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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Technical information:
  Household data:      (202) 691-6378     USDL 08-1617
              http://www.bls.gov/cps/

  Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555     Transmission of material in this release
              http://www.bls.gov/ces/     is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902     Friday, November 7, 2008.
                                   
                                   
                  THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:  OCTOBER 2008


   Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 240,000 in October, and the unemployment rate 
rose from 6.1 to 6.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department 
of Labor reported today.  October's drop in payroll employment followed declines of 
127,000 in August and 284,000 in September, as revised.  Employment has fallen by 
1.2 million in the first 10 months of 2008; over half of the decrease has occurred 
in the past 3 months.  In October, job losses continued in manufacturing, construc-
tion, and several service-providing industries.  Health care and mining continued 
to add jobs.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

   The unemployment rate rose by 0.4 percentage point to 6.5 percent in October, 
and the number of unemployed persons increased by 603,000 to 10.1 million.  Over 
the past 12 months, the number of unemployed persons has increased by 2.8 mil-
lion, and the unemployment rate has risen by 1.7 percentage points.  (See 
table A-1.)

   The unemployment rates for adult men (6.3 percent), adult women (5.3 percent), 
whites (5.9 percent), and Hispanics (8.8 percent) rose in October.  The jobless 
rates for teenagers (20.6 percent) and blacks (11.1 percent) were little changed.  
The unemployment rate for Asians in October was 3.8 percent, not seasonally ad-
justed.  (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

   Among the unemployed, the number of persons who lost their job and did not ex-
pect to be recalled to work rose by 615,000 to 4.4 million in October.  Over the 
past 12 months, the size of this group has increased by 1.7 million.  (See 
table A-8.)

   In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or 
more) rose by 249,000 to 2.3 million.  The long-term unemployed accounted for 
22.3 percent of total unemployment.  The newly unemployed--those who were jobless 
fewer than 5 weeks--increased by 212,000 to 3.1 million in October.  (See 
table A-9.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

   The civilian labor force participation rate (66.1 percent) and the employment-
population ratio (61.8 percent) were little changed in October.  Since a recent 
high in December 2006, the employment-population ratio has declined by 1.6 per-
centage points.  (See table A-1.)


                                     - 2 -


Table A.  Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted        
(Numbers in thousands)                                                          
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
                         |                 |                          |         
                         |    Quarterly    |                          |         
                         |     averages    |       Monthly data       | Sept.-  
        Category         |_________________|__________________________|  Oct.   
                         |        |        |        |        |        | change  
                         |   II   |  III   |  Aug.  |  Sept. |  Oct.  |         
                         |  2008  |  2008  |  2008  |  2008  |  2008  |         
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
     HOUSEHOLD DATA      |                 Labor force status                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Civilian labor force ....| 154,294| 154,730| 154,853| 154,732| 155,038|     306 
  Employment ............| 146,089| 145,517| 145,477| 145,255| 144,958|    -297 
  Unemployment ..........|   8,204|   9,213|   9,376|   9,477|  10,080|     603 
Not in labor force ......|  79,117|  79,381|  79,253|  79,628|  79,575|     -53 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                 Unemployment rates                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
All workers .............|     5.3|     6.0|     6.1|     6.1|     6.5|     0.4 
  Adult men .............|     4.9|     5.7|     5.6|     6.1|     6.3|      .2 
  Adult women ...........|     4.6|     4.9|     5.3|     4.9|     5.3|      .4 
  Teenagers .............|    17.4|    19.5|    18.9|    19.1|    20.6|     1.5 
  White .................|     4.7|     5.3|     5.4|     5.4|     5.9|      .5 
  Black or African       |        |        |        |        |        |         
    American ............|     9.1|    10.6|    10.6|    11.4|    11.1|     -.3 
  Hispanic or Latino     |        |        |        |        |        |         
    ethnicity ...........|     7.2|     7.7|     8.0|     7.8|     8.8|     1.0 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
  ESTABLISHMENT DATA     |                     Employment                       
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Nonfarm employment.......| 137,699|p137,371| 137,423|p137,139|p136,899|   p-240 
  Goods-producing (1)....|  21,565| p21,363|  21,367| p21,284| p21,152|   p-132 
    Construction ........|   7,242|  p7,148|   7,153|  p7,118|  p7,069|    p-49 
    Manufacturing .......|  13,563| p13,428|  13,426| p13,370| p13,280|    p-90 
  Service-providing (1)..| 116,134|p116,008| 116,056|p115,855|p115,747|   p-108 
      Retail trade (2)...|  15,337| p15,269|  15,275| p15,230| p15,192|    p-38 
    Professional and     |        |        |        |        |        |         
      business services .|  17,980| p17,858|  17,854| p17,815| p17,770|    p-45 
    Education and health |        |        |        |        |        |         
      services ..........|  18,823| p18,971|  18,997| p18,981| p19,002|     p21 
    Leisure and          |        |        |        |        |        |         
      hospitality .......|  13,683| p13,637|  13,639| p13,618| p13,602|    p-16 
    Government ..........|  22,439| p22,496|  22,514| p22,473| p22,496|     p23 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                  Hours of work (3)                   
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Total private ...........|    33.7|   p33.7|    33.7|   p33.6|   p33.6|    p0.0 
  Manufacturing .........|    41.0|   p40.8|    40.9|   p40.6|   p40.6|     p.0 
    Overtime ............|     3.9|    p3.7|     3.7|    p3.6|    p3.6|     p.0 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |   Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)    
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
                         |        |        |        |        |        |         
Total private ...........|   107.2|  p106.6|   106.8|  p106.2|  p105.9|   p-0.3 
                         |________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                         |                                                      
                         |                     Earnings (3)                     
                         |_____________________________________________________ 
Average hourly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |         
  total private .........|  $17.95| p$18.12|  $18.14| p$18.17| p$18.21|  p$0.04 
Average weekly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |         
  total private .........|  605.40| p610.15|  611.32| p610.51| p611.86|   p1.35 
_________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 
                                                                                
