.2 -4.9
Furniture and related products. 441.2 371.2 372.5 371.3 440.6 378.2 374.5 371.5 372.7 370.3 -2.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing.... 623.8 588.9 588.6 582.6 618.4 587.7 585.8 582.3 580.7 577.4 -3.3
Nondurable goods................ 4,818 4,600 4,577 4,548 4,817 4,577 4,571 4,558 4,552 4,541 -11
Production workers............ 3,539 3,371 3,353 3,320 3,541 3,341 3,337 3,329 3,329 3,317 -12
Food manufacturing............. 1,482.6 1,500.6 1,484.7 1,470.4 1,477.6 1,476.4 1,476.3 1,473.9 1,471.0 1,466.9 -4.1
Beverages and tobacco products. 193.1 195.1 188.9 186.2 195.8 189.8 189.7 189.8 189.2 188.7 -.5
Textile mills.................. 136.0 121.4 122.3 122.0 136.8 122.3 121.8 121.1 121.7 122.3 .6
Textile product mills.......... 142.2 125.6 125.4 125.8 141.2 125.5 125.8 124.7 123.7 123.7 .0
Apparel........................ 181.7 164.3 162.5 163.8 183.5 165.4 163.7 163.4 162.7 164.5 1.8
Leather and allied products.... 32.7 29.7 29.8 29.9 32.6 30.6 30.2 29.6 29.8 29.9 .1
Paper and paper products....... 434.6 403.1 402.9 399.4 433.4 405.7 405.4 402.1 401.0 397.8 -3.2
Printing and related support
activities.................... 569.9 510.9 507.6 507.5 567.0 513.7 511.4 508.3 503.6 503.5 -.1
Petroleum and coal products.... 114.0 115.4 114.5 109.0 116.9 114.0 114.2 113.7 114.2 112.3 -1.9
Chemicals...................... 836.7 800.4 805.8 803.0 837.1 803.4 802.5 802.3 804.9 801.8 -3.1
Plastics and rubber products... 694.9 633.2 632.9 630.5 694.9 630.4 629.5 629.1 630.4 629.3 -1.1
Service-providing............ 115,448 113,413 113,689 113,600 114,542 112,674 112,630 112,612 112,674 112,670 -4
Private service-providing... 92,554 90,549 90,723 90,784 92,010 90,187 90,182 90,128 90,186 90,203 17
Trade, transportation, and
utilities....................... 26,475 25,134 25,447 25,587 25,843 25,146 25,090 25,031 24,999 24,962 -37
Wholesale trade................. 5,864.1 5,671.9 5,664.0 5,636.6 5,850.7 5,661.0 5,654.1 5,647.3 5,636.7 5,618.5 -18.2
Durable goods.................. 2,986.0 2,824.2 2,810.5 2,795.3 2,978.6 2,828.3 2,821.2 2,813.4 2,800.1 2,786.2 -13.9
Nondurable goods............... 2,028.2 2,001.5 2,007.4 1,992.8 2,025.1 1,991.6 1,990.5 1,988.7 1,992.8 1,987.4 -5.4
Electronic markets and agents
and brokers................... 849.9 846.2 846.1 848.5 847.0 841.1 842.4 845.2 843.8 844.9 1.1
Retail trade....................15,594.7 14,675.3 15,009.0 15,168.6 15,037.9 14,726.1 14,686.4 14,646.7 14,633.2 14,623.0 -10.2
Motor vehicle and parts
dealers (1)................... 1,728.7 1,680.2 1,661.1 1,656.0 1,745.6 1,674.7 1,668.4 1,668.4 1,667.4 1,669.8 2.4
Automobile dealers............ 1,090.3 1,048.4 1,040.9 1,037.5 1,099.9 1,045.6 1,040.7 1,041.1 1,043.0 1,045.3 2.3
Furniture and home furnishings
stores........................ 539.0 487.5 499.9 507.9 514.2 479.6 480.0 481.6 483.6 482.9 -.7
Electronics and appliance
stores........................ 561.3 510.5 524.2 528.2 538.6 513.0 511.5 507.3 505.7 505.4 -.3
Building material and garden
supply stores................. 1,196.7 1,157.3 1,150.1 1,142.0 1,227.8 1,169.7 1,167.8 1,164.8 1,164.6 1,168.1 3.5
Food and beverage stores....... 2,867.1 2,805.9 2,827.3 2,827.0 2,835.1 2,821.4 2,813.4 2,809.9 2,801.9 2,798.1 -3.8
Health and personal care
stores........................ 1,009.4 978.1 985.6 998.3 991.2 982.2 976.5 978.7 976.9 980.6 3.7
Gasoline stations.............. 833.1 830.5 824.2 825.2 834.4 834.4 830.1 830.5 825.6 826.1 .5
Clothing and clothing
accessories stores............ 1,592.9 1,419.8 1,512.3 1,571.9 1,448.5 1,410.9 1,411.3 1,416.2 1,421.4 1,421.1 -.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book,
and music stores.............. 682.9 593.8 619.7 639.4 624.3 601.8 604.5 589.7 586.6 586.1 -.5
General merchandise stores (1). 3,271.8 2,983.6 3,158.7 3,211.1 3,029.2 3,025.7 3,019.1 2,996.1 2,999.5 2,984.7 -14.8
Department stores............. 1,700.6 1,505.7 1,636.9 1,685.9 1,521.2 1,524.2 1,524.4 1,510.2 1,515.9 1,510.3 -5.6
Miscellaneous store retailers.. 851.2 803.4 806.7 813.9 825.0 797.5 790.9 791.2 790.4 788.0 -2.4
Nonstore retailers............. 460.6 424.7 439.2 447.7 424.0 415.2 412.9 412.3 409.6 412.1 2.5
Transportation and warehousing.. 4,452.8 4,218.2 4,207.8 4,216.1 4,389.9 4,192.3 4,182.2 4,168.5 4,161.7 4,153.7 -8.0
Air transportation............. 476.5 461.3 459.1 456.7 477.8 463.5 461.7 462.0 459.5 457.2 -2.3
Rail transportation............ 225.9 210.9 208.2 208.9 226.8 213.0 211.5 209.9 208.0 208.7 .7
