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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                       USDL-12-2164
until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 2, 2012

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- OCTOBER 2012


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 171,000 in October, and the unemployment
rate was essentially unchanged at 7.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. Employment rose in professional and business services, health care,
and retail trade.

   _______________________________________________________________________________
  |                                                                               |
  |                                Hurricane Sandy                                |
  |                                                                               |
  |Hurricane Sandy had no discernable effect on the employment and unemployment   |
  |data for October. Household survey data collection was completed before the    |
  |storm, and establishment survey data collection rates were within normal ranges|
  |nationally and for the affected areas. For information on how unusually severe |
  |weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked|
  |Questions section of this release.                                             |
  |                                                                               |
  |_______________________________________________________________________________|
  

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate (7.9 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (12.3
million) were essentially unchanged in October, following declines in September.
(See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for blacks increased to 14.3
percent in October, while the rates for adult men (7.3 percent), adult women (7.2
percent), teenagers (23.7 percent), whites (7.0 percent), and Hispanics (10.0 percent)
showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians was 4.9 percent in October
(not seasonally adjusted), down from 7.3 percent a year earlier. (See tables A-1,
A-2, and A-3.)

In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
was little changed at 5.0 million. These individuals accounted for 40.6 percent of
the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force rose by 578,000 to 155.6 million in October, and the labor
force participation rate edged up to 63.8 percent. Total employment rose by 410,000
over the month. The employment-population ratio was essentially unchanged at 58.8
percent, following an increase of 0.4 percentage point in September. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) fell by 269,000 to 8.3 million in October, partially
offsetting an increase of 582,000 in September. These individuals were working part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a
full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In October, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little
different from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed 
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See
table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 813,000 discouraged workers in October, a
decline of 154,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.)
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe
no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 million persons marginally attached
to the labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See
table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 171,000 in October. Employment growth
has averaged 157,000 per month thus far in 2012, about the same as the average monthly
gain of 153,000 in 2011. In October, employment rose in professional and business
services, health care, and retail trade. (See table B-1.)

Professional and business services added 51,000 jobs in October, with gains in 
services to buildings and dwellings (+13,000) and in computer systems design (+7,000).
Temporary help employment changed little in October and has shown little net change 
over the past 3 months. Employment in professional and business services has grown by
1.6 million since its most recent low point in September 2009.

Health care added 31,000 jobs in October. Job gains continued in ambulatory health
care services (+25,000) and hospitals (+6,000). Over the past year, employment in
health care has risen by 296,000.

Retail trade added 36,000 jobs in October, with gains in motor vehicles and parts dealers 
(+7,000), and in furniture and home furnishings stores (+4,000). Retail trade has added
82,000 jobs over the past 3 months, with most of the gain occurring in motor vehicles
and parts dealers, clothing and accessories stores, and miscellaneous store retailers.

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+28,000) over the month.
This industry has added 811,000 jobs since a recent low point in January 2010, with
most of the gain occurring in food services.

Employment in construction edged up in October. The gain was concentrated in specialty
trade contractors (+17,000).

Manufacturing employment changed little in October. On net, manufacturing employment
has shown little change since April.

Mining lost 9,000 jobs in October, with most of the decline occurring in support
activities for mining. Since May of this year, employment in mining has decreased
by 17,000.

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and 
warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed little change
over the month.

In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was
34.4 hours for the fourth consecutive month. The manufacturing workweek edged down by
0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged
down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged
down by 1 cent to $23.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have risen
by 1.6 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees edged down by 1 cent to $19.79. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from +142,000 to
+192,000, and the change for September was revised from +114,000 to +148,000.

_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday,
December 7, 2012, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Change from:
Sept.
2012-
Oct.
2012

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

240,269 243,566 243,772 243,983 211

Civilian labor force

154,057 154,645 155,063 155,641 578

Participation rate

64.1 63.5 63.6 63.8 0.2

Employed

140,297 142,101 142,974 143,384 410

Employment-population ratio

58.4 58.3 58.7 58.8 0.1

Unemployed

13,759 12,544 12,088 12,258 170

Unemployment rate

8.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 0.1

Not in labor force

86,213 88,921 88,710 88,341 -369

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

8.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

8.7 7.6 7.3 7.3 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)

7.9 7.3 7.0 7.2 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

24.0 24.6 23.7 23.7 0.0

White

8.0 7.2 7.0 7.0 0.0

Black or African American

15.0 14.1 13.4 14.3 0.9

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)

7.3 5.9 4.8 4.9 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

11.4 10.2 9.9 10.0 0.1

Total, 25 years and over

7.7 6.8 6.6 6.6 0.0

Less than a high school diploma

13.8 12.0 11.3 12.2 0.9

High school graduates, no college

9.5 8.8 8.7 8.4 -0.3

Some college or associate degree

8.2 6.6 6.5 6.9 0.4

Bachelor's degree and higher

4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

7,924 7,003 6,535 6,575 40

Job leavers

1,068 942 957 1,010 53

Reentrants

3,387 3,318 3,306 3,300 -6

New entrants

1,291 1,277 1,247 1,301 54

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,676 2,844 2,542 2,632 90

5 to 14 weeks

3,285 2,868 2,826 2,851 25

15 to 26 weeks

2,029 1,845 1,860 1,836 -24

27 weeks and over

5,839 5,033 4,844 5,002 158

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

8,790 8,031 8,613 8,344 -269

Slack work or business conditions

5,839 5,217 5,523 5,219 -304

Could only find part-time work

2,538 2,507 2,572 2,614 42

Part time for noneconomic reasons

18,401 18,996 18,736 18,923 187

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

2,555 2,561 2,517 2,433 -

Discouraged workers

967 844 802 813 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

112 192 148 171

Total private

139 134 128 184

Goods-producing

6 -14 -13 21

Mining and logging

6 -4 -1 -9

Construction

-9 3 2 17

Manufacturing

9 -13 -14 13

Durable goods(1)

13 -16 -15 5

Motor vehicles and parts

8.3 -7.2 -3.5 -2.1

Nondurable goods

-4 3 1 8

Private service-providing(1)

133 148 141 163

Wholesale trade

11.9 7.3 -3.0 6.5

Retail trade

12.3 18.1 27.3 36.4

Transportation and warehousing

3.1 7.3 7.2 2.2

Information

-3 -3 -9 1

Financial activities

5 7 14 4

Professional and business services(1)

41 24 8 51

Temporary help services

16.5 2.8 -11.8 13.6

Education and health services(1)

37 31 50 25

Health care and social assistance

28.8 26.9 40.2 32.5

Leisure and hospitality

30 49 36 28

Other services

-4 0 10 9

Government

-27 58 20 -13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2)
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES

Total nonfarm women employees

49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees

47.9 47.8 47.8 47.8

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.5 82.6 82.6 82.7

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings

$23.22 $23.52 $23.59 $23.58

Average weekly earnings

$798.77 $809.09 $811.50 $811.15

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

94.6 96.1 96.2 96.3

Over-the-month percent change

0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

104.8 107.7 108.2 108.3

Over-the-month percent change

0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Average hourly earnings

$19.57 $19.75 $19.80 $19.79

Average weekly earnings

$659.51 $663.60 $667.26 $664.94

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)

102.0 103.4 103.8 103.7

Over-the-month percent change

0.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)

133.3 136.4 137.3 137.1

Over-the-month percent change

0.6 -0.2 0.7 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX(5)
(Over 1-month span)

Total private (266 industries)

56.8 52.4 56.4 60.7

Manufacturing (81 industries)

49.4 43.2 46.3 56.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data in this table have been corrected. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps_correction.htm.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The
establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on
the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey
because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment
change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment
survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and
private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic
groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys,
please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants.
However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to
identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to
determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey
does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey
does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it
does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at
the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment
survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately
succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from
respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to
control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of
business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment
survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm
employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are
appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to
account for the net employment change generated by business births and
deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the
monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual
past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses
modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an
unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to
the survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in
the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor
force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because
they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition,
alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed)
are published each month in The Employment Situation news release.

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that
includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely
to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average
weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe
weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a
reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off
work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may
work extra hours.

