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Economic News Release
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CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                    USDL-11-0436
until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 1, 2011

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2011


Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 216,000 in March, and the unemployment 
rate was little changed at 8.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. Job gains occurred in professional and business services, health 
care, leisure and hospitality, and mining. Employment in manufacturing continued 
to trend up.

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons (13.5 million) and the unemployment rate (8.8 
percent) changed little in March. The labor force also was little changed over 
the month. Since November 2010, the jobless rate has declined by 1.0 percentage 
point. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.6 percent), 
adult women (7.7 percent), teenagers (24.5 percent), whites (7.9 percent), blacks 
(15.5 percent), and Hispanics (11.3 percent) showed little change in March. The 
jobless rate for Asians was 7.1 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, 
A-2, and A-3.)

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, at 8.2 million, 
was little changed in March but has fallen by 1.3 million since November 2010. 
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 6.1 
million in March; their share of the unemployed increased from 43.9 to 45.5 percent 
over the month. (See tables A-11 and A-12.)

In March, the civilian labor force participation rate held at 64.2 percent, and the 
employment-population ratio, at 58.5 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred 
to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in March, at 8.4 million. 
These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or 
because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In March, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up 
slightly from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These 
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and 
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as 
unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 921,000 discouraged workers in March, 
little changed from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) 
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they 
believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons 
marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work in 
the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 216,000 in March. Job gains occurred 
in several service-providing industries and in mining, and manufacturing employment 
continued to trend up. Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll employment 
has grown by 1.5 million. (See table B-1.)

In March, employment in the service-providing sector continued to expand, led 
by a gain of 78,000 in professional and business services. Most of the gain 
occurred in temporary help services (+29,000) and in professional and technical 
services (+35,000).

Health care employment continued to increase in March (+37,000). Over the last 
12 months, health care has added 283,000 jobs, or an average of 24,000 jobs per 
month.

Employment in leisure and hospitality rose by 37,000 over the month, with more than
two-thirds of the increase in food services and drinking places (+27,000).

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in March (+17,000). Job gains were 
concentrated in two durable goods industries--fabricated metal products (+8,000) 
and machinery (+5,000). Employment in durable goods manufacturing has risen by 
243,000 since its most recent low in December 2009.

In March, employment in mining increased by 14,000, with much of the gain occurring 
in support activities for mining (+9,000).

Employment in local government continued to trend down over the month. Local government
has lost 416,000 jobs since an employment peak in September 2008.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 
34.3 hours in March. The manufacturing workweek for all employees edged down by 0.1 
hour to 40.5 hours, while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average 
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
increased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls were 
unchanged at $22.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased 
by 1.7 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees edged down by 2 cents over the month to $19.30. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised from +63,000 
to +68,000, and the change for February was revised from +192,000 to +194,000.

____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 6, 2011, 
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Change from:
Feb.
2011-
Mar.
2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

237,159 238,704 238,851 239,000 149

Civilian labor force

153,895 153,186 153,246 153,406 160

Participation rate

64.9 64.2 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed

138,952 139,323 139,573 139,864 291

Employment-population ratio

58.6 58.4 58.4 58.5 0.1

Unemployed

14,943 13,863 13,673 13,542 -131

Unemployment rate

9.7 9.0 8.9 8.8 -0.1

Not in labor force

83,264 85,518 85,605 85,594 -11

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

9.7 9.0 8.9 8.8 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

10.0 8.8 8.7 8.6 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

8.0 7.9 8.0 7.7 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

26.0 25.7 23.9 24.5 0.6

White

8.7 8.0 8.0 7.9 -0.1

Black or African American

16.5 15.7 15.3 15.5 0.2

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)

7.5 6.9 6.8 7.1 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

12.5 11.9 11.6 11.3 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over

8.3 7.6 7.6 7.4 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma

14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 -0.2

High school graduates, no college

10.8 9.4 9.5 9.5 0.0

Some college or associate degree

8.2 8.0 7.8 7.4 -0.4

Bachelor's degree and higher

4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

9,368 8,519 8,334 8,209 -125

Job leavers

893 910 898 896 -2

Reentrants

3,523 3,357 3,352 3,262 -90

New entrants

1,185 1,351 1,337 1,360 23

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,654 2,678 2,390 2,449 59

5 to 14 weeks

3,210 3,016 3,094 2,914 -180

15 to 26 weeks

2,449 2,285 2,179 1,957 -222

27 weeks and over

6,517 6,210 5,993 6,122 129

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

9,012 8,407 8,340 8,433 93

Slack work or business conditions

6,174 5,771 5,630 5,595 -35

Could only find part-time work

2,351 2,510 2,415 2,332 -83

Part time for noneconomic reasons

18,334 17,929 18,220 18,417 197

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

2,255 2,800 2,730 2,434 -

Discouraged workers

994 993 1,020 921 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

192 68 194 216

Total private

144 94 240 230

Goods-producing

34 38 73 31

Mining and logging

8 5 4 15

Construction

17 -20 37 -1

Manufacturing

9 53 32 17

Durable goods(1)

16 57 27 17

Motor vehicles and parts

2.2 19.6 0.0 3.2

Nondurable goods

-7 -4 5 0

Private service-providing(1)

110 56 167 199

Wholesale trade

1.5 12.9 13.6 14.1

Retail trade

24.9 30.5 -7.8 17.7

Transportation and warehousing

8.3 -47.2 18.1 -0.1

Information

-13 -7 -2 -4

Financial activities

-14 -10 -3 6

Professional and business services(1)

2 51 44 78

Temporary help services

30.0 -1.1 22.7 28.8

Education and health services(1)

56 29 41 45

Health care and social assistance

43.3 17.9 34.1 44.5

Leisure and hospitality

31 -3 48 37

Other services

14 2 14 5

Government

48 -26 -46 -14

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2)
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES

Total nonfarm women employees

49.9 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees

48.5 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.1 34.2 34.3 34.3

Average hourly earnings

$22.48 $22.86 $22.87 $22.87

Average weekly earnings

$766.57 $781.81 $784.44 $784.44

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

91.4 92.6 93.1 93.3

Over-the-month percent change

0.4 0.0 0.5 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

97.9 101.0 101.6 101.8

Over-the-month percent change

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6

Average hourly earnings

$18.93 $19.31 $19.32 $19.30

Average weekly earnings

$630.37 $644.95 $647.22 $648.48

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)

98.1 99.4 99.9 100.5

Over-the-month percent change

0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.6

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)

124.0 128.2 129.0 129.6

Over-the-month percent change

0.5 0.2 0.6 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX(5)
(Over 1-month span)

Total private

58.8 60.5 68.7 62.4

Manufacturing

53.7 73.5 66.0 63.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant
change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has
a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-
employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides
estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms
from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the
survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an
unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling
frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a
year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work
are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact
on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for
paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other
time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always,
results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be
off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while
some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of
all employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.


In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off.
The household survey collects data on the number of persons who usually work full
time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested
statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employ-
ment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey 
provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemploy-
ment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a 
sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Cen-
sus Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural busi-
ness establishments. The sample includes about 140,000 businesses and 
government agencies representing approximately 410,000 worksites and is 
drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment  in-
surance tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately one-
third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular 
week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is 
generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. 
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period 
including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employ-
ed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 
bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the follow-
ing criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they 
were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts 
to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need 
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment 
data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eli-
gibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed per-
sons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a per-
cent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-popula-
tion ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional 
information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/
cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as
well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees
on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsu-
pervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defin-
ed as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and 
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory em-
ployees in private service-providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s princi-
pal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American 
Industry Classification System. Additional information about the estab-
lishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the es-
tablishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and re-
calculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revi-
sions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,0001. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confi-
dence interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to 
+150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,0002). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is
about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies
within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in
fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employ-
ment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is 
likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in 
fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, 
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemploy-
ment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 280,000, and for 
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/-0.19 per-
centage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The pre-
cision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over 
time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwill-
ingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely 
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collec-
tion or processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only
after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly 
all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is consi-
dered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment
survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment
generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestima-
tion of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two compo-
nents is used to account for business births. The first component 
excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from 
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based esti-
mation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out 
of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the 
other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the 
net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to
estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for 
by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and 
test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance 
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net 
of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are ad-
justed once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll
employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment
insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based em-
ployment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a bench-
mark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. 
The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of 
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions  for 
total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 
-0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory im-
paired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal 
Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

237,159 238,851 239,000 237,159 238,715 238,889 238,704 238,851 239,000

Civilian labor force

153,660 152,635 153,022 153,895 153,950 153,690 153,186 153,246 153,406

Participation rate

64.8 63.9 64.0 64.9 64.5 64.3 64.2 64.2 64.2

Employed

137,983 138,093 138,962 138,952 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573 139,864

Employment-population ratio

58.2 57.8 58.1 58.6 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.4 58.5

Unemployed

15,678 14,542 14,060 14,943 15,041 14,485 13,863 13,673 13,542

Unemployment rate

10.2 9.5 9.2 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8

Not in labor force

83,499 86,216 85,977 83,264 84,765 85,199 85,518 85,605 85,594

Persons who currently want a job

5,719 6,405 6,250 5,996 6,248 6,471 6,410 6,410 6,509

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

114,821 115,907 115,988 114,821 115,640 115,731 115,828 115,907 115,988

Civilian labor force

81,949 81,360 81,491 81,942 81,986 81,845 81,544 81,720 81,674

Participation rate

71.4 70.2 70.3 71.4 70.9 70.7 70.4 70.5 70.4

Employed

72,253 72,796 73,187 73,163 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122 74,108

