Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                  USDL-11-0129
 until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 4, 2011
 
 Technical information:
  Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
  Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces
 
 Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov
 
 
                    THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2011


The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 9.0 percent in
January, while nonfarm payroll employment changed little (+36,000),
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment rose in
manufacturing and in retail trade but was down in construction and in
transportation and warehousing. Employment in most other major
industries changed little over the month.


    ________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                |
   |  Changes to The Employment Situation Tables and Data           |
   |                                                                |
   |Changes to The Employment Situation news release tables are     |
   |being introduced with this release. In addition, establishment  |
   |survey data have been revised as a result of the annual bench-  |
   |marking process and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors.|
   |Also, household survey data for January 2011 reflect updated    |
   |population estimates. See the notes at the end of the news      |
   |release for more information about these changes.               |
   |________________________________________________________________|   
   
   
Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate (9.0 percent) declined by 0.4 percentage point
for the second month in a row. (See table A-1.) The number of
unemployed persons decreased by about 600,000 in January to 13.9
million, while the labor force was unchanged. (Based on data adjusted
for updated population controls. See table C.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(8.8 percent), whites (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (11.9 percent)
declined in January. The unemployment rates for adult women (7.9
percent), teenagers (25.7 percent), and blacks (15.7 percent) were
little changed. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.9 percent, not
seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs fell
from 8.9 to 8.5 million in January. The number of long-term unemployed
(those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged down to 6.2 million and
accounted for 43.8 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and A-
12.)

After accounting for the annual adjustment to the population controls,
the employment-population ratio (58.4 percent) rose in January, and
the labor force participation rate (64.2 percent) was unchanged. (See
tables A-1 and C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined
from 8.9 to 8.4 million in January. These individuals were working
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In January, 2.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor
force, up from 2.5 million a year earlier. (These data are not
seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime
in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.0 million discouraged
workers in January, about the same as a year earlier. (These data are
not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available
for them. The remaining 1.8 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in January (+36,000).
Manufacturing and retail trade added jobs over the month, while
employment declined in construction and in transportation and
warehousing. Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll
employment has increased by an average of 93,000 per month. (See table
B-1.)

Manufacturing added 49,000 jobs in January. Over the month, job gains
occurred in durable goods, including motor vehicles and parts
(+20,000), fabricated metal products (+13,000), machinery (+10,000),
and computer and electronic products (+5,000). Employment in
nondurable goods manufacturing declined by 13,000 over the month.

Employment in retail trade rose by 28,000 in January, after changing
little in December. Retail trade has added 123,000 jobs since its
recent low point in December 2009. In January, employment in clothing
stores increased by 15,000.

Health care employment continued to trend up over the month (+11,000).
Over the prior 12 months, health care had added an average of 22,000
jobs per month.

In January, construction employment declined by 32,000. Within
construction, there were job losses among nonresidential specialty
trade contractors (-22,000) and in construction of buildings 
(-10,000). Employment in construction may have been impacted by severe
winter weather affecting parts of the country during the survey
reference period. (See the Frequently Asked Questions.)

Transportation and warehousing employment fell by 38,000 in January,
reflecting a sharp decline among couriers and messengers (-45,000).
Couriers and messengers had an unusually large job gain in December,
followed by layoffs of a similar magnitude in January.

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary
help services was little changed in January (-11,000).  Temporary help
had added an average of 25,000 jobs per month over the prior 12
months.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
fell by 0.1 hour to 34.2 hours in January. The manufacturing workweek
for all employees rose by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, while factory
overtime remained at 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by
0.1 hour to 33.4 hours; the workweek fell by 1.0 hour in construction,
likely reflecting severe winter weather. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private
nonfarm payrolls increased by 8 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $22.86. Over
the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
1.9 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector
production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.5
percent, to $19.34. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was
revised from +71,000 to +93,000, and the change for December was
revised from +103,000 to +121,000. Monthly revisions result from
additional sample reports and the monthly recalculation of seasonal
factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to these
revisions.

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on
Friday, March 4, 2011, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 


    ___________________________________________________________________________
   |                                                                           |
   |                  Changes to Household Survey Data                         |
   |                                                                           |
   |Effective with this release, two additional data series--"Self-employed    |
   |workers, unincorporated" and "Self-employed workers, incorporated"--have   |
   |been added to table A-9.                                                   |
   |                                                                           |
   |Also, in table A-8, the data series currently labeled "Self-employed work- |
   |ers" (one for Agriculture and related industries and one for Nonagricul-   |
   |tural industries) have been renamed "Self-employed workers, unincorpor-    |
   |ated." This is strictly a change in title and not in definition; the data  |
   |shown were not be affected. This change was made to clarify that these data|
   |only include persons operating unincorporated businesses. A similar title  |
   |change was made to one data series in table A-14.                          |
   |                                                                           |
   |In addition, a change affecting data collected on unemployment duration    |
   |was introduced in the household survey in January 2011. Previously, the    |
   |Current Population Survey could record unemployment durations of up to 2   |
   |years. Starting with data collected for January 2011, the survey can record|
   |unemployment durations of up to 5 years. This change affects one data      |
   |series in this news release: the average (mean) duration of unemployment,  |
   |which is found in table A-12. The change does not affect the estimate of   |
   |total unemployment or other data series on duration of unemployment. Add-  |
   |itional information is available at www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.          |
   |                                                                           |
   |Beginning with data for January 2011, occupation estimates in table A-13   |
   |reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupation classification      |
   |system into the household survey. This occupation classification system is |
   |derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system. Histor- |
   |ical data have not been revised.                                           |
   |___________________________________________________________________________|
 

                                                                               
                        Revisions to Establishment Survey Data                 
                                                                               
                                                                               
  In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have       
  been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs, or    
  benchmarks.  These counts are derived principally from unemployment insur-   
  ance tax records for March 2010.  As a result of the benchmark process, all  
  not seasonally adjusted data series were subject to revision from April 2009 
  forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established.  In       
  addition, with this release, the seasonally adjusted establishment survey    
  data from January 2006 forward were subject to revision due to the           
  introduction of updated seasonal adjustment factors.                         
                                                                               
  Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally ad-   
  justed basis for January through December 2010.  The revised data for April  
  2010 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured  
  by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated net business    
  birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors.  The      
  November and December 2010 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation  
  of additional sample receipts into the November final and December second    
  preliminary estimates.  The total nonfarm employment level for March 2010 was
  revised downward by 378,000 (411,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis).  The   
  previously published level for December 2010 was revised downward by 452,000 
  (483,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis).                                    
                                                                               
  An article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions, as     
  well as all revised historical Current Employment Statistics (CES) data,     
  can be accessed through the CES homepage at www.bls.gov/ces/. Information on 
  the revisions released today also may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6555. 
                                                                               
  
  Table A.  Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2010,      
  seasonally adjusted                                                          
                                                                               
  (In thousands)                                                               
  _______________________________________________________________________      
                 |                     |                                       
                 |       Level         |      Over-the-month change            
                 |---------------------|---------------------------------      
   Year and month|    As    |          |    As    |          |                 
                 |previously|    As    |previously|    As    | Difference      
                 |published |  revised |published |  revised |                 
  _______________|__________|__________|__________|__________|___________      
                 |          |          |          |          |                 
       2010      |          |          |          |          |                 
  January........| 129,602  |  129,281 |     14   |   -39    |   -53           
  February.......| 129,641  |  129,246 |     39   |   -35    |   -74           
  March..........| 129,849  |  129,438 |    208   |   192    |   -16           
  April..........| 130,162  |  129,715 |    313   |   277    |   -36           
  May............| 130,594  |  130,173 |    432   |   458    |    26           
  June...........| 130,419  |  129,981 |   -175   |  -192    |   -17           
  July...........| 130,353  |  129,932 |    -66   |   -49    |    17           
  August.........| 130,352  |  129,873 |     -1   |   -59    |   -58           
  September......| 130,328  |  129,844 |    -24   |   -29    |    -5           
  October........| 130,538  |  130,015 |    210   |   171    |   -39           
  November.......| 130,609  |  130,108 |     71   |    93    |    22           
  December (p)...| 130,712  |  130,229 |    103   |   121    |    18           
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------      
      p = preliminary.                                                         
 
 
 
            Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey
 
 
 Effective with data for January 2011, updated population estimates have been used
 in the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are devel-
 oped by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates
 to reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population
 during the decade. The change in population reflected in the new estimates results
 from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics and
 other information, and some methodological changes in the estimation process.
 
 The population control adjustments introduced with household survey data for 
 January 2011 were applied to the population base determined by Census 2000. The
 results from Census 2010 will not be incorporated into the household survey pop-
 ulation controls until the release of data for January 2012.
 
 In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household
 survey estimates for December 2010 and earlier months. To show the impact of the
 population adjustment, however, differences in selected December 2010 labor force
 series based on the old and new population estimates are shown in table B. The
 adjustment decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population
 in December by 347,000, the civilian labor force by 504,000, and employment by
 472,000; the new population estimates had a negligible impact on unemployment rates
 and most other percentage estimates. Data users are cautioned that these annual pop-
 ulation adjustments affect the comparability of household data series over time.
 Estimates of large levels, such as total labor force and employment, are impacted
 most. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population estimates on
 the changes in selected labor force measures between December 2010 and January 2011.
 Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national
 labor force estimates are available at www.bls.gov/cps/cps11adj.pdf. 
 