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll
employment, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey sample have a
2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for
any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment
figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect of extreme weather on
estimates of over-the-month change in employment.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar
week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire
week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or
not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on
the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours,
or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. Current and
historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested
statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment
Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business
establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 141,000 businesses
and government agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual worksites,
in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of
workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third
of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed
if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility
for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of
the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is
the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about
the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as 
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector
for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. 
Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-
providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make 
nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and 
recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions
to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence
interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to +150,000 
(50,000 +/- 100,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results
are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.
Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month.
If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all
of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater
than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate
of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about 
+/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/-0.19 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision
of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information
for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 
respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of
the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two
successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey
is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment
growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account
for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from
business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the 
missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into
the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment
trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most
of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate
the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the 
imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over
the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and
the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as
a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute
benchmark revisions  for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent,
with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

240,269 243,772 243,983 240,269 243,155 243,354 243,566 243,772 243,983

Civilian labor force

154,088 155,075 155,779 154,057 155,163 155,013 154,645 155,063 155,641

Participation rate

64.1 63.6 63.8 64.1 63.8 63.7 63.5 63.6 63.8

Employed

140,987 143,333 144,039 140,297 142,415 142,220 142,101 142,974 143,384

Employment-population ratio

58.7 58.8 59.0 58.4 58.6 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.8

Unemployed

13,102 11,742 11,741 13,759 12,749 12,794 12,544 12,088 12,258

Unemployment rate

8.5 7.6 7.5 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

Not in labor force

86,181 88,697 88,204 86,213 87,992 88,340 88,921 88,710 88,341

Persons who currently want a job

5,969 6,427 6,142 6,407 6,520 6,554 6,957 6,727 6,587

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

116,664 117,600 117,710 116,664 117,277 117,381 117,492 117,600 117,710

Civilian labor force

82,081 82,341 82,715 82,199 82,450 82,395 82,008 82,384 82,696

Participation rate

70.4 70.0 70.3 70.5 70.3 70.2 69.8 70.1 70.3

Employed

74,931 76,119 76,498 74,492 75,486 75,466 75,161 75,752 76,055

Employment-population ratio

64.2 64.7 65.0 63.9 64.4 64.3 64.0 64.4 64.6

Unemployed

7,151 6,221 6,217 7,707 6,964 6,929 6,847 6,632 6,642

Unemployment rate

8.7 7.6 7.5 9.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force

34,583 35,260 34,995 34,465 34,827 34,987 35,484 35,216 35,014

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

108,104 108,973 109,096 108,104 108,613 108,727 108,851 108,973 109,096

Civilian labor force

79,329 79,516 79,873 79,291 79,425 79,353 79,103 79,426 79,708

Participation rate

73.4 73.0 73.2 73.3 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.9 73.1

Employed

72,924 74,060 74,416 72,379 73,259 73,227 73,086 73,597 73,868

Employment-population ratio

67.5 68.0 68.2 67.0 67.4 67.3 67.1 67.5 67.7

Unemployed

6,405 5,455 5,457 6,912 6,166 6,125 6,016 5,829 5,840

Unemployment rate

8.1 6.9 6.8 8.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3

Not in labor force

28,776 29,457 29,222 28,813 29,188 29,374 29,748 29,547 29,388

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

123,605 126,172 126,273 123,605 125,878 125,972 126,073 126,172 126,273

Civilian labor force

72,007 72,734 73,064 71,858 72,713 72,619 72,637 72,678 72,945

Participation rate

58.3 57.6 57.9 58.1 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.8

Employed

66,056 67,214 67,540 65,805 66,929 66,754 66,940 67,222 67,329

Employment-population ratio

53.4 53.3 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.0 53.1 53.3 53.3

Unemployed

5,951 5,520 5,523 6,052 5,785 5,865 5,697 5,456 5,616

Unemployment rate

8.3 7.6 7.6 8.4 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.7

Not in labor force

51,598 53,437 53,209 51,748 53,165 53,354 53,437 53,493 53,328

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

115,437 117,869 117,980 115,437 117,546 117,648 117,760 117,869 117,980

Civilian labor force

69,208 70,026 70,277 68,981 69,803 69,691 69,781 69,834 70,075

Participation rate

60.0 59.4 59.6 59.8 59.4 59.2 59.3 59.2 59.4

Employed

63,837 65,058 65,316 63,520 64,628 64,446 64,670 64,952 65,043

Employment-population ratio

55.3 55.2 55.4 55.0 55.0 54.8 54.9 55.1 55.1

Unemployed

5,371 4,968 4,961 5,461 5,175 5,244 5,111 4,882 5,032

Unemployment rate

7.8 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.2

Not in labor force

46,229 47,842 47,703 46,457 47,743 47,957 47,979 48,034 47,906

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,728 16,931 16,907 16,728 16,997 16,979 16,955 16,931 16,907

Civilian labor force

5,552 5,533 5,629 5,785 5,936 5,970 5,761 5,802 5,859

Participation rate

33.2 32.7 33.3 34.6 34.9 35.2 34.0 34.3 34.7

Employed

4,226 4,215 4,306 4,398 4,528 4,546 4,344 4,425 4,473

Employment-population ratio

25.3 24.9 25.5 26.3 26.6 26.8 25.6 26.1 26.5

Unemployed

1,326 1,318 1,322 1,386 1,408 1,424 1,417 1,378 1,386

Unemployment rate

23.9 23.8 23.5 24.0 23.7 23.8 24.6 23.7 23.7

Not in labor force

11,176 11,398 11,278 10,943 11,061 11,009 11,194 11,129 11,048

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

193,493 193,503 193,633 193,493 193,120 193,245 193,376 193,503 193,633

Civilian labor force

124,870 123,922 124,085 124,804 123,783 123,589 123,265 123,662 123,838

Participation rate

64.5 64.0 64.1 64.5 64.1 64.0 63.7 63.9 64.0

Employed

115,421 115,547 115,885 114,837 114,674 114,409 114,340 114,992 115,209

Employment-population ratio

59.7 59.7 59.8 59.3 59.4 59.2 59.1 59.4 59.5

Unemployed

9,449 8,374 8,200 9,967 9,109 9,180 8,925 8,670 8,629

Unemployment rate

7.6 6.8 6.6 8.0 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.0 7.0

Not in labor force

68,623 69,581 69,548 68,689 69,337 69,656 70,111 69,841 69,795

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,315 64,710 64,923 65,318 64,527 64,467 64,246 64,544 64,759

Participation rate

73.9 73.6 73.7 73.9 73.6 73.4 73.1 73.4 73.6

Employed

60,608 60,718 60,980 60,195 60,001 60,027 59,890 60,274 60,499

Employment-population ratio

68.5 69.0 69.3 68.1 68.4 68.4 68.1 68.5 68.7

Unemployed

4,707 3,992 3,943 5,123 4,526 4,440 4,356 4,270 4,261

Unemployment rate

7.2 6.2 6.1 7.8 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

54,952 54,797 54,685 54,685 54,506 54,385 54,411 54,531 54,431

Participation rate

59.6 59.0 58.8 59.3 58.8 58.6 58.6 58.7 58.5

Employed

51,217 51,333 51,352 50,880 50,918 50,662 50,892 51,105 51,022

Employment-population ratio

55.5 55.2 55.2 55.1 54.9 54.6 54.8 55.0 54.9

Unemployed

3,735 3,464 3,333 3,805 3,588 3,723 3,519 3,426 3,409

Unemployment rate

6.8 6.3 6.1 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,604 4,414 4,477 4,801 4,750 4,737 4,609 4,588 4,648

Participation rate

36.0 35.0 35.5 37.6 37.5 37.4 36.5 36.4 36.9

Employed

3,596 3,496 3,553 3,761 3,755 3,720 3,558 3,613 3,689

Employment-population ratio

28.1 27.7 28.2 29.4 29.7 29.4 28.2 28.6 29.3

Unemployed

1,008 918 924 1,040 995 1,017 1,051 975 959

Unemployment rate

21.9 20.8 20.6 21.7 20.9 21.5 22.8 21.2 20.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

29,228 29,991 30,027 29,228 29,885 29,918 29,954 29,991 30,027

Civilian labor force

18,047 18,245 18,767 18,067 18,541 18,383 18,379 18,345 18,732

Participation rate

61.7 60.8 62.5 61.8 62.0 61.4 61.4 61.2 62.4

Employed

15,471 15,796 16,172 15,351 15,872 15,798 15,797 15,881 16,049

Employment-population ratio

52.9 52.7 53.9 52.5 53.1 52.8 52.7 53.0 53.4

Unemployed

2,576 2,449 2,595 2,716 2,668 2,585 2,583 2,464 2,684

Unemployment rate

14.3 13.4 13.8 15.0 14.4 14.1 14.1 13.4 14.3

Not in labor force

11,181 11,746 11,261 11,161 11,345 11,534 11,575 11,645 11,295

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,182 8,152 8,318 8,180 8,324 8,270 8,228 8,202 8,301

Participation rate

68.5 66.6 67.8 68.5 68.4 67.8 67.3 67.0 67.7

Employed

6,960 7,050 7,222 6,867 7,146 7,042 7,049 7,035 7,128

Employment-population ratio

58.3 57.6 58.9 57.5 58.7 57.7 57.7 57.5 58.1

Unemployed

1,221 1,103 1,096 1,313 1,178 1,227 1,180 1,167 1,173

Unemployment rate

14.9 13.5 13.2 16.0 14.2 14.8 14.3 14.2 14.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,254 9,412 9,710 9,262 9,482 9,344 9,455 9,382 9,675

Participation rate

62.9 62.2 64.1 63.0 63.0 62.0 62.6 62.0 63.9

Employed

8,116 8,325 8,503 8,093 8,281 8,268 8,316 8,364 8,471

Employment-population ratio

55.2 55.0 56.1 55.0 55.0 54.8 55.1 55.3 55.9

Unemployed

1,138 1,087 1,206 1,169 1,202 1,076 1,139 1,018 1,204

Unemployment rate

12.3 11.5 12.4 12.6 12.7 11.5 12.0 10.9 12.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

611 681 739 625 735 770 696 761 756

Participation rate

23.7 26.0 28.2 24.3 27.8 29.2 26.4 29.0 28.9

Employed

394 421 446 390 446 488 432 482 450

Employment-population ratio

15.3 16.1 17.1 15.2 16.8 18.5 16.4 18.4 17.2

Unemployed

216 259 293 234 289 282 264 279 307

Unemployment rate

35.4 38.1 39.6 37.5 39.3 36.6 37.9 36.7 40.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