Water transportation........... 59.1 58.0 56.3 56.9 60.3 56.3 56.5 56.7 56.9 57.7 .8
Truck transportation........... 1,347.9 1,274.4 1,261.4 1,251.1 1,340.8 1,261.2 1,261.7 1,253.5 1,249.9 1,246.6 -3.3
Transit and ground passenger
transportation................ 425.2 414.7 417.5 415.2 410.1 405.4 400.5 400.5 402.6 400.7 -1.9
Pipeline transportation........ 43.4 43.1 43.2 43.0 43.3 42.4 43.2 43.3 43.0 42.7 -.3
Scenic and sightseeing
transportation................ 23.2 27.9 22.9 21.3 27.2 28.1 28.1 26.7 26.1 25.9 -.2
Support activities for
transportation................ 581.8 539.1 537.6 535.9 579.5 533.0 534.6 532.7 533.7 532.4 -1.3
Couriers and messengers........ 601.3 545.4 551.4 579.6 564.6 549.0 545.5 547.0 545.6 544.5 -1.1
Warehousing and storage........ 668.5 643.4 650.2 647.5 659.5 640.4 638.9 636.2 636.4 637.3 .9
Utilities....................... 563.7 568.2 566.4 565.8 564.6 566.5 567.5 568.1 567.4 566.5 -.9
Information...................... 2,954 2,820 2,818 2,820 2,940 2,829 2,828 2,826 2,812 2,806 -6
Publishing industries, except
Internet...................... 862.2 782.1 781.1 778.2 857.8 788.5 787.3 781.0 777.3 773.6 -3.7
Motion picture and sound
recording industries.......... 380.3 382.4 383.7 391.9 377.2 384.3 385.0 389.3 385.6 388.3 2.7
Broadcasting, except Internet.. 310.8 289.2 292.8 290.6 308.1 288.7 289.6 288.3 290.3 287.6 -2.7
Telecommunications............. 1,007.5 974.9 970.0 968.3 1,004.0 976.7 975.0 976.0 969.4 965.9 -3.5
Data processing, hosting and
related services.............. 256.7 254.8 253.9 254.6 256.4 256.9 255.8 254.7 253.5 254.2 .7
Other information services..... 136.5 136.9 136.1 136.3 136.5 134.3 135.1 136.6 136.0 135.9 -.1
Financial activities............. 8,009 7,699 7,683 7,705 8,010 7,714 7,703 7,697 7,691 7,695 4
Finance and insurance........... 5,926.5 5,710.1 5,711.5 5,732.1 5,924.0 5,729.8 5,720.9 5,718.7 5,714.6 5,724.5 9.9
Monetary authorities - central
bank.......................... 21.1 20.3 20.3 20.3 21.3 20.3 20.3 20.6 20.4 20.4 .0
Credit intermediation and
related activities (1)........ 2,679.2 2,583.4 2,584.7 2,596.0 2,680.8 2,594.4 2,589.1 2,589.1 2,589.8 2,593.6 3.8
Depository credit
intermediation (1)........... 1,805.4 1,763.5 1,766.3 1,772.1 1,804.9 1,767.4 1,766.1 1,765.7 1,768.6 1,769.2 .6
Commercial banking........... 1,351.1 1,318.2 1,320.7 1,325.5 1,351.8 1,320.8 1,319.7 1,320.0 1,322.8 1,323.6 .8
Securities, commodity
contracts, investments. ...... 840.8 778.6 777.5 781.8 839.9 780.5 777.8 778.6 775.7 779.5 3.8
Insurance carriers and related
activities.................... 2,294.5 2,241.0 2,243.1 2,247.6 2,292.0 2,247.6 2,247.2 2,244.0 2,242.6 2,245.3 2.7
Funds, trusts, and other
financial vehicles............ 90.9 86.8 85.9 86.4 90.0 87.0 86.5 86.4 86.1 85.7 -.4
Real estate and rental and
leasing........................ 2,082.9 1,988.5 1,971.7 1,972.7 2,085.8 1,984.3 1,982.3 1,978.3 1,976.5 1,970.4 -6.1
Real estate.................... 1,460.4 1,405.6 1,400.6 1,401.4 1,458.2 1,394.9 1,399.0 1,396.9 1,400.6 1,395.2 -5.4
Rental and leasing services.... 594.0 555.5 543.9 543.7 599.3 562.1 555.9 553.9 548.5 547.8 -.7
Lessors of nonfinancial
intangible assets............. 28.5 27.4 27.2 27.6 28.3 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.4 27.4 .0
Professional and business
services........................ 17,406 16,861 16,892 16,896 17,356 16,618 16,642 16,675 16,764 16,814 50
Professional and technical
services (1)................... 7,840.8 7,568.2 7,593.4 7,651.1 7,797.2 7,587.8 7,588.5 7,588.4 7,596.5 7,605.3 8.8
Legal services................ 1,160.5 1,118.9 1,116.8 1,117.8 1,156.8 1,127.2 1,124.8 1,118.7 1,116.2 1,114.1 -2.1
Accounting and bookkeeping
services..................... 951.3 876.0 882.2 940.5 933.7 938.0 932.0 935.6 929.1 926.5 -2.6
Architectural and engineering
services..................... 1,417.0 1,327.8 1,326.5 1,323.7 1,419.4 1,320.9 1,322.2 1,318.8 1,320.2 1,324.2 4.0
Computer systems design and
related services............. 1,475.1 1,481.2 1,482.8 1,486.4 1,466.8 1,461.3 1,465.6 1,471.8 1,473.7 1,477.1 3.4
Management and technical
consulting services.......... 1,030.0 1,031.2 1,041.5 1,044.3 1,020.5 1,015.3 1,016.6 1,024.4 1,030.4 1,033.9 3.5
Management of companies and
enterprises.................... 1,875.7 1,804.3 1,807.3 1,812.2 1,872.1 1,816.4 1,810.8 1,807.5 1,806.3 1,804.0 -2.3
Administrative and waste