 
 
 Table B.  Effect of the updated population controls on December 2010 estimates by sex, race,
 and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted                                   
                                                                             
 (Numbers in thousands)                                                      
                                                                             
 ____________________________________________________________________________________________
                                      |     |     |      |      |        |       |           
                                      |     |     |      |      |  Black |       |           
                                      |     |     |      |      |    or  |       |  Hispanic 
                                      |Total| Men | Women| White| African| Asian | or Latino 
               Category               |     |     |      |      |American|       | ethnicity 
                                      |     |     |      |      |        |       |           
 _____________________________________|_____|_____|______|______|________|_______|___________
                                      |     |     |      |      |        |       |           
 Civilian noninstitutional population.|-347 |  10 | -357 | -328 |   19   |  -24  |   -269    
   Civilian labor force...............|-504 |-302 | -203 | -482 |    7   |  -24  |   -236    
     Participation rate...............| -.1 | -.3 |   .0 |  -.1 |   .0   |  -.1  |    -.2    
    Employed..........................|-472 |-285 | -187 | -450 |    6   |  -23  |   -220    
     Employment-population ratio......| -.1 | -.3 |   .0 |  -.1 |   .0   |  -.1  |    -.2    
    Unemployed........................|- 32 | -17 |  -15 |  -32 |    2   |   -2  |    -16    
     Unemployment rate. ..............|  .0 |  .0 |   .0 |   .0 |   .0   |   .0  |     .1    
   Not in the labor force             | 157 | 312 | -155 |  153 |   11   |    1  |    -33    
 _____________________________________|_____|_____|______|______|________|_______|___________
 
    NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups
 (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
 for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
 
 
 
 Table C.  December 2010-January 2011 changes in selected labor force        
 measures, with adjustments for population control effects                   
                                                                             
 (Numbers in thousands)                                                      
                                                                             
 ____________________________________________________________________________
                                      |           |            |             
                                      |           |            |  Dec.-Jan.  
                                      | Dec.-Jan. |    2011    |   change,   
                                      |  change   | population |  after re-  
               Category               |    as     |   control  |  moving the 
                                      | published |   effect   |  population 
                                      |           |            |   control   
                                      |           |            |  effect (1) 
 _____________________________________|___________|____________|_____________
                                      |           |            |             
                                      |           |            |             
 Civilian noninstitutional population.|    -185   |    -347    |     162     
   Civilian labor force...............|    -504   |    -504    |       0     
     Participation rate...............|     -.1   |     -.1    |      .0     
    Employed..........................|     117   |    -472    |     589     
     Employment-population ratio......|      .1   |     -.1    |      .2     
    Unemployed........................|    -622   |     -32    |    -590     
      Unemployment rate...............|     -.4   |      .0    |     -.4     
   Not in the labor force             |     319   |     157    |     162     
 _____________________________________|___________|____________|_____________
                                                                             
    1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population 
 control effect from the published over-the-month change.
 
 
 

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Change from: Dec. 2010- Jan. 2011
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,832	238,715	238,889	238,704	-
Civilian labor force	153,353	153,950	153,690	153,186	-
Participation rate	64.8	64.5	64.3	64.2	-
Employed	138,511	138,909	139,206	139,323	-
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.2	58.3	58.4	-
Unemployed	14,842	15,041	14,485	13,863	-
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.8	9.4	9.0	-
Not in labor force	83,479	84,765	85,199	85,518	-
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	9.7	9.8	9.4	9.0	-
Adult men (20 years and over)	10.0	9.9	9.4	8.8	-
Adult women (20 years and over)	7.8	8.3	8.1	7.9	-
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	26.2	24.5	25.4	25.7	-
White	8.7	8.9	8.5	8.0	-
Black or African American	16.4	16.0	15.8	15.7	-
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)	8.4	7.6	7.2	6.9	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	12.5	13.2	13.0	11.9	-
Total, 25 years and over	8.2	8.4	8.1	7.6	-
Less than a high school diploma	15.1	15.7	15.3	14.2	-
High school graduates, no college	10.1	10.0	9.8	9.4	-
Some college or associate degree	8.5	8.7	8.1	8.0	-
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.8	5.1	4.8	4.2	-
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	9,287	9,471	8,923	8,519	-
Job leavers	908	864	914	910	-
Reentrants	3,603	3,427	3,408	3,357	-
New entrants	1,210	1,269	1,311	1,351	-
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,915	2,824	2,725	2,678	-
5 to 14 weeks	3,346	3,336	3,184	3,016	-
15 to 26 weeks	2,614	2,515	2,205	2,285	-
27 weeks and over	6,302	6,328	6,441	6,210	-
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	8,367	8,960	8,931	8,407	-
Slack work or business conditions	5,831	6,025	6,011	5,771	-
Could only find part-time work	2,271	2,557	2,568	2,510	-
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,521	18,326	18,184	17,929	-
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,539	2,531	2,609	2,800	-
Discouraged workers	1,065	1,282	1,318	993	-
- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	-39	93	121	36
Total private	-42	128	139	50
Goods-producing	-48	8	-7	18
Mining and logging	5	1	-4	1
Construction	-62	-8	-17	-32
Manufacturing	9	15	14	49
Durable goods(1)	15	16	14	62
Motor vehicles and parts	24.3	-1.9	-2.3	20.4
Nondurable goods	-6	-1	0	-13
Private service-providing(1)	6	120	146	32
Wholesale trade	-21.3	8.3	4.6	9.2
Retail trade	35.1	-15.6	2.8	27.5
Transportation and warehousing	-39.5	22.1	48.6	-38.0
Information	-5	2	0	-1
Financial activities	-16	-1	0	-10
Professional and business services(1)	31	85	54	31
Temporary help services	56.6	26.8	38.1	-11.4
Education and health services(1)	19	37	23	13
Health care and social assistance	12.4	30.9	27.9	12.9
Leisure and hospitality	-1	-15	8	-3
Other services	3	-2	3	5
Government	3	-35	-18	-14
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2) AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees	50.0	49.7	49.6	49.6
Total private women employees	48.5	48.2	48.2	48.2
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.0	34.2	34.3	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$22.44	$22.76	$22.78	$22.86
Average weekly earnings	$762.96	$778.39	$781.35	$781.81
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	91.0	92.4	92.8	92.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.2	0.4	-0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	97.4	100.3	100.8	100.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	-0.2	0.5	0.1
HOURS AND EARNINGS PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.3	33.5	33.5	33.4
Average hourly earnings	$18.91	$19.24	$19.24	$19.34
Average weekly earnings	$629.70	$644.54	$644.54	$645.96
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)	97.9	99.5	99.6	99.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)	123.7	127.9	128.0	128.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX(5) (Over 1-month span)
Total private	46.1	57.7	59.4	59.4
Manufacturing	38.9	58.0	61.7	69.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

    Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates


Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The
establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on
the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because
of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of
about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey,
while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household
survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive
scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants.
However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to
identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to de-
termine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does
include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not
include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at
the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment
survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately suc-
ceeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents
in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more informa-
tion on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revi-
sion that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available
from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for
sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the
annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
  
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account 
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net 
jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of
the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sam-
pling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new
businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a
new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection.
BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of house-
holds. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available
to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are in-
cluded even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or ques-
tion relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, severe weather is likely to have more of an impact on
hours than employment. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the esti-
mate of payroll employment, employees have to be off work for the entire pay 
period that includes the 12th of the month and not be paid. About half of all
employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period.
Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted
in the payroll employment figures. While some persons may be off payrolls during
the pay period due to severe weather, others, such as those dealing with cleanup
and repair activities, may be added to payrolls. Hours are impacted to the extent
that time away from work is unpaid.