11,614 12,885 12,939 - - - - - -

Civilian labor force

7,462 8,204 8,149 - - - - - -

Participation rate

64.3 63.7 63.0 - - - - - -

Employed

6,916 7,810 7,753 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

59.6 60.6 59.9 - - - - - -

Unemployed

546 394 396 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

7.3 4.8 4.9 - - - - - -

Not in labor force

4,151 4,681 4,790 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

34,724 36,969 37,058 34,724 36,708 36,792 36,881 36,969 37,058

Civilian labor force

23,313 24,465 24,602 23,253 24,588 24,497 24,352 24,477 24,587

Participation rate

67.1 66.2 66.4 67.0 67.0 66.6 66.0 66.2 66.3

Employed

20,757 22,164 22,221 20,601 21,885 21,966 21,865 22,050 22,118

Employment-population ratio

59.8 60.0 60.0 59.3 59.6 59.7 59.3 59.6 59.7

Unemployed

2,555 2,301 2,381 2,652 2,703 2,531 2,487 2,427 2,469

Unemployment rate

11.0 9.4 9.7 11.4 11.0 10.3 10.2 9.9 10.0

Not in labor force

11,412 12,504 12,456 11,471 12,120 12,294 12,529 12,492 12,471

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

13,182 13,462 13,643 - - - - - -

Participation rate

82.0 80.8 81.6 - - - - - -

Employed

11,891 12,445 12,506 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

73.9 74.7 74.8 - - - - - -

Unemployed

1,291 1,017 1,137 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

9.8 7.6 8.3 - - - - - -

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,141 9,879 9,897 - - - - - -

Participation rate

60.1 59.3 59.3 - - - - - -

Employed

8,183 8,907 8,959 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

53.8 53.5 53.7 - - - - - -

Unemployed

958 972 938 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

10.5 9.8 9.5 - - - - - -

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

990 1,124 1,062 - - - - - -

Participation rate

28.9 30.7 29.0 - - - - - -

Employed

683 811 755 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

19.9 22.2 20.7 - - - - - -

Unemployed

307 312 306 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

31.0 27.8 28.9 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

11,570 11,337 11,128 11,760 11,384 11,472 11,179 11,199 11,263

Participation rate

46.6 45.6 45.3 47.4 45.0 46.3 45.4 45.1 45.9

Employed

10,105 10,155 9,865 10,141 9,952 10,012 9,833 9,932 9,886

Employment-population ratio

40.7 40.9 40.2 40.8 39.3 40.4 39.9 40.0 40.2

Unemployed

1,465 1,182 1,263 1,619 1,431 1,460 1,346 1,267 1,377

Unemployment rate

12.7 10.4 11.3 13.8 12.6 12.7 12.0 11.3 12.2

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

37,140 36,513 36,614 37,368 36,984 37,047 36,703 36,627 36,778

Participation rate

60.1 59.4 59.8 60.5 60.0 59.7 59.9 59.5 60.1

Employed

33,882 33,513 33,783 33,828 33,869 33,838 33,486 33,455 33,702

Employment-population ratio

54.8 54.5 55.2 54.8 55.0 54.5 54.6 54.4 55.0

Unemployed

3,258 3,000 2,831 3,540 3,116 3,209 3,217 3,172 3,076

Unemployment rate

8.8 8.2 7.7 9.5 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

37,114 37,788 37,905 36,984 37,451 37,398 37,375 37,622 37,775

Participation rate

69.4 69.1 69.2 69.2 68.9 68.3 68.3 68.8 69.0

Employed

34,119 35,346 35,307 33,941 34,639 34,729 34,895 35,191 35,176

Employment-population ratio

63.8 64.6 64.5 63.5 63.7 63.4 63.8 64.3 64.3

Unemployed

2,995 2,443 2,598 3,043 2,812 2,669 2,480 2,431 2,599

Unemployment rate

8.1 6.5 6.9 8.2 7.5 7.1 6.6 6.5 6.9

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

47,346 48,576 49,006 47,006 47,923 47,697 48,404 48,469 48,676

Participation rate

76.4 76.0 75.8 75.8 76.0 75.8 75.5 75.9 75.3

Employed

45,348 46,633 47,242 44,960 45,949 45,732 46,400 46,503 46,849

Employment-population ratio

73.1 73.0 73.1 72.5 72.9 72.7 72.4 72.8 72.5

Unemployed

1,998 1,943 1,764 2,046 1,973 1,965 2,004 1,966 1,827

Unemployment rate

4.2 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

21,496 21,072 19,692 19,254 1,804 1,818

Civilian labor force

11,209 10,948 10,082 9,850 1,128 1,097

Participation rate

52.1 52.0 51.2 51.2 62.5 60.4

Employed

10,350 10,258 9,308 9,266 1,042 993

Employment-population ratio

48.1 48.7 47.3 48.1 57.8 54.6

Unemployed

859 689 774 585 85 105

Unemployment rate

7.7 6.3 7.7 5.9 7.6 9.5

Not in labor force

10,287 10,124 9,610 9,404 676 721

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,405 2,514 2,036 2,111 369 403

Civilian labor force

1,980 2,082 1,715 1,795 265 287

Participation rate

82.3 82.8 84.2 85.1 71.9 71.2

Employed

1,740 1,873 1,503 1,631 236 242

Employment-population ratio

72.3 74.5 73.8 77.3 64.1 60.2

Unemployed

240 209 211 164 29 44

Unemployment rate

12.1 10.0 12.3 9.2 10.9 15.5

Not in labor force

425 432 322 316 103 116

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,941 3,058 2,469 2,570 472 488

Civilian labor force

2,489 2,566 2,127 2,212 361 354

Participation rate

84.6 83.9 86.2 86.1 76.5 72.4

Employed

2,343 2,433 2,004 2,109 339 324

Employment-population ratio

79.7 79.6 81.2 82.1 71.8 66.4

Unemployed

146 133 124 103 22 30

Unemployment rate

5.9 5.2 5.8 4.7 6.2 8.3

Not in labor force

453 492 342 358 111 135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

10,279 9,744 9,955 9,428 324 316

Civilian labor force

3,329 3,010 3,239 2,939 90 70

Participation rate

32.4 30.9 32.5 31.2 27.8 22.2

Employed

3,088 2,850 3,005 2,790 83 60

Employment-population ratio

30.0 29.3 30.2 29.6 25.6 19.0

Unemployed

241 160 234 149 7 10

Unemployment rate

7.2 5.3 7.2 5.1 7.9 -

Not in labor force

6,951 6,734 6,716 6,488 234 246

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,870 5,756 5,232 5,145 639 611

Civilian labor force

3,412 3,290 3,001 2,903 411 387

Participation rate

58.1 57.2 57.4 56.4 64.3 63.3

Employed

3,180 3,102 2,796 2,736 384 366

Employment-population ratio

54.2 53.9 53.4 53.2 60.1 59.9

Unemployed

232 188 205 168 27 21

Unemployment rate

6.8 5.7 6.8 5.8 6.6 5.3

Not in labor force

2,458 2,466 2,231 2,242 228 224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

209,934 213,964 92,437 93,852 117,497 120,112

Civilian labor force

140,986 142,934 71,148 71,930 69,838 71,004

Participation rate

67.2 66.8 77.0 76.6 59.4 59.1

Employed

129,190 132,321 64,997 66,549 64,193 65,773

Employment-population ratio

61.5 61.8 70.3 70.9 54.6 54.8

Unemployed

11,796 10,613 6,151 5,382 5,645 5,231

Unemployment rate

8.4 7.4 8.6 7.5 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force

68,949 71,030 21,289 21,922 47,659 49,108

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

27,214 28,613 213,055 215,369

Civilian labor force

5,802 6,148 148,286 149,631

Participation rate

21.3 21.5 69.6 69.5

Employed

5,037 5,357 135,949 138,682

Employment-population ratio

18.5 18.7 63.8 64.4

Unemployed

765 791 12,337 10,949

Unemployment rate

13.2 12.9 8.3 7.3

Not in labor force

21,412 22,466 64,769 65,738

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,649 2,739 75,325 75,564

Participation rate

34.9 35.8 82.4 82.7

Employed

2,262 2,349 68,806 69,977

Employment-population ratio

29.8 30.7 75.2 76.6

Unemployed

387 390 6,519 5,587

Unemployment rate

14.6 14.2 8.7 7.4

Not in labor force

4,938 4,904 16,114 15,824

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,257 2,349 66,490 67,275

Participation rate

30.6 30.2 70.9 71.0

Employed

1,960 2,030 61,099 62,276

Employment-population ratio

26.6 26.1 65.1 65.7

Unemployed

297 319 5,391 4,999

Unemployment rate

13.2 13.6 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force

5,114 5,417 27,337 27,498

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

896 1,060 6,471 6,792

Participation rate

7.3 8.0 23.3 23.3

Employed

815 978 6,044 6,428

Employment-population ratio

6.7 7.4 21.7 22.0

Unemployed

80 83 427 363

Unemployment rate

9.0 7.8 6.6 5.3

Not in labor force

11,360 12,144 21,318 22,417

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

37,001 38,288 18,378 18,494 18,624 19,794

Civilian labor force

24,849 25,268 14,532 14,430 10,317 10,838

Participation rate

67.2 66.0 79.1 78.0 55.4 54.8

Employed

22,648 23,388 13,303 13,473 9,345 9,915

Employment-population ratio

61.2 61.1 72.4 72.8 50.2 50.1

Unemployed

2,201 1,880 1,230 958 971 923

Unemployment rate

8.9 7.4 8.5 6.6 9.4 8.5

Not in labor force

12,152 13,020 3,845 4,064 8,307 8,956

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

203,268 205,695 98,287 99,216 104,981 106,479

Civilian labor force

129,239 130,511 67,549 68,285 61,690 62,226

Participation rate

63.6 63.4 68.7 68.8 58.8 58.4

Employed

118,338 120,651 61,628 63,026 56,711 57,625

Employment-population ratio

58.2 58.7 62.7 63.5 54.0 54.1

Unemployed

10,901 9,860 5,921 5,260 4,980 4,601

Unemployment rate

8.4 7.6 8.8 7.7 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force

74,029 75,184 30,738 30,931 43,291 44,253

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,246 2,233 2,222 2,257 2,206 2,235 2,151 2,209 2,214