   1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.                           
   2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using      
unrounded data.                                                                 
   3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.              
   p = preliminary.                                                             


                                    - 3 -


   In October, the number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons 
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) rose by 645,000 to 6.7 
million.  The number of such workers increased by 2.3 million over the past 12 
months.  This category includes persons who would like to work full time but were 
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were un-
able to find full-time jobs.  (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

   About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached 
to the labor force in October, 273,000 more than 12 months earlier.  These indi-
viduals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in 
the prior 12 months.  They are not counted as unemployed because they had not 
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.  Among the marginally at-
tached, there were 484,000 discouraged workers in October; the number of dis-
couraged workers was 164,000 higher than a year earlier.  Discouraged workers are 
persons not currently looking for work specifically because they believe no jobs 
are available for them.  The other 1.2 million persons marginally attached to the 
labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the sur-
vey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities.  (See 
table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

   Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 240,000 in October, bringing job losses 
thus far in 2008 to 1.2 million.  Over the month, employment declines continued in 
manufacturing, construction, and several service-providing industries, while health 
care and mining again added jobs.  (See table B-1.)

   Manufacturing employment declined by 90,000 over the month.  Some 27,000 aero-
space workers in the transportation equipment industry were off payrolls in October 
due to a strike; taking the strike into account, factory job losses in October were 
about in line with the prior 2 months.  Within durable goods manufacturing, employ-
ment declined in fabricated metal products (-11,000), furniture and related products 
(-10,000), motor vehicles and parts (-9,000), wood products (-7,000), and computer 
and electronic products (-4,000).  In the nondurable goods component, job losses 
occurred in plastics and rubber products (-6,000), apparel (-4,000), and printing 
and related support activities (-4,000).

   Construction employment fell by 49,000 in October, with declines throughout the 
industry.  Since peaking in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 
663,000, largely in the residential components.

   Within professional and business services, the employment services industry shed 
51,000 jobs in October.  The pace of job loss in this industry has picked up in 2008, 
averaging 37,000 per month through October; in 2007, monthly job losses averaged 
11,000 in employment services.

   Retail trade employment fell by 38,000 in October, with the largest losses occur-
ring among automobile dealers (-20,000) and department stores (-18,000).  Wholesale 
trade employment was down by 22,000 over the month, with most of the decrease among 
durable goods wholesalers.

   Employment in financial activities declined by 24,000 in October and is down 
by 200,000 since its peak in December 2006.  Over the month, employment contracted 
in both credit intermediation and related activities (-12,000) and in securities 
and investment firms (-6,000).

   Health care employment continued to expand in October, with an increase of 
26,000.  Over the past 12 months, health care employment has grown by 348,000.  
The mining industry added 7,000 jobs in October.  Since a low in April 2003, min-
ing employment has grown by 246,000.


                                    - 4 -


Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

   In October, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on 
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours.  The manufacturing workweek 
and factory overtime also were unchanged over the month at 40.6 and 3.6 hours, 
respectively.  (See table B-2.)

   The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on 
private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.3 percent in October.  The manufacturing in-
dex fell by 1.0 percent.  (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

   In October, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on 
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $18.21, seasonally 
adjusted.  Average weekly earnings were $611.86.  Over the past 12 months, average 
hourly earnings increased by 3.5 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.9 
percent.  (See tables B-3 and B-4.)


                       ______________________________


   The Employment Situation for November 2008 is scheduled to be released on 
Friday, December 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).







                                  - 5 -


    Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates


Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based
estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations.  The estab-
lishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea-
surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size.  An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is
statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for
a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.
However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establish-
ment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the
establishment survey.  The household survey also provides estimates of
employment for demographic groups.


Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the
legal status of workers.  Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include
at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many
are counted in either survey.  The household survey does include questions about
whether respondents were born outside the United States.  Data from these ques-
tions show that foreign-born workers accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor 
force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000 
to 2007.


Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data
series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the
time of the initial publication of the estimates.  The establishment survey
revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the
survey.  For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark
revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts
available from unemployment insurance tax records.  The benchmark helps 
to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates.  For more 
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.
gov/web/cesbmart.htm.


Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes
the self-employed?

   While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household
survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment.  These
estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.



                                  - 6 -

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of busi-
ness establishments with fewer than 20 employees.  The establishment survey sam-
ple is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment esti-
mate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 
achieve that goal.


Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account
for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths.  The
adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs
impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net
impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages.  The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into
the sample.  There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its
appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection.  BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.


Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of
households.  All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and
available to work are included among the unemployed.  (People on temporary
layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.)  There is no
requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the
monthly survey.


Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for
work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force
who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers).  In addition, alternative measures of
labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially
counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news
release.






                                  - 7 - 


Technical Note

   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey).  The household survey provides the information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA.  It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households con-
ducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours,
and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA.  This information is collected from payroll records by BLS
in cooperation with state agencies.  The sample includes about 160,000 businesses
and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites.  
The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers.  The
sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month  relate to a particular week or
pay period.  In the household survey,  the reference week is generally the calen-
dar week that contains the 12th day of the month.  In the establishment survey,
the reference  period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not
correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey.  The sample  is selected  to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population.  Based on responses to a series of questions on work
and job search activities, each person  16 years and over in a sample household
is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their
jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or
personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the  reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week.  Persons laid off from  a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.  The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force  is the sum of employed and  unemployed persons.  Those
not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force.  The unemploy-
ment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the  labor force.  The labor
force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the
employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.