Employment-population ratio

62.9 62.8 63.1 63.7 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.9 63.9

Unemployed

9,696 8,564 8,304 8,778 8,649 8,245 7,744 7,598 7,566

Unemployment rate

11.8 10.5 10.2 10.7 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3 9.3

Not in labor force

32,872 34,548 34,497 32,879 33,653 33,886 34,284 34,187 34,313

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

106,198 107,292 107,381 106,198 107,114 107,216 107,203 107,292 107,381

Civilian labor force

79,059 78,672 78,788 78,841 78,980 78,906 78,506 78,795 78,764

Participation rate

74.4 73.3 73.4 74.2 73.7 73.6 73.2 73.4 73.4

Employed

70,238 70,842 71,207 70,977 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954 71,959

Employment-population ratio

66.1 66.0 66.3 66.8 66.4 66.7 66.8 67.1 67.0

Unemployed

8,821 7,829 7,581 7,864 7,849 7,426 6,917 6,841 6,805

Unemployment rate

11.2 10.0 9.6 10.0 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.6

Not in labor force

27,139 28,620 28,593 27,357 28,134 28,310 28,698 28,497 28,617

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

122,339 122,944 123,012 122,339 123,075 123,158 122,876 122,944 123,012

Civilian labor force

71,712 71,275 71,532 71,954 71,964 71,845 71,642 71,526 71,732

Participation rate

58.6 58.0 58.1 58.8 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.3

Employed

65,730 65,297 65,775 65,789 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451 65,756

Employment-population ratio

53.7 53.1 53.5 53.8 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.2 53.5

Unemployed

5,982 5,978 5,756 6,165 6,392 6,240 6,119 6,075 5,976

Unemployment rate

8.3 8.4 8.0 8.6 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3

Not in labor force

50,627 51,668 51,481 50,385 51,112 51,313 51,234 51,418 51,280

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

113,974 114,714 114,792 113,974 114,801 114,894 114,637 114,714 114,792

Civilian labor force

68,967 68,728 68,903 68,976 69,151 69,027 68,839 68,802 68,898

Participation rate

60.5 59.9 60.0 60.5 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.0 60.0

Employed

63,537 63,277 63,681 63,479 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319 63,566

Employment-population ratio

55.7 55.2 55.5 55.7 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.4

Unemployed

5,430 5,451 5,223 5,497 5,766 5,599 5,447 5,483 5,332

Unemployment rate

7.9 7.9 7.6 8.0 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7

Not in labor force

45,007 45,986 45,888 44,998 45,651 45,867 45,798 45,912 45,894

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,987 16,845 16,827 16,987 16,800 16,780 16,863 16,845 16,827

Civilian labor force

5,635 5,235 5,331 6,078 5,820 5,757 5,841 5,649 5,744

Participation rate

33.2 31.1 31.7 35.8 34.6 34.3 34.6 33.5 34.1

Employed

4,207 3,974 4,075 4,497 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300 4,339

Employment-population ratio

24.8 23.6 24.2 26.5 26.2 25.6 25.7 25.5 25.8

Unemployed

1,427 1,262 1,257 1,581 1,426 1,460 1,500 1,350 1,405

Unemployment rate

25.3 24.1 23.6 26.0 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9 24.5

Not in labor force

11,352 11,610 11,496 10,908 10,980 11,022 11,022 11,196 11,083

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

191,648 192,601 192,688 191,648 192,641 192,749 192,516 192,601 192,688

Civilian labor force

124,950 123,848 124,156 125,103 124,824 124,700 124,192 124,237 124,497

Participation rate

65.2 64.3 64.4 65.3 64.8 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.6

Employed

113,339 113,066 113,877 114,165 113,728 114,079 114,197 114,330 114,706

Employment-population ratio

59.1 58.7 59.1 59.6 59.0 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5

Unemployed

11,611 10,782 10,279 10,939 11,096 10,620 9,995 9,907 9,791

Unemployment rate

9.3 8.7 8.3 8.7 8.9 8.5 8.0 8.0 7.9

Not in labor force

66,698 68,752 68,532 66,545 67,817 68,049 68,325 68,364 68,191

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,277 64,866 64,890 65,062 65,088 65,041 64,673 64,919 64,864

Participation rate

74.8 73.8 73.8 74.6 74.1 74.0 73.6 73.9 73.7

Employed

58,701 58,939 59,254 59,279 59,137 59,484 59,586 59,860 59,850

Employment-population ratio

67.3 67.1 67.4 68.0 67.3 67.7 67.8 68.1 68.0

Unemployed

6,576 5,926 5,635 5,784 5,951 5,557 5,086 5,059 5,014

Unemployment rate

10.1 9.1 8.7 8.9 9.1 8.5 7.9 7.8 7.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,033 54,685 54,900 55,067 54,953 54,914 54,686 54,677 54,950

Participation rate

60.2 59.6 59.8 60.2 59.7 59.7 59.6 59.5 59.8

Employed

51,079 50,772 51,169 51,092 50,817 50,920 50,878 50,816 51,184

Employment-population ratio

55.9 55.3 55.7 55.9 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.7

Unemployed

3,954 3,913 3,730 3,975 4,136 3,994 3,808 3,860 3,766

Unemployment rate

7.2 7.2 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.1 6.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,640 4,297 4,367 4,974 4,783 4,746 4,833 4,641 4,683

Participation rate

35.8 33.4 34.0 38.4 37.3 37.1 37.5 36.1 36.4

Employed

3,559 3,354 3,454 3,794 3,775 3,676 3,732 3,654 3,672

Employment-population ratio

27.5 26.1 26.9 29.3 29.5 28.7 29.0 28.4 28.6

Unemployed

1,081 943 913 1,180 1,008 1,070 1,100 987 1,011

Unemployment rate

23.3 21.9 20.9 23.7 21.1 22.5 22.8 21.3 21.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

28,591 28,976 29,005 28,591 28,865 28,896 28,947 28,976 29,005

Civilian labor force

17,795 17,680 17,705 17,901 18,020 17,958 17,857 17,865 17,836

Participation rate

62.2 61.0 61.0 62.6 62.4 62.1 61.7 61.7 61.5

Employed

14,837 14,922 14,965 14,939 15,142 15,119 15,048 15,124 15,067

Employment-population ratio

51.9 51.5 51.6 52.3 52.5 52.3 52.0 52.2 51.9

Unemployed

2,957 2,758 2,740 2,962 2,878 2,839 2,809 2,741 2,769

Unemployment rate

16.6 15.6 15.5 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.7 15.3 15.5

Not in labor force

10,796 11,296 11,300 10,690 10,845 10,939 11,090 11,112 11,169

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,124 8,014 8,093 8,157 8,099 8,106 8,054 8,053 8,119

Participation rate

70.3 67.9 68.5 70.6 69.1 69.1 68.3 68.2 68.7

Employed

6,479 6,608 6,635 6,605 6,753 6,764 6,723 6,745 6,758

Employment-population ratio

56.1 56.0 56.1 57.2 57.6 57.6 57.1 57.2 57.2

Unemployed

1,645 1,406 1,458 1,552 1,346 1,341 1,331 1,309 1,361

Unemployment rate

20.2 17.5 18.0 19.0 16.6 16.5 16.5 16.2 16.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,004 9,095 8,990 9,029 9,228 9,204 9,146 9,185 9,050

Participation rate

62.7 62.5 61.7 62.9 63.6 63.3 62.9 63.1 62.1

Employed

7,954 7,956 7,953 7,913 8,017 7,993 7,966 7,993 7,923

Employment-population ratio

55.4 54.6 54.6 55.1 55.2 55.0 54.8 54.9 54.4

Unemployed

1,050 1,140 1,037 1,116 1,211 1,211 1,179 1,192 1,127

Unemployment rate

11.7 12.5 11.5 12.4 13.1 13.2 12.9 13.0 12.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

666 571 623 715 693 648 658 627 668

Participation rate

24.9 21.8 23.8 26.7 26.3 24.6 25.1 23.9 25.6

Employed

404 358 378 421 372 361 359 386 387

Employment-population ratio

15.1 13.7 14.5 15.7 14.1 13.7 13.7 14.7 14.8

Unemployed

262 212 245 294 321 287 299 241 281

Unemployment rate

39.3 37.2 39.3 41.1 46.3 44.2 45.4 38.4 42.1

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

11,089 11,345 11,301 - - - - - -

Civilian labor force

7,174 7,351 7,410 - - - - - -

Participation rate

64.7 64.8 65.6 - - - - - -

Employed

6,633 6,850 6,881 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

59.8 60.4 60.9 - - - - - -

Unemployed

541 502 529 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

7.5 6.8 7.1 - - - - - -

Not in labor force

3,915 3,994 3,892 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,414 34,079 34,155 33,414 34,102 34,188 34,001 34,079 34,155