In the household survey, the reference period is the calendar week (generally) in-
cluding the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week’s work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off.
The household survey collects data on the number of people who usually work full time
but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. Current
and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested statistics
page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employ-
ment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey 
provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemploy-
ment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a 
sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Cen-
sus Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural busi-
ness establishments. The sample includes about 140,000 businesses and 
government agencies representing approximately 410,000 worksites and is 
drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment  in-
surance tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately one-
third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular 
week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is 
generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. 
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period 
including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employ-
ed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 
bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the follow-
ing criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they 
were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts 
to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need 
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment 
data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eli-
gibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed per-
sons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a per-
cent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-popula-
tion ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional 
information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/
cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as
well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees
on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsu-
pervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defin-
ed as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and 
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory em-
ployees in private service-providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s princi-
pal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American 
Industry Classification System. Additional information about the estab-
lishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the es-
tablishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and re-
calculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revi-
sions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,0001. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confi-
dence interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to 
+150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,0002). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is
about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies
within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in
fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employ-
ment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is 
likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in 
fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, 
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemploy-
ment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 280,000, and for 
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/-0.19 per-
centage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The pre-
cision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over 
time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwill-
ingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely 
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collec-
tion or processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only
after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly 
all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is consi-
dered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment
survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment
generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestima-
tion of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two compo-
nents is used to account for business births. The first component 
excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from 
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based esti-
mation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out 
of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the 
other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the 
net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to
estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for 
by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and 
test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance 
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net 
of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are ad-
justed once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll
employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment
insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based em-
ployment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a bench-
mark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. 
The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of 
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions  for 
total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 
-0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory im-
paired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal 
Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	236,832	238,889	238,704	236,832	238,322	238,530	238,715	238,889	238,704
Civilian labor force	152,957	153,156	152,536	153,353	154,124	153,960	153,950	153,690	153,186
Participation rate	64.6	64.1	63.9	64.8	64.7	64.5	64.5	64.3	64.2
Employed	136,809	139,159	137,599	138,511	139,378	139,084	138,909	139,206	139,323
Employment-population ratio	57.8	58.3	57.6	58.5	58.5	58.3	58.2	58.3	58.4
Unemployed	16,147	13,997	14,937	14,842	14,746	14,876	15,041	14,485	13,863
Unemployment rate	10.6	9.1	9.8	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4	9.0
Not in labor force	83,876	85,733	86,168	83,479	84,198	84,570	84,765	85,199	85,518
Persons who currently want a job	6,108	6,212	6,643	5,912	6,236	6,279	6,248	6,471	6,410
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	114,648	115,731	115,828	114,648	115,433	115,542	115,640	115,731	115,828
Civilian labor force	81,238	81,504	81,103	81,456	82,165	82,000	81,986	81,845	81,544
Participation rate	70.9	70.4	70.0	71.0	71.2	71.0	70.9	70.7	70.4
Employed	71,216	73,226	72,307	72,667	73,594	73,470	73,337	73,600	73,800
Employment-population ratio	62.1	63.3	62.4	63.4	63.8	63.6	63.4	63.6	63.7
Unemployed	10,021	8,278	8,796	8,789	8,571	8,530	8,649	8,245	7,744
Unemployment rate	12.3	10.2	10.8	10.8	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.1	9.5
Not in labor force	33,410	34,228	34,725	33,191	33,268	33,542	33,653	33,886	34,284
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	105,998	107,216	107,203	105,998	106,887	107,007	107,114	107,216	107,203
Civilian labor force	78,451	78,780	78,346	78,386	79,289	79,016	78,980	78,906	78,506
Participation rate	74.0	73.5	73.1	74.0	74.2	73.8	73.7	73.6	73.2
Employed	69,337	71,235	70,360	70,525	71,559	71,365	71,130	71,480	71,589
Employment-population ratio	65.4	66.4	65.6	66.5	66.9	66.7	66.4	66.7	66.8
Unemployed	9,113	7,545	7,986	7,861	7,729	7,651	7,849	7,426	6,917
Unemployment rate	11.6	9.6	10.2	10.0	9.7	9.7	9.9	9.4	8.8
Not in labor force	27,548	28,436	28,857	27,612	27,599	27,991	28,134	28,310	28,698
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,185	123,158	122,876	122,185	122,889	122,988	123,075	123,158	122,876
Civilian labor force	71,719	71,653	71,433	71,897	71,959	71,960	71,964	71,845	71,642
Participation rate	58.7	58.2	58.1	58.8	58.6	58.5	58.5	58.3	58.3
Employed	65,593	65,933	65,292	65,844	65,784	65,613	65,572	65,605	65,523
Employment-population ratio	53.7	53.5	53.1	53.9	53.5	53.3	53.3	53.3	53.3
Unemployed	6,126	5,719	6,141	6,053	6,175	6,346	6,392	6,240	6,119
Unemployment rate	8.5	8.0	8.6	8.4	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.7	8.5
Not in labor force	50,466	51,505	51,443	50,288	50,930	51,028	51,112	51,313	51,234
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	113,796	114,894	114,637	113,796	114,596	114,704	114,801	114,894	114,637
Civilian labor force	68,991	68,999	68,842	68,958	69,082	69,018	69,151	69,027	68,839
Participation rate	60.6	60.1	60.1	60.6	60.3	60.2	60.2	60.1	60.0
Employed	63,437	63,809	63,300	63,549	63,562	63,400	63,385	63,428	63,392
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.5	55.2	55.8	55.5	55.3	55.2	55.2	55.3
Unemployed	5,553	5,190	5,542	5,409	5,520	5,618	5,766	5,599	5,447
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.5	8.1	7.8	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.1	7.9
Not in labor force	44,806	45,895	45,795	44,838	45,514	45,687	45,651	45,867	45,798
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,038	16,780	16,863	17,038	16,839	16,819	16,800	16,780	16,863
Civilian labor force	5,515	5,378	5,348	6,009	5,754	5,927	5,820	5,757	5,841
Participation rate	32.4	32.0	31.7	35.3	34.2	35.2	34.6	34.3	34.6
Employed	4,034	4,116	3,939	4,438	4,256	4,319	4,393	4,298	4,341
Employment-population ratio	23.7	24.5	23.4	26.0	25.3	25.7	26.2	25.6	25.7
Unemployed	1,481	1,262	1,409	1,572	1,497	1,607	1,426	1,460	1,500
Unemployment rate	26.9	23.5	26.3	26.2	26.0	27.1	24.5	25.4	25.7
Not in labor force	11,522	11,402	11,516	11,028	11,085	10,893	10,980	11,022	11,022
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	191,454	192,749	192,516	191,454	192,391	192,527	192,641	192,749	192,516
Civilian labor force	124,498	124,309	123,696	124,735	125,333	124,914	124,824	124,700	124,192
Participation rate	65.0	64.5	64.3	65.2	65.1	64.9	64.8	64.7	64.5
Employed	112,546	114,035	112,754	113,940	114,433	113,975	113,728	114,079	114,197
Employment-population ratio	58.8	59.2	58.6	59.5	59.5	59.2	59.0	59.2	59.3
Unemployed	11,952	10,274	10,942	10,795	10,899	10,940	11,096	10,620	9,995
Unemployment rate	9.6	8.3	8.8	8.7	8.7	8.8	8.9	8.5	8.0
Not in labor force	66,956	68,439	68,820	66,719	67,058	67,612	67,817	68,049	68,325
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,877	64,978	64,551	64,814	65,579	65,215	65,088	65,041	64,673
Participation rate	74.5	73.9	73.5	74.4	74.8	74.3	74.1	74.0	73.6
Employed	57,937	59,280	58,584	58,917	59,759	59,425	59,137	59,484	59,586
Employment-population ratio	66.5	67.4	66.7	67.6	68.1	67.7	67.3	67.7	67.8
Unemployed	6,940	5,698	5,968	5,897	5,820	5,790	5,951	5,557	5,086
Unemployment rate	10.7	8.8	9.2	9.1	8.9	8.9	9.1	8.5	7.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,135	54,927	54,728	55,017	54,961	54,846	54,953	54,914	54,686
Participation rate	60.4	59.7	59.6	60.2	59.8	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.6