                                  - 8 -


   Establishment survey.  The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm
businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities.  Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay
for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.  Persons
are counted in each job they hold.  Hours and earnings data are for private busi-
nesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and non-
supervisory workers in the service-providing sector.  Industries are classified on 
the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the 
North American Industry Classification System.

   Differences in employment estimates.  The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important dis-
tinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys.  Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, and private household workers among the employed.  These groups are
excluded from the establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.  The
establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to  workers 16 years of age and older.  The
establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The  household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals
are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment
survey, employees working at more than one job  and thus appearing on more than
one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of
employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools.  The effect of such seasonal  variation can be very
large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-
month changes in unemployment.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics
from month to month.  These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as de-
clines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot.  For example, the large number of youth entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place rela-
tive to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has
risen or declined.  However, because the effect of students finishing school in pre-
vious years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow
for a comparable change.  Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.


                                  - 9 -


   Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the  household
and establishment surveys.  However, the adjusted series for many  major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month.  In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data.  In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates.  In both surveys, revisions to historical data
are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of con-
fidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.  BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment
from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000.  Suppose the
estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next.  The
90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to
530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000).  These figures do not mean that the sample results are
off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.  Since this range includes
values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in
fact, increased.  If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero.
In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had,
in fact, occurred.  At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower stan-
dard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations.  The precision of estimates is also improved when the
data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages.  The seasonal
adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.


                                  - 10 -


   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a seg-
ment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the 
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or pro-
cessing of the data.
 
   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are
based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables.  It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly esti-
mate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inabil-
ity to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms.  To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two
components is used to account for business births.  The first component uses business
deaths to impute employment for business births.  This is incorporated into the sample-
based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out
of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample.  The
second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net
birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation.  The historical time series
used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance uni-
verse micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths
over the past five years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on
a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative
records of the unemployment insurance program.  The difference between the March sample-
based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision,
and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error.  The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries.  Over the past decade, the benchmark revision
for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.1 percent
to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request.  Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone:  1-800-877-8339.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-1.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
         Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                      TOTAL                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  232,715   234,360   234,612   232,715   233,627   233,864   234,107   234,360   234,612 
    Civilian labor force.......................  153,516   154,509   155,012   153,306   154,390   154,603   154,853   154,732   155,038 
          Participation rate...................     66.0      65.9      66.1      65.9      66.1      66.1      66.1      66.0      66.1 
      Employed.................................  146,743   145,310   145,543   146,016   145,891   145,819   145,477   145,255   144,958 
          Employment-population ratio..........     63.1      62.0      62.0      62.7      62.4      62.4      62.1      62.0      61.8 
      Unemployed...............................    6,773     9,199     9,469     7,291     8,499     8,784     9,376     9,477    10,080 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.4       6.0       6.1       4.8       5.5       5.7       6.1       6.1       6.5 
    Not in labor force.........................   79,200    79,851    79,601    79,409    79,237    79,261    79,253    79,628    79,575 
      Persons who currently want a job.........    4,131     4,895     4,800     4,266     4,888     4,997     4,796     5,067     4,966 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 16 years and over                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  112,619   113,414   113,546   112,619   113,029   113,154   113,281   113,414   113,546 
    Civilian labor force.......................   82,177    82,654    82,772    82,210    82,528    82,889    82,807    82,945    82,983 
          Participation rate...................     73.0      72.9      72.9      73.0      73.0      73.3      73.1      73.1      73.1 
      Employed.................................   78,578    77,501    77,428    78,177    77,794    77,823    77,632    77,396    77,108 
          Employment-population ratio..........     69.8      68.3      68.2      69.4      68.8      68.8      68.5      68.2      67.9 
      Unemployed...............................    3,598     5,153     5,344     4,032     4,734     5,066     5,176     5,549     5,875 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.4       6.2       6.5       4.9       5.7       6.1       6.3       6.7       7.1 
    Not in labor force.........................   30,443    30,760    30,775    30,409    30,502    30,264    30,474    30,469    30,563 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  103,973   104,741   104,869   103,973   104,371   104,490   104,613   104,741   104,869 
    Civilian labor force.......................   78,805    79,307    79,462    78,664    79,037    79,327    79,318    79,444    79,451 
          Participation rate...................     75.8      75.7      75.8      75.7      75.7      75.9      75.8      75.8      75.8 
      Employed.................................   75,753    74,844    74,865    75,274    74,998    75,094    74,866    74,631    74,441 
          Employment-population ratio..........     72.9      71.5      71.4      72.4      71.9      71.9      71.6      71.3      71.0 
      Unemployed...............................    3,052     4,463     4,598     3,389     4,038     4,234     4,452     4,813     5,010 
          Unemployment rate....................      3.9       5.6       5.8       4.3       5.1       5.3       5.6       6.1       6.3 
    Not in labor force.........................   25,167    25,434    25,407    25,309    25,334    25,163    25,295    25,298    25,418 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 16 years and over                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  120,096   120,946   121,066   120,096   120,598   120,710   120,825   120,946   121,066 
    Civilian labor force.......................   71,339    71,855    72,240    71,096    71,862    71,714    72,046    71,787    72,055 
          Participation rate...................     59.4      59.4      59.7      59.2      59.6      59.4      59.6      59.4      59.5 
      Employed.................................   68,165    67,809    68,115    67,838    68,097    67,996    67,845    67,860    67,850 
          Employment-population ratio..........     56.8      56.1      56.3      56.5      56.5      56.3      56.2      56.1      56.0 
      Unemployed...............................    3,174     4,046     4,125     3,258     3,765     3,718     4,201     3,928     4,205 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.4       5.6       5.7       4.6       5.2       5.2       5.8       5.5       5.8 
    Not in labor force.........................   48,757    49,091    48,826    49,000    48,735    48,996    48,779    49,159    49,011 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  111,703   112,518   112,633   111,703   112,183   112,290   112,401   112,518   112,633 
    Civilian labor force.......................   67,970    68,635    69,059    67,623    68,446    68,303    68,672    68,423    68,757 
          Participation rate...................     60.8      61.0      61.3      60.5      61.0      60.8      61.1      60.8      61.0 
      Employed.................................   65,241    65,149    65,439    64,827    65,238    65,167    65,047    65,072    65,090 
          Employment-population ratio..........     58.4      57.9      58.1      58.0      58.2      58.0      57.9      57.8      57.8 
      Unemployed...............................    2,729     3,486     3,620     2,796     3,208     3,135     3,625     3,351     3,666 
          Unemployment rate....................      4.0       5.1       5.2       4.1       4.7       4.6       5.3       4.9       5.3 
    Not in labor force.........................   43,733    43,883    43,575    44,080    43,737    43,988    43,729    44,094    43,877 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   17,040    17,101    17,110    17,040    17,073    17,084    17,092    17,101    17,110 
    Civilian labor force.......................    6,740     6,567     6,490     7,020     6,907     6,973     6,863     6,865     6,830 
          Participation rate...................     39.6      38.4      37.9      41.2      40.5      40.8      40.2      40.1      39.9 
      Employed.................................    5,749     5,317     5,239     5,914     5,655     5,558     5,563     5,552     5,427 
          Employment-population ratio..........     33.7      31.1      30.6      34.7      33.1      32.5      32.6      32.5      31.7 
      Unemployed...............................      992     1,250     1,251     1,105     1,253     1,415     1,299     1,313     1,404 
          Unemployment rate....................     14.7      19.0      19.3      15.7      18.1      20.3      18.9      19.1      20.6 
    Not in labor force.........................   10,299    10,534    10,620    10,020    10,166    10,110    10,229    10,236    10,279 