Civilian labor force

22,656 22,373 22,585 22,697 22,915 22,868 22,823 22,519 22,676

Participation rate

67.8 65.7 66.1 67.9 67.2 66.9 67.1 66.1 66.4

Employed

19,650 19,580 19,896 19,854 19,899 19,906 20,099 19,912 20,105

Employment-population ratio

58.8 57.5 58.3 59.4 58.4 58.2 59.1 58.4 58.9

Unemployed

3,006 2,793 2,690 2,843 3,016 2,962 2,724 2,606 2,571

Unemployment rate

13.3 12.5 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.0 11.9 11.6 11.3

Not in labor force

10,758 11,706 11,570 10,716 11,188 11,320 11,178 11,561 11,479

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

12,857 12,844 12,889 - - - - - -

Participation rate

82.7 81.5 81.6 - - - - - -

Employed

11,211 11,282 11,452 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

72.1 71.6 72.5 - - - - - -

Unemployed

1,647 1,562 1,437 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

12.8 12.2 11.1 - - - - - -

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,763 8,645 8,788 - - - - - -

Participation rate

59.9 57.9 58.7 - - - - - -

Employed

7,716 7,685 7,825 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

52.7 51.5 52.3 - - - - - -

Unemployed

1,047 960 963 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

12.0 11.1 11.0 - - - - - -

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,035 884 909 - - - - - -

Participation rate

32.0 26.1 26.8 - - - - - -

Employed

724 613 619 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

22.4 18.1 18.3 - - - - - -

Unemployed

311 271 290 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

30.1 30.6 31.9 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

11,803 11,045 11,565 11,842 11,803 11,758 11,383 11,317 11,652

Participation rate

46.2 44.4 45.7 46.3 46.6 46.0 45.1 45.5 46.1

Employed

9,889 9,293 9,809 10,133 9,955 9,963 9,770 9,749 10,059

Employment-population ratio

38.7 37.4 38.8 39.7 39.3 39.0 38.7 39.2 39.8

Unemployed

1,914 1,752 1,756 1,709 1,848 1,795 1,613 1,568 1,593

Unemployment rate

16.2 15.9 15.2 14.4 15.7 15.3 14.2 13.9 13.7

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

39,202 37,806 37,541 38,670 37,824 38,203 37,513 37,525 37,171

Participation rate

62.6 60.7 60.6 61.7 61.1 60.9 60.3 60.3 60.0

Employed

34,527 33,750 33,604 34,487 34,035 34,465 33,972 33,965 33,654

Employment-population ratio

55.1 54.2 54.3 55.0 55.0 54.9 54.6 54.6 54.4

Unemployed

4,674 4,056 3,937 4,183 3,789 3,738 3,541 3,560 3,517

Unemployment rate

11.9 10.7 10.5 10.8 10.0 9.8 9.4 9.5 9.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

36,579 36,928 36,519 36,647 37,037 36,809 36,841 36,784 36,653

Participation rate

70.8 69.7 69.5 70.9 69.8 70.2 70.2 69.5 69.7

Employed

33,410 33,916 33,708 33,640 33,832 33,821 33,878 33,919 33,938

Employment-population ratio

64.7 64.0 64.1 65.1 63.8 64.5 64.6 64.1 64.6

Unemployed

3,170 3,012 2,811 3,007 3,205 2,988 2,963 2,865 2,715

Unemployment rate

8.7 8.2 7.7 8.2 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.8 7.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

45,742 46,520 46,979 45,747 46,322 46,312 46,263 46,591 46,919

Participation rate

77.1 76.8 77.0 77.1 76.6 76.9 76.4 76.9 76.9

Employed

43,570 44,495 44,943 43,540 43,952 44,095 44,322 44,588 44,843

Employment-population ratio

73.4 73.4 73.6 73.4 72.7 73.2 73.2 73.6 73.5

Unemployed

2,172 2,025 2,036 2,208 2,370 2,217 1,941 2,003 2,076

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.4 4.3 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.3 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

22,124 21,729 20,342 19,932 1,782 1,797

Civilian labor force

11,819 11,273 10,727 10,136 1,092 1,137

Participation rate

53.4 51.9 52.7 50.9 61.3 63.3

Employed

10,656 10,259 9,663 9,234 993 1,025

Employment-population ratio

48.2 47.2 47.5 46.3 55.7 57.0

Unemployed

1,163 1,014 1,064 902 99 112

Unemployment rate

9.8 9.0 9.9 8.9 9.1 9.9

Not in labor force

10,305 10,456 9,615 9,796 690 660

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,103 2,449 1,743 1,980 360 469

Civilian labor force

1,713 1,948 1,451 1,632 262 316

Participation rate

81.4 79.6 83.3 82.4 72.7 67.5

Employed

1,461 1,736 1,236 1,443 225 293

Employment-population ratio

69.5 70.9 70.9 72.9 62.4 62.4

Unemployed

252 213 215 189 37 24

Unemployment rate

14.7 10.9 14.8 11.6 14.2 7.5

Not in labor force

390 500 292 348 98 152

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,996 2,953 2,545 2,521 451 432

Civilian labor force

2,608 2,480 2,272 2,154 336 326

Participation rate

87.0 84.0 89.3 85.4 74.4 75.6

Employed

2,360 2,274 2,037 1,973 323 301

Employment-population ratio

78.8 77.0 80.1 78.3 71.6 69.6

Unemployed

248 207 235 181 13 26

Unemployment rate

9.5 8.3 10.3 8.4 3.8 7.9

Not in labor force

388 472 273 367 115 105

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

11,113 10,558 10,743 10,236 370 322

Civilian labor force

4,014 3,602 3,904 3,473 110 129

Participation rate

36.1 34.1 36.3 33.9 29.9 40.0

Employed

3,705 3,292 3,599 3,177 106 115

Employment-population ratio

33.3 31.2 33.5 31.0 28.7 35.8

Unemployed

309 310 305 296 4 14

Unemployment rate

7.7 8.6 7.8 8.5 3.8 10.6

Not in labor force

7,098 6,956 6,839 6,763 259 193

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,912 5,770 5,311 5,196 601 574

Civilian labor force

3,484 3,243 3,100 2,877 384 365

Participation rate

58.9 56.2 58.4 55.4 63.9 63.6

Employed

3,130 2,958 2,791 2,641 339 316

Employment-population ratio

52.9 51.3 52.5 50.8 56.4 55.1

Unemployed

354 285 309 236 45 49

Unemployment rate

10.2 8.8 10.0 8.2 11.7 13.4

Not in labor force

2,428 2,527 2,211 2,318 217 209

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

206,214 208,483 89,984 91,497 116,230 116,986

Civilian labor force

140,085 140,108 70,338 70,506 69,747 69,602

Participation rate

67.9 67.2 78.2 77.1 60.0 59.5

Employed

126,083 127,531 61,987 63,349 64,096 64,182

Employment-population ratio

61.1 61.2 68.9 69.2 55.1 54.9

Unemployed

14,002 12,577 8,351 7,157 5,651 5,420

Unemployment rate

10.0 9.0 11.9 10.2 8.1 7.8

Not in labor force

66,129 68,375 19,646 20,990 46,483 47,384

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

26,945 27,631 210,214 211,369

Civilian labor force

6,054 5,794 147,607 147,228

Participation rate

22.5 21.0 70.2 69.7

Employed

5,215 4,891 132,767 134,071

Employment-population ratio

19.4 17.7 63.2 63.4

Unemployed

839 903 14,839 13,157

Unemployment rate

13.9 15.6 10.1 8.9

Not in labor force

20,891 21,836 62,608 64,141

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,835 2,671 75,455 74,933

Participation rate

38.7 35.2 83.1 82.3

Employed

2,363 2,196 66,499 67,376

Employment-population ratio

32.2 29.0 73.2 74.0

Unemployed

472 474 8,956 7,557

Unemployment rate

16.6 17.8 11.9 10.1

Not in labor force

4,495 4,907 15,359 16,158

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,413 2,238 66,307 66,171

Participation rate

31.8 29.3 71.4 71.0

Employed

2,115 1,876 60,814 60,952

Employment-population ratio

27.8 24.5 65.4 65.4

Unemployed

298 362 5,493 5,219

Unemployment rate

12.4 16.2 8.3 7.9

Not in labor force

5,183 5,406 26,614 27,065

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

806 886 5,845 6,124

Participation rate

6.7 7.1 22.1 22.6

Employed

737 819 5,455 5,743

Employment-population ratio

6.1 6.6 20.6 21.2

Unemployed

69 67 390 380

Unemployment rate

8.5 7.6 6.7 6.2

Not in labor force

11,213 11,524 20,635 20,917

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,991 35,996 17,428 17,886 17,564 18,110

Civilian labor force

23,855 24,034 14,093 14,259 9,762 9,775

Participation rate

68.2 66.8 80.9 79.7 55.6 54.0

Employed

21,239 21,728 12,501 12,886 8,739 8,842

Employment-population ratio

60.7 60.4 71.7 72.0 49.8 48.8

Unemployed

2,616 2,306 1,592 1,373 1,024 933

Unemployment rate

11.0 9.6 11.3 9.6 10.5 9.5

Not in labor force

11,136 11,961 3,334 3,626 7,802 8,335

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

202,168 203,004 97,393 98,102 104,775 104,902

Civilian labor force

129,805 128,988 67,856 67,231 61,949 61,756

Participation rate

64.2 63.5 69.7 68.5 59.1 58.9

Employed

116,743 117,234 59,752 60,301 56,991 56,933

Employment-population ratio

57.7 57.7 61.4 61.5 54.4 54.3

Unemployed

13,062 11,754 8,104 6,931 4,958 4,823

Unemployment rate

10.1 9.1 11.9 10.3 8.0 7.8

Not in labor force

72,363 74,016 29,537 30,870 42,825 43,146

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,103 2,097 2,145 2,212 2,185 2,176 2,256 2,255 2,251