Employed	51,202	51,261	50,791	51,265	51,000	50,835	50,817	50,920	50,878
Employment-population ratio	56.1	55.7	55.3	56.1	55.5	55.3	55.2	55.3	55.4
Unemployed	3,933	3,667	3,937	3,752	3,961	4,012	4,136	3,994	3,808
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.7	7.2	6.8	7.2	7.3	7.5	7.3	7.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,486	4,404	4,417	4,904	4,793	4,853	4,783	4,746	4,833
Participation rate	34.5	34.4	34.3	37.7	37.3	37.8	37.3	37.1	37.5
Employed	3,406	3,494	3,380	3,758	3,674	3,715	3,775	3,676	3,732
Employment-population ratio	26.2	27.3	26.2	28.9	28.6	29.0	29.5	28.7	29.0
Unemployed	1,080	910	1,037	1,146	1,119	1,138	1,008	1,070	1,100
Unemployment rate	24.1	20.7	23.5	23.4	23.3	23.4	21.1	22.5	22.8
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	28,526	28,896	28,947	28,526	28,794	28,831	28,865	28,896	28,947
Civilian labor force	17,702	17,835	17,757	17,765	17,777	17,946	18,020	17,958	17,857
Participation rate	62.1	61.7	61.3	62.3	61.7	62.2	62.4	62.1	61.7
Employed	14,643	15,120	14,819	14,843	14,920	15,127	15,142	15,119	15,048
Employment-population ratio	51.3	52.3	51.2	52.0	51.8	52.5	52.5	52.3	52.0
Unemployed	3,059	2,715	2,938	2,922	2,857	2,818	2,878	2,839	2,809
Unemployment rate	17.3	15.2	16.5	16.4	16.1	15.7	16.0	15.8	15.7
Not in labor force	10,824	11,061	11,190	10,761	11,017	10,885	10,845	10,939	11,090
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,017	8,079	8,070	7,978	8,066	8,072	8,099	8,106	8,054
Participation rate	69.6	68.8	68.5	69.3	69.1	69.0	69.1	69.1	68.3
Employed	6,451	6,758	6,589	6,569	6,661	6,763	6,753	6,764	6,723
Employment-population ratio	56.0	57.6	55.9	57.0	57.1	57.8	57.6	57.6	57.1
Unemployed	1,565	1,321	1,481	1,409	1,405	1,309	1,346	1,341	1,331
Unemployment rate	19.5	16.4	18.4	17.7	17.4	16.2	16.6	16.5	16.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,998	9,141	9,086	9,036	9,101	9,173	9,228	9,204	9,146
Participation rate	62.8	62.9	62.5	63.1	62.9	63.3	63.6	63.3	62.9
Employed	7,803	7,998	7,911	7,846	7,948	7,998	8,017	7,993	7,966
Employment-population ratio	54.5	55.0	54.4	54.8	54.9	55.2	55.2	55.0	54.8
Unemployed	1,194	1,143	1,175	1,190	1,152	1,176	1,211	1,211	1,179
Unemployment rate	13.3	12.5	12.9	13.2	12.7	12.8	13.1	13.2	12.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	687	615	601	751	611	700	693	648	658
Participation rate	25.6	23.4	22.9	28.0	23.1	26.5	26.3	24.6	25.1
Employed	388	365	319	428	310	366	372	361	359
Employment-population ratio	14.5	13.9	12.2	15.9	11.7	13.9	14.1	13.7	13.7
Unemployed	299	250	282	323	300	334	321	287	299
Unemployment rate	43.5	40.7	46.9	43.0	49.2	47.7	46.3	44.2	45.4
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	10,950	11,387	11,351	-	-	-	-	-	-
Civilian labor force	7,020	7,355	7,354	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	64.1	64.6	64.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	6,431	6,829	6,846	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	58.7	60.0	60.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	589	526	509	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.2	6.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in labor force	3,930	4,032	3,997	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,251	34,188	34,001	33,251	33,927	34,014	34,102	34,188	34,001
Civilian labor force	22,505	22,929	22,714	22,595	22,896	22,814	22,915	22,868	22,823
Participation rate	67.7	67.1	66.8	68.0	67.5	67.1	67.2	66.9	67.1
Employed	19,373	19,957	19,711	19,764	20,042	19,936	19,899	19,906	20,099
Employment-population ratio	58.3	58.4	58.0	59.4	59.1	58.6	58.4	58.2	59.1
Unemployed	3,132	2,972	3,003	2,831	2,854	2,878	3,016	2,962	2,724
Unemployment rate	13.9	13.0	13.2	12.5	12.5	12.6	13.2	13.0	11.9
Not in labor force	10,746	11,259	11,287	10,656	11,031	11,201	11,188	11,320	11,178
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	12,769	13,115	12,865	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	82.6	82.3	81.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	11,003	11,431	11,196	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	71.2	71.7	71.2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,766	1,684	1,669	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	13.8	12.8	13.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,776	8,880	8,892	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	60.2	59.2	59.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	7,767	7,892	7,873	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	53.3	52.7	52.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,009	988	1,019	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	11.5	11.1	11.5	-	-	-	-	-	-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	960	934	957	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	29.8	28.6	28.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	602	633	642	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	18.7	19.4	19.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	357	300	315	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	37.2	32.2	32.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	12,014	11,773	11,437	11,858	11,828	11,800	11,803	11,758	11,383
Participation rate	46.1	46.1	45.3	45.5	46.7	47.0	46.6	46.0	45.1
Employed	9,898	9,924	9,545	10,068	10,003	9,995	9,955	9,963	9,770
Employment-population ratio	38.0	38.9	37.8	38.7	39.5	39.8	39.3	39.0	38.7
Unemployed	2,116	1,850	1,892	1,790	1,824	1,805	1,848	1,795	1,613
Unemployment rate	17.6	15.7	16.5	15.1	15.4	15.3	15.7	15.3	14.2
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	38,285	38,231	37,747	37,818	38,151	38,051	37,824	38,203	37,513
Participation rate	62.0	60.9	60.7	61.2	61.9	61.6	61.1	60.9	60.3
Employed	33,879	34,470	33,724	34,001	34,331	34,225	34,035	34,465	33,972
Employment-population ratio	54.8	54.9	54.2	55.0	55.7	55.4	55.0	54.9	54.6
Unemployed	4,406	3,761	4,023	3,817	3,820	3,826	3,789	3,738	3,541
Unemployment rate	11.5	9.8	10.7	10.1	10.0	10.1	10.0	9.8	9.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,584	36,763	36,701	36,751	37,115	37,120	37,037	36,809	36,841
Participation rate	71.1	70.1	70.0	71.4	70.5	70.0	69.8	70.2	70.2
Employed	33,292	33,869	33,591	33,630	33,746	33,972	33,832	33,821	33,878
Employment-population ratio	64.7	64.6	64.0	65.4	64.1	64.0	63.8	64.5	64.6
Unemployed	3,292	2,894	3,109	3,121	3,369	3,148	3,205	2,988	2,963
Unemployment rate	9.0	7.9	8.5	8.5	9.1	8.5	8.7	8.1	8.0
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	45,925	46,310	46,288	45,908	46,488	46,132	46,322	46,312	46,263
Participation rate	77.0	76.9	76.4	77.0	76.5	76.1	76.6	76.9	76.4
Employed	43,574	44,170	44,226	43,705	44,405	43,971	43,952	44,095	44,322
Employment-population ratio	73.1	73.4	73.0	73.3	73.0	72.6	72.7	73.2	73.2
Unemployed	2,351	2,140	2,062	2,203	2,083	2,161	2,370	2,217	1,941
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.6	4.5	4.8	4.5	4.7	5.1	4.8	4.2
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	22,186	21,797	20,410	20,003	1,776	1,794
Civilian labor force	11,860	11,429	10,755	10,228	1,104	1,201
Participation rate	53.5	52.4	52.7	51.1	62.2	66.9
Employed	10,724	10,294	9,743	9,206	981	1,088
Employment-population ratio	48.3	47.2	47.7	46.0	55.2	60.7
Unemployed	1,136	1,135	1,012	1,022	124	112
Unemployment rate	9.6	9.9	9.4	10.0	11.2	9.4
Not in labor force	10,326	10,368	9,655	9,775	672	593
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,091	2,285	1,764	1,896	327	389
Civilian labor force	1,690	1,835	1,456	1,550	234	286
Participation rate	80.8	80.3	82.5	81.7	71.6	73.4
Employed	1,477	1,557	1,276	1,310	201	247
Employment-population ratio	70.6	68.1	72.3	69.1	61.5	63.5
Unemployed	213	278	180	240	33	39
Unemployment rate	12.6	15.2	12.4	15.5	14.2	13.5
Not in labor force	401	450	308	346	93	103
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,861	2,915	2,375	2,447	485	468
Civilian labor force	2,491	2,479	2,105	2,095	386	384
Participation rate	87.1	85.0	88.6	85.6	79.6	82.0
Employed	2,257	2,287	1,902	1,924	354	363
Employment-population ratio	78.9	78.4	80.1	78.6	73.0	77.6
Unemployed	235	192	203	171	32	21
Unemployment rate	9.4	7.7	9.6	8.2	8.3	5.4
Not in labor force	369	437	270	352	99	84
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	11,233	10,726	10,852	10,380	381	346
Civilian labor force	4,149	3,796	4,030	3,664	119	132
Participation rate	36.9	35.4	37.1	35.3	31.1	38.2
Employed	3,765	3,433	3,660	3,314	105	119
Employment-population ratio	33.5	32.0	33.7	31.9	27.6	34.4
Unemployed	384	364	371	351	13	13
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.6	9.2	9.6	11.2	9.8
Not in labor force	7,084	6,930	6,822	6,716	262	214
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,001	5,870	5,418	5,280	583	590
Civilian labor force	3,529	3,318	3,164	2,919	365	399
Participation rate	58.8	56.5	58.4	55.3	62.7	67.6
Employed	3,225	3,017	2,905	2,658	320	359
Employment-population ratio	53.7	51.4	53.6	50.3	55.0	60.8
Unemployed	304	301	259	261	45	40
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.1	8.2	8.9	12.3	10.1
Not in labor force	2,472	2,552	2,255	2,361	218	191
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	205,694	207,979	89,718	91,225	115,976	116,755
Civilian labor force	139,297	139,440	69,629	70,029	69,668	69,411
Participation rate	67.7	67.0	77.6	76.8	60.1	59.5
Employed	124,767	126,079	60,879	62,493	63,888	63,586
Employment-population ratio	60.7	60.6	67.9	68.5	55.1	54.5
Unemployed	14,530	13,361	8,750	7,536	5,780	5,825
Unemployment rate	10.4	9.6	12.6	10.8	8.3	8.4
Not in labor force	66,397	68,539	20,089	21,196	46,308	47,344
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	26,952	26,885	209,880	211,819
Civilian labor force	5,877	5,406	147,079	147,130
Participation rate	21.8	20.1	70.1	69.5
Employed	4,987	4,669	131,823	132,930
Employment-population ratio	18.5	17.4	62.8	62.8
Unemployed	891	737	15,257	14,201
Unemployment rate	15.2	13.6	10.4	9.7
Not in labor force	21,075	21,479	62,801	64,689
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,666	2,457	74,910	74,840
Participation rate	36.5	33.8	82.6	82.0
Employed	2,208	2,106	65,649	66,669
Employment-population ratio	30.2	29.0	72.4	73.0
Unemployed	458	351	9,261	8,171
Unemployment rate	17.2	14.3	12.4	10.9
Not in labor force	4,642	4,805	15,816	16,448
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,366	2,178	66,326	66,162
Participation rate	31.7	29.4	71.4	70.9
Employed	2,029	1,839	60,731	60,565
Employment-population ratio	27.2	24.8	65.4	64.9
Unemployed	337	339	5,594	5,597
Unemployment rate	14.3	15.6	8.4	8.5
Not in labor force	5,102	5,233	26,604	27,198
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	846	771	5,844	6,128
Participation rate	6.9	6.3	22.3	22.6
Employed	750	724	5,442	5,696
Employment-population ratio	6.2	5.9	20.8	21.0
Unemployed	95	47	402	432
Unemployment rate	11.3	6.1	6.9	7.1
Not in labor force	11,330	11,441	20,381	21,042
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	35,440	36,294	17,718	17,884	17,722	18,410
Civilian labor force	23,924	24,517	14,073	14,256	9,851	10,261
Participation rate	67.5	67.6	79.4	79.7	55.6	55.7
Employed	21,090	21,928	12,282	12,677	8,808	9,251
Employment-population ratio	59.5	60.4	69.3	70.9	49.7	50.3
Unemployed	2,834	2,589	1,791	1,579	1,043	1,010
Unemployment rate	11.8	10.6	12.7	11.1	10.6	9.8
Not in labor force	11,515	11,777	3,645	3,628	7,870	8,148
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,393	202,410	96,930	97,944	104,463	104,466