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
  seasonally adjusted columns.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-2.  Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
      Employment status, race, sex, and age                                                                                              
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                     WHITE                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........  188,813   189,916   190,085   188,813   189,428   189,587   189,747   189,916   190,085 
    Civilian labor force.......................  125,228   125,853   126,311   125,151   125,704   125,971   125,981   125,955   126,388 
        Participation rate.....................     66.3      66.3      66.4      66.3      66.4      66.4      66.4      66.3      66.5 
      Employed.................................  120,424   119,294   119,389   119,883   119,518   119,542   119,222   119,180   118,893 
        Employment-population ratio............     63.8      62.8      62.8      63.5      63.1      63.1      62.8      62.8      62.5 
      Unemployed...............................    4,804     6,559     6,923     5,268     6,186     6,428     6,760     6,775     7,495 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.8       5.2       5.5       4.2       4.9       5.1       5.4       5.4       5.9 
    Not in labor force.........................   63,585    64,063    63,774    63,662    63,724    63,616    63,766    63,961    63,697 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................   65,337    65,645    65,785    65,255    65,402    65,789    65,690    65,747    65,844 
        Participation rate.....................     76.2      76.1      76.2      76.1      76.1      76.4      76.2      76.2      76.3 
      Employed.................................   63,143    62,400    62,411    62,762    62,447    62,695    62,446    62,239    62,081 
        Employment-population ratio............     73.7      72.3      72.3      73.2      72.6      72.8      72.5      72.2      71.9 
      Unemployed...............................    2,194     3,245     3,374     2,493     2,955     3,094     3,244     3,508     3,763 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.4       4.9       5.1       3.8       4.5       4.7       4.9       5.3       5.7 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................   54,355    54,809    55,204    54,102    54,562    54,424    54,668    54,603    54,930 
        Participation rate.....................     60.4      60.5      60.9      60.1      60.4      60.2      60.4      60.3      60.6 
      Employed.................................   52,476    52,421    52,595    52,136    52,282    52,184    52,118    52,309    52,236 
        Employment-population ratio............     58.3      57.9      58.0      57.9      57.9      57.7      57.6      57.8      57.6 
      Unemployed...............................    1,878     2,388     2,610     1,966     2,280     2,240     2,551     2,294     2,694 
        Unemployment rate......................      3.5       4.4       4.7       3.6       4.2       4.1       4.7       4.2       4.9 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................    5,536     5,399     5,321     5,795     5,740     5,758     5,623     5,606     5,615 
        Participation rate.....................     42.3      41.2      40.6      44.3      43.9      44.0      43.0      42.8      42.9 
      Employed.................................    4,805     4,473     4,383     4,985     4,789     4,664     4,658     4,632     4,577 
        Employment-population ratio............     36.7      34.2      33.5      38.1      36.6      35.6      35.6      35.4      34.9 
      Unemployed...............................      731       926       939       810       951     1,094       965       974     1,038 
        Unemployment rate......................     13.2      17.2      17.6      14.0      16.6      19.0      17.2      17.4      18.5 
                                                                                                                                         
           BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   27,627    27,939    27,982    27,627    27,816    27,854    27,896    27,939    27,982 
    Civilian labor force.......................   17,520    17,756    17,799    17,430    17,716    17,767    17,973    17,737    17,793 
        Participation rate.....................     63.4      63.6      63.6      63.1      63.7      63.8      64.4      63.5      63.6 
      Employed.................................   16,085    15,767    15,847    15,946    16,085    16,040    16,074    15,714    15,810 
        Employment-population ratio............     58.2      56.4      56.6      57.7      57.8      57.6      57.6      56.2      56.5 
      Unemployed...............................    1,435     1,989     1,952     1,483     1,632     1,726     1,899     2,023     1,983 
        Unemployment rate......................      8.2      11.2      11.0       8.5       9.2       9.7      10.6      11.4      11.1 
    Not in labor force.........................   10,107    10,183    10,183    10,197    10,100    10,088     9,923    10,202    10,190 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................    7,896     8,021     8,005     7,833     7,997     7,979     8,066     8,004     7,980 
        Participation rate.....................     71.0      71.4      71.1      70.4      71.5      71.3      71.9      71.2      70.9 
      Employed.................................    7,274     7,126     7,083     7,194     7,254     7,184     7,239     7,052     7,052 
        Employment-population ratio............     65.4      63.4      62.9      64.7      64.9      64.2      64.5      62.8      62.6 
      Unemployed...............................      622       895       923       640       742       795       827       951       928 
        Unemployment rate......................      7.9      11.2      11.5       8.2       9.3      10.0      10.3      11.9      11.6 
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................    8,863     9,003     9,021     8,823     8,973     8,985     9,052     8,921     9,004 
        Participation rate.....................     64.0      64.2      64.3      63.7      64.3      64.3      64.7      63.6      64.1 
      Employed.................................    8,243     8,122     8,231     8,195     8,305     8,311     8,225     8,089     8,211 
        Employment-population ratio............     59.5      57.9      58.6      59.2      59.5      59.5      58.8      57.7      58.5 
      Unemployed...............................      620       881       791       628       668       674       826       833       794 
        Unemployment rate......................      7.0       9.8       8.8       7.1       7.4       7.5       9.1       9.3       8.8 
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................      761       732       772       773       747       802       856       812       808 
        Participation rate.....................     28.6      27.3      28.8      29.1      27.9      30.0      31.9      30.3      30.1 
      Employed.................................      568       519       533       558       525       545       609       573       546 
        Employment-population ratio............     21.4      19.3      19.9      21.0      19.6      20.4      22.7      21.4      20.4 
      Unemployed...............................      192       213       239       215       221       257       246       239       262 
        Unemployment rate......................     25.3      29.1      30.9      27.9      29.6      32.0      28.8      29.4      32.4 
                                                                                                                                           
                       ASIAN                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                           
    Civilian noninstitutional population.........   10,719    10,820    10,791     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
      Civilian labor force.......................    7,069     7,179     7,141     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
          Participation rate.....................     65.9      66.4      66.2     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
        Employed.................................    6,806     6,904     6,870     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
          Employment-population ratio............     63.5      63.8      63.7     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
        Unemployed...............................      263       276       271     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
          Unemployment rate......................      3.7       3.8       3.8     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
      Not in labor force.........................    3,650     3,640     3,650     (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)   
  
      1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
    seasonally adjusted columns.
      2 Data not available.
      NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. 
    Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-3.  Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                      Seasonally adjusted (1)                  
                                                                                                                                         
         Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                                 
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
          HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                         
  Civilian noninstitutional population.........   31,714    32,369    32,465    31,714    32,087    32,179    32,273    32,369    32,465 
    Civilian labor force.......................   21,811    22,160    22,190    21,778    22,131    22,071    22,226    22,258    22,236 
        Participation rate.....................     68.8      68.5      68.4      68.7      69.0      68.6      68.9      68.8      68.5 
      Employed.................................   20,656    20,470    20,327    20,554    20,420    20,435    20,452    20,531    20,268 
        Employment-population ratio............     65.1      63.2      62.6      64.8      63.6      63.5      63.4      63.4      62.4 
      Unemployed...............................    1,155     1,691     1,863     1,224     1,711     1,636     1,774     1,727     1,967 
        Unemployment rate......................      5.3       7.6       8.4       5.6       7.7       7.4       8.0       7.8       8.8 
    Not in labor force.........................    9,903    10,209    10,275     9,936     9,956    10,108    10,048    10,111    10,229 
                                                                                                                                         
             Men, 20 years and over                                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force.......................   12,509    12,773    12,787      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     84.5      84.7      84.6      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................   11,937    11,892    11,838      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     80.6      78.9      78.3      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      571       881       949      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................      4.6       6.9       7.4      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
                                                                                                                                         
            Women, 20 years and over                                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force.......................    8,205     8,298     8,332      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     58.9      58.3      58.4      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................    7,811     7,760     7,721      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     56.1      54.6      54.1      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      394       538       611      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................      4.8       6.5       7.3      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
                                                                                                                                         
           Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force.......................    1,098     1,089     1,071      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Participation rate.....................     36.8      35.5      34.8      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Employed.................................      907       818       768      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Employment-population ratio............     30.4      26.7      24.9      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
      Unemployed...............................      190       271       303      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  
        Unemployment rate......................     17.3      24.9      28.3      (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)       (2)  