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,242 1,233 1,303 1,370 1,385 1,384 1,390 1,340 1,423

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

835 849 824 851 771 775 861 889 835

Unpaid family workers

26 15 17 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

135,880 135,996 136,818 136,842 136,752 137,001 137,088 137,443 137,738

Wage and salary workers(1)

127,009 127,336 128,060 127,745 127,728 128,043 128,151 128,664 128,800

Government

21,472 20,985 21,082 21,250 20,600 20,759 20,740 20,933 20,858

Private industries

105,537 106,351 106,978 106,515 107,146 107,303 107,409 107,681 107,946

Private households

733 688 695 - - - - - -

Other industries

104,804 105,663 106,283 105,770 106,516 106,665 106,774 106,965 107,251

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,797 8,573 8,652 8,937 8,832 8,783 8,864 8,688 8,773

Unpaid family workers

74 87 105 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

9,343 8,749 8,737 9,012 8,960 8,931 8,407 8,340 8,433

Slack work or business conditions

6,443 6,051 5,812 6,174 6,025 6,011 5,771 5,630 5,595

Could only find part-time work

2,611 2,402 2,529 2,351 2,557 2,568 2,510 2,415 2,332

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,739 18,669 18,912 18,334 18,326 18,184 17,929 18,220 18,417

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

9,210 8,633 8,537 8,903 8,822 8,789 8,242 8,248 8,265

Slack work or business conditions

6,343 5,974 5,708 6,093 5,941 5,911 5,661 5,558 5,504

Could only find part-time work

2,606 2,388 2,503 2,378 2,555 2,542 2,513 2,383 2,305

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,430 18,321 18,565 18,001 17,929 17,829 17,552 17,835 17,984

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

137,983 138,093 138,962 138,952 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573 139,864

16 to 19 years

4,207 3,974 4,075 4,497 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300 4,339

16 to 17 years

1,243 1,155 1,172 1,393 1,440 1,434 1,406 1,311 1,326

18 to 19 years

2,964 2,819 2,903 3,093 2,961 2,869 2,939 3,000 2,990

20 years and over

133,775 134,119 134,887 134,455 134,515 134,908 134,982 135,274 135,525

20 to 24 years

12,380 12,664 12,823 12,608 12,774 12,713 12,941 12,954 13,021

25 years and over

121,396 121,455 122,064 121,804 121,744 122,196 122,026 122,245 122,479

25 to 54 years

93,620 93,017 93,442 94,096 93,723 93,962 93,758 93,764 93,949

25 to 34 years

29,860 30,110 30,303 30,115 30,214 30,345 30,438 30,412 30,538

35 to 44 years

30,623 30,156 30,453 30,790 30,527 30,447 30,373 30,409 30,605

45 to 54 years

33,137 32,751 32,686 33,191 32,982 33,170 32,946 32,943 32,806

55 years and over

27,776 28,437 28,622 27,708 28,021 28,234 28,268 28,481 28,530

Men, 16 years and over

72,253 72,796 73,187 73,163 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122 74,108

16 to 19 years

2,014 1,953 1,980 2,187 2,206 2,121 2,211 2,168 2,149

16 to 17 years

602 562 604 688 688 695 717 668 688

18 to 19 years

1,412 1,391 1,376 1,492 1,524 1,420 1,471 1,495 1,454

20 years and over

70,238 70,842 71,207 70,977 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954 71,959

20 to 24 years

6,248 6,513 6,579 6,409 6,502 6,568 6,784 6,715 6,731

25 years and over

63,990 64,329 64,628 64,586 64,617 64,904 64,789 65,179 65,207

25 to 54 years

49,510 49,491 49,659 50,079 49,970 50,117 50,005 50,247 50,241

25 to 34 years

15,999 16,347 16,401 16,291 16,331 16,428 16,542 16,627 16,677

35 to 44 years

16,475 16,240 16,319 16,635 16,543 16,522 16,394 16,477 16,481

45 to 54 years

17,036 16,904 16,939 17,153 17,096 17,168 17,070 17,143 17,083

55 years and over

14,481 14,839 14,969 14,507 14,648 14,787 14,784 14,932 14,966

Women, 16 years and over

65,730 65,297 65,775 65,789 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451 65,756

16 to 19 years

2,193 2,021 2,095 2,310 2,187 2,177 2,130 2,132 2,190

16 to 17 years

640 593 568 705 752 739 689 644 638

18 to 19 years

1,552 1,428 1,527 1,602 1,437 1,449 1,468 1,506 1,537

20 years and over

63,537 63,277 63,681 63,479 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319 63,566

20 to 24 years

6,132 6,151 6,244 6,198 6,272 6,145 6,157 6,239 6,290

25 years and over

57,405 57,125 57,436 57,218 57,127 57,292 57,237 57,065 57,272

25 to 54 years

44,110 43,527 43,783 44,017 43,753 43,845 43,752 43,517 43,708

25 to 34 years

13,861 13,764 13,902 13,824 13,883 13,917 13,897 13,785 13,862

35 to 44 years

14,148 13,916 14,135 14,155 13,983 13,925 13,979 13,931 14,124

45 to 54 years

16,101 15,847 15,746 16,038 15,887 16,003 15,877 15,800 15,723

55 years and over

13,295 13,598 13,653 13,201 13,374 13,447 13,485 13,549 13,564

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

42,954 42,658 42,636 43,152 43,130 43,081 42,915 42,957 42,880

Married women, spouse present

34,900 34,579 34,292 34,810 34,543 34,612 34,571 34,496 34,236

Women who maintain families

8,688 8,499 8,744 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(1)

109,877 110,731 111,186 111,454 111,187 111,744 112,356 112,660 112,775

Part-time workers(2)

28,106 27,361 27,776 27,402 27,594 27,394 26,901 26,878 27,087

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,063 6,882 6,809 7,002 6,734 6,950 6,840 6,764 6,746

Percent of total employed

5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,446 5,221 5,169 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,632 9,421 9,476 9,788 9,603 9,559 9,724 9,577 9,608

Footnotes
(1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

14,943 13,673 13,542 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8

16 to 19 years

1,581 1,350 1,405 26.0 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9 24.5

16 to 17 years

591 531 542 29.8 24.9 27.1 27.8 28.8 29.0

18 to 19 years

990 820 869 24.2 24.2 24.5 24.6 21.5 22.5

20 years and over

13,362 12,323 12,137 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.3 8.2

20 to 24 years

2,351 2,352 2,297 15.7 15.9 15.3 15.2 15.4 15.0

25 years and over

11,013 10,013 9,858 8.3 8.4 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.4

25 to 54 years

9,000 8,049 7,933 8.7 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.9 7.8

25 to 34 years

3,344 3,146 3,068 10.0 10.4 10.1 9.3 9.4 9.1

35 to 44 years

2,852 2,436 2,361 8.5 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.2

45 to 54 years

2,804 2,467 2,504 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.1 7.0 7.1

55 years and over

2,043 1,962 1,969 6.9 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.5

Men, 16 years and over

8,778 7,598 7,566 10.7 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3 9.3

16 to 19 years

914 757 761 29.5 26.6 27.8 27.2 25.9 26.2

16 to 17 years

310 267 275 31.1 28.5 29.0 29.1 28.5 28.5

18 to 19 years

605 493 492 28.8 25.5 27.4 26.6 24.8 25.3

20 years and over

7,864 6,841 6,805 10.0 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7 8.6

20 to 24 years

1,429 1,315 1,319 18.2 18.1 16.9 15.9 16.4 16.4

25 years and over

6,401 5,565 5,486 9.0 9.0 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.8

25 to 54 years

5,237 4,428 4,396 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.3 8.1 8.0

25 to 34 years

2,038 1,743 1,703 11.1 10.9 10.6 9.8 9.5 9.3

35 to 44 years

1,581 1,327 1,287 8.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.2

45 to 54 years

1,617 1,358 1,406 8.6 9.2 8.3 7.5 7.3 7.6

55 years and over

1,164 1,137 1,090 7.4 8.0 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.8

Women, 16 years and over

6,165 6,075 5,976 8.6 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.3

16 to 19 years

668 593 644 22.4 22.3 22.8 24.0 21.8 22.7

16 to 17 years

281 264 267 28.5 21.2 25.2 26.4 29.1 29.5

18 to 19 years

386 327 377 19.4 22.8 21.5 22.5 17.8 19.7

20 years and over

5,497 5,483 5,332 8.0 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7

20 to 24 years

922 1,036 978 13.0 13.5 13.5 14.4 14.2 13.5

25 years and over

4,613 4,448 4,372 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.1

25 to 54 years

3,763 3,621 3,537 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.7 7.5

25 to 34 years

1,305 1,403 1,365 8.6 9.8 9.5 8.7 9.2 9.0

35 to 44 years

1,271 1,109 1,073 8.2 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.4 7.1

45 to 54 years

1,187 1,109 1,098 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.5

55 years and over(1)

841 825 846 6.0 6.2 5.8 6.3 5.7 5.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

3,128 2,641 2,688 6.8 6.9 6.6 5.8 5.8 5.9

Married women, spouse present

2,226 1,964 2,076 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.7

Women who maintain families(1)

1,102 1,273 1,224 11.3 13.0 12.0 12.7 13.0 12.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(2)