services....................... 7,689.5 7,488.5 7,491.7 7,432.8 7,686.3 7,214.1 7,242.9 7,279.3 7,361.4 7,404.3 42.9
Administrative and support
services (1).................. 7,328.7 7,121.2 7,125.9 7,068.3 7,324.4 6,851.6 6,877.8 6,914.9 6,996.9 7,039.3 42.4
Employment services (1)....... 2,887.8 2,665.3 2,698.4 2,726.1 2,829.5 2,465.6 2,486.9 2,529.5 2,594.6 2,650.3 55.7
Temporary help services...... 2,105.7 1,920.5 1,952.9 1,975.4 2,055.6 1,748.4 1,765.6 1,809.9 1,865.1 1,911.6 46.5
Business support services..... 833.8 791.8 802.7 805.0 816.0 784.5 787.0 785.6 789.4 784.9 -4.5
Services to buildings and
dwellings.................... 1,745.4 1,810.8 1,776.9 1,695.7 1,818.1 1,765.3 1,764.8 1,763.0 1,766.5 1,763.3 -3.2
Waste management and
remediation services.......... 360.8 367.3 365.8 364.5 361.9 362.5 365.1 364.4 364.5 365.0 .5
Education and health services.... 19,242 19,564 19,642 19,626 19,080 19,312 19,348 19,384 19,421 19,456 35
Educational services............ 3,186.1 3,235.1 3,270.7 3,231.2 3,063.1 3,077.7 3,074.3 3,084.6 3,095.1 3,105.9 10.8
Health care and social
assistance.....................16,055.9 16,329.2 16,371.1 16,395.1 16,017.0 16,233.8 16,273.2 16,299.6 16,325.5 16,350.2 24.7
Health care (3)................13,502.4 13,722.1 13,749.1 13,772.0 13,475.9 13,653.3 13,679.1 13,702.3 13,721.4 13,742.9 21.5
Ambulatory health care
services (1)................. 5,758.0 5,896.7 5,913.6 5,939.0 5,742.6 5,855.8 5,873.4 5,885.2 5,899.0 5,921.8 22.8
Offices of physicians........ 2,304.9 2,346.5 2,346.5 2,360.1 2,294.5 2,335.3 2,339.0 2,339.1 2,340.3 2,349.2 8.9
Outpatient care centers...... 537.1 548.3 548.7 550.4 536.7 543.8 543.6 548.0 547.1 549.6 2.5
Home health care services.... 981.3 1,040.0 1,050.4 1,057.1 980.7 1,022.6 1,030.7 1,038.8 1,046.9 1,054.9 8.0
Hospitals..................... 4,708.2 4,741.0 4,747.2 4,747.8 4,703.7 4,723.9 4,729.6 4,735.8 4,739.9 4,741.3 1.4
Nursing and residential care
facilities (1)............... 3,036.2 3,084.4 3,088.3 3,085.2 3,029.6 3,073.6 3,076.1 3,081.3 3,082.5 3,079.8 -2.7
Nursing care facilities...... 1,621.2 1,640.1 1,640.1 1,639.3 1,617.3 1,634.9 1,636.5 1,637.8 1,636.1 1,636.2 .1
Social assistance (1).......... 2,553.5 2,607.1 2,622.0 2,623.1 2,541.1 2,580.5 2,594.1 2,597.3 2,604.1 2,607.3 3.2
Child day care services....... 875.5 867.4 871.9 869.5 864.3 856.3 859.4 856.4 857.0 856.2 -.8
Leisure and hospitality.......... 13,013 13,094 12,882 12,798 13,304 13,163 13,176 13,134 13,121 13,096 -25
Arts, entertainment, and
recreation..................... 1,799.5 1,859.6 1,761.3 1,747.4 1,947.1 1,893.2 1,922.8 1,900.8 1,900.0 1,890.8 -9.2
Performing arts and spectator
sports........................ 387.8 398.8 382.9 378.1 401.4 395.2 399.1 399.1 394.7 392.0 -2.7
Museums, historical sites,
zoos, and parks............... 123.8 132.0 126.1 124.3 130.8 131.0 131.4 131.2 130.7 131.2 .5
Amusements, gambling, and
recreation.................... 1,287.9 1,328.8 1,252.3 1,245.0 1,414.9 1,367.0 1,392.3 1,370.5 1,374.6 1,367.6 -7.0
Accommodation and food services.11,213.3 11,234.3 11,120.4 11,051.0 11,356.5 11,269.5 11,253.6 11,232.9 11,221.4 11,204.8 -16.6
Accommodation.................. 1,739.8 1,698.6 1,652.8 1,647.5 1,794.3 1,714.4 1,709.8 1,703.2 1,698.3 1,696.9 -1.4
Food services and drinking
places........................ 9,473.5 9,535.7 9,467.6 9,403.5 9,562.2 9,555.1 9,543.8 9,529.7 9,523.1 9,507.9 -15.2
Other services................... 5,455 5,377 5,359 5,352 5,477 5,405 5,395 5,381 5,378 5,374 -4
Repair and maintenance......... 1,178.7 1,151.9 1,149.8 1,145.6 1,189.9 1,154.3 1,150.6 1,150.7 1,153.9 1,154.4 .5
Personal and laundry services.. 1,319.7 1,285.1 1,280.4 1,278.6 1,320.9 1,293.4 1,289.6 1,284.5 1,283.5 1,280.4 -3.1
Membership associations and
organizations................. 2,957.0 2,939.8 2,929.0 2,927.6 2,965.7 2,956.8 2,955.1 2,945.6 2,940.3 2,939.3 -1.0
Government....................... 22,894 22,864 22,966 22,816 22,532 22,487 22,448 22,484 22,488 22,467 -21
Federal......................... 2,782 2,855 2,833 2,825 2,778 2,825 2,827 2,844 2,839 2,830 -9
Federal, except U.S. Postal
Service....................... 2,044.9 2,158.9 2,152.2 2,157.1 2,057.3 2,129.3 2,137.0 2,161.0 2,163.7 2,167.0 3.3
U.S. Postal Service............ 737.1 695.7 681.1 667.7 720.9 695.8 689.5 683.3 675.7 663.1 -12.6
State government................ 5,297 5,335 5,352 5,279 5,196 5,172 5,173 5,179 5,180 5,177 -3
State government education..... 2,497.0 2,554.9 2,580.1 2,511.7 2,381.3 2,377.3 2,375.8 2,389.3 2,395.5 2,393.6 -1.9