Civilian labor force	129,032	128,019	67,165	66,847	61,868	61,172
Participation rate	64.1	63.2	69.3	68.3	59.2	58.6
Employed	115,719	115,671	58,935	59,630	56,784	56,041
Employment-population ratio	57.5	57.1	60.8	60.9	54.4	53.6
Unemployed	13,313	12,348	8,230	7,217	5,083	5,131
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.6	12.3	10.8	8.2	8.4
Not in labor force	72,360	74,391	29,765	31,097	42,596	43,294
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	1,974	2,037	2,100	2,134	2,172	2,348	2,185	2,176	2,256
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,218	1,295	1,263	1,343	1,310	1,446	1,385	1,384	1,390
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	743	720	819	785	798	823	771	775	861
Unpaid family workers	13	22	18	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	134,836	137,123	135,499	136,391	137,266	136,797	136,752	137,001	137,088
Wage and salary workers(1)	126,126	128,436	126,882	127,385	128,438	127,852	127,728	128,043	128,151
Government	21,144	20,745	20,626	21,265	20,855	20,717	20,600	20,759	20,740
Private industries	104,982	107,691	106,255	106,129	107,451	107,100	107,146	107,303	107,409
Private households	688	635	610	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	104,295	107,056	105,645	105,410	106,859	106,470	106,516	106,665	106,774
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,643	8,589	8,526	8,991	8,752	8,862	8,832	8,783	8,864
Unpaid family workers	66	97	91	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	9,290	9,205	9,187	8,367	9,506	9,100	8,960	8,931	8,407
Slack work or business conditions	6,825	6,347	6,513	5,831	6,732	6,174	6,025	6,011	5,771
Could only find part-time work	2,159	2,499	2,373	2,271	2,478	2,564	2,557	2,568	2,510
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,782	18,872	18,048	18,521	18,256	18,230	18,326	18,184	17,929
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	9,161	9,029	9,027	8,239	9,380	8,991	8,822	8,789	8,242
Slack work or business conditions	6,739	6,230	6,415	5,761	6,649	6,108	5,941	5,911	5,661
Could only find part-time work	2,149	2,470	2,358	2,286	2,454	2,534	2,555	2,542	2,513
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,444	18,525	17,675	18,141	17,911	17,848	17,929	17,829	17,552
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	136,809	139,159	137,599	138,511	139,378	139,084	138,909	139,206	139,323
16 to 19 years	4,034	4,116	3,939	4,438	4,256	4,319	4,393	4,298	4,341
16 to 17 years	1,318	1,363	1,225	1,488	1,405	1,434	1,440	1,434	1,406
18 to 19 years	2,716	2,753	2,713	2,946	2,857	2,894	2,961	2,869	2,939
20 years and over	132,775	135,044	133,660	134,074	135,121	134,764	134,515	134,908	134,982
20 to 24 years	12,132	12,611	12,573	12,488	12,825	12,774	12,774	12,713	12,941
25 years and over	120,643	122,433	121,087	121,530	122,254	121,910	121,744	122,196	122,026
25 to 54 years	93,348	94,156	92,980	94,080	94,076	94,011	93,723	93,962	93,758
25 to 34 years	29,680	30,384	30,065	30,057	30,321	30,323	30,214	30,345	30,438
35 to 44 years	30,473	30,528	30,107	30,721	30,538	30,650	30,527	30,447	30,373
45 to 54 years	33,194	33,244	32,807	33,302	33,217	33,037	32,982	33,170	32,946
55 years and over	27,295	28,276	28,106	27,450	28,178	27,899	28,021	28,234	28,268
Men, 16 years and over	71,216	73,226	72,307	72,667	73,594	73,470	73,337	73,600	73,800
16 to 19 years	1,879	1,991	1,947	2,143	2,035	2,106	2,206	2,121	2,211
16 to 17 years	594	635	608	706	662	660	688	695	717
18 to 19 years	1,285	1,356	1,339	1,415	1,371	1,443	1,524	1,420	1,471
20 years and over	69,337	71,235	70,360	70,525	71,559	71,365	71,130	71,480	71,589
20 to 24 years	5,963	6,438	6,484	6,256	6,533	6,542	6,502	6,568	6,784
25 years and over	63,375	64,798	63,876	64,231	65,005	64,803	64,617	64,904	64,789
25 to 54 years	49,205	50,049	49,251	49,912	50,306	50,209	49,970	50,117	50,005
25 to 34 years	15,886	16,443	16,254	16,184	16,436	16,434	16,331	16,428	16,542
35 to 44 years	16,302	16,511	16,148	16,511	16,547	16,573	16,543	16,522	16,394
45 to 54 years	17,017	17,095	16,849	17,218	17,324	17,202	17,096	17,168	17,070
55 years and over	14,169	14,749	14,625	14,319	14,699	14,594	14,648	14,787	14,784
Women, 16 years and over	65,593	65,933	65,292	65,844	65,784	65,613	65,572	65,605	65,523
16 to 19 years	2,155	2,125	1,992	2,295	2,221	2,214	2,187	2,177	2,130
16 to 17 years	724	728	617	783	743	774	752	739	689
18 to 19 years	1,431	1,397	1,374	1,531	1,486	1,452	1,437	1,449	1,468
20 years and over	63,437	63,809	63,300	63,549	63,562	63,400	63,385	63,428	63,392
20 to 24 years	6,169	6,174	6,090	6,231	6,292	6,232	6,272	6,145	6,157
25 years and over	57,269	57,635	57,210	57,299	57,249	57,106	57,127	57,292	57,237
25 to 54 years	44,143	44,108	43,729	44,168	43,770	43,801	43,753	43,845	43,752
25 to 34 years	13,794	13,941	13,811	13,874	13,885	13,889	13,883	13,917	13,897
35 to 44 years	14,171	14,017	13,959	14,210	13,992	14,077	13,983	13,925	13,979
45 to 54 years	16,177	16,150	15,959	16,084	15,894	15,836	15,887	16,003	15,877
55 years and over	13,126	13,527	13,481	13,131	13,479	13,305	13,374	13,447	13,485
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	42,807	43,119	42,492	43,174	43,701	43,301	43,130	43,081	42,915
Married women, spouse present	35,038	34,850	34,615	34,999	34,469	34,553	34,543	34,612	34,571
Women who maintain families	8,401	8,878	8,686	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	108,777	111,207	110,373	110,721	111,710	111,585	111,187	111,744	112,356
Part-time workers(2)	28,033	27,953	27,226	27,617	27,649	27,433	27,594	27,394	26,901
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,751	6,884	6,621	6,962	6,687	6,679	6,734	6,950	6,840
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.9
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,483	5,263	5,208	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,386	9,309	9,345	9,776	9,550	9,684	9,603	9,559	9,724
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	14,842	14,485	13,863	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4	9.0
16 to 19 years	1,572	1,460	1,500	26.2	26.0	27.1	24.5	25.4	25.7
16 to 17 years	581	533	541	28.1	30.0	30.3	24.9	27.1	27.8
18 to 19 years	989	933	960	25.1	23.3	24.7	24.2	24.5	24.6
20 years and over	13,270	13,025	12,363	9.0	8.9	9.0	9.2	8.8	8.4
20 to 24 years	2,334	2,296	2,315	15.7	14.9	15.3	15.9	15.3	15.2
25 years and over	10,889	10,716	10,028	8.2	8.3	8.2	8.4	8.1	7.6
25 to 54 years	8,894	8,674	8,036	8.6	8.7	8.5	8.7	8.5	7.9
25 to 34 years	3,310	3,418	3,112	9.9	10.0	9.9	10.4	10.1	9.3
35 to 44 years	2,840	2,566	2,416	8.5	8.3	7.9	7.7	7.8	7.4
45 to 54 years	2,743	2,690	2,507	7.6	7.7	7.8	8.1	7.5	7.1
55 years and over	1,992	2,088	2,022	6.8	7.2	7.2	7.2	6.9	6.7
Men, 16 years and over	8,789	8,245	7,744	10.8	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.1	9.5
16 to 19 years	928	818	827	30.2	29.3	29.4	26.6	27.8	27.2
16 to 17 years	318	284	295	31.1	33.3	33.8	28.5	29.0	29.1
18 to 19 years	604	536	533	29.9	26.2	26.8	25.5	27.4	26.6
20 years and over	7,861	7,426	6,917	10.0	9.7	9.7	9.9	9.4	8.8
20 to 24 years	1,461	1,340	1,281	18.9	17.1	16.5	18.1	16.9	15.9
25 years and over	6,362	6,079	5,648	9.0	9.0	8.9	9.0	8.6	8.0
25 to 54 years	5,192	4,926	4,511	9.4	9.3	9.1	9.3	8.9	8.3
25 to 34 years	1,984	1,950	1,790	10.9	10.8	10.4	10.9	10.6	9.8
35 to 44 years	1,624	1,418	1,344	9.0	8.6	8.2	7.9	7.9	7.6
45 to 54 years	1,584	1,558	1,377	8.4	8.6	8.6	9.2	8.3	7.5
55 years and over	1,171	1,152	1,137	7.6	7.9	8.3	8.0	7.2	7.1
Women, 16 years and over	6,053	6,240	6,119	8.4	8.6	8.8	8.9	8.7	8.5
16 to 19 years	644	641	673	21.9	22.8	24.8	22.3	22.8	24.0
16 to 17 years	263	248	247	25.1	26.8	27.0	21.2	25.2	26.4
18 to 19 years	384	397	427	20.1	20.4	22.6	22.8	21.5	22.5
20 years and over	5,409	5,599	5,447	7.8	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.1	7.9
20 to 24 years	873	956	1,033	12.3	12.4	13.9	13.5	13.5	14.4
25 years and over	4,527	4,638	4,380	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.7	7.5	7.1
25 to 54 years	3,702	3,747	3,525	7.7	7.9	7.9	8.1	7.9	7.5
25 to 34 years	1,326	1,468	1,323	8.7	9.0	9.4	9.8	9.5	8.7
35 to 44 years	1,216	1,147	1,072	7.9	8.1	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.1
45 to 54 years	1,159	1,132	1,130	6.7	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.6	6.6
55 years and over(1)	851	830	906	6.1	6.4	5.9	6.2	5.8	6.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	3,062	3,047	2,666	6.6	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.6	5.8
Married women, spouse present	2,192	2,046	2,036	5.9	5.7	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.6
Women who maintain families(1)	1,181	1,207	1,268	12.3	12.9	12.4	13.0	12.0	12.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	12,935	12,650	12,063	10.5	10.4	10.5	10.7	10.2	9.7
Part-time workers(3)	1,904	1,764	1,793	6.5	6.1	6.3	5.8	6.0	6.2
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	10,574	8,995	9,520	9,287	9,286	9,070	9,471	8,923	8,519
On temporary layoff	2,192	1,547	1,825	1,452	1,340	1,293	1,430	1,402	1,249
Not on temporary layoff	8,382	7,448	7,695	7,835	7,947	7,777	8,042	7,521	7,270
Permanent job losers	6,732	5,917	6,097	6,423	6,467	6,254	6,425	5,995	5,879
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,650	1,530	1,599	1,412	1,479	1,523	1,617	1,526	1,391
Job leavers	926	861	935	908	809	854	864	914	910
Reentrants	3,625	3,031	3,332	3,603	3,441	3,498	3,427	3,408	3,357
New entrants	1,022	1,110	1,150	1,210	1,193	1,278	1,269	1,311	1,351
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	65.5	64.3	63.7	61.9	63.0	61.7	63.0	61.3	60.3
On temporary layoff	13.6	11.1	12.2	9.7	9.1	8.8	9.5	9.6	8.8
Not on temporary layoff	51.9	53.2	51.5	52.2	54.0	52.9	53.5	51.7	51.4
Job leavers	5.7	6.2	6.3	6.1	5.5	5.8	5.8	6.3	6.4
Reentrants	22.4	21.7	22.3	24.0	23.4	23.8	22.8	23.4	23.7
New entrants	6.3	7.9	7.7	8.1	8.1	8.7	8.4	9.0	9.6
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	6.9	5.9	6.2	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.8	5.6
Job leavers	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reentrants	2.4	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
New entrants	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	3,464	2,681	3,181	2,915	2,872	2,659	2,824	2,725	2,678
5 to 14 weeks	3,698	3,043	3,267	3,346	3,329	3,427	3,336	3,184	3,016
15 weeks and over	8,986	8,273	8,489	8,916	8,517	8,734	8,843	8,647	8,495
15 to 26 weeks	2,563	2,073	2,182	2,614	2,364	2,500	2,515	2,205	2,285
27 weeks and over	6,423	6,200	6,307	6,302	6,153	6,234	6,328	6,441	6,210
Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)	28.9	34.0	35.5	30.5	33.4	33.9	33.9	34.2	36.9
Median duration, in weeks	18.6	22.3	19.9	20.0	20.5	21.3	21.7	22.4	21.8
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	21.5	19.2	21.3	19.2	19.5	17.9	18.8	18.7	18.9
5 to 14 weeks	22.9	21.7	21.9	22.0	22.6	23.1	22.2	21.9	21.3
15 weeks and over	55.6	59.1	56.8	58.7	57.9	58.9	58.9	59.4	59.9
15 to 26 weeks	15.9	14.8	14.6	17.2	16.1	16.9	16.8	15.2	16.1
27 weeks and over	39.8	44.3	42.2	41.5	41.8	42.1	42.2	44.3	43.8
Footnotes (1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
Total, 16 years and over(1)	136,809	137,599	16,147	14,937	10.6	9.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	52,159	51,866	2,762	2,557	5.0	4.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	21,101	21,139	1,168	1,177	5.2	5.3
Professional and related occupations	31,058	30,727	1,593	1,380	4.9	4.3
Service occupations	23,763	23,819	3,045	2,773	11.4	10.4