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and
  seasonally adjusted columns.
    2 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.  Updated population controls are introduced
  annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-4.  Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
             Educational attainment                                                                                                      
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
         Less than a high school diploma                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   11,895    12,177    12,137    12,133    12,178    12,168    12,197    12,161    12,391 
      Participation rate.......................     46.4      47.1      47.4      47.3      45.9      47.8      47.5      47.0      48.3 
    Employed...................................   11,116    11,081    11,007    11,238    11,117    11,135    11,022    10,992    11,118 
      Employment-population ratio..............     43.3      42.9      42.9      43.8      41.9      43.7      42.9      42.5      43.4 
    Unemployed.................................      779     1,097     1,130       895     1,061     1,033     1,175     1,169     1,273 
      Unemployment rate........................      6.5       9.0       9.3       7.4       8.7       8.5       9.6       9.6      10.3 
                                                                                                                                         
      High school graduates, no college (1)                                                                                              
  Civilian labor force.........................   38,654    38,415    38,571    38,625    38,170    38,872    38,373    38,313    38,467 
      Participation rate.......................     62.9      62.6      62.8      62.8      62.8      63.5      62.9      62.5      62.6 
    Employed...................................   37,031    36,197    36,314    36,838    36,233    36,854    36,191    35,908    36,028 
      Employment-population ratio..............     60.2      59.0      59.1      59.9      59.6      60.2      59.3      58.6      58.7 
    Unemployed.................................    1,623     2,218     2,257     1,787     1,937     2,018     2,182     2,405     2,439 
      Unemployment rate........................      4.2       5.8       5.9       4.6       5.1       5.2       5.7       6.3       6.3 
                                                                                                                                         
        Some college or associate degree                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   36,715    37,054    37,065    36,218    36,824    36,444    36,685    36,991    36,723 
      Participation rate.......................     72.2      72.0      72.0      71.2      71.9      71.1      71.5      71.9      71.3 
    Employed...................................   35,502    35,253    35,208    34,939    35,264    34,813    34,912    35,129    34,797 
      Employment-population ratio..............     69.8      68.5      68.4      68.7      68.9      67.9      68.0      68.3      67.6 
    Unemployed.................................    1,213     1,802     1,857     1,279     1,559     1,631     1,774     1,862     1,926 
      Unemployment rate........................      3.3       4.9       5.0       3.5       4.2       4.5       4.8       5.0       5.2 
                                                                                                                                         
        Bachelor's degree and higher (2)                                                                                                 
  Civilian labor force.........................   44,430    45,140    45,639    44,200    44,993    45,071    45,422    45,200    45,540 
      Participation rate.......................     77.6      77.6      78.0      77.2      78.1      77.2      77.5      77.7      77.8 
    Employed...................................   43,530    43,961    44,257    43,261    43,964    43,993    44,182    44,072    44,129 
      Employment-population ratio..............     76.1      75.5      75.6      75.6      76.3      75.3      75.4      75.7      75.4 
    Unemployed.................................      900     1,178     1,382       939     1,029     1,078     1,240     1,128     1,411 
      Unemployment rate........................      2.0       2.6       3.0       2.1       2.3       2.4       2.7       2.5       3.1 

    1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
    2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-5.  Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                    Category                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                 CLASS OF WORKER                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
  Agriculture and related industries...........    2,130     2,276     2,203     2,089     2,137     2,123     2,142     2,189     2,167 
    Wage and salary workers....................    1,200     1,415     1,328     1,195     1,244     1,258     1,289     1,331     1,321 
    Self-employed workers......................      914       834       853       878       840       844       817       820       823 
    Unpaid family workers......................       17        28        23     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
                                                                                                                                         
  Nonagricultural industries...................  144,612   143,034   143,340   143,933   143,650   143,589   143,284   143,064   142,773 
    Wage and salary workers....................  135,119   133,660   134,388   134,533   134,132   133,951   133,822   133,725   133,808 
      Government...............................   21,096    21,204    21,720    20,907    21,186    21,098    21,259    21,168    21,510 
      Private industries.......................  114,023   112,456   112,668   113,641   113,001   112,956   112,607   112,588   112,301 
        Private households.....................      760       820       840     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
        Other industries.......................  113,263   111,636   111,828   112,850   112,155   112,157   111,851   111,778   111,431 
    Self-employed workers......................    9,379     9,293     8,882     9,274     9,430     9,518     9,381     9,228     8,844 
    Unpaid family workers......................      115        81        69     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
                                                                                                                                         
          PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                         
  All industries:                                                                                                                        
    Part time for economic reasons.............    4,028     5,701     6,267     4,401     5,416     5,724     5,718     6,055     6,700 
      Slack work or business conditions........    2,612     3,983     4,548     2,788     3,816     4,194     4,112     4,232     4,733 
      Could only find part-time work...........    1,180     1,467     1,466     1,215     1,336     1,286     1,362     1,516     1,491 
    Part time for noneconomic reasons..........   19,956    19,582    19,541    19,337    19,496    19,406    19,712    19,371    19,147 
                                                                                                                                         
  Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                                            
    Part time for economic reasons.............    3,930     5,621     6,157     4,302     5,308     5,599     5,641     5,941     6,485 
      Slack work or business conditions........    2,549     3,919     4,460     2,745     3,744     4,156     4,032     4,121     4,690 
      Could only find part-time work...........    1,171     1,465     1,457     1,207     1,328     1,277     1,350     1,537     1,481 
    Part time for noneconomic reasons..........   19,634    19,242    19,197    19,157    19,106    19,051    19,281    19,033    18,889 

    1 Data not available.
    2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as
  vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.  Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked
  only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
    NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-6.  Selected employment indicators