State government, excluding
education..................... 2,800.1 2,779.9 2,771.8 2,767.6 2,814.8 2,794.3 2,796.7 2,789.9 2,784.6 2,783.0 -1.6
Local government................ 14,815 14,674 14,781 14,712 14,558 14,490 14,448 14,461 14,469 14,460 -9
Local government education..... 8,395.1 8,273.9 8,393.8 8,365.1 8,060.5 8,007.8 7,988.6 8,020.0 8,034.7 8,033.5 -1.2
Local government, excluding
education..................... 6,419.5 6,400.5 6,387.6 6,347.3 6,497.7 6,481.7 6,459.1 6,441.4 6,434.1 6,426.0 -8.1
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Nov. 2009-
Dec. 2009p
Total private......................... 33.2 33.1 33.5 33.1 33.3 33.1 33.1 33.0 33.2 33.2 0.0
Goods-producing........................... 39.4 39.4 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.1 39.6 39.6 .0
Mining and logging............................ 44.2 43.1 44.2 43.7 44.3 43.3 43.2 42.8 43.2 43.5 .3
Construction.................................. 37.3 37.3 37.9 37.1 38.0 37.9 37.5 36.9 37.7 37.7 .0
Manufacturing................................. 40.3 40.4 40.7 40.9 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.4 40.4 .0
Overtime hours............................. 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.4 .0
Durable goods................................ 40.5 40.4 40.8 41.2 40.0 39.9 40.1 40.2 40.5 40.5 .0
Overtime hours............................. 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 .1
Wood products............................... 36.7 38.0 38.2 38.5 36.8 37.7 37.8 37.8 38.1 38.4 .3
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 40.5 41.5 42.8 39.5 40.9 41.3 41.1 40.8 41.9 40.1 -1.8
Primary metals.............................. 40.8 41.3 43.0 43.7 40.5 40.7 40.9 41.4 42.8 43.1 .3
Fabricated metal products................... 40.7 40.0 39.9 40.5 40.3 39.5 39.4 39.6 39.6 39.9 .3
Machinery................................... 41.6 40.4 40.9 41.4 41.1 39.9 39.9 40.2 40.5 40.7 .2
Computer and electronic products............ 41.2 40.7 41.3 41.7 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.6 40.8 40.8 .0
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.7 39.9 40.7 40.8 39.7 39.1 39.4 39.5 40.0 39.7 -.3
Transportation equipment.................... 41.6 42.4 42.2 43.3 40.9 41.6 42.0 42.0 42.2 42.4 .2
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 40.7 42.5 41.9 43.5 39.9 40.8 41.3 41.9 41.9 42.3 .4
Furniture and related products.............. 37.8 38.1 38.3 39.2 37.3 37.5 38.0 38.3 38.5 38.6 .1
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.5 38.6 39.2 39.2 38.3 38.6 38.6 38.6 39.0 38.9 -.1
Nondurable goods............................. 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.6 39.7 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.2 .1
Overtime hours............................. 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 .0
Food manufacturing.......................... 40.2 40.5 40.7 40.7 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.2 .0
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 36.4 36.0 36.8 36.3 36.7 35.4 35.9 36.2 36.1 36.3 .2
Textile mills............................... 37.3 39.3 40.3 39.7 37.0 37.9 37.9 38.9 39.7 39.3 -.4
Textile product mills....................... 37.7 38.0 37.8 38.5 37.1 38.1 38.3 38.1 37.8 38.1 .3
Apparel..................................... 36.1 36.2 36.8 36.2 36.0 35.6 36.0 36.1 36.3 36.1 -.2
Leather and allied products................. 35.4 35.8 35.9 35.8 34.7 33.7 33.2 34.8 35.8 35.1 -.7
Paper and paper products.................... 42.6 42.4 42.7 42.6 41.9 42.0 42.4 42.1 42.2 41.9 -.3
Printing and related support activities..... 38.5 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.0 38.7 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.3 .0
Petroleum and coal products................. 44.6 42.9 43.0 42.8 45.3 44.1 43.0 42.1 42.7 43.2 .5
Chemicals................................... 41.3 41.7 42.0 42.2 41.1 41.4 41.4 41.7 41.7 41.9 .2
Plastics and rubber products................ 40.5 40.9 41.3 41.6 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.9 41.0 .1
Private service-providing................ 32.0 31.9 32.4 32.0 32.2 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 .0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.0 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9 .0
Wholesale trade.............................. 37.7 37.4 38.2 37.5 37.8 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.6 .0