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,339 1,447 1,446 1,317 1,399 1,401 1,391 1,413 1,415

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

873 755 758 864 786 791 739 763 755

Unpaid family workers

34 31 18 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

138,740 141,101 141,817 138,167 140,205 139,929 139,920 140,769 141,286

Wage and salary workers(1)

130,189 132,078 132,967 129,531 131,308 131,043 131,101 131,734 132,383

Government

20,682 20,725 20,745 20,516 19,938 20,015 20,432 20,619 20,524

Private industries

109,507 111,353 112,222 108,977 111,433 110,974 110,726 111,024 111,771

Private households

771 811 707 - - - - - -

Other industries

108,736 110,541 111,514 108,177 110,671 110,251 109,965 110,218 111,057

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,501 8,947 8,775 8,553 8,787 8,824 8,720 8,838 8,795

Unpaid family workers

50 76 76 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

8,258 8,110 7,870 8,790 8,210 8,246 8,031 8,613 8,344

Slack work or business conditions

5,518 5,309 4,976 5,839 5,446 5,342 5,217 5,523 5,219

Could only find part-time work

2,488 2,589 2,634 2,538 2,514 2,576 2,507 2,572 2,614

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,941 18,970 19,460 18,401 18,829 18,866 18,996 18,736 18,923

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

8,151 8,003 7,768 8,664 8,075 8,111 7,901 8,482 8,225

Slack work or business conditions

5,444 5,238 4,910 5,762 5,355 5,282 5,140 5,455 5,161

Could only find part-time work

2,472 2,566 2,613 2,566 2,493 2,559 2,508 2,597 2,634

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,543 18,605 19,058 18,003 18,438 18,543 18,656 18,405 18,559

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

140,987 143,333 144,039 140,297 142,415 142,220 142,101 142,974 143,384

16 to 19 years

4,226 4,215 4,306 4,398 4,528 4,546 4,344 4,425 4,473

16 to 17 years

1,447 1,471 1,459 1,436 1,471 1,540 1,392 1,433 1,463

18 to 19 years

2,779 2,744 2,848 2,970 3,069 3,012 2,983 2,989 3,052

20 years and over

136,761 139,118 139,732 135,899 137,887 137,674 137,756 138,550 138,910

20 to 24 years

13,306 13,472 13,535 13,346 13,361 13,364 13,114 13,482 13,534

25 years and over

123,454 125,646 126,197 122,521 124,506 124,203 124,600 125,017 125,363

25 to 54 years

94,108 94,814 95,089 93,356 94,069 93,957 94,001 94,378 94,422

25 to 34 years

30,806 30,947 31,161 30,562 30,650 30,527 30,508 30,768 30,893

35 to 44 years

30,295 30,794 30,892 30,094 30,450 30,474 30,580 30,663 30,708

45 to 54 years

33,007 33,074 33,036 32,700 32,969 32,956 32,912 32,947 32,821

55 years and over

29,346 30,832 31,108 29,165 30,437 30,247 30,599 30,639 30,942

Men, 16 years and over

74,931 76,119 76,498 74,492 75,486 75,466 75,161 75,752 76,055

16 to 19 years

2,007 2,059 2,082 2,113 2,227 2,238 2,074 2,155 2,187

16 to 17 years

626 665 684 662 654 666 605 646 719

18 to 19 years

1,381 1,394 1,398 1,449 1,598 1,577 1,511 1,510 1,474

20 years and over

72,924 74,060 74,416 72,379 73,259 73,227 73,086 73,597 73,868

20 to 24 years

7,017 6,975 7,081 7,081 6,849 6,921 6,760 6,963 7,082

25 years and over

65,907 67,085 67,335 65,331 66,420 66,285 66,368 66,625 66,822

25 to 54 years

50,406 50,669 50,817 49,901 50,357 50,256 50,147 50,360 50,383

25 to 34 years

16,884 16,748 16,937 16,668 16,633 16,555 16,487 16,579 16,702

35 to 44 years

16,360 16,656 16,661 16,240 16,401 16,488 16,512 16,560 16,559

45 to 54 years

17,162 17,264 17,219 16,992 17,323 17,214 17,148 17,221 17,122

55 years and over

15,501 16,416 16,518 15,430 16,064 16,029 16,221 16,265 16,439

Women, 16 years and over

66,056 67,214 67,540 65,805 66,929 66,754 66,940 67,222 67,329

16 to 19 years

2,219 2,156 2,224 2,286 2,301 2,308 2,270 2,270 2,286

16 to 17 years

821 806 775 773 817 873 788 787 744

18 to 19 years

1,398 1,350 1,450 1,521 1,471 1,434 1,472 1,479 1,578

20 years and over

63,837 65,058 65,316 63,520 64,628 64,446 64,670 64,952 65,043

20 to 24 years

6,290 6,497 6,454 6,265 6,512 6,444 6,354 6,519 6,452

25 years and over

57,547 58,561 58,862 57,190 58,086 57,918 58,232 58,391 58,541

25 to 54 years

43,703 44,146 44,272 43,455 43,712 43,700 43,854 44,017 44,039

25 to 34 years

13,923 14,199 14,224 13,894 14,016 13,972 14,021 14,189 14,191

35 to 44 years

13,935 14,138 14,231 13,854 14,050 13,986 14,068 14,102 14,149

45 to 54 years

15,844 15,809 15,816 15,708 15,646 15,743 15,764 15,726 15,699

55 years and over

13,845 14,415 14,590 13,735 14,373 14,218 14,378 14,374 14,503

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

43,940 44,383 44,484 43,661 43,712 43,715 43,879 43,984 44,114

Married women, spouse present

34,401 34,871 34,716 34,225 34,526 34,381 34,814 34,841 34,558

Women who maintain families

9,101 9,233 9,442 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(1)

113,456 115,678 116,045 112,841 114,573 114,345 114,388 115,226 115,459

Part-time workers(2)

27,530 27,655 27,993 27,463 27,894 27,925 27,757 27,731 27,875

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

6,989 6,818 6,976 6,903 6,769 6,845 6,921 6,866 6,908

Percent of total employed

5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,030 5,263 5,383 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,374 9,702 9,532 9,417 9,572 9,616 9,458 9,602 9,550

Footnotes
(1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

13,759 12,088 12,258 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

16 to 19 years

1,386 1,378 1,386 24.0 23.7 23.8 24.6 23.7 23.7

16 to 17 years

484 486 490 25.2 26.8 26.6 29.3 25.3 25.1

18 to 19 years

895 883 894 23.2 22.0 22.2 22.7 22.8 22.7

20 years and over

12,373 10,711 10,872 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.3

20 to 24 years

2,159 1,913 2,055 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.9 12.4 13.2

25 years and over

10,280 8,812 8,877 7.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6

25 to 54 years

8,097 6,892 6,975 8.0 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.9

25 to 34 years

3,293 2,718 2,799 9.7 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.3

35 to 44 years

2,322 2,051 2,055 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.3

45 to 54 years

2,483 2,123 2,121 7.1 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.1

55 years and over

2,185 1,937 1,920 7.0 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8

Men, 16 years and over

7,707 6,632 6,642 9.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.0 8.0

16 to 19 years

795 803 802 27.3 26.4 26.4 28.6 27.2 26.8

16 to 17 years

250 278 284 27.4 31.0 30.0 36.5 30.1 28.3

18 to 19 years

548 520 529 27.4 23.7 24.5 25.5 25.6 26.4

20 years and over

6,912 5,829 5,840 8.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3

20 to 24 years

1,212 1,104 1,147 14.6 15.4 15.2 15.2 13.7 13.9

25 years and over

5,769 4,755 4,765 8.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7

25 to 54 years

4,564 3,648 3,701 8.4 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.8

25 to 34 years

1,881 1,443 1,499 10.1 7.8 7.8 8.3 8.0 8.2

35 to 44 years

1,307 1,084 1,056 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.0

45 to 54 years

1,376 1,121 1,146 7.5 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.3

55 years and over

1,205 1,107 1,064 7.2 6.7 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.1

Women, 16 years and over

6,052 5,456 5,616 8.4 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.7

16 to 19 years

592 574 584 20.6 21.0 21.2 20.5 20.2 20.3

16 to 17 years

234 208 206 23.2 23.1 23.9 22.5 20.9 21.7

18 to 19 years

347 363 364 18.6 20.0 19.6 19.7 19.7 18.8

20 years and over

5,461 4,882 5,032 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.2

20 to 24 years

947 809 909 13.1 11.8 11.7 12.5 11.0 12.3

25 years and over

4,512 4,057 4,112 7.3 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.6

25 to 54 years

3,533 3,244 3,274 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.9

25 to 34 years

1,411 1,275 1,299 9.2 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.4

35 to 44 years

1,015 966 999 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.4 6.6

45 to 54 years

1,107 1,002 975 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.8

55 years and over(1)