Sales and office occupations	33,117	33,497	3,476	3,364	9.5	9.1
Sales and related occupations	15,150	15,268	1,709	1,574	10.1	9.3
Office and administrative support occupations	17,966	18,229	1,767	1,790	9.0	8.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12,405	12,205	3,082	2,623	19.9	17.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	782	893	273	233	25.9	20.7
Construction and extraction occupations	6,975	6,587	2,276	1,960	24.6	22.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,648	4,725	532	430	10.3	8.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	15,365	16,211	2,748	2,411	15.2	12.9
Production occupations	7,396	8,032	1,343	1,122	15.4	12.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	7,970	8,180	1,405	1,289	15.0	13.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
Total, 16 years and over(1)	16,147	14,937	10.6	9.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	13,129	11,778	11.1	10.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	68	66	9.1	8.5
Construction	2,194	1,879	24.7	22.5
Manufacturing	1,918	1,519	13.0	9.9
Durable goods	1,318	955	14.1	9.9
Nondurable goods	600	564	11.1	9.9
Wholesale and retail trade	2,154	1,866	10.5	9.1
Transportation and utilities	657	498	11.3	8.8
Information	313	228	10.0	7.3
Financial activities	623	647	6.6	7.2
Professional and business services	1,614	1,511	11.1	10.2
Education and health services	1,175	1,264	5.5	5.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,804	1,788	14.2	13.8
Other services	609	513	10.0	8.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	318	236	21.3	16.0
Government workers	948	1,088	4.3	5.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	730	685	7.2	6.8
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Sept. 2010	Oct. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010	Jan. 2011
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.9	5.4	5.6	5.8	5.5	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.5
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	6.9	5.9	6.2	6.1	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.8	5.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	10.6	9.1	9.8	9.7	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.4	9.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	11.2	9.9	10.4	10.3	10.3	10.4	10.5	10.2	9.6
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	12.0	10.7	11.4	11.1	11.0	11.2	11.2	10.9	10.7
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	18.0	16.6	17.3	16.5	17.1	17.0	17.0	16.7	16.1
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011	Jan. 2010	Jan. 2011
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	83,876	86,168	33,410	34,725	50,466	51,443
Persons who currently want a job	6,108	6,643	2,926	3,237	3,182	3,406
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,539	2,800	1,367	1,454	1,172	1,346
Discouraged workers(2)	1,065	993	663	588	401	406
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,474	1,807	703	866	771	941
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,751	6,621	3,223	3,178	3,527	3,443
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.4	5.4	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,558	3,510	1,866	1,869	1,691	1,641
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,727	1,728	527	603	1,199	1,125
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	241	182	144	107	97	76
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,186	1,167	666	585	520	581
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Change from: Dec.2010 - Jan.2011(p)
Total nonfarm	127,309	131,371	131,062	128,164	129,281	130,108	130,229	130,265	36
Total private	104,933	108,623	108,475	106,071	106,793	107,841	107,980	108,030	50
Goods-producing	17,206	17,992	17,723	17,296	17,717	17,793	17,786	17,804	18
Mining and logging	652	743	731	719	667	735	731	732	1
Logging	47.9	49.1	47.0	46.7	48.7	47.8	47.3	47.9	0.6
Mining	604.4	694.0	684.4	672.5	617.8	686.8	683.5	684.5	1.0
Oil and gas extraction	156.5	161.5	160.5	160.7	156.1	161.2	160.6	161.5	0.9
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	188.8	209.7	201.9	194.7	198.6	206.1	204.8	203.8	-1.0
Coal mining	77.5	83.0	83.9	83.0	77.8	82.6	83.1	82.9	-0.2
Support activities for mining	259.1	322.8	322.0	317.1	263.1	319.5	318.1	319.2	1.1
Construction	5,197	5,645	5,391	5,065	5,585	5,504	5,487	5,455	-32
Construction of buildings	1,187.3	1,242.0	1,215.5	1,147.1	1,250.0	1,219.0	1,218.8	1,208.9	-9.9
Residential building	556.5	570.6	558.2	524.3	590.2	560.2	561.1	557.9	-3.2
Nonresidential building	630.8	671.4	657.3	622.8	659.8	658.8	657.7	651.0	-6.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	711.0	883.6	792.6	717.7	810.4	845.7	830.3	823.3	-7.0
Specialty trade contractors	3,298.2	3,519.0	3,382.7	3,199.7	3,524.8	3,439.7	3,437.7	3,422.8	-14.9
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,400.4	1,469.4	1,412.8	1,343.9	1,509.8	1,442.2	1,443.6	1,450.3	6.7
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	1,897.8	2,049.6	1,969.9	1,855.8	2,015.0	1,997.5	1,994.1	1,972.5	-21.6
Manufacturing	11,357	11,604	11,601	11,512	11,465	11,554	11,568	11,617	49
Durable goods	6,943	7,143	7,147	7,134	6,999	7,113	7,127	7,189	62
Wood products	332.6	338.8	337.6	334.1	343.6	337.7	338.9	342.3	3.4
Nonmetallic mineral products	356.5	376.4	362.3	352.9	373.6	370.6	367.1	370.5	3.4
Primary metals	347.2	367.5	369.3	369.4	346.9	366.6	368.0	369.5	1.5
Fabricated metal products	1,250.8	1,311.9	1,315.9	1,318.0	1,253.7	1,305.7	1,313.8	1,326.6	12.8
Machinery	971.7	1,010.6	1,011.7	1,016.5	974.7	1,007.3	1,008.3	1,018.5	10.2
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,093.1	1,108.3	1,113.8	1,113.8	1,093.3	1,106.7	1,110.9	1,115.5	4.6
Computer and peripheral equipment	159.9	166.0	166.4	166.3	159.1	164.9	165.1	165.8	0.7
Communication equipment	116.7	119.2	119.5	120.5	115.8	119.6	120.1	120.9	0.8
Semiconductors and electronic components	362.1	373.2	376.3	376.6	363.5	372.9	375.2	377.4	2.2
Electronic instruments	408.5	405.4	406.7	406.4	408.8	405.5	406.5	407.5	1.0
Electrical equipment and appliances	353.8	365.8	368.3	368.4	354.2	365.2	367.9	369.3	1.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,316.8	1,338.9	1,342.4	1,344.0	1,329.6	1,332.7	1,331.4	1,351.1	19.7
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	660.4	681.8	683.6	687.5	672.6	676.3	674.0	694.4	20.4
Furniture and related products	356.3	350.2	349.7	347.3	361.1	351.4	350.6	353.1	2.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing	564.5	574.6	576.1	570.0	567.9	569.5	570.5	572.7	2.2
Nondurable goods	4,414	4,461	4,454	4,378	4,466	4,441	4,441	4,428	-13
Food manufacturing	1,416.8	1,454.0	1,454.4	1,418.4	1,444.8	1,442.1	1,443.8	1,441.8	-2.0
Beverages and tobacco products	176.4	184.5	184.1	176.0	181.2	183.8	185.0	181.0	-4.0
Textile mills	117.8	119.5	119.7	118.4	117.3	119.0	119.6	119.2	-0.4
Textile product mills	118.7	116.8	116.7	114.6	119.7	115.8	116.0	115.1	-0.9
Apparel	159.2	155.7	157.6	156.0	162.2	157.1	158.7	159.4	0.7
Leather and allied products	27.4	28.9	28.5	27.7	27.4	28.7	28.2	27.8	-0.4
Paper and paper products	395.7	396.9	397.9	395.8	396.7	396.2	396.5	395.6	-0.9
Printing and related support activities	492.4	484.5	479.4	469.4	494.6	480.9	476.0	473.2	-2.8
Petroleum and coal products	107.8	114.9	109.2	102.7	113.6	113.2	110.7	107.6	-3.1
Chemicals	790.6	778.4	780.9	773.2	792.6	777.8	778.0	775.3	-2.7
Plastics and rubber products	611.0	626.4	625.7	625.4	616.2	626.4	628.2	632.0	3.8
Private service-providing	87,727	90,631	90,752	88,775	89,076	90,048	90,194	90,226	32
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,347	25,112	25,318	24,531	24,536	24,684	24,742	24,739	-3
Wholesale trade	5,403.5	5,499.1	5,498.7	5,442.9	5,450.9	5,475.7	5,480.3	5,489.5	9.2
Durable goods	2,700.1	2,742.0	2,744.1	2,725.0	2,715.5	2,733.7	2,736.1	2,741.9	5.8
Nondurable goods	1,909.7	1,945.0	1,942.6	1,913.9	1,936.8	1,932.7	1,935.9	1,939.1	3.2
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	793.7	812.1	812.0	804.0	798.6	809.3	808.3	808.5	0.2
Retail trade	14,285.2	14,788.5	14,930.6	14,356.6	14,383.1	14,441.0	14,443.8	14,471.3	27.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,582.9	1,641.8	1,635.4	1,620.5	1,614.0	1,643.1	1,645.2	1,648.8	3.6
Automobile dealers	989.5	1,018.8	1,016.8	1,009.4	1,002.6	1,018.7	1,019.4	1,021.6	2.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores	441.8	450.7	456.8	438.9	437.5	435.8	436.0	435.2	-0.8
Electronics and appliance stores	498.4	529.5	528.3	503.6	492.0	508.6	503.3	500.8	-2.5
Building material and garden supply stores	1,080.6	1,088.1	1,082.3	1,063.7	1,133.7	1,112.0	1,114.5	1,118.9	4.4
Food and beverage stores	2,804.1	2,834.3	2,837.0	2,797.5	2,816.1	2,810.9	2,811.7	2,813.0	1.3
Health and personal care stores	986.7	985.4	988.2	971.6	985.3	976.4	970.4	972.4	2.0
Gasoline stations	807.7	814.2	812.1	803.5	816.2	815.3	816.9	814.9	-2.0
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,355.8	1,487.3	1,530.9	1,416.9	1,356.0	1,404.4	1,407.7	1,422.3	14.6
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	615.1	635.1	658.7	616.1	602.1	600.4	600.8	599.6	-1.2
General merchandise stores(1)	2,945.4	3,112.9	3,184.1	2,973.5	2,951.5	2,968.2	2,972.5	2,978.4	5.9
Department stores	1,487.4	1,591.2	1,653.8	1,509.7	1,475.1	1,484.3	1,488.2	1,493.4	5.2
Miscellaneous store retailers	752.9	771.3	773.1	739.4	766.2	754.9	752.4	753.3	0.9
Nonstore retailers	413.8	437.9	443.7	411.4	412.5	411.0	412.4	413.7	1.3
Transportation and warehousing	4,103.6	4,275.3	4,339.0	4,184.0	4,146.0	4,218.3	4,266.9	4,228.9	-38.0
Air transportation	459.6	465.4	466.0	464.7	462.8	466.9	466.8	467.4	0.6
Rail transportation	209.6	219.8	218.8	218.0	210.5	219.0	218.9	219.8	0.9
Water transportation	60.7	63.6	65.0	63.1	62.4	64.2	64.8	65.0	0.2
Truck transportation	1,207.8	1,270.4	1,255.6	1,233.2	1,237.8	1,256.0	1,256.1	1,259.3	3.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	430.9	462.9	462.3	454.1	421.2	444.3	445.5	444.3	-1.2
Pipeline transportation	43.4	42.2	42.3	42.6	43.3	41.9	42.2	42.3	0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	19.9	23.7	22.1	19.6	26.9	27.1	26.7	26.9	0.2
Support activities for transportation	532.4	542.0	542.6	539.3	537.4	540.6	539.9	543.4	3.5
Couriers and messengers	519.7	542.5	623.5	522.1	520.5	527.3	573.4	528.6	-44.8
Warehousing and storage	619.6	642.8	640.8	627.3	623.2	631.0	632.6	631.9	-0.7
Utilities	554.9	548.7	549.6	547.8	555.7	549.3	551.2	549.1	-2.1
Information	2,710	2,709	2,708	2,679	2,737	2,699	2,699	2,698	-1
Publishing industries, except Internet	766.4	760.5	759.9	753.2	771.2	757.2	756.3	755.1	-1.2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	343.3	374.0	373.7	365.4	362.4	373.4	377.0	381.1	4.1
Broadcasting, except Internet	292.6	298.8	296.8	295.5	293.6	296.3	295.4	295.7	0.3
Telecommunications	929.1	889.8	888.6	878.9	926.3	886.0	882.3	878.7	-3.6
Data processing, hosting and related services	241.9	240.8	242.5	237.6	245.4	240.4	241.3	239.4	-1.9
Other information services	137.0	145.4	146.7	147.9	137.7	145.3	146.3	147.5	1.2
Financial activities	7,621	7,610	7,626	7,562	7,666	7,616	7,616	7,606	-10
Finance and insurance	5,702.2	5,687.4	5,694.9	5,672.9	5,711.8	5,685.3	5,685.2	5,683.8	-1.4
Monetary authorities - central bank	20.6	21.0	21.2	21.0	20.7	21.1	21.2	21.1	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,545.7	2,551.0	2,555.1	2,547.4	2,547.2	2,552.1	2,550.4	2,547.8	-2.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,732.2	1,740.0	1,744.6	1,744.1	1,730.9	1,740.9	1,741.3	1,742.5	1.2