Retail trade................................. 29.9 29.9 29.8 30.0 29.7 29.8 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 36.5 36.3 36.7 37.0 36.2 36.1 36.4 36.3 36.4 36.6 .2
Utilities.................................... 42.9 41.8 42.2 41.8 42.9 41.9 41.5 41.7 41.9 41.7 -.2
Information................................... 36.9 36.3 37.3 36.5 37.0 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.7 36.5 -.2
Financial activities.......................... 35.7 35.7 36.8 35.7 35.9 36.1 35.9 36.0 36.1 35.9 -.2
Professional and business services............ 34.6 34.7 35.4 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.9 34.8 -.1
Education and health services................. 32.3 32.1 32.5 32.2 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 24.5 24.5 24.8 24.4 25.0 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.8 24.8 .0
Other services................................ 30.5 30.5 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 .0
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009p 2009p
Total private........................... $18.40 $18.73 $18.85 $18.82 $610.88 $619.96 $631.48 $622.94
Seasonally adjusted.................... 18.40 18.74 18.77 18.80 612.72 618.42 623.16 624.16
Goods-producing............................. 19.75 20.07 20.09 20.08 778.15 790.76 801.59 797.18
Mining and logging.............................. 23.53 23.21 23.12 23.52 1040.03 1000.35 1021.90 1027.82
Construction.................................... 22.52 23.01 22.87 22.87 840.00 858.27 866.77 848.48
Manufacturing................................... 18.06 18.30 18.43 18.49 727.82 739.32 750.10 756.24
Durable goods.................................. 19.06 19.47 19.61 19.70 771.93 786.59 800.09 811.64
Wood products................................. 14.66 15.10 15.26 15.17 538.02 573.80 582.93 584.05
Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.73 17.35 17.40 17.27 677.57 720.03 744.72 682.17
Primary metals................................ 20.05 20.36 20.61 20.52 818.04 840.87 886.23 896.72
Fabricated metal products..................... 17.36 17.60 17.74 17.89 706.55 704.00 707.83 724.55
Machinery..................................... 18.15 18.56 18.75 18.87 755.04 749.82 766.88 781.22
Computer and electronic products.............. 21.44 22.04 22.24 22.18 883.33 897.03 918.51 924.91
Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.88 16.48 16.60 16.55 646.32 657.55 675.62 675.24
Transportation equipment...................... 24.58 24.87 24.91 25.01 1022.53 1054.49 1051.20 1082.93
Furniture and related products................ 14.92 15.00 14.97 15.19 563.98 571.50 573.35 595.45
Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 15.60 16.21 16.63 16.63 600.60 625.71 651.90 651.90
Nondurable goods............................... 16.43 16.60 16.69 16.70 657.20 668.98 677.61 678.02
Food manufacturing............................ 14.26 14.51 14.48 14.50 573.25 587.66 589.34 590.15
Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.95 20.60 20.84 20.60 726.18 741.60 766.91 747.78
Textile mills................................. 13.80 13.60 13.18 13.22 514.74 534.48 531.15 524.83
Textile product mills......................... 11.72 11.41 11.63 11.78 441.84 433.58 439.61 453.53
Apparel....................................... 11.38 11.15 11.30 11.51 410.82 403.63 415.84 416.66
Leather and allied products................... 13.47 13.83 13.72 13.41 476.84 495.11 492.55 480.08
Paper and paper products...................... 19.11 19.18 19.48 19.55 814.09 813.23 831.80 832.83
Printing and related support activities....... 17.01 16.79 16.86 16.89 654.89 649.77 654.17 655.33
Petroleum and coal products................... 28.17 30.57 30.77 30.73 1256.38 1311.45 1323.11 1315.24
Chemicals..................................... 19.72 20.57 20.77 20.69 814.44 857.77 872.34 873.12
Plastics and rubber products.................. 16.24 15.79 15.96 16.07 657.72 645.81 659.15 668.51
Private service-providing.................. 18.09 18.44 18.58 18.55 578.88 588.24 601.99 593.60
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.14 16.56 16.62 16.54 531.01 544.82 548.46 545.82
Wholesale trade................................ 20.36 21.08 21.40 21.50 767.57 788.39 817.48 806.25
Retail trade................................... 12.74 13.07 13.04 12.98 380.93 390.79 388.59 389.40
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.62 18.74 18.78 18.73 679.63 680.26 689.23 693.01