13,067 11,798 11,746 10.5 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.5 9.4

Part-time workers(3)

1,960 1,873 1,835 6.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.3

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

10,311 9,212 8,841 9,368 9,471 8,923 8,519 8,334 8,209

On temporary layoff

2,015 1,718 1,489 1,570 1,430 1,402 1,249 1,270 1,197

Not on temporary layoff

8,296 7,495 7,352 7,798 8,042 7,521 7,270 7,064 7,013

Permanent job losers

6,837 6,005 5,877 6,438 6,425 5,995 5,879 5,671 5,625

Persons who completed temporary jobs

1,459 1,489 1,475 1,360 1,617 1,526 1,391 1,393 1,388

Job leavers

856 888 857 893 864 914 910 898 896

Reentrants

3,521 3,338 3,233 3,523 3,427 3,408 3,357 3,352 3,262

New entrants

991 1,103 1,129 1,185 1,269 1,311 1,351 1,337 1,360

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

65.8 63.4 62.9 62.6 63.0 61.3 60.3 59.9 59.8

On temporary layoff

12.9 11.8 10.6 10.5 9.5 9.6 8.8 9.1 8.7

Not on temporary layoff

52.9 51.5 52.3 52.1 53.5 51.7 51.4 50.7 51.1

Job leavers

5.5 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5

Reentrants

22.5 23.0 23.0 23.5 22.8 23.4 23.7 24.1 23.8

New entrants

6.3 7.6 8.0 7.9 8.4 9.0 9.6 9.6 9.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

6.7 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.4

Job leavers

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants

2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1

New entrants

0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,402 2,263 2,161 2,654 2,824 2,725 2,678 2,390 2,449

5 to 14 weeks

3,599 3,801 3,230 3,210 3,336 3,184 3,016 3,094 2,914

15 weeks and over

9,676 8,478 8,669 8,966 8,843 8,647 8,495 8,172 8,078

15 to 26 weeks

2,966 2,420 2,407 2,449 2,515 2,205 2,285 2,179 1,957

27 weeks and over

6,711 6,058 6,263 6,517 6,328 6,441 6,210 5,993 6,122

Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)

32.1 36.7 39.8 31.7 33.9 34.2 36.9 37.1 39.0

Median duration, in weeks

21.6 20.6 22.7 20.3 21.7 22.4 21.8 21.2 21.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

15.3 15.6 15.4 17.9 18.8 18.7 18.9 17.5 18.2

5 to 14 weeks

23.0 26.1 23.0 21.6 22.2 21.9 21.3 22.7 21.7

15 weeks and over

61.7 58.3 61.7 60.5 58.9 59.4 59.9 59.8 60.1

15 to 26 weeks

18.9 16.6 17.1 16.5 16.8 15.2 16.1 16.0 14.6

27 weeks and over

42.8 41.7 44.5 43.9 42.2 44.3 43.8 43.9 45.5

Footnotes
(1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

Total, 16 years and over(1)

137,983 138,962 15,678 14,060 10.2 9.2

Management, professional, and related occupations

52,163 53,243 2,600 2,381 4.7 4.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21,267 21,598 1,212 1,082 5.4 4.8

Professional and related occupations

30,896 31,646 1,387 1,299 4.3 3.9

Service occupations

24,229 24,223 2,770 2,744 10.3 10.2

Sales and office occupations

33,527 33,000 3,352 3,082 9.1 8.5

Sales and related occupations

15,366 14,983 1,655 1,441 9.7 8.8

Office and administrative support occupations

18,161 18,018 1,697 1,642 8.5 8.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

12,758 12,575 3,028 2,464 19.2 16.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

852 876 238 225 21.8 20.4

Construction and extraction occupations

6,968 6,898 2,275 1,754 24.6 20.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,938 4,801 515 486 9.4 9.2

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

15,305 15,921 2,888 2,218 15.9 12.2

Production occupations

7,544 7,997 1,449 1,059 16.1 11.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

7,761 7,924 1,440 1,159 15.6 12.8

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

Total, 16 years and over(1)

15,678 14,060 10.2 9.2

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

12,901 11,288 10.9 9.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

73 46 10.1 5.9

Construction

2,251 1,695 24.9 20.0

Manufacturing

1,898 1,475 12.6 9.7

Durable goods

1,289 957 13.6 10.0

Nondurable goods

608 518 10.7 9.3

Wholesale and retail trade

2,097 1,796 10.1 8.8

Transportation and utilities

569 562 9.7 9.6

Information

322 236 10.4 7.6

Financial activities

717 649 7.7 7.1

Professional and business services

1,785 1,488 12.4 10.0

Education and health services

1,101 1,152 5.2 5.3

Leisure and hospitality

1,571 1,695 12.5 13.2

Other services

517 495 8.4 8.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

266 216 18.0 14.5

Government workers

881 888 3.9 4.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

639 540 6.2 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Mar.
2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.3 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.7 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

10.2 9.5 9.2 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9 8.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

10.8 10.1 9.7 10.3 10.5 10.2 9.6 9.5 9.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

11.5 11.1 10.6 11.0 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

17.5 16.7 16.2 16.8 17.0 16.7 16.1 15.9 15.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011
Mar.
2010
Mar.
2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

83,499 85,977 32,872 34,497 50,627 51,481

Persons who currently want a job

5,719 6,250 2,795 2,987 2,924 3,263

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,255 2,434 1,263 1,280 992 1,154

Discouraged workers(2)

994 921 624 569 370 351

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,261 1,513 639 711 622 802

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,063 6,809 3,536 3,292 3,527 3,517

Percent of total employed

5.1 4.9 4.9 4.5 5.4 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,821 3,659 2,110 1,994 1,712 1,664

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,823 1,816 613 555 1,210 1,261

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

258 240 174 180 84 60

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,126 1,048 618 537 508 511

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Change from:
Feb.2011 - Mar.2011(p)

Total nonfarm

128,584 128,183 128,982 129,907 129,438 130,328 130,522 130,738 216

Total private

105,671 106,079 106,527 107,360 106,916 108,102 108,342 108,572 230

Goods-producing

17,248 17,304 17,332 17,502 17,701 17,835 17,908 17,939 31

Mining and logging

668 723 726 744 680 739 743 758 15

Logging

47.7 46.8 47.4 47.3 50.4 48.1 48.7 49.8 1.1

Mining

620.6 676.6 678.1 696.9 629.8 691.0 694.3 707.9 13.6

Oil and gas extraction

155.6 162.4 163.4 166.4 156.8 163.4 164.9 167.7 2.8

Mining, except oil and gas(1)

193.6 195.3 195.5 200.4 200.7 205.1 205.8 207.2 1.4

Coal mining

79.2 83.2 82.6 84.4 79.1 83.2 83.0 84.3 1.3

Support activities for mining

271.4 318.9 319.2 330.1 272.3 322.5 323.6 333.0 9.4

Construction

5,213 5,067 5,074 5,183 5,550 5,478 5,515 5,514 -1

Construction of buildings

1,186.3 1,157.9 1,146.4 1,167.1 1,245.0 1,219.7 1,221.4 1,224.6 3.2

Residential building

553.1 528.3 527.5 535.9 585.1 562.4 565.9 566.5 0.6

Nonresidential building

633.2 629.6 618.9 631.2 659.9 657.3 655.5 658.1 2.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction

735.0 720.2 725.6 759.3 814.8 830.5 837.5 839.9 2.4

Specialty trade contractors

3,291.5 3,189.0 3,201.6 3,256.9 3,490.2 3,427.8 3,455.9 3,449.2 -6.7

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,388.0 1,338.5 1,339.7 1,354.9 1,487.5 1,445.9 1,454.6 1,446.6 -8.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

1,903.5 1,850.5 1,861.9 1,902.0 2,002.7 1,981.9 2,001.3 2,002.6 1.3

Manufacturing

11,367 11,514 11,532 11,575 11,471 11,618 11,650 11,667 17

Durable goods

6,960 7,132 7,151 7,185 7,010 7,183 7,210 7,227 17

Wood products

332.6 332.4 332.8 333.5 343.2 340.9 343.0 343.4 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral products

358.2 351.5 352.2 358.4 371.7 369.6 371.3 371.8 0.5

Primary metals

353.4 368.6 371.6 373.9 354.0 369.4 373.3 374.4 1.1

Fabricated metal products

1,253.4 1,318.1 1,317.8 1,329.5 1,262.0 1,323.2 1,329.5 1,337.7 8.2

Machinery

977.9 1,016.7 1,023.2 1,028.0 981.4 1,018.3 1,025.4 1,030.3 4.9

Computer and electronic products(1)

1,092.8 1,114.0 1,114.8 1,116.7 1,095.0 1,115.2 1,116.6 1,116.9 0.3

Computer and peripheral equipment

159.2 167.3 169.5 170.5 159.3 167.6 169.9 170.2 0.3

Communication equipment

116.2 119.5 117.4 117.7 116.6 119.2 117.2 118.2 1.0

Semiconductors and electronic components

365.6 377.4 378.2 379.1 366.3 377.5 378.7 378.9 0.2

Electronic instruments

406.1 405.2 404.5 404.4 406.9 406.3 405.6 404.9 -0.7

Electrical equipment and appliances

353.3 368.3 367.6 364.3 355.5 368.2 368.0 366.1 -1.9

Transportation equipment(1)