970 849 842 6.5 5.8 6.6 6.2 5.6 5.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

2,678 2,166 2,150 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6

Married women, spouse present

2,068 1,830 1,857 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.1

Women who maintain families(1)

1,275 1,181 1,231 12.3 11.8 11.7 12.3 11.3 11.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(2)

11,880 10,429 10,432 9.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.3

Part-time workers(3)

1,882 1,699 1,841 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.8 6.2

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

7,390 6,161 6,125 7,924 7,207 7,123 7,003 6,535 6,575

On temporary layoff

861 787 741 1,226 1,331 1,417 1,246 1,169 1,080

Not on temporary layoff

6,528 5,374 5,383 6,699 5,875 5,705 5,757 5,366 5,495

Permanent job losers

5,170 4,296 4,212 5,308 4,560 4,387 4,484 4,311 4,302

Persons who completed temporary jobs

1,359 1,078 1,171 1,391 1,315 1,319 1,273 1,055 1,193

Job leavers

1,103 1,041 1,065 1,068 936 878 942 957 1,010

Reentrants

3,368 3,339 3,295 3,387 3,227 3,380 3,318 3,306 3,300

New entrants

1,242 1,200 1,255 1,291 1,331 1,311 1,277 1,247 1,301

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

56.4 52.5 52.2 58.0 56.7 56.1 55.8 54.3 54.0

On temporary layoff

6.6 6.7 6.3 9.0 10.5 11.2 9.9 9.7 8.9

Not on temporary layoff

49.8 45.8 45.9 49.0 46.3 45.0 45.9 44.5 45.1

Job leavers

8.4 8.9 9.1 7.8 7.4 6.9 7.5 7.9 8.3

Reentrants

25.7 28.4 28.1 24.8 25.4 26.6 26.5 27.4 27.1

New entrants

9.5 10.2 10.7 9.4 10.5 10.3 10.2 10.4 10.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

4.8 4.0 3.9 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2

Job leavers

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants

2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

New entrants

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,443 2,539 2,413 2,676 2,810 2,711 2,844 2,542 2,632

5 to 14 weeks

2,985 2,660 2,647 3,285 2,826 3,092 2,868 2,826 2,851

15 weeks and over

7,674 6,542 6,680 7,869 7,182 6,945 6,878 6,703 6,839

15 to 26 weeks

1,936 1,708 1,766 2,029 1,811 1,760 1,845 1,860 1,836

27 weeks and over

5,738 4,835 4,915 5,839 5,370 5,185 5,033 4,844 5,002

Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)

39.8 40.2 40.9 39.2 39.9 38.8 39.2 39.8 40.2

Median duration, in weeks

21.1 18.9 20.3 20.8 19.8 16.7 18.0 18.5 19.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

18.6 21.6 20.6 19.4 21.9 21.3 22.6 21.1 21.4

5 to 14 weeks

22.8 22.7 22.5 23.8 22.0 24.3 22.8 23.4 23.1

15 weeks and over

58.6 55.7 56.9 56.9 56.0 54.5 54.6 55.5 55.5

15 to 26 weeks

14.8 14.5 15.0 14.7 14.1 13.8 14.7 15.4 14.9

27 weeks and over

43.8 41.2 41.9 42.2 41.9 40.7 40.0 40.1 40.6

Footnotes
(1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

Total, 16 years and over(1)

140,987 144,039 13,102 11,741 8.5 7.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

52,864 55,223 2,410 2,170 4.4 3.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21,700 22,998 1,068 848 4.7 3.6

Professional and related occupations

31,164 32,225 1,342 1,323 4.1 3.9

Service occupations

25,108 25,341 2,772 2,529 9.9 9.1

Sales and office occupations

32,932 33,139 3,023 2,555 8.4 7.2

Sales and related occupations

15,323 15,662 1,368 1,187 8.2 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations

17,609 17,477 1,655 1,368 8.6 7.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13,121 13,206 1,746 1,489 11.7 10.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,028 1,004 174 122 14.5 10.9

Construction and extraction occupations

7,125 7,195 1,184 1,034 14.2 12.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,969 5,008 388 332 7.2 6.2

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

16,963 17,130 1,857 1,693 9.9 9.0

Production occupations

8,474 8,723 897 830 9.6 8.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

8,489 8,407 961 863 10.2 9.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

Total, 16 years and over(1)

13,102 11,741 8.5 7.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

10,126 8,892 8.5 7.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

69 61 7.8 6.1

Construction

1,129 930 13.7 11.4

Manufacturing

1,200 1,102 7.7 7.0

Durable goods

759 672 8.0 6.8

Nondurable goods

441 430 7.3 7.4

Wholesale and retail trade

1,764 1,457 8.6 7.1

Transportation and utilities

462 376 7.8 6.6

Information

195 215 6.6 7.7

Financial activities

524 442 5.8 4.9

Professional and business services

1,495 1,252 10.1 8.1

Education and health services

1,221 1,244 5.6 5.5

Leisure and hospitality

1,448 1,352 10.8 9.9

Other services

618 460 9.6 6.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

198 146 13.4 9.5

Government workers

924 907 4.3 4.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

612 540 6.1 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
June
2012
July
2012
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012
Oct.
2012

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

5.0 4.2 4.3 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

4.8 4.0 3.9 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

8.5 7.6 7.5 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

9.1 8.0 8.0 9.5 8.7 8.8 8.6 8.3 8.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

10.0 9.0 9.0 10.4 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.3 9.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

15.3 14.2 13.9 16.0 14.9 15.0 14.7 14.7 14.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2011
Oct.
2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

86,181 88,204 34,583 34,995 51,598 53,209

Persons who currently want a job

5,969 6,142 2,818 2,666 3,151 3,476

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,555 2,433 1,358 1,144 1,196 1,289

Discouraged workers(2)

967 813 575 460 392 353

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,588 1,620 783 684 805 936

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

6,989 6,976 3,415 3,427 3,574 3,550

Percent of total employed

5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.4 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,631 3,633 1,993 2,027 1,638 1,607

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,851 1,899 588 603 1,263 1,296

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

222 253 156 159 65 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,251 1,150 659 613 592 537

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Change from:
Sept.2012 - Oct.2012(p)

Total nonfarm

132,870 133,234 133,881 134,792 131,806 133,436 133,584 133,755 171

Total private

110,479 112,368 112,038 112,399 109,781 111,432 111,560 111,744 184

Goods-producing

18,414 18,742 18,653 18,625 18,106 18,322 18,309 18,330 21

Mining and logging

822 857 848 836 810 835 834 825 -9

Logging

49.0 52.1 52.6 51.9 47.0 49.5 49.8 49.7 -0.1

Mining

773.2 804.5 795.7 784.0 762.9 785.7 783.7 774.8 -8.9

Oil and gas extraction

182.2 198.4 195.9 194.6 182.6 195.5 195.4 195.1 -0.3

Mining, except oil and gas(1)

225.4 224.0 222.1 219.4 220.6 215.7 215.9 214.7 -1.2

Coal mining

87.1 82.2 81.2 80.0 87.4 81.9 81.2 80.4 -0.8

Support activities for mining

365.6 382.1 377.7 370.0 359.7 374.5 372.4 365.0 -7.4

Construction

5,753 5,813 5,770 5,770 5,519 5,520 5,522 5,539 17

Construction of buildings

1,268.0 1,267.8 1,258.6 1,262.1 1,230.4 1,218.4 1,220.9 1,223.5 2.6

Residential building

584.6 589.1 582.6 577.2 567.1 562.9 562.3 560.3 -2.0

Nonresidential building

683.4 678.7 676.0 684.9 663.3 655.5 658.6 663.2 4.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction

896.8 912.2 911.5 903.7 832.3 843.0 841.5 839.0 -2.5

Specialty trade contractors

3,588.2 3,633.2 3,600.2 3,603.7 3,456.4 3,458.6 3,459.7 3,476.5 16.8

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,510.1 1,541.1 1,527.8 1,529.7 1,453.9 1,465.8 1,466.3 1,473.0 6.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,078.1 2,092.1 2,072.4 2,074.0 2,002.5 1,992.8 1,993.4 2,003.5 10.1

Manufacturing

11,839 12,072 12,035 12,019 11,777 11,967 11,953 11,966 13

Durable goods

7,346 7,530 7,496 7,493 7,317 7,486 7,471 7,476 5

Wood products

333.9 334.8 333.4 333.5 332.0 327.6 329.1 331.8 2.7

Nonmetallic mineral products

372.5 369.6 367.2 368.0 364.1 359.5 359.1 360.5 1.4

Primary metals

398.3 409.6 406.4 406.4 397.7 408.3 405.0 406.0 1.0

Fabricated metal products

1,359.9 1,416.5 1,412.2 1,410.7 1,349.6 1,406.9 1,406.4 1,405.2 -1.2

Machinery

1,072.8 1,108.2 1,101.1 1,102.4 1,070.4 1,105.2 1,103.9 1,102.8 -1.1

Computer and electronic products(1)

1,110.1 1,110.3 1,098.6 1,100.8 1,111.0 1,105.9 1,100.0 1,101.6 1.6

Computer and peripheral equipment

160.8 167.8 164.2 164.4 160.7 167.1 164.7 164.6 -0.1

Communications equipment

113.3 108.4 108.1 107.0 113.2 108.3 107.8 107.0 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic components