Utilities...................................... 29.28 29.83 30.06 30.32 1256.11 1246.89 1268.53 1267.38
Information..................................... 24.86 25.74 25.88 25.75 917.33 934.36 965.32 939.88
Financial activities............................ 20.50 20.96 21.18 21.12 731.85 748.27 779.42 753.98
Professional and business services.............. 22.01 22.37 22.67 22.61 761.55 776.24 802.52 784.57
Education and health services................... 19.23 19.59 19.58 19.64 621.13 628.84 636.35 632.41
Leisure and hospitality......................... 11.05 11.22 11.31 11.37 270.73 274.89 280.49 277.43
Other services.................................. 16.27 16.44 16.48 16.57 496.24 501.42 505.94 503.73
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from:
2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Nov. 2009-
Dec. 2009p
Total private:
Current dollars........................ $18.40 $18.66 $18.68 $18.74 $18.77 $18.80 0.2
Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.65 8.58 8.57 8.57 8.54 N.A. (3)
Goods-producing............................. 19.69 19.92 19.92 20.00 20.04 20.03 .0
Mining and logging.............................. 23.23 23.21 23.14 23.33 23.18 23.27 .4
Construction.................................... 22.41 22.63 22.50 22.84 22.80 22.77 -.1
Manufacturing................................... 17.96 18.27 18.36 18.35 18.41 18.40 -.1
Excluding overtime (4)....................... 17.33 17.61 17.70 17.65 17.67 17.66 -.1
Durable goods.................................. 18.94 19.41 19.49 19.52 19.59 19.59 .0
Nondurable goods............................... 16.39 16.60 16.70 16.63 16.68 16.66 -.1
Private service-providing.................. 18.10 18.39 18.41 18.47 18.50 18.54 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 16.31 16.54 16.53 16.58 16.63 16.69 .4
Wholesale trade................................ 20.31 20.99 21.05 21.14 21.29 21.45 .8
Retail trade................................... 12.94 13.10 13.09 13.08 13.11 13.15 .3
Transportation and warehousing................. 18.66 18.67 18.61 18.76 18.73 18.75 .1
Utilities...................................... 29.16 29.79 29.71 29.79 30.02 30.12 .3
Information..................................... 24.91 25.61 25.52 25.66 25.81 25.85 .2
Financial activities............................ 20.53 20.85 20.90 20.98 21.05 21.14 .4
Professional and business services.............. 21.97 22.48 22.57 22.54 22.49 22.55 .3
Education and health services................... 19.20 19.49 19.52 19.59 19.59 19.61 .1
Leisure and hospitality......................... 10.94 11.12 11.21 11.20 11.26 11.25 -.1
Other services.................................. 16.29 16.37 16.41 16.46 16.48 16.53 .3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this
series.
3 Change was -.4 percent from Oct. 2009 to Nov. 2009, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Nov. 2009-
Dec. 2009p
Total private......................... 103.4 99.5 100.8 99.3 103.2 99.0 98.9 98.5 99.1 99.1 0.0
Goods-producing........................... 89.9 81.5 81.7 79.5 90.4 80.5 79.9 79.1 79.9 79.5 -.5
Mining and logging............................ 138.1 118.0 121.2 118.2 139.1 117.8 117.5 115.3 116.9 117.7 .7
Construction.................................. 95.9 88.5 87.9 81.4 99.8 87.2 85.5 83.4 85.0 84.4 -.7
Manufacturing................................. 85.1 76.8 77.1 77.0 84.0 75.7 75.7 75.6 76.0 75.7 -.4
Durable goods................................ 86.2 74.6 75.2 75.7 84.6 73.8 73.9 73.7 74.0 73.7 -.4
Wood products............................... 66.5 60.2 59.9 60.6 66.7 58.6 58.7 59.0 59.5 60.4 1.5
Nonmetallic mineral products................ 81.8 76.4 78.4 69.9 84.0 76.0 75.3 73.2 75.4 72.2 -4.2
Primary metals.............................. 79.1 66.2 69.0 70.5 78.1 65.1 65.2 65.9 68.2 68.9 1.0
Fabricated metal products................... 95.2 80.7 80.2 81.2 93.8 79.7 79.1 79.2 78.8 79.3 .6
Machinery................................... 96.6 76.9 77.6 78.9 94.8 77.2 76.5 76.4 76.4 76.6 .3
Computer and electronic products............ 99.5 88.6 89.7 90.3 96.8 88.9 88.5 88.4 88.3 87.8 -.6
Electrical equipment and appliances......... 86.2 74.0 74.8 74.4 83.8 73.6 73.9 72.9 73.0 71.8 -1.6
Transportation equipment.................... 81.4 71.7 71.5 73.6 79.0 69.8 70.6 70.7 70.7 70.8 .1
Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 63.9 55.5 55.1 57.1 61.3 52.2 52.9 54.2 53.8 53.8 .0