1,318.7 1,343.8 1,350.5 1,359.8 1,320.5 1,351.8 1,355.2 1,361.3 6.1

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

665.8 686.8 692.2 698.2 664.4 693.8 693.8 697.0 3.2

Furniture and related products

355.9 346.8 346.4 347.7 359.3 352.2 351.2 350.9 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing

563.7 571.5 574.5 572.7 567.2 574.2 576.0 574.6 -1.4

Nondurable goods

4,407 4,382 4,381 4,390 4,461 4,435 4,440 4,440 0

Food manufacturing

1,418.0 1,424.9 1,417.6 1,417.0 1,448.3 1,446.9 1,449.3 1,446.5 -2.8

Beverages and tobacco products

178.2 172.6 173.6 173.0 183.8 177.6 179.8 178.4 -1.4

Textile mills

118.9 118.7 119.9 120.5 119.2 119.9 120.7 120.8 0.1

Textile product mills

117.8 114.7 114.9 115.6 118.9 115.6 116.3 116.2 -0.1

Apparel

158.5 154.5 155.9 154.9 159.0 157.9 156.0 155.3 -0.7

Leather and allied products

27.4 27.8 28.8 29.4 27.6 28.2 29.1 29.4 0.3

Paper and paper products

392.6 396.3 394.5 395.0 395.7 396.5 396.4 397.4 1.0

Printing and related support activities

487.4 471.9 470.8 473.3 489.5 476.4 474.7 475.5 0.8

Petroleum and coal products

109.8 105.2 107.0 109.7 113.3 111.6 112.7 113.5 0.8

Chemicals

784.8 771.2 773.3 774.6 786.6 773.9 775.3 776.1 0.8

Plastics and rubber products

613.8 624.6 624.3 627.4 618.9 630.2 629.9 631.2 1.3

Private service-providing

88,423 88,775 89,195 89,858 89,215 90,267 90,434 90,633 199

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,278 24,538 24,379 24,522 24,559 24,740 24,765 24,797 32

Wholesale trade

5,410.4 5,440.5 5,452.1 5,487.3 5,444.6 5,492.4 5,506.0 5,520.1 14.1

Durable goods

2,694.3 2,725.2 2,734.2 2,748.6 2,708.9 2,744.6 2,754.8 2,763.8 9.0

Nondurable goods

1,917.6 1,912.4 1,913.7 1,930.6 1,934.0 1,939.6 1,941.3 1,944.8 3.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

798.5 802.9 804.2 808.1 801.7 808.2 809.9 811.5 1.6

Retail trade

14,203.6 14,372.6 14,195.0 14,289.3 14,408.4 14,477.7 14,469.9 14,487.6 17.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)

1,599.4 1,621.0 1,630.4 1,641.5 1,614.8 1,650.8 1,654.8 1,656.7 1.9

Automobile dealers

997.0 1,011.0 1,016.8 1,020.4 1,002.0 1,023.3 1,025.2 1,024.9 -0.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores

432.4 440.1 428.3 426.3 438.7 435.4 434.1 433.0 -1.1

Electronics and appliance stores

491.5 504.0 493.7 491.6 492.5 500.0 496.1 494.0 -2.1

Building material and garden supply stores

1,131.5 1,061.1 1,065.9 1,111.3 1,149.0 1,117.3 1,113.7 1,121.5 7.8

Food and beverage stores

2,778.7 2,801.0 2,787.6 2,786.0 2,806.9 2,816.1 2,815.5 2,813.9 -1.6

Health and personal care stores

973.9 972.2 965.3 961.2 979.9 971.9 970.0 967.9 -2.1

Gasoline stations

804.0 803.6 799.4 805.3 814.4 814.9 812.0 814.9 2.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,318.2 1,414.0 1,363.1 1,365.5 1,364.0 1,412.1 1,413.6 1,415.7 2.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

584.6 611.9 588.9 582.5 602.1 597.6 598.5 599.2 0.7

General merchandise stores(1)

2,935.0 2,982.8 2,917.8 2,969.3 2,964.6 2,987.2 2,989.1 2,996.1 7.0

Department stores

1,453.2 1,513.9 1,464.0 1,478.0 1,484.8 1,498.9 1,501.9 1,506.3 4.4

Miscellaneous store retailers

746.5 743.8 748.9 746.4 765.0 758.7 759.0 762.9 3.9

Nonstore retailers

407.9 417.1 405.7 402.4 416.5 415.7 413.5 411.8 -1.7

Transportation and warehousing

4,111.2 4,177.5 4,183.3 4,196.3 4,151.5 4,221.2 4,239.3 4,239.2 -0.1

Air transportation

461.7 466.6 468.5 471.2 462.5 469.3 470.7 471.3 0.6

Rail transportation

210.8 217.2 218.9 219.2 211.7 219.1 220.0 220.0 0.0

Water transportation

60.3 63.0 62.8 63.0 62.6 65.1 65.9 65.3 -0.6

Truck transportation

1,207.9 1,228.0 1,230.9 1,240.1 1,234.5 1,255.2 1,265.6 1,267.2 1.6

Transit and ground passenger transportation

436.5 454.0 454.3 455.0 424.0 443.9 444.6 443.9 -0.7

Pipeline transportation

42.4 42.6 42.5 42.8 42.7 42.4 42.6 43.0 0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

20.7 19.4 20.4 21.5 27.2 27.1 27.4 27.8 0.4

Support activities for transportation

532.3 541.3 548.1 547.3 536.9 546.1 550.0 551.2 1.2

Couriers and messengers

513.9 522.8 515.1 514.4 521.3 524.9 524.2 524.1 -0.1

Warehousing and storage

624.7 622.6 621.8 621.8 628.1 628.1 628.3 625.4 -2.9

Utilities

553.0 547.2 548.4 548.9 554.3 548.9 550.1 549.9 -0.2

Information

2,715 2,663 2,679 2,678 2,718 2,687 2,685 2,681 -4

Publishing industries, except Internet

761.5 753.7 754.3 755.5 762.5 756.2 756.8 756.9 0.1

Motion picture and sound recording industries

365.4 352.0 366.0 368.5 367.0 371.1 370.3 370.5 0.2

Broadcasting, except Internet

293.5 295.3 295.8 294.8 294.3 295.8 296.8 295.5 -1.3

Telecommunications

913.4 876.9 875.9 869.8 912.7 876.8 873.1 869.3 -3.8

Data processing, hosting and related services

243.6 238.0 238.3 239.8 243.0 239.8 239.6 239.1 -0.5

Other information services

137.6 146.7 148.4 149.6 138.5 147.0 148.5 150.0 1.5

Financial activities

7,606 7,560 7,561 7,573 7,643 7,607 7,604 7,610 6

Finance and insurance

5,695.1 5,666.0 5,662.0 5,660.3 5,698.0 5,677.0 5,667.8 5,663.4 -4.4

Monetary authorities - central bank

20.6 21.0 20.8 21.1 20.6 21.1 21.0 21.1 0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities(1)

2,543.5 2,542.5 2,538.9 2,534.5 2,543.6 2,543.9 2,538.5 2,535.3 -3.2

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,726.6 1,743.9 1,741.7 1,741.3 1,730.3 1,743.1 1,743.0 1,743.8 0.8

Commercial banking

1,303.7 1,316.4 1,314.7 1,314.4 1,305.0 1,315.8 1,315.2 1,316.0 0.8

Securities, commodity contracts, investments

795.6 802.5 804.7 806.5 795.5 804.7 806.0 806.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,249.0 2,213.0 2,210.4 2,211.7 2,251.6 2,220.1 2,215.1 2,213.4 -1.7

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles

86.4 87.0 87.2 86.5 86.7 87.2 87.2 87.0 -0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

1,910.6 1,893.9 1,898.7 1,913.0 1,944.6 1,929.5 1,936.6 1,946.1 9.5

Real estate

1,378.9 1,368.6 1,374.8 1,377.9 1,398.8 1,390.8 1,395.6 1,397.6 2.0

Rental and leasing services

506.3 499.8 498.5 509.5 520.1 513.0 515.4 522.8 7.4

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

25.4 25.5 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.6 25.7 0.1

Professional and business services

16,343 16,601 16,736 16,879 16,546 16,953 16,997 17,075 78

Professional and technical services(1)

7,467.9 7,513.7 7,576.4 7,600.3 7,403.3 7,486.6 7,494.2 7,528.9 34.7

Legal services

1,109.1 1,107.2 1,106.2 1,108.4 1,113.4 1,115.1 1,113.1 1,112.6 -0.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services

1,005.2 977.6 1,019.4 1,018.0 891.1 883.3 878.0 898.2 20.2

Architectural and engineering services

1,260.8 1,262.3 1,263.1 1,271.1 1,279.2 1,280.5 1,284.2 1,289.4 5.2

Computer systems design and related services

1,416.7 1,467.3 1,472.2 1,473.9 1,424.9 1,472.1 1,475.8 1,482.2 6.4

Management and technical consulting services

981.7 1,000.1 1,009.9 1,010.0 989.2 1,011.8 1,017.6 1,017.3 -0.3

Management of companies and enterprises

1,849.9 1,862.0 1,862.5 1,867.0 1,855.3 1,871.4 1,871.5 1,872.5 1.0

Administrative and waste services

7,024.7 7,225.5 7,297.2 7,411.2 7,287.3 7,594.6 7,631.4 7,673.4 42.0

Administrative and support services(1)