387.7 387.7 384.5 386.8 388.2 386.2 385.0 387.0 2.0

Electronic instruments

402.9 401.6 397.6 398.3 403.6 399.7 398.2 398.9 0.7

Electrical equipment and appliances

368.0 373.2 372.8 371.5 367.8 372.0 372.0 371.9 -0.1

Transportation equipment(1)

1,404.1 1,468.8 1,471.2 1,470.0 1,400.8 1,468.9 1,467.5 1,468.9 1.4

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

731.8 779.3 779.6 774.9 728.8 779.8 776.3 774.2 -2.1

Furniture and related products

352.3 355.9 352.0 349.9 351.0 350.7 349.1 349.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing

574.3 582.7 580.6 579.3 572.4 580.5 579.3 578.3 -1.0

Nondurable goods

4,493 4,542 4,539 4,526 4,460 4,481 4,482 4,490 8

Food manufacturing

1,478.5 1,507.1 1,506.3 1,499.7 1,456.2 1,467.9 1,469.9 1,473.6 3.7

Beverages and tobacco products

195.9 206.1 208.0 206.3 191.2 199.7 200.2 201.7 1.5

Textile mills

119.5 119.1 119.9 118.1 119.4 118.8 119.2 118.4 -0.8

Textile product mills

115.4 114.3 113.3 113.9 114.8 113.4 113.1 113.5 0.4

Apparel

152.7 146.3 148.3 147.6 152.5 146.3 146.8 146.9 0.1

Leather and allied products

30.2 29.3 29.4 29.0 29.7 29.1 29.1 28.7 -0.4

Paper and paper products

391.8 391.1 390.4 388.1 391.4 389.6 389.1 388.2 -0.9

Printing and related support activities

465.2 456.2 451.7 452.6 463.5 454.5 450.1 451.0 0.9

Petroleum and coal products

116.6 116.1 116.6 118.2 113.3 113.8 114.2 114.8 0.6

Chemicals

791.3 801.1 801.3 801.1 793.2 798.7 801.1 802.7 1.6

Plastics and rubber products

636.3 655.0 653.4 651.6 634.7 649.0 648.8 650.4 1.6

Private service-providing

92,065 93,626 93,385 93,774 91,675 93,110 93,251 93,414 163

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25,174 25,368 25,354 25,515 25,102 25,370 25,402 25,447 45

Wholesale trade

5,565.2 5,667.2 5,641.3 5,665.4 5,547.2 5,646.1 5,643.1 5,649.6 6.5

Durable goods

2,768.0 2,812.0 2,799.2 2,800.3 2,761.3 2,799.8 2,797.1 2,794.3 -2.8

Nondurable goods

1,955.1 1,987.5 1,978.0 1,996.9 1,946.5 1,980.6 1,980.8 1,988.8 8.0

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

842.1 867.7 864.1 868.2 839.4 865.7 865.2 866.5 1.3

Retail trade

14,699.8 14,771.0 14,710.3 14,840.4 14,690.9 14,768.3 14,795.6 14,832.0 36.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)

1,708.7 1,735.7 1,736.1 1,739.1 1,701.4 1,719.9 1,724.5 1,731.8 7.3

Automobile dealers

1,069.6 1,093.5 1,095.7 1,098.6 1,066.1 1,087.2 1,091.0 1,095.3 4.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores

453.4 448.0 447.0 464.4 447.0 453.9 453.3 456.8 3.5

Electronics and appliance stores

517.9 491.1 488.2 496.3 516.6 498.1 495.9 495.9 0.0

Building material and garden supply stores

1,122.0 1,159.9 1,139.1 1,132.6 1,137.9 1,148.4 1,152.7 1,153.7 1.0

Food and beverage stores

2,845.3 2,899.1 2,883.0 2,891.7 2,841.1 2,883.1 2,886.3 2,888.9 2.6

Health and personal care stores

984.0 1,000.9 999.8 1,007.5 985.8 1,002.3 1,004.4 1,008.7 4.3

Gasoline stations

830.7 843.8 837.0 832.8 828.6 830.4 830.9 831.2 0.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,366.0 1,388.8 1,376.9 1,402.5 1,364.3 1,384.2 1,394.7 1,397.8 3.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

569.1 573.3 572.6 573.1 571.6 570.1 568.6 572.5 3.9

General merchandise stores(1)

3,078.2 3,014.0 3,001.9 3,044.3 3,091.9 3,053.4 3,055.8 3,061.4 5.6

Department stores

1,536.8 1,478.7 1,466.4 1,484.0 1,550.9 1,510.7 1,507.1 1,505.1 -2.0

Miscellaneous store retailers

776.8 785.4 795.2 809.1 769.4 786.3 792.4 797.9 5.5

Nonstore retailers

447.7 431.0 433.5 447.0 435.3 438.2 436.1 435.4 -0.7

Transportation and warehousing

4,352.1 4,362.2 4,437.5 4,443.5 4,306.8 4,390.6 4,397.8 4,400.0 2.2

Air transportation

455.9 460.7 455.4 451.1 456.1 456.5 453.9 452.0 -1.9

Rail transportation

232.2 233.7 230.5 230.0 231.5 231.3 230.4 229.8 -0.6

Water transportation

63.7 69.5 68.4 68.4 63.1 67.1 67.2 67.8 0.6

Truck transportation

1,326.9 1,377.6 1,371.5 1,372.4 1,307.1 1,350.9 1,350.7 1,354.3 3.6

Transit and ground passenger transportation

452.4 376.2 457.7 466.5 435.7 440.8 444.9 447.1 2.2

Pipeline transportation

43.1 44.1 44.3 44.2 43.0 44.1 44.3 44.2 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

30.7 38.9 36.4 30.8 29.6 30.2 31.0 30.1 -0.9

Support activities for transportation

573.1 582.6 584.8 587.8 569.8 582.9 585.5 585.3 -0.2

Couriers and messengers

519.4 516.8 521.0 515.9 523.3 525.5 525.9 521.4 -4.5

Warehousing and storage

654.7 662.1 667.5 676.4 647.6 661.3 664.0 668.0 4.0

Utilities

556.7 567.2 564.6 565.2 556.7 565.4 565.8 565.7 -0.1

Information

2,643 2,647 2,615 2,621 2,646 2,634 2,625 2,626 1

Publishing industries, except Internet

749.4 742.0 739.6 740.3 748.6 739.7 739.6 738.9 -0.7

Motion picture and sound recording industries

352.9 386.4 361.9 361.9 356.5 374.4 368.2 368.4 0.2

Broadcasting, except Internet

281.9 277.9 280.1 279.4 280.3 278.6 279.0 278.4 -0.6

Telecommunications

852.4 827.4 823.5 828.5 853.1 829.5 827.6 829.0 1.4

Data processing, hosting and related services

242.0 242.4 239.3 239.9 242.4 242.7 240.3 240.3 0.0

Other information services

164.7 171.0 170.1 170.6 165.3 169.3 170.5 170.5 0.0

Financial activities

7,686 7,796 7,761 7,766 7,680 7,745 7,759 7,763 4

Finance and insurance

5,745.2 5,800.7 5,787.2 5,800.8 5,744.1 5,791.6 5,798.2 5,801.8 3.6

Monetary authorities - central bank

19.3 19.4 19.2 19.4 19.4 19.2 19.2 19.3 0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities(1)

2,553.2 2,598.9 2,598.9 2,603.4 2,552.2 2,596.6 2,604.3 2,606.6 2.3

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,736.8 1,750.7 1,744.5 1,748.2 1,738.2 1,746.8 1,750.6 1,752.1 1.5

Commercial banking

1,313.6 1,319.4 1,314.4 1,317.5 1,314.7 1,316.1 1,319.3 1,320.3 1.0

Securities, commodity contracts, investments

807.7 807.0 799.9 803.0 807.1 804.0 801.7 801.9 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,280.7 2,290.4 2,285.2 2,290.5 2,281.5 2,287.1 2,288.6 2,289.6 1.0

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles

84.3 85.0 84.0 84.5 83.9 84.7 84.4 84.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

1,941.0 1,995.7 1,973.3 1,964.9 1,935.9 1,953.8 1,960.4 1,961.0 0.6

Real estate

1,409.4 1,441.5 1,427.5 1,423.5 1,404.4 1,415.5 1,420.6 1,420.2 -0.4

Rental and leasing services

507.3 530.9 522.6 518.3 507.2 514.9 516.6 517.7 1.1

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

24.3 23.3 23.2 23.1 24.3 23.4 23.2 23.1 -0.1

Professional and business services

17,658 18,071 18,035 18,171 17,482 17,948 17,956 18,007 51

Professional and technical services(1)

7,741.4 7,931.4 7,901.5 7,958.9 7,772.1 7,970.2 7,981.3 7,996.8 15.5

Legal services

1,115.8 1,120.3 1,114.5 1,121.9 1,115.0 1,119.7 1,121.0 1,121.6 0.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services

870.3 876.6 874.4 877.5 940.4 953.0 952.6 952.9 0.3

Architectural and engineering services

1,308.5 1,343.7 1,335.8 1,337.2 1,299.3 1,325.1 1,328.0 1,329.5 1.5

Computer systems design and related services

1,555.8 1,617.1 1,613.6 1,630.9 1,548.5 1,612.6 1,616.9 1,623.5 6.6

Management and technical consulting services

1,100.9 1,153.0 1,147.5 1,161.0 1,091.6 1,148.2 1,147.4 1,151.9 4.5

Management of companies and enterprises

1,926.1 1,959.2 1,955.1 1,956.1 1,926.8 1,952.3 1,954.4 1,956.8 2.4

Administrative and waste services

7,990.7 8,180.6 8,178.6 8,256.4 7,782.9 8,025.2 8,019.8 8,053.2 33.4

Administrative and support services(1)