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                 Characteristic                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                   AGE AND SEX                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
  Total, 16 years and over.....................  146,743   145,310   145,543   146,016   145,891   145,819   145,477   145,255   144,958 
    16 to 19 years.............................    5,749     5,317     5,239     5,914     5,655     5,558     5,563     5,552     5,427 
      16 to 17 years...........................    2,286     2,007     1,930     2,324     1,966     1,974     1,988     2,029     1,959 
      18 to 19 years...........................    3,463     3,311     3,309     3,600     3,678     3,619     3,570     3,546     3,482 
    20 years and over..........................  140,994   139,993   140,303   140,101   140,236   140,261   139,914   139,703   139,531 
      20 to 24 years...........................   13,815    13,501    13,517    13,821    13,720    13,724    13,683    13,637    13,538 
      25 years and over........................  127,179   126,492   126,786   126,293   126,565   126,611   126,281   126,093   125,944 
        25 to 54 years.........................  100,956    99,534    99,467   100,332    99,813    99,733    99,345    99,236    98,895 
          25 to 34 years.......................   31,873    31,491    31,369    31,612    31,488    31,468    31,467    31,397    31,140 
          35 to 44 years.......................   34,272    33,397    33,355    34,116    33,692    33,613    33,287    33,300    33,216 
          45 to 54 years.......................   34,811    34,646    34,743    34,605    34,634    34,651    34,591    34,540    34,538 
        55 years and over......................   26,223    26,958    27,319    25,960    26,751    26,879    26,936    26,856    27,048 
                                                                                                                                         
  Men, 16 years and over.......................   78,578    77,501    77,428    78,177    77,794    77,823    77,632    77,396    77,108 
    16 to 19 years.............................    2,826     2,657     2,563     2,903     2,795     2,729     2,766     2,764     2,667 
      16 to 17 years...........................    1,095       945       881     1,118       938       931       947       960       909 
      18 to 19 years...........................    1,730     1,712     1,683     1,788     1,879     1,799     1,831     1,811     1,758 
    20 years and over..........................   75,753    74,844    74,865    75,274    74,998    75,094    74,866    74,631    74,441 
      20 to 24 years...........................    7,308     7,114     6,954     7,306     7,202     7,179     7,165     7,173     6,975 
      25 years and over........................   68,445    67,731    67,911    67,985    67,832    67,952    67,758    67,449    67,463 
        25 to 54 years.........................   54,574    53,424    53,470    54,258    53,605    53,643    53,480    53,222    53,167 
          25 to 34 years.......................   17,587    17,243    17,213    17,442    17,298    17,245    17,221    17,138    17,086 
          35 to 44 years.......................   18,620    18,096    18,073    18,536    18,133    18,122    18,092    18,030    17,993 
          45 to 54 years.......................   18,367    18,085    18,184    18,280    18,174    18,276    18,167    18,054    18,088 
        55 years and over......................   13,871    14,307    14,441    13,727    14,227    14,309    14,278    14,227    14,297 
                                                                                                                                         
  Women, 16 years and over.....................   68,165    67,809    68,115    67,838    68,097    67,996    67,845    67,860    67,850 
    16 to 19 years.............................    2,923     2,660     2,676     3,011     2,859     2,829     2,798     2,787     2,759 
      16 to 17 years...........................    1,190     1,061     1,050     1,206     1,028     1,043     1,041     1,068     1,050 
      18 to 19 years...........................    1,733     1,599     1,626     1,813     1,799     1,820     1,739     1,735     1,725 
    20 years and over..........................   65,241    65,149    65,439    64,827    65,238    65,167    65,047    65,072    65,090 
      20 to 24 years...........................    6,507     6,387     6,563     6,515     6,518     6,544     6,518     6,464     6,563 
      25 years and over........................   58,734    58,762    58,876    58,307    58,733    58,660    58,523    58,643    58,480 
        25 to 54 years.........................   46,382    46,110    45,998    46,074    46,208    46,090    45,865    46,014    45,728 
          25 to 34 years.......................   14,286    14,248    14,157    14,169    14,190    14,224    14,246    14,259    14,054 
          35 to 44 years.......................   15,652    15,301    15,281    15,581    15,559    15,491    15,195    15,269    15,223 
          45 to 54 years.......................   16,445    16,561    16,559    16,324    16,459    16,376    16,424    16,486    16,451 
        55 years and over......................   12,352    12,652    12,878    12,233    12,525    12,570    12,658    12,629    12,752 
                                                                                                                                         
                 MARITAL STATUS                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
  Married men, spouse present..................   46,309    45,953    45,947    46,189    45,911    46,120    45,829    45,958    45,870 
  Married women, spouse present................   35,828    35,955    35,831    35,449    36,270    36,185    36,055    35,913    35,633 
  Women who maintain families..................    9,429     9,312     9,431     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
                                                                                                                                         
            FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Full-time workers (2)........................  122,006   120,213   120,020   121,561   120,542   120,537   119,908   119,928   119,596 
  Part-time workers (3)........................   24,736    25,097    25,523    24,472    25,419    25,431    25,649    25,366    25,355 
                                                                                                                                         
               MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Total multiple jobholders....................    7,852     7,724     7,817     7,579     7,794     7,757     8,055     7,657     7,593 
      Percent of total employed................      5.4       5.3       5.4       5.2       5.3       5.3       5.5       5.3       5.2 