6,681.2 6,872.2 6,945.2 7,059.4 6,936.3 7,234.7 7,270.4 7,313.3 42.9

Employment services(1)

2,517.3 2,693.0 2,756.4 2,817.0 2,639.4 2,867.1 2,899.2 2,935.1 35.9

Temporary help services

1,908.1 2,066.0 2,111.0 2,161.8 2,006.2 2,206.1 2,228.8 2,257.6 28.8

Business support services

809.4 804.6 810.7 813.3 804.6 805.4 808.3 809.2 0.9

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,591.3 1,605.5 1,600.2 1,636.5 1,715.5 1,770.5 1,765.2 1,764.1 -1.1

Waste management and remediation services

343.5 353.3 352.0 351.8 351.0 359.9 361.0 360.1 -0.9

Education and health services

19,599 19,670 19,925 20,019 19,455 19,789 19,830 19,875 45

Educational services

3,284.8 3,113.6 3,336.5 3,352.7 3,131.1 3,190.0 3,196.9 3,198.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance

16,314.4 16,556.0 16,588.3 16,666.1 16,323.8 16,598.5 16,632.6 16,677.1 44.5

Health care(3)

13,694.6 13,894.5 13,921.5 13,977.6 13,722.2 13,935.8 13,968.4 14,005.0 36.6

Ambulatory health care services(1)

5,924.2 6,031.2 6,060.8 6,085.1 5,935.1 6,056.1 6,079.3 6,096.9 17.6

Offices of physicians

2,305.7 2,328.8 2,334.0 2,343.0 2,309.6 2,333.4 2,338.9 2,346.5 7.6

Outpatient care centers

594.4 610.0 613.7 614.4 594.6 611.8 614.3 615.0 0.7

Home health care services

1,065.9 1,098.1 1,107.5 1,113.5 1,067.9 1,105.0 1,113.6 1,115.6 2.0

Hospitals

4,665.7 4,705.4 4,705.8 4,719.7 4,674.4 4,712.0 4,717.4 4,727.6 10.2

Nursing and residential care facilities(1)

3,104.7 3,157.9 3,154.9 3,172.8 3,112.7 3,167.7 3,171.7 3,180.5 8.8

Nursing care facilities

1,649.4 1,675.3 1,668.5 1,678.6 1,654.2 1,679.4 1,678.1 1,682.8 4.7

Social assistance(1)

2,619.8 2,661.5 2,666.8 2,688.5 2,601.6 2,662.7 2,664.2 2,672.1 7.9

Child day care services

868.3 868.6 870.6 879.2 849.9 860.2 858.6 860.7 2.1

Leisure and hospitality

12,578 12,399 12,531 12,774 12,963 13,071 13,119 13,156 37

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,740.3 1,652.8 1,690.8 1,738.9 1,896.0 1,886.5 1,895.8 1,898.3 2.5

Performing arts and spectator sports

369.9 360.0 379.8 386.3 393.6 406.8 413.5 413.5 0.0

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks

119.3 115.4 117.4 121.3 128.3 128.0 129.3 129.6 0.3

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,251.1 1,177.4 1,193.6 1,231.3 1,374.1 1,351.7 1,353.0 1,355.2 2.2

Accommodation and food services

10,837.9 10,746.0 10,840.3 11,034.9 11,066.6 11,184.3 11,223.2 11,257.7 34.5

Accommodation

1,678.5 1,678.0 1,689.5 1,715.2 1,743.5 1,769.0 1,772.1 1,780.1 8.0

Food services and drinking places

9,159.4 9,068.0 9,150.8 9,319.7 9,323.1 9,415.3 9,451.1 9,477.6 26.5

Other services

5,304 5,344 5,384 5,413 5,331 5,420 5,434 5,439 5

Repair and maintenance

1,127.8 1,129.8 1,140.1 1,150.2 1,130.7 1,148.5 1,150.7 1,152.3 1.6

Personal and laundry services

1,259.1 1,248.3 1,261.1 1,273.0 1,266.1 1,268.0 1,276.2 1,279.3 3.1

Membership associations and organizations

2,916.8 2,965.9 2,983.1 2,989.4 2,933.8 3,003.3 3,007.1 3,007.5 0.4

Government

22,913 22,104 22,455 22,547 22,522 22,226 22,180 22,166 -14

Federal

2,905.0 2,828.0 2,827.0 2,832.0 2,926.0 2,850.0 2,851.0 2,852.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,244.2 2,189.4 2,196.1 2,205.4 2,261.4 2,210.8 2,216.0 2,221.2 5.2

U.S. Postal Service

661.2 638.7 630.4 626.4 664.9 639.1 634.6 630.7 -3.9

State government

5,280.0 5,049.0 5,232.0 5,253.0 5,142.0 5,136.0 5,119.0 5,119.0 0.0

State government education

2,506.7 2,322.0 2,515.9 2,533.1 2,361.8 2,396.0 2,390.1 2,391.5 1.4

State government, excluding education

2,773.5 2,727.1 2,716.1 2,720.2 2,780.6 2,739.6 2,728.7 2,727.6 -1.1

Local government

14,728.0 14,227.0 14,396.0 14,462.0 14,454.0 14,240.0 14,210.0 14,195.0 -15.0

Local government education

8,432.1 8,047.1 8,214.7 8,271.9 8,058.3 7,939.3 7,916.1 7,906.9 -9.2

Local government, excluding education

6,296.2 6,179.9 6,181.3 6,190.2 6,395.8 6,300.8 6,294.0 6,288.0 -6.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.1 34.2 34.3 34.3

Goods-producing

39.3 39.6 39.9 39.8

Mining and logging

43.3 44.1 44.0 44.3

Construction

37.3 37.3 38.0 37.8

Manufacturing

40.0 40.4 40.6 40.5

Durable goods

40.3 40.7 40.9 40.9

Nondurable goods

39.6 39.9 40.0 40.0

Private service-providing

33.0 33.1 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.2 34.4 34.5 34.5

Wholesale trade

37.9 38.4 38.5 38.6

Retail trade

31.4 31.3 31.4 31.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.1 38.7 38.8 39.0

Utilities

40.6 41.8 41.3 41.9

Information

36.5 36.5 36.6 36.7

Financial activities

36.9 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services

35.3 35.7 35.7 35.7

Education and health services

32.8 32.7 32.7 32.7

Leisure and hospitality

25.8 25.8 25.8 25.9

Other services

31.6 31.6 31.6 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

2.9 3.1 3.3 3.3

Durable goods

2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3

Nondurable goods

3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

Total private

$22.48 $22.86 $22.87 $22.87 $766.57 $781.81 $784.44 $784.44

Goods-producing

23.92 24.40 24.27 24.28 940.06 966.24 968.37 966.34

Mining and logging

27.04 27.99 27.97 28.02 1,170.83 1,234.36 1,230.68 1,241.29

Construction

25.17 25.42 25.40 25.41 938.84 948.17 965.20 960.50

Manufacturing

23.16 23.70 23.51 23.51 926.40 957.48 954.51 952.16

Durable goods

24.65 25.23 25.00 24.99 993.40 1,026.86 1,022.50 1,022.09

Nondurable goods

20.78 21.17 21.04 21.06 822.89 844.68 841.60 842.40

Private service-providing

22.14 22.50 22.54 22.54 730.62 744.75 748.33 748.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities

19.58 19.83 19.86 19.86 669.64 682.15 685.17 685.17

Wholesale trade

26.08 26.20 26.18 26.10 988.43 1,006.08 1,007.93 1,007.46

Retail trade

15.54 15.65 15.68 15.65 487.96 489.85 492.35 491.41

Transportation and warehousing

20.86 21.30 21.42 21.51 794.77 824.31 831.10 838.89

Utilities

32.28 33.19 33.10 33.33 1,310.57 1,387.34 1,367.03 1,396.53

Information

30.25 31.13 31.30 31.17 1,104.13 1,136.25 1,145.58 1,143.94

Financial activities

27.10 27.55 27.57 27.55 999.99 1,019.35 1,020.09 1,019.35

Professional and business services

27.15 27.38 27.49 27.56 958.40 977.47 981.39 983.89

Education and health services

22.73 23.34 23.40 23.40 745.54 763.22 765.18 765.18

Leisure and hospitality

13.09 13.18 13.15 13.14 337.72 340.04 339.27 340.33

Other services

20.11 20.41 20.40 20.30 635.48 644.96 644.64 643.51

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2011 - Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2011 - Mar.
2011(p)

Total private

91.4 92.6 93.1 93.3 0.2 97.9 101.0 101.6 101.8 0.2

Goods-producing

79.3 80.5 81.4 81.3 -0.1 85.7 88.7 89.3 89.3 0.0

Mining and logging

92.5 102.4 102.7 105.5 2.7 100.4 115.1 115.4 118.7 2.9

Construction

71.3 70.4 72.2 71.8 -0.6 78.0 77.8 79.7 79.3 -0.5

Manufacturing

82.5 84.4 85.1 85.0 -0.1 88.9 93.1 93.0 92.9 -0.1

Durable goods

79.5 82.3 83.0 83.2 0.2 87.1 92.2 92.2 92.4 0.2

Nondurable goods

88.2 88.3 88.6 88.6 0.0 93.0 94.9 94.6 94.7 0.1

Private service-providing

94.6 96.0 96.4 96.6 0.2 101.4 104.6 105.3 105.5 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