7,618.6 7,801.7 7,804.1 7,883.1 7,413.5 7,653.9 7,648.9 7,682.4 33.5

Employment services(1)

3,121.8 3,255.1 3,271.0 3,328.0 2,985.5 3,204.2 3,187.9 3,203.7 15.8

Temporary help services

2,476.8 2,571.4 2,597.1 2,653.9 2,357.9 2,538.5 2,526.7 2,540.3 13.6

Business support services

820.8 814.6 821.0 843.2 811.3 826.7 828.0 833.3 5.3

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,833.7 1,871.8 1,852.0 1,851.0 1,787.4 1,777.8 1,787.2 1,800.5 13.3

Waste management and remediation services

372.1 378.9 374.5 373.3 369.4 371.3 370.9 370.8 -0.1

Education and health services

20,201 20,031 20,331 20,611 20,026 20,365 20,415 20,440 25

Educational services

3,409.7 3,025.5 3,281.3 3,477.0 3,261.1 3,335.1 3,345.2 3,337.6 -7.6

Health care and social assistance

16,791.7 17,005.8 17,049.9 17,134.0 16,764.6 17,029.7 17,069.9 17,102.4 32.5

Health care(3)

14,173.1 14,410.4 14,417.0 14,474.2 14,158.2 14,386.8 14,424.0 14,454.5 30.5

Ambulatory health care services(1)

6,231.1 6,367.5 6,387.0 6,434.0 6,217.3 6,363.6 6,389.6 6,414.5 24.9

Offices of physicians

2,388.1 2,433.2 2,435.3 2,457.9 2,382.1 2,433.2 2,439.2 2,450.4 11.2

Outpatient care centers

633.1 665.8 668.8 674.2 632.1 666.5 671.6 673.3 1.7

Home health care services

1,158.2 1,196.6 1,210.7 1,220.8 1,156.1 1,198.8 1,207.7 1,215.6 7.9

Hospitals

4,759.0 4,830.5 4,830.1 4,839.4 4,757.6 4,825.0 4,832.8 4,839.0 6.2

Nursing and residential care facilities(1)

3,183.0 3,212.4 3,199.9 3,200.8 3,183.3 3,198.2 3,201.6 3,201.0 -0.6

Nursing care facilities

1,670.9 1,664.6 1,660.5 1,659.4 1,671.8 1,659.0 1,660.0 1,659.5 -0.5

Social assistance(1)

2,618.6 2,595.4 2,632.9 2,659.8 2,606.4 2,642.9 2,645.9 2,647.9 2.0

Child day care services

852.7 796.5 842.9 854.6 842.8 842.4 842.0 842.4 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

13,357 14,294 13,906 13,692 13,394 13,670 13,706 13,734 28

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,871.1 2,191.2 1,991.6 1,895.8 1,909.9 1,928.5 1,929.2 1,934.5 5.3

Performing arts and spectator sports

399.2 434.6 423.8 411.8 395.1 405.4 407.7 408.0 0.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

133.4 145.3 136.7 135.6 133.2 134.3 134.7 135.5 0.8

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,338.5 1,611.3 1,431.1 1,348.4 1,381.6 1,388.8 1,386.8 1,391.0 4.2

Accommodation and food services

11,486.3 12,103.0 11,913.9 11,796.5 11,484.4 11,741.0 11,776.5 11,799.3 22.8

Accommodation

1,800.2 1,954.9 1,852.0 1,795.9 1,811.8 1,811.7 1,807.0 1,806.9 -0.1

Food services and drinking places

9,686.1 10,148.1 10,061.9 10,000.6 9,672.6 9,929.3 9,969.5 9,992.4 22.9

Other services

5,346 5,419 5,383 5,398 5,345 5,378 5,388 5,397 9

Repair and maintenance

1,165.3 1,166.6 1,168.6 1,168.8 1,164.4 1,161.9 1,163.8 1,166.5 2.7

Personal and laundry services

1,286.3 1,308.5 1,302.2 1,304.6 1,289.7 1,300.6 1,301.8 1,306.9 5.1

Membership associations and organizations

2,894.1 2,943.7 2,912.2 2,924.4 2,891.1 2,915.7 2,922.7 2,923.4 0.7

Government

22,391 20,866 21,843 22,393 22,025 22,004 22,024 22,011 -13

Federal

2,846.0 2,821.0 2,813.0 2,807.0 2,844.0 2,808.0 2,810.0 2,804.0 -6.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,217.2 2,212.5 2,211.0 2,195.6 2,219.9 2,197.7 2,202.7 2,196.6 -6.1

U.S. Postal Service

628.7 608.8 601.8 611.7 623.7 610.2 607.5 607.4 -0.1

State government

5,215.0 4,789.0 5,107.0 5,242.0 5,063.0 5,065.0 5,092.0 5,085.0 -7.0

State government education

2,549.7 2,128.4 2,466.0 2,615.8 2,390.1 2,421.3 2,451.5 2,448.9 -2.6

State government, excluding education

2,665.3 2,660.8 2,641.2 2,625.9 2,673.3 2,643.2 2,640.6 2,635.9 -4.7

Local government

14,330.0 13,256.0 13,923.0 14,344.0 14,118.0 14,131.0 14,122.0 14,122.0 0.0

Local government education

8,113.3 6,826.1 7,677.8 8,133.7 7,866.0 7,876.8 7,876.9 7,874.0 -2.9

Local government, excluding education

6,217.1 6,429.8 6,244.8 6,210.6 6,252.3 6,253.7 6,245.2 6,248.0 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing

40.1 40.1 40.2 40.1

Mining and logging

45.4 43.5 43.5 43.4

Construction

38.1 38.6 38.8 38.8

Manufacturing

40.6 40.5 40.6 40.5

Durable goods

41.0 40.7 40.9 40.8

Nondurable goods

40.0 40.1 40.1 40.0

Private service-providing

33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.6 34.5 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade

38.8 38.6 38.6 38.5

Retail trade

31.7 31.5 31.5 31.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.3 38.2 38.3 38.5

Utilities

42.2 41.7 41.8 41.5

Information

36.7 36.4 36.5 36.2

Financial activities

37.5 37.2 37.4 37.3

Professional and business services

35.8 36.0 36.0 35.8

Education and health services

32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality

26.0 26.0 26.0 25.9

Other services

31.7 31.5 31.5 31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods

3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods

3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

Total private

$23.22 $23.52 $23.59 $23.58 $798.77 $809.09 $811.50 $811.15

Goods-producing

24.56 24.73 24.83 24.76 984.86 991.67 998.17 992.88

Mining and logging

28.23 28.78 28.99 28.81 1,281.64 1,251.93 1,261.07 1,250.35

Construction

25.47 25.75 25.87 25.86 970.41 993.95 1,003.76 1,003.37

Manufacturing

23.87 23.97 24.05 23.97 969.12 970.79 976.43 970.79

Durable goods

25.43 25.38 25.45 25.32 1,042.63 1,032.97 1,040.91 1,033.06

Nondurable goods

21.26 21.59 21.68 21.68 850.40 865.76 869.37 867.20

Private service-providing

22.91 23.23 23.30 23.30 762.90 773.56 775.89 773.56

Trade, transportation, and utilities

20.16 20.54 20.57 20.61 697.54 708.63 709.67 708.98

Wholesale trade

26.43 26.86 26.93 27.02 1,025.48 1,036.80 1,039.50 1,040.27

Retail trade

15.96 16.36 16.39 16.43 505.93 515.34 516.29 515.90

Transportation and warehousing

21.87 22.00 21.95 21.97 837.62 840.40 840.69 845.85

Utilities

33.95 34.23 34.53 34.22 1,432.69 1,427.39 1,443.35 1,420.13

Information

31.39 31.46 31.74 31.69 1,152.01 1,145.14 1,158.51 1,147.18

Financial activities

28.21 29.23 29.34 29.33 1,057.88 1,087.36 1,097.32 1,094.01

Professional and business services

27.98 28.06 28.16 28.10 1,001.68 1,010.16 1,013.76 1,005.98

Education and health services

23.82 24.18 24.24 24.28 781.30 795.52 797.50 798.81

Leisure and hospitality

13.29 13.39 13.38 13.35 345.54 348.14 347.88 345.77

Other services

20.61 20.78 20.86 20.88 653.34 654.57 657.09 657.72

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2012 - Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2012 - Oct.
2012(p)

Total private

94.6 96.1 96.2 96.3 0.1 104.8 107.7 108.2 108.3 0.1

Goods-producing

82.7 83.7 83.9 83.7 -0.2 91.8 93.6 94.1 93.7 -0.4

Mining and logging

115.6 114.1 114.0 112.5 -1.3 131.0 131.9 132.7 130.1 -2.0

Construction

72.5 73.4 73.9 74.1 0.3 80.2 82.2 83.0 83.2 0.2

Manufacturing

86.0 87.2 87.3 87.2 -0.1 95.5 97.2 97.6 97.2 -0.4

Durable goods

84.5 85.8 86.0 85.9 -0.1 95.4 96.7 97.2 96.6 -0.6

Nondurable goods

89.0 89.7 89.7 89.6 -0.1 96.1 98.3 98.7 98.6 -0.1

Private service-providing

98.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 -0.1 108.8 112.1 112.6 112.4 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