Commercial banking	1,306.8	1,312.9	1,317.3	1,316.3	1,304.3	1,314.4	1,316.4	1,316.2	-0.2
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	797.0	801.8	803.6	802.8	798.3	801.2	802.9	804.9	2.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,251.3	2,226.7	2,228.5	2,214.9	2,258.4	2,224.0	2,224.1	2,222.8	-1.3
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles	87.6	86.9	86.5	86.8	87.2	86.9	86.6	87.2	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,918.4	1,922.6	1,931.1	1,889.2	1,954.3	1,930.6	1,931.0	1,922.5	-8.5
Real estate	1,385.5	1,385.9	1,395.7	1,365.0	1,407.6	1,388.0	1,392.2	1,385.5	-6.7
Rental and leasing services	507.4	511.5	510.0	498.9	520.9	517.3	513.5	511.5	-2.0
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	25.5	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.8	25.3	25.3	25.5	0.2
Professional and business services	16,218	17,012	17,032	16,594	16,513	16,844	16,898	16,929	31
Professional and technical services(1)	7,456.5	7,457.0	7,518.0	7,506.7	7,419.7	7,455.1	7,465.6	7,473.5	7.9
Legal services	1,102.5	1,116.4	1,118.5	1,106.2	1,110.8	1,116.1	1,114.5	1,114.9	0.4
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,008.3	850.3	893.8	971.6	904.9	893.3	879.9	872.8	-7.1
Architectural and engineering services	1,266.4	1,281.4	1,279.4	1,256.7	1,284.8	1,273.9	1,275.8	1,274.2	-1.6
Computer systems design and related services	1,421.6	1,469.6	1,471.0	1,468.9	1,424.3	1,459.6	1,465.4	1,474.0	8.6
Management and technical consulting services	979.2	1,012.8	1,021.7	999.8	990.1	1,000.3	1,007.4	1,011.0	3.6
Management of companies and enterprises	1,842.3	1,871.1	1,877.4	1,864.4	1,848.8	1,870.8	1,873.1	1,873.0	-0.1
Administrative and waste services	6,919.2	7,684.0	7,636.9	7,222.9	7,244.5	7,517.9	7,559.0	7,582.6	23.6
Administrative and support services(1)	6,575.0	7,323.3	7,279.2	6,871.7	6,894.6	7,159.1	7,199.7	7,223.8	24.1
Employment services(1)	2,435.2	2,939.6	2,975.8	2,688.3	2,581.7	2,808.0	2,840.3	2,853.5	13.2
Temporary help services	1,834.7	2,278.2	2,312.7	2,059.1	1,953.5	2,164.1	2,202.2	2,190.8	-11.4
Business support services	811.0	824.9	825.1	809.2	810.4	808.8	806.1	808.0	1.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,571.2	1,764.3	1,689.0	1,601.3	1,727.7	1,754.5	1,765.1	1,769.4	4.3
Waste management and remediation services	344.2	360.7	357.7	351.2	349.9	358.8	359.3	358.8	-0.5
Education and health services	19,266	19,974	19,923	19,646	19,371	19,732	19,755	19,768	13
Educational services	3,038.3	3,364.8	3,290.9	3,088.8	3,111.1	3,176.9	3,171.5	3,171.4	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	16,227.7	16,609.2	16,631.8	16,557.5	16,259.8	16,555.3	16,583.2	16,596.1	12.9
Health care(3)	13,637.9	13,926.1	13,949.7	13,896.4	13,671.3	13,894.8	13,921.5	13,932.1	10.6
Ambulatory health care services(1)	5,880.2	6,056.0	6,063.8	6,037.7	5,897.2	6,039.7	6,051.2	6,059.2	8.0
Offices of physicians	2,305.1	2,330.7	2,341.6	2,328.6	2,306.0	2,324.5	2,330.3	2,332.4	2.1
Outpatient care centers	582.4	608.1	613.6	613.0	583.8	607.2	612.1	614.6	2.5
Home health care services	1,054.1	1,104.8	1,103.2	1,100.7	1,060.3	1,099.6	1,101.4	1,105.7	4.3
Hospitals	4,670.6	4,709.2	4,715.8	4,705.1	4,675.6	4,701.5	4,708.5	4,709.2	0.7
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,087.1	3,160.9	3,170.1	3,153.6	3,098.5	3,153.6	3,161.8	3,163.7	1.9
Nursing care facilities	1,641.3	1,679.9	1,682.4	1,674.5	1,647.5	1,674.1	1,677.0	1,679.3	2.3
Social assistance(1)	2,589.8	2,683.1	2,682.1	2,661.1	2,588.5	2,660.5	2,661.7	2,664.0	2.3
Child day care services	856.0	875.0	868.7	865.3	847.5	858.4	856.4	858.9	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	12,315	12,811	12,747	12,410	12,931	13,057	13,065	13,062	-3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,674.8	1,748.5	1,738.1	1,670.2	1,885.5	1,895.0	1,900.4	1,900.0	-0.4
Performing arts and spectator sports	349.7	395.6	395.5	365.0	388.6	410.6	413.2	411.3	-1.9
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks	115.4	122.0	119.6	116.1	127.0	126.6	127.0	127.4	0.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,209.7	1,230.9	1,223.0	1,189.1	1,369.9	1,357.8	1,360.2	1,361.3	1.1
Accommodation and food services	10,640.3	11,062.0	11,008.6	10,739.9	11,045.0	11,162.0	11,164.4	11,162.2	-2.2
Accommodation	1,652.4	1,709.9	1,697.5	1,670.1	1,740.1	1,759.3	1,758.4	1,760.6	2.2
Food services and drinking places	8,987.9	9,352.1	9,311.1	9,069.8	9,304.9	9,402.7	9,406.0	9,401.6	-4.4
Other services	5,250	5,403	5,398	5,353	5,322	5,416	5,419	5,424	5
Repair and maintenance	1,113.7	1,139.7	1,134.9	1,134.1	1,129.0	1,144.7	1,142.7	1,151.1	8.4
Personal and laundry services	1,242.5	1,268.4	1,268.5	1,248.1	1,262.8	1,269.9	1,270.7	1,266.5	-4.2
Membership associations and organizations	2,893.3	2,995.2	2,994.3	2,970.5	2,930.2	3,001.4	3,005.5	3,006.8	1.3
Government	22,376	22,748	22,587	22,093	22,488	22,267	22,249	22,235	-14
Federal	2,845.0	2,839.0	2,846.0	2,833.0	2,866.0	2,844.0	2,852.0	2,850.0	-2.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,160.0	2,195.3	2,200.1	2,187.5	2,190.4	2,200.4	2,207.6	2,205.5	-2.1
U.S. Postal Service	685.2	643.4	646.2	645.3	676.0	643.1	644.6	644.4	-0.2
State government	5,053.0	5,322.0	5,250.0	5,041.0	5,140.0	5,144.0	5,142.0	5,140.0	-2.0
State government education	2,282.0	2,581.5	2,513.3	2,308.7	2,355.8	2,392.9	2,391.8	2,393.5	1.7
State government, excluding education	2,770.7	2,740.7	2,736.2	2,731.9	2,784.2	2,751.4	2,749.7	2,746.3	-3.4
Local government	14,478.0	14,587.0	14,491.0	14,219.0	14,482.0	14,279.0	14,255.0	14,245.0	-10.0
Local government education	8,178.6	8,307.5	8,266.6	8,042.4	8,068.6	7,961.9	7,951.1	7,949.3	-1.8
Local government, excluding education	6,299.6	6,279.6	6,224.6	6,176.8	6,413.6	6,316.6	6,304.0	6,296.0	-8.0
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.0	34.2	34.3	34.2
Goods-producing	39.4	39.8	39.8	39.6
Mining and logging	43.4	43.3	43.4	43.8
Construction	37.6	38.1	38.1	37.3
Manufacturing	40.0	40.4	40.4	40.5
Durable goods	40.1	40.7	40.6	40.7
Nondurable goods	39.8	39.9	40.0	40.1
Private service-providing	33.0	33.1	33.2	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.1	34.3	34.5	34.4
Wholesale trade	37.8	38.3	38.4	38.5
Retail trade	31.3	31.2	31.5	31.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.1	38.5	38.6	38.6
Utilities	40.5	41.5	41.3	41.8
Information	36.6	36.6	36.4	36.4
Financial activities	36.7	37.1	37.0	37.1
Professional and business services	35.2	35.5	35.7	35.7
Education and health services	32.9	32.8	32.8	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.6	25.9	25.8	25.8
Other services	31.5	31.6	31.6	31.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.1
Durable goods	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.0
Nondurable goods	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
Total private	$22.44	$22.76	$22.78	$22.86	$762.96	$778.39	$781.35	$781.81
Goods-producing	23.92	24.18	24.22	24.41	942.45	962.36	963.96	966.64
Mining and logging	26.89	27.62	27.73	28.26	1,167.03	1,195.95	1,203.48	1,237.79
Construction	25.14	25.32	25.37	25.46	945.26	964.69	966.60	949.66
Manufacturing	23.17	23.43	23.47	23.69	926.80	946.57	948.19	959.45
Durable goods	24.73	24.94	25.01	25.24	991.67	1,015.06	1,015.41	1,027.27
Nondurable goods	20.70	20.97	20.97	21.14	823.86	836.70	838.80	847.71
Private service-providing	22.09	22.43	22.44	22.50	728.97	742.43	745.01	747.00
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.56	19.77	19.76	19.82	667.00	678.11	681.72	681.81
Wholesale trade	26.04	26.20	26.18	26.24	984.31	1,003.46	1,005.31	1,010.24
Retail trade	15.50	15.61	15.61	15.64	485.15	487.03	491.72	489.53
Transportation and warehousing	20.81	21.23	21.23	21.24	792.86	817.36	819.48	819.86
Utilities	32.59	32.50	32.83	33.11	1,319.90	1,348.75	1,355.88	1,384.00
Information	29.95	31.05	31.03	31.08	1,096.17	1,136.43	1,129.49	1,131.31
Financial activities	26.97	27.37	27.44	27.54	989.80	1,015.43	1,015.28	1,021.73
Professional and business services	27.11	27.40	27.32	27.32	954.27	972.70	975.32	975.32
Education and health services	22.66	23.21	23.32	23.39	745.51	761.29	764.90	767.19
Leisure and hospitality	13.11	13.11	13.13	13.22	335.62	339.55	338.75	341.08
Other services	20.07	20.48	20.47	20.43	632.21	647.17	646.85	643.55
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2010 - Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2010 - Jan. 2011(p)
Total private	91.0	92.4	92.8	92.6	-0.2	97.4	100.3	100.8	100.9	0.1
Goods-producing	79.5	80.7	80.6	80.3	-0.4	86.0	88.2	88.3	88.6	0.3
Mining and logging	91.0	100.0	99.7	100.7	1.0	98.2	110.9	111.0	114.3	3.0
Construction	72.4	72.3	72.0	70.1	-2.6	79.1	79.5	79.4	77.6	-2.3
Manufacturing	82.5	84.0	84.1	84.6	0.6	88.9	91.5	91.8	93.2	1.5
Durable goods	79.0	81.5	81.5	82.4	1.1	86.8	90.3	90.5	92.3	2.0
Nondurable goods	88.7	88.4	88.7	88.6	-0.1	93.2	94.1	94.3	95.1	0.8
Private service-providing	94.4	95.7	96.2	96.2	0.0	101.0	104.0	104.6	104.9	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	90.9	92.0	92.8	92.5	-0.3	95.7	97.9	98.7	98.7	0.0
Wholesale trade	89.9	91.5	91.8	92.2	0.4	97.7	100.1	100.3	101.0	0.7
Retail trade	91.4	91.5	92.4	92.0	-0.4	93.7	94.4	95.4	95.1	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	90.4	92.9	94.3	93.4	-1.0	95.5	100.1	101.6	100.7	-0.9
Utilities	97.4	98.6	98.5	99.3	0.8	104.8	105.9	106.8	108.6	1.7
Information	91.5	90.2	89.7	89.7	0.0	97.6	99.7	99.1	99.2	0.1
Financial activities	92.7	93.1	92.9	93.0	0.1	97.6	99.5	99.5	100.0	0.5
Professional and business services	91.4	94.0	94.9	95.1	0.2	100.4	104.4	105.0	105.2	0.2
Education and health services	103.7	105.3	105.5	105.5	0.0	110.1	114.5	115.2	115.6	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	94.5	96.5	96.2	96.2	0.0	99.9	102.1	101.9	102.6	0.7
Other services	92.9	94.8	94.9	94.7	-0.2	105.8	110.2	110.2	109.8	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
Total nonfarm	64,613	64,615	64,656	64,660	50.0	49.7	49.6	49.6
Total private	51,784	51,967	52,019	52,033	48.5	48.2	48.2	48.2
Goods-producing	4,115	4,062	4,064	4,063	23.2	22.8	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	95	100	99	102	14.2	13.6	13.5	13.9
Construction	744	712	713	711	13.3	12.9	13.0	13.0
Manufacturing	3,276	3,250	3,252	3,250	28.6	28.1	28.1	28.0
Durable goods	1,731	1,718	1,719	1,722	24.7	24.2	24.1	24.0
Nondurable goods	1,545	1,532	1,533	1,528	34.6	34.5	34.5	34.5
Private service-providing	47,669	47,905	47,955	47,970	53.5	53.2	53.2	53.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,038	9,970	9,970	9,980	40.9	40.4	40.3	40.3
Wholesale trade	1,645.7	1,643.9	1,643.2	1,647.0	30.2	30.0	30.0	30.0
Retail trade	7,250.9	7,187.2	7,176.9	7,192.4	50.4	49.8	49.7	49.7
Transportation and warehousing	1,000.5	1,003.2	1,013.7	1,005.4	24.1	23.8	23.8	23.8
Utilities	140.6	135.6	135.8	134.8	25.3	24.7	24.6	24.5
Information	1,124	1,102	1,098	1,100	41.1	40.8	40.7	40.8
Financial activities	4,535	4,463	4,464	4,461	59.2	58.6	58.6	58.7
Professional and business services	7,412	7,492	7,509	7,489	44.9	44.5	44.4	44.2
Education and health services	14,970	15,201	15,217	15,226	77.3	77.0	77.0	77.0
Leisure and hospitality	6,779	6,810	6,825	6,839	52.4	52.2	52.2	52.4
Other services	2,811	2,867	2,872	2,875	52.8	52.9	53.0	53.0
Government	12,829	12,648	12,637	12,627	57.0	56.8	56.8	56.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[In thousands]