Furniture and related products.............. 67.0 55.4 56.3 57.1 66.1 55.9 56.1 55.9 56.5 56.1 -.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 87.0 82.2 83.5 82.2 85.9 81.7 81.5 81.2 82.0 80.8 -1.5
Nondurable goods............................. 83.4 80.0 80.2 79.4 82.8 78.5 78.4 78.5 78.7 78.6 -.1
Food manufacturing.......................... 99.9 102.3 101.6 100.1 98.6 99.2 98.8 98.9 99.1 98.7 -.4
Beverages and tobacco products.............. 86.9 93.4 91.0 88.1 89.3 85.9 87.9 89.4 88.9 89.2 .3
Textile mills............................... 40.7 38.7 40.0 39.1 40.7 37.2 37.3 38.1 39.2 38.9 -.8
Textile product mills....................... 66.1 59.1 58.8 59.7 65.0 58.9 59.4 58.7 58.2 58.6 .7
Apparel..................................... 51.0 43.8 44.2 43.7 51.3 43.8 43.4 43.4 43.7 43.8 .2
Leather and allied products................. 64.1 57.4 58.0 58.3 62.5 56.3 54.8 55.6 58.2 57.2 -1.7
Paper and paper products.................... 81.4 74.7 74.6 73.8 79.8 74.2 74.8 73.9 73.4 72.3 -1.5
Printing and related support activities..... 82.1 74.3 74.0 73.4 80.6 74.4 73.6 72.7 72.3 72.0 -.4
Petroleum and coal products................. 94.4 92.2 89.7 81.4 98.4 91.3 88.3 87.1 87.7 85.3 -2.7
Chemicals................................... 92.1 88.1 90.0 90.7 91.8 88.2 88.0 88.7 89.6 89.9 .3
Plastics and rubber products................ 81.0 73.0 73.9 74.1 80.2 71.6 72.2 72.1 73.0 72.9 -.1
Private service-providing................. 107.1 104.3 106.2 104.9 107.0 104.2 104.2 104.1 104.5 104.6 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 103.4 97.6 99.3 99.9 100.6 97.4 97.1 97.1 97.1 96.9 -.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 105.6 100.7 102.6 99.9 105.5 100.7 100.2 100.3 100.2 99.7 -.5
Retail trade................................. 101.8 95.2 97.4 99.2 97.1 95.3 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 .0
Transportation and warehousing............... 106.7 100.3 101.2 102.3 104.2 99.2 99.7 99.1 99.3 99.8 .5
Utilities.................................... 99.8 97.0 97.3 95.7 100.2 97.2 96.2 96.7 96.7 95.9 -.8
Information................................... 99.9 93.0 95.5 93.7 99.6 93.8 93.6 93.3 93.8 93.1 -.7
Financial activities.......................... 105.6 101.8 104.6 101.8 106.2 103.0 102.3 102.6 102.7 102.3 -.4
Professional and business services............ 110.5 107.1 109.5 107.3 110.8 105.3 105.3 105.6 107.0 107.1 .1
Education and health services................. 117.4 118.8 120.8 119.6 116.9 117.7 117.9 118.2 118.4 119.0 .5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 103.2 103.9 103.4 100.9 107.8 104.9 106.0 104.6 105.4 105.1 -.3
Other services................................ 97.3 96.2 96.4 95.5 98.3 96.7 96.6 96.2 96.3 96.4 .1
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly
hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail
(2002=100)
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Percent
Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from:
2008 2009 2009p 2009p 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009p 2009p Nov. 2009-
Dec. 2009p
Total private......................... 127.1 124.6 127.0 124.9 126.9 123.4 123.5 123.3 124.3 124.5 0.2
Goods-producing........................... 108.7 100.2 100.6 97.7 109.0 98.2 97.5 96.8 98.1 97.6 -.5
Mining and logging............................ 189.0 159.2 163.0 161.7 188.0 159.0 158.2 156.5 157.5 159.2 1.1
Construction.................................. 116.7 110.0 108.5 100.5 120.8 106.5 103.8 102.9 104.7 103.8 -.9
Manufacturing................................. 100.5 91.9 93.0 93.2 98.7 90.4 90.9 90.7 91.5 91.1 -.4
Durable goods................................ 102.5 90.6 92.1 93.1 100.1 89.4 89.9 89.9 90.5 90.2 -.3
Nondurable goods............................. 96.8 93.9 94.6 93.7 95.9 92.1 92.6 92.2 92.7 92.5 -.2
Private service-providing................. 132.8 131.9 135.3 133.5 132.8 131.4 131.5 131.8 132.6 132.9 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 119.1 115.3 117.7 117.9 117.0 114.9 114.5 114.9 115.1 115.3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 126.6 125.0 129.3 126.5 126.2 124.5 124.3 124.9 125.7 126.0 .2
Retail trade................................. 111.2 106.6 108.9 110.4 107.7 107.0 106.6 106.5 106.8 107.0 .2
Transportation and warehousing............... 126.1 119.3 120.5 121.6 123.3 117.5 117.7 117.9 118.0 118.7 .6
Utilities.................................... 121.9 120.8 122.1 121.2 121.9 120.8 119.3 120.3 121.1 120.6 -.4
Information................................... 123.0 118.4 122.3 119.4 122.8 119.0 118.3 118.5 119.8 119.2 -.5