94.5 95.2 95.3 95.2 -0.1 102.5 105.2 105.5 105.6 0.1

Wholesale trade

93.9 95.1 95.0 94.9 -0.1 103.6 106.6 106.8 107.0 0.2

Retail trade

94.6 94.5 94.7 94.6 -0.1 99.8 102.2 102.6 102.8 0.2

Transportation and warehousing

94.4 96.0 96.4 97.0 0.6 104.8 107.2 107.4 108.1 0.7

Utilities

101.6 102.0 102.3 101.6 -0.7 114.0 115.4 116.7 114.8 -1.6

Information

88.7 87.6 87.5 86.8 -0.8 99.1 98.1 98.9 98.0 -0.9

Financial activities

94.9 94.9 95.6 95.4 -0.2 104.5 108.3 109.5 109.2 -0.3

Professional and business services

98.4 101.6 101.7 101.4 -0.3 111.6 115.5 116.0 115.4 -0.5

Education and health services

106.9 109.1 109.3 109.5 0.2 119.3 123.6 124.2 124.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

99.4 101.4 101.7 101.5 -0.2 106.5 109.6 109.8 109.3 -0.5

Other services

93.9 93.9 94.0 94.2 0.2 109.8 110.7 111.3 111.6 0.3

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

Total nonfarm

65,170 65,812 65,886 65,977 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private

52,570 53,275 53,340 53,419 47.9 47.8 47.8 47.8

Goods-producing

4,050 4,095 4,092 4,094 22.4 22.4 22.3 22.3

Mining and logging

107 114 113 113 13.2 13.7 13.5 13.7

Construction

708 716 717 716 12.8 13.0 13.0 12.9

Manufacturing

3,235 3,265 3,262 3,265 27.5 27.3 27.3 27.3

Durable goods

1,711 1,729 1,727 1,728 23.4 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods

1,524 1,536 1,535 1,537 34.2 34.3 34.2 34.2

Private service-providing

48,520 49,180 49,248 49,325 52.9 52.8 52.8 52.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,021 10,083 10,081 10,105 39.9 39.7 39.7 39.7

Wholesale trade

1,670.6 1,703.2 1,692.5 1,694.4 30.1 30.2 30.0 30.0

Retail trade

7,213.4 7,221.0 7,229.0 7,250.8 49.1 48.9 48.9 48.9

Transportation and warehousing

1,001.8 1,018.3 1,018.8 1,018.0 23.3 23.2 23.2 23.1

Utilities

135.0 140.3 140.8 141.6 24.3 24.8 24.9 25.0

Information

1,073 1,059 1,054 1,057 40.6 40.2 40.2 40.3

Financial activities

4,463 4,488 4,502 4,504 58.1 57.9 58.0 58.0

Professional and business services

7,777 7,946 7,955 7,954 44.5 44.3 44.3 44.2

Education and health services

15,372 15,632 15,671 15,694 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality

6,996 7,133 7,140 7,158 52.2 52.2 52.1 52.1

Other services

2,818 2,839 2,845 2,853 52.7 52.8 52.8 52.9

Government

12,600 12,537 12,546 12,558 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data in this table have been corrected. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps_correction.htm.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

Total private

90,546 92,066 92,191 92,358

Goods-producing

13,050 13,180 13,166 13,188

Mining and logging

613 626 627 620

Construction

4,169 4,132 4,135 4,151

Manufacturing

8,268 8,422 8,404 8,417

Durable goods

5,021 5,159 5,146 5,152

Nondurable goods

3,247 3,263 3,258 3,265

Private service-providing

77,496 78,886 79,025 79,170

Trade, transportation, and utilities

21,285 21,536 21,565 21,618

Wholesale trade

4,443.4 4,548.5 4,547.5 4,555.0

Retail trade

12,686.2 12,735.9 12,757.4 12,792.0

Transportation and warehousing

3,712.1 3,800.5 3,808.3 3,819.1

Utilities

443.2 451.2 451.7 451.6

Information

2,122 2,132 2,126 2,126

Financial activities

5,890 5,964 5,973 5,976

Professional and business services

14,382 14,850 14,878 14,920

Education and health services

17,534 17,858 17,890 17,904

Leisure and hospitality

11,805 12,052 12,094 12,121

Other services

4,478 4,494 4,499 4,505

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing

40.9 40.9 41.0 41.1

Mining and logging

47.5 45.9 46.0 45.5

Construction

38.8 39.0 39.2 39.4

Manufacturing

41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5

Durable goods

41.9 41.8 41.9 41.9

Nondurable goods

40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0

Private service-providing

32.5 32.4 32.5 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6

Wholesale trade

38.7 38.5 38.7 38.6

Retail trade

30.7 30.5 30.4 30.2

Transportation and warehousing

37.8 37.8 37.9 38.1

Utilities

41.9 41.0 41.1 40.7

Information

36.3 35.8 35.8 35.6

Financial activities

36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services

35.3 35.2 35.3 35.0

Education and health services

32.4 32.3 32.3 32.2

Leisure and hospitality

24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9

Other services

30.9 30.5 30.6 30.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1

Durable goods

4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Nondurable goods

4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)

Total private

$19.57 $19.75 $19.80 $19.79 $659.51 $663.60 $667.26 $664.94

Goods-producing

20.75 20.94 20.94 20.99 848.68 856.45 858.54 862.69

Mining and logging

24.85 25.83 25.77 26.12 1,180.38 1,185.60 1,185.42 1,188.46

Construction

23.72 23.97 23.99 24.04 920.34 934.83 940.41 947.18

Manufacturing

19.00 19.14 19.12 19.15 788.50 794.31 793.48 794.73

Durable goods

20.20 20.24 20.21 20.18 846.38 846.03 846.80 845.54

Nondurable goods

17.10 17.36 17.37 17.48 699.39 711.76 712.17 716.68

Private service-providing

19.32 19.50 19.56 19.54 627.90 631.80 635.70 631.14

Trade, transportation, and utilities

17.26 17.40 17.45 17.46 583.39 586.38 588.07 586.66

Wholesale trade

22.07 22.17 22.23 22.24 854.11 853.55 860.30 858.46

Retail trade

13.62 13.80 13.84 13.86 418.13 420.90 420.74 418.57

Transportation and warehousing

19.67 19.49 19.47 19.46 743.53 736.72 737.91 741.43

Utilities

30.96 31.61 31.82 31.72 1,297.22 1,296.01 1,307.80 1,291.00

Information

26.83 26.98 27.17 27.06 973.93 965.88 972.69 963.34

Financial activities

21.99 22.76 22.85 22.91 804.83 835.29 840.88 843.09

Professional and business services

23.15 23.27 23.37 23.27 817.20 819.10 824.96 814.45

Education and health services

20.99 21.06 21.11 21.11 680.08 680.24 681.85 679.74

Leisure and hospitality

11.50 11.63 11.62 11.62 285.20 289.59 289.34 289.34

Other services

17.41 17.52 17.55 17.58 537.97 534.36 537.03 536.19

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2012 - Oct.
2012(p)
Oct.
2011
Aug.
2012
Sept.
2012(p)
Oct.
2012(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2012 - Oct.
2012(p)

Total private

102.0 103.4 103.8 103.7 -0.1 133.3 136.4 137.3 137.1 -0.1

Goods-producing

81.6 82.4 82.5 82.8 0.4 103.6 105.6 105.8 106.5 0.7

Mining and logging

154.7 152.7 153.3 149.9 -2.2 223.6 229.4 229.7 227.7 -0.9

Construction

81.0 80.7 81.2 81.9 0.9 103.7 104.4 105.1 106.3 1.1

Manufacturing

78.8 80.2 80.1 80.2 0.1 97.9 100.4 100.1 100.4 0.3

Durable goods

79.1 81.0 81.0 81.1 0.1 99.7 102.4 102.2 102.2 0.0

Nondurable goods

78.2 78.8 78.7 78.9 0.3 94.5 96.7 96.6 97.4 0.8

Private service-providing

107.7 109.3 109.8 109.3 -0.5 142.7 146.1 147.3 146.5 -0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

100.3 101.2 101.3 101.3 0.0 123.5 125.6 126.1 126.1 0.0

Wholesale trade

101.3 103.1 103.6 103.5 -0.1 131.7 134.7 135.7 135.7 0.0

Retail trade

98.6 98.3 98.2 97.8 -0.4 115.1 116.3 116.4 116.2 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing

105.6 108.1 108.6 109.5 0.8 131.8 133.7 134.2 135.2 0.7

Utilities

95.0 94.6 94.9 94.0 -0.9 122.7 124.8 126.1 124.5 -1.3

Information

87.9 87.1 86.9 86.4 -0.6 116.8 116.4 116.8 115.7 -0.9

Financial activities

103.2 104.7 105.2 105.2 0.0 140.3 147.4 148.6 149.1 0.3

Professional and business services

113.8 117.1 117.7 117.0 -0.6 156.7 162.2 163.7 162.1 -1.0

Education and health services

122.6 124.4 124.7 124.4 -0.2 169.1 172.3 173.0 172.6 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality

107.2 109.9 110.3 110.6 0.3 140.1 145.2 145.6 145.9 0.2

Other services

97.0 96.1 96.5 96.4 -0.1 123.1 122.7 123.5 123.4 -0.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: November 02, 2012