91.3 92.5 92.9 93.0 0.1 96.2 98.7 99.3 99.4 0.1

Wholesale trade

90.0 92.0 92.5 93.0 0.5 98.0 100.6 101.1 101.3 0.2

Retail trade

91.9 92.0 92.3 92.4 0.1 94.4 95.2 95.7 95.6 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing

90.5 93.5 94.1 94.6 0.5 95.8 101.1 102.3 103.3 1.0

Utilities

97.3 99.2 98.3 99.7 1.4 103.8 108.8 107.5 109.8 2.1

Information

90.6 89.6 89.7 89.9 0.2 97.6 99.3 100.0 99.7 -0.3

Financial activities

92.9 92.7 92.7 92.8 0.1 98.3 99.7 99.8 99.8 0.0

Professional and business services

91.9 95.2 95.4 95.9 0.5 101.0 105.6 106.3 107.0 0.7

Education and health services

103.9 105.3 105.5 105.8 0.3 110.6 115.2 115.7 116.0 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

95.4 96.2 96.6 97.2 0.6 100.8 102.3 102.5 103.1 0.6

Other services

93.3 94.9 95.1 95.5 0.4 106.5 109.9 110.1 110.1 0.0

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

Total nonfarm

64,649 64,662 64,728 64,814 49.9 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private

51,810 52,037 52,112 52,199 48.5 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing

4,105 4,067 4,068 4,071 23.2 22.8 22.7 22.7

Mining and logging

96 101 102 103 14.1 13.7 13.7 13.6

Construction

736 712 713 711 13.3 13.0 12.9 12.9

Manufacturing

3,273 3,254 3,253 3,257 28.5 28.0 27.9 27.9

Durable goods

1,727 1,724 1,725 1,728 24.6 24.0 23.9 23.9

Nondurable goods

1,546 1,530 1,528 1,529 34.7 34.5 34.4 34.4

Private service-providing

47,705 47,970 48,044 48,128 53.5 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,039 9,991 9,997 10,007 40.9 40.4 40.4 40.4

Wholesale trade

1,647.5 1,650.1 1,655.1 1,656.0 30.3 30.0 30.1 30.0

Retail trade

7,251.7 7,205.2 7,205.4 7,216.1 50.3 49.8 49.8 49.8

Transportation and warehousing

998.8 1,001.0 1,001.8 1,000.5 24.1 23.7 23.6 23.6

Utilities

140.5 134.3 134.3 134.6 25.3 24.5 24.4 24.5

Information

1,114 1,094 1,092 1,093 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.8

Financial activities

4,513 4,451 4,439 4,447 59.0 58.5 58.4 58.4

Professional and business services

7,401 7,512 7,554 7,575 44.7 44.3 44.4 44.4

Education and health services

15,019 15,223 15,244 15,265 77.2 76.9 76.9 76.8

Leisure and hospitality

6,794 6,832 6,850 6,877 52.4 52.3 52.2 52.3

Other services

2,825 2,867 2,868 2,864 53.0 52.9 52.8 52.7

Government

12,839 12,625 12,616 12,615 57.0 56.8 56.9 56.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

Total private

88,134 89,058 89,274 89,492

Goods-producing

12,744 12,845 12,897 12,942

Mining and logging

502 555 557 569

Construction

4,201 4,157 4,183 4,189

Manufacturing

8,041 8,133 8,157 8,184

Durable goods

4,789 4,906 4,929 4,955

Nondurable goods

3,252 3,227 3,228 3,229

Private service-providing

75,390 76,213 76,377 76,550

Trade, transportation, and utilities

20,835 20,926 20,946 20,963

Wholesale trade

4,384.5 4,395.8 4,407.2 4,419.5

Retail trade

12,395.3 12,458.2 12,458.0 12,464.2

Transportation and warehousing

3,608.2 3,635.1 3,643.1 3,641.2

Utilities

446.6 436.8 437.9 437.8

Information

2,162 2,158 2,159 2,149

Financial activities

5,910 5,835 5,831 5,831

Professional and business services

13,552 13,917 13,971 14,049

Education and health services

17,050 17,343 17,374 17,412

Leisure and hospitality

11,429 11,491 11,543 11,587

Other services

4,452 4,543 4,553 4,559

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6

Goods-producing

40.0 40.2 40.7 40.7

Mining and logging

44.2 46.2 45.8 46.2

Construction

37.7 37.6 38.6 38.5

Manufacturing

41.0 41.1 41.4 41.5

Durable goods

41.2 41.5 41.7 41.9

Nondurable goods

40.7 40.5 40.8 40.8

Private service-providing

32.2 32.3 32.3 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.1 33.5 33.6 33.8

Wholesale trade

37.8 38.3 38.4 38.5

Retail trade

30.1 30.4 30.3 30.5

Transportation and warehousing

36.7 37.4 37.9 38.1

Utilities

41.5 42.4 42.2 42.6

Information

36.5 36.3 36.4 36.3

Financial activities

36.1 36.3 36.3 36.2

Professional and business services

35.0 35.1 35.2 35.1

Education and health services

32.1 32.1 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality

25.0 24.7 24.8 24.9

Other services

30.7 30.7 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.7 4.1 4.2 4.3

Durable goods

3.7 4.1 4.3 4.4

Nondurable goods

3.7 4.0 4.0 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)

Total private

$18.93 $19.31 $19.32 $19.30 $630.37 $644.95 $647.22 $648.48

Goods-producing

20.16 20.55 20.58 20.59 806.40 826.11 837.61 838.01

Mining and logging

23.85 24.14 24.24 24.38 1,054.17 1,115.27 1,110.19 1,126.36

Construction

23.12 23.48 23.49 23.48 871.62 882.85 906.71 903.98

Manufacturing

18.49 18.91 18.91 18.92 758.09 777.20 782.87 785.18

Durable goods

19.68 20.14 20.12 20.09 810.82 835.81 839.00 841.77

Nondurable goods

16.72 16.99 17.02 17.07 680.50 688.10 694.42 696.46

Private service-providing

18.67 19.05 19.05 19.02 601.17 615.32 615.32 616.25

Trade, transportation, and utilities

16.72 17.04 17.03 17.02 553.43 570.84 572.21 575.28

Wholesale trade

21.36 21.90 21.86 21.86 807.41 838.77 839.42 841.61

Retail trade

13.17 13.37 13.37 13.35 396.42 406.45 405.11 407.18

Transportation and warehousing

19.12 19.47 19.38 19.30 701.70 728.18 734.50 735.33

Utilities

29.65 30.23 30.15 30.59 1,230.48 1,281.75 1,272.33 1,303.13

Information

25.64 26.23 26.32 26.14 935.86 952.15 958.05 948.88

Financial activities

21.40 21.74 21.63 21.64 772.54 789.16 785.17 783.37

Professional and business services

22.62 23.02 23.02 23.06 791.70 808.00 810.30 809.41

Education and health services

19.91 20.48 20.50 20.45 639.11 657.41 660.10 656.45

Leisure and hospitality

11.32 11.32 11.35 11.36 283.00 279.60 281.48 282.86

Other services

16.98 17.22 17.21 17.14 521.29 528.65 528.35 527.91

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2011 - Mar.
2011(p)
Mar.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011(p)
Mar.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2011 - Mar.
2011(p)

Total private

98.1 99.4 99.9 100.5 0.6 124.0 128.2 129.0 129.6 0.5

Goods-producing

77.9 78.9 80.2 80.5 0.4 96.2 99.3 101.1 101.5 0.4

Mining and logging

117.9 136.3 135.6 139.7 3.0 163.5 191.3 191.1 198.1 3.7

Construction

79.3 78.3 80.8 80.8 0.0 99.0 99.2 102.5 102.4 -0.1

Manufacturing

75.7 76.7 77.5 77.9 0.5 91.5 94.9 95.8 96.4 0.6

Durable goods

74.1 76.5 77.2 78.0 1.0 91.1 96.2 97.0 97.8 0.8

Nondurable goods

78.0 77.0 77.6 77.6 0.0 92.1 92.5 93.3 93.6 0.3

Private service-providing

103.8 105.3 105.5 106.1 0.6 132.9 137.5 137.8 138.3 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

96.1 97.7 98.1 98.8 0.7 114.7 118.8 119.2 119.9 0.6

Wholesale trade

97.6 99.1 99.7 100.2 0.5 122.8 127.9 128.3 129.0 0.5

Retail trade

94.4 95.9 95.5 96.2 0.7 106.6 109.9 109.5 110.1 0.5

Transportation and warehousing

99.7 102.3 103.9 104.4 0.5 120.9 126.4 127.8 127.9 0.1

Utilities

94.8 94.7 94.5 95.4 1.0 117.3 119.5 118.9 121.8 2.4

Information

90.1 89.4 89.7 89.1 -0.7 114.3 116.1 116.9 115.2 -1.5

Financial activities

102.1 101.4 101.3 101.0 -0.3 135.1 136.2 135.5 135.2 -0.2

Professional and business services

106.3 109.5 110.2 110.5 0.3 143.1 150.0 151.0 151.6 0.4

Education and health services

118.1 120.1 120.7 120.6 -0.1 154.5 161.7 162.6 162.1 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality

104.7 104.0 104.9 105.8 0.9 134.6 133.7 135.2 136.4 0.9

Other services

95.9 97.8 98.1 98.5 0.4 118.6 122.8 123.0 123.0 0.0

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: April 01, 2011