Financial activities.......................... 133.8 131.9 136.9 133.0 134.9 132.8 132.2 133.1 133.7 133.7 .0
Professional and business services............ 144.7 142.6 147.7 144.3 144.9 140.8 141.4 141.6 143.2 143.7 .3
Education and health services................. 148.5 153.1 155.5 154.5 147.5 150.8 151.3 152.2 152.5 153.4 .6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 129.5 132.3 132.8 130.3 133.9 132.5 135.0 133.1 134.8 134.3 -.4
Other services................................ 115.4 115.2 115.8 115.2 116.6 115.3 115.5 115.4 115.6 116.1 .4
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change
(Percent)
Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 271 industries (1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 52.6 60.1 54.1 58.1 56.8 58.3 58.5 59.2 54.2 55.9 62.7 57.6
2006 .............. 64.9 62.2 63.8 59.8 49.1 51.8 59.2 55.4 55.7 56.3 59.4 60.7
2007 .............. 53.5 55.5 52.4 49.4 55.9 48.3 50.7 46.5 55.9 57.2 59.4 57.9
2008 .............. 42.1 40.6 44.1 41.1 42.6 36.9 37.6 39.1 34.7 33.0 27.1 20.5
2009 .............. 22.1 20.8 19.6 21.8 29.3 25.8 30.3 36.7 39.3 33.8 p42.4 p40.0
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 51.7 57.2 59.0 59.8 57.9 62.0 60.5 62.9 60.3 55.5 56.3 62.7
2006 .............. 67.7 68.6 65.1 65.1 60.5 58.9 55.5 57.0 55.0 54.4 59.0 64.2
2007 .............. 62.5 54.8 54.2 54.8 54.1 50.4 52.8 48.7 53.3 53.9 58.3 62.5
2008 .............. 57.7 44.8 40.2 39.7 37.3 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.9 33.2 26.9 20.8
2009 .............. 18.6 14.2 15.1 15.3 20.3 22.0 22.0 24.5 31.9 31.0 p38.2 p35.8
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 55.4 57.9 58.1 57.0 58.3 60.9 63.1 63.3 61.6 59.6 61.4 62.5
2006 .............. 64.6 63.8 67.5 66.2 65.5 66.6 60.3 61.1 57.9 57.9 62.4 59.0
2007 .............. 60.3 57.2 60.5 58.3 55.5 56.5 52.8 52.4 56.6 54.4 56.8 59.0
2008 .............. 56.6 53.0 50.7 47.4 40.2 33.4 31.0 33.4 30.6 29.0 26.0 24.4
2009 .............. 21.6 17.2 15.1 15.3 15.9 16.6 15.9 20.7 24.0 22.1 p25.3 p29.9
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 60.9 60.9 60.0 59.2 58.3 60.3 61.3 63.3 60.7 59.2 59.8 61.8
2006 .............. 67.2 65.5 65.9 62.9 65.5 66.8 64.8 64.4 66.6 65.9 64.9 66.2
2007 .............. 63.3 59.4 61.1 59.6 59.2 58.3 56.8 57.2 59.4 58.9 58.1 59.6
2008 .............. 54.4 56.1 52.6 49.1 50.2 47.8 43.7 42.3 38.0 37.8 32.3 28.2
2009 .............. 24.0 22.0 19.9 18.1 17.5 17.2 16.2 15.3 16.4 15.3 p15.5 p15.7
Manufacturing payrolls, 83 industries (1)
Over 1-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 46.4 42.2 46.4 40.4 33.7 41.0 43.4 45.8 47.6 44.6 47.0
2006 .............. 57.8 49.4 53.6 47.0 37.3 50.6 49.4 42.2 40.4 42.8 41.0 44.0
2007 .............. 44.6 41.0 30.7 24.7 38.0 32.5 43.4 30.7 39.2 42.8 60.8 48.2
2008 .............. 30.7 28.9 37.3 32.5 40.4 25.3 25.9 27.7 22.9 18.7 15.1 10.2
2009 .............. 6.0 9.6 10.8 16.3 11.4 12.0 24.1 25.9 27.1 20.5 p36.7 p39.8
Over 3-month span:
2005 .............. 36.7 43.4 41.0 41.6 35.5 36.1 34.9 36.7 42.2 44.0 38.6 48.8
2006 .............. 56.6 57.2 48.2 48.2 44.6 50.0 43.4 45.2 36.7 33.1 35.5 39.2
2007 .............. 40.4 33.1 33.1 28.9 29.5 30.1 31.9 28.9 30.7 30.7 39.2 51.2
2008 .............. 48.8 33.7 28.3 29.5 26.5 22.9 19.9 16.9 22.3 21.1 15.1 11.4
2009 .............. 6.0 3.6 3.6 7.8 8.4 12.0 8.4 13.9 19.9 19.3 p26.5 p32.5
Over 6-month span:
2005 .............. 33.7 39.8 38.0 36.1 35.5 34.9 39.8 36.1 36.1 38.0 36.7 39.8
2006 .............. 45.2 45.2 50.6 48.8 50.6 50.0 45.2 47.0 43.4 42.2 39.8 34.3
2007 .............. 37.3 33.1 29.5 28.9 30.7 34.9 28.9 26.5 29.5 28.3 33.7 38.0
2008 .............. 34.3 30.1 37.3 35.5 25.3 20.5 17.5 18.1 16.9 13.3 11.4 9.6
2009 .............. 9.0 4.8 4.8 6.0 4.8 4.8 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 p13.3 p18.1
Over 12-month span:
2005 .............. 45.2 44.0 42.2 41.0 36.7 35.5 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.7 33.7 38.0
2006 .............. 44.0 41.0 41.0 39.8 39.8 45.2 42.2 42.8 47.0 48.8 45.8 44.6
2007 .............. 39.8 36.7 37.3 30.7 28.9 29.5 30.7 28.9 33.1 28.9 34.3 35.5
2008 .............. 27.7 28.9 25.9 25.3 30.7 27.1 24.7 19.3 21.7 21.7 16.9 15.1
2009 .............. 8.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 p3.0 p7.2
1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employ-
ment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
United States Department of Labor