Industry	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
Total private	88,024	88,870	88,952	88,989
Goods-producing	12,772	12,804	12,799	12,825
Mining and logging	490	550	551	549
Construction	4,237	4,174	4,154	4,144
Manufacturing	8,045	8,080	8,094	8,132
Durable goods	4,782	4,854	4,864	4,910
Nondurable goods	3,263	3,226	3,230	3,222
Private service-providing	75,252	76,066	76,153	76,164
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20,796	20,878	20,910	20,908
Wholesale trade	4,390.2	4,377.9	4,380.6	4,385.3
Retail trade	12,353.8	12,426.6	12,432.5	12,450.9
Transportation and warehousing	3,604.7	3,634.6	3,657.1	3,633.6
Utilities	447.3	438.7	439.6	438.1
Information	2,183	2,170	2,170	2,171
Financial activities	5,936	5,845	5,838	5,817
Professional and business services	13,499	13,813	13,861	13,896
Education and health services	16,985	17,320	17,336	17,352
Leisure and hospitality	11,406	11,507	11,502	11,476
Other services	4,447	4,533	4,536	4,544
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.3	33.5	33.5	33.4
Goods-producing	40.0	40.5	40.5	40.1
Mining and logging	44.3	44.7	45.2	46.2
Construction	37.8	38.7	38.6	37.6
Manufacturing	40.8	41.2	41.2	41.0
Durable goods	40.9	41.6	41.6	41.3
Nondurable goods	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.4
Private service-providing	32.2	32.3	32.3	32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.0	33.5	33.6	33.5
Wholesale trade	37.7	38.1	38.2	38.4
Retail trade	30.0	30.3	30.5	30.4
Transportation and warehousing	36.5	37.6	37.5	37.3
Utilities	41.3	42.3	42.2	42.5
Information	36.6	36.4	36.1	36.2
Financial activities	36.2	36.2	36.3	36.4
Professional and business services	35.0	35.2	35.3	35.1
Education and health services	32.3	32.1	32.1	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	24.8	24.9	24.7	24.6
Other services	30.7	30.6	30.8	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	4.0	3.9	4.0
Durable goods	3.5	4.0	4.0	4.1
Nondurable goods	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)
Total private	$18.91	$19.24	$19.24	$19.34	$629.70	$644.54	$644.54	$645.96
Goods-producing	20.09	20.45	20.50	20.56	803.60	828.23	830.25	824.46
Mining and logging	23.30	24.02	24.07	24.25	1,032.19	1,073.69	1,087.96	1,120.35
Construction	23.05	23.42	23.47	23.52	871.29	906.35	905.94	884.35
Manufacturing	18.44	18.75	18.80	18.89	752.35	772.50	774.56	774.49
Durable goods	19.65	19.94	20.03	20.11	803.69	829.50	833.25	830.54
Nondurable goods	16.67	16.91	16.91	17.00	680.14	686.55	688.24	686.80
Private service-providing	18.67	18.98	18.98	19.09	601.17	613.05	613.05	616.61
Trade, transportation, and utilities	16.74	16.96	16.95	17.03	552.42	568.16	569.52	570.51
Wholesale trade	21.43	21.73	21.79	21.88	807.91	827.91	832.38	840.19
Retail trade	13.15	13.37	13.36	13.37	394.50	405.11	407.48	406.45
Transportation and warehousing	19.15	19.22	19.21	19.42	698.98	722.67	720.38	724.37
Utilities	29.58	30.26	30.15	30.23	1,221.65	1,280.00	1,272.33	1,284.78
Information	25.60	26.13	26.07	26.22	936.96	951.13	941.13	949.16
Financial activities	21.44	21.69	21.66	21.78	776.13	785.18	786.26	792.79
Professional and business services	22.64	22.96	22.83	23.08	792.40	808.19	805.90	810.11
Education and health services	19.79	20.37	20.46	20.52	639.22	653.88	656.77	658.69
Leisure and hospitality	11.30	11.30	11.31	11.34	280.24	281.37	279.36	278.96
Other services	16.91	17.26	17.29	17.33	519.14	528.16	532.53	532.03
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2010 - Jan. 2011(p)	Jan. 2010	Nov. 2010	Dec. 2010(p)	Jan. 2011(p)	Percent change from: Dec. 2010 - Jan. 2011(p)
Total private	97.9	99.5	99.6	99.3	-0.3	123.7	127.9	128.0	128.3	0.2
Goods-producing	78.1	79.2	79.2	78.6	-0.8	96.0	99.2	99.4	98.9	-0.5
Mining and logging	115.4	130.6	132.3	134.8	1.9	156.3	182.5	185.3	190.1	2.6
Construction	80.2	80.9	80.3	78.0	-2.9	99.8	102.3	101.7	99.1	-2.6
Manufacturing	75.3	76.4	76.5	76.5	0.0	90.8	93.7	94.1	94.5	0.4
Durable goods	73.5	75.9	76.0	76.2	0.3	90.1	94.4	95.1	95.6	0.5
Nondurable goods	78.4	77.2	77.5	76.7	-1.0	92.4	92.2	92.6	92.1	-0.5
Private service-providing	103.6	105.1	105.2	105.2	0.0	132.6	136.7	136.9	137.7	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	95.7	97.5	97.9	97.6	-0.3	114.2	118.0	118.4	118.6	0.2
Wholesale trade	97.5	98.2	98.5	99.2	0.7	123.0	125.7	126.5	127.8	1.0
Retail trade	93.8	95.3	96.0	95.8	-0.2	105.7	109.2	109.9	109.8	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing	99.0	102.9	103.2	102.0	-1.2	120.3	125.4	125.8	125.7	-0.1
Utilities	94.5	94.9	94.9	95.2	0.3	116.7	119.9	119.4	120.2	0.7
Information	91.2	90.2	89.4	89.7	0.3	115.6	116.6	115.4	116.5	1.0
Financial activities	102.8	101.3	101.4	101.3	-0.1	136.3	135.8	135.8	136.4	0.4
Professional and business services	105.9	109.0	109.7	109.3	-0.4	142.6	148.9	149.0	150.1	0.7
Education and health services	118.3	119.9	120.0	120.2	0.2	154.0	160.6	161.5	162.1	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	103.7	105.0	104.1	103.5	-0.6	133.0	134.8	133.7	133.3	-0.3
Other services	95.8	97.3	98.0	97.9	-0.1	118.0	122.4	123.5	123.6	0.1
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2010 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.