    1 Data not available.
    2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
    3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
    NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-7.  Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                          Number of                                                                      
                                                      unemployed persons                         Unemployment rates (1)                  
                                                        (in thousands)                                                                   
                 Characteristic                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                   AGE AND SEX                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
  Total, 16 years and over.....................    7,291     9,477    10,080      4.8       5.5       5.7       6.1       6.1       6.5  
    16 to 19 years.............................    1,105     1,313     1,404     15.7      18.1      20.3      18.9      19.1      20.6  
      16 to 17 years...........................      494       559       583     17.5      23.3      24.9      22.1      21.6      22.9  
      18 to 19 years...........................      600       759       779     14.3      15.6      17.3      17.1      17.6      18.3  
    20 years and over..........................    6,185     8,164     8,676      4.2       4.9       5.0       5.5       5.5       5.9  
      20 to 24 years...........................    1,293     1,605     1,608      8.6      10.1      10.2      10.5      10.5      10.6  
      25 years and over........................    4,854     6,630     7,042      3.7       4.3       4.4       4.9       5.0       5.3  
        25 to 54 years.........................    4,011     5,465     5,712      3.8       4.5       4.6       5.1       5.2       5.5  
          25 to 34 years.......................    1,578     2,055     2,219      4.8       5.4       5.6       6.2       6.1       6.7  
          35 to 44 years.......................    1,231     1,816     1,865      3.5       4.4       4.6       4.9       5.2       5.3  
          45 to 54 years.......................    1,202     1,593     1,629      3.4       3.8       3.7       4.2       4.4       4.5  
        55 years and over......................      841     1,162     1,276      3.1       3.3       3.6       4.1       4.1       4.5  
                                                                                                                                         
  Men, 16 years and over.......................    4,032     5,549     5,875      4.9       5.7       6.1       6.3       6.7       7.1  
    16 to 19 years.............................      643       737       865     18.1      19.9      23.4      20.7      21.0      24.5  
      16 to 17 years...........................      263       287       335     19.0      26.2      29.4      24.0      23.0      26.9  
      18 to 19 years...........................      362       457       485     16.8      17.1      19.9      18.6      20.1      21.6  
    20 years and over..........................    3,389     4,813     5,010      4.3       5.1       5.3       5.6       6.1       6.3  
      20 to 24 years...........................      749       933     1,026      9.3      11.2      11.6      11.5      11.5      12.8  
      25 years and over........................    2,588     3,917     3,915      3.7       4.3       4.6       5.0       5.5       5.5  
        25 to 54 years.........................    2,143     3,259     3,218      3.8       4.6       4.9       5.2       5.8       5.7  
          25 to 34 years.......................      898     1,251     1,271      4.9       5.4       6.1       6.4       6.8       6.9  
          35 to 44 years.......................      645     1,070     1,049      3.4       4.5       4.9       4.9       5.6       5.5  
          45 to 54 years.......................      601       939       898      3.2       3.8       3.8       4.3       4.9       4.7  
        55 years and over......................      445       658       697      3.1       3.4       3.7       4.2       4.4       4.6  
                                                                                                                                         
  Women, 16 years and over.....................    3,258     3,928     4,205      4.6       5.2       5.2       5.8       5.5       5.8  
    16 to 19 years.............................      462       576       539     13.3      16.3      17.1      17.1      17.1      16.3  
      16 to 17 years...........................      231       272       247     16.1      20.3      20.4      20.2      20.3      19.1  
      18 to 19 years...........................      238       302       294     11.6      13.9      14.6      15.6      14.8      14.6  
    20 years and over..........................    2,796     3,351     3,666      4.1       4.7       4.6       5.3       4.9       5.3  
      20 to 24 years...........................      544       672       582      7.7       8.8       8.7       9.4       9.4       8.1  
      25 years and over........................    2,266     2,713     3,127      3.7       4.2       4.2       4.8       4.4       5.1  
        25 to 54 years.........................    1,868     2,205     2,494      3.9       4.4       4.3       5.0       4.6       5.2  
          25 to 34 years.......................      680       805       948      4.6       5.4       5.0       6.0       5.3       6.3  
          35 to 44 years.......................      586       746       816      3.6       4.2       4.3       5.0       4.7       5.1  
          45 to 54 years.......................      602       655       731      3.6       3.7       3.7       4.2       3.8       4.3  
        55 years and over (2)..................      385       516       579      3.0       3.4       4.3       4.5       3.9       4.3  
                                                                                                                                         
                 MARITAL STATUS                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                         
  Married men, spouse present..................    1,219     1,826     1,948      2.6       3.0       3.2       3.5       3.8       4.1  
  Married women, spouse present................    1,073     1,285     1,550      2.9       3.3       3.3       3.7       3.5       4.2  
  Women who maintain families (2)..............      631       830       906      6.3       7.9       8.5       9.6       8.2       8.8  
                                                                                                                                         
            FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
  Full-time workers (3)........................    6,012     7,980     8,582      4.7       5.5       5.7       6.2       6.2       6.7  
  Part-time workers (4)........................    1,276     1,577     1,525      5.0       5.4       5.5       5.7       5.9       5.7  

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
    2 Not seasonally adjusted.
    3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff
  from full-time jobs.
    4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on
  layoff from part-time jobs.
    NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
  seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                           HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-8.  Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                         
                     Reason                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                         
                                                   Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                   2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
              NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                   
   temporary jobs..............................    3,259     4,699     5,138     3,731     4,370     4,407     4,824     5,171     5,719 
    On temporary layoff........................      737       904       938     1,064     1,077     1,037     1,266     1,407     1,340 
    Not on temporary layoff....................    2,523     3,795     4,199     2,668     3,292     3,370     3,559     3,764     4,379 
      Permanent job losers.....................    1,802     2,814     3,243     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
      Persons who completed temporary jobs.....      721       980       956     (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)       (1)   
  Job leavers..................................      804     1,075       965       790       833       861       999       974       940 
  Reentrants...................................    2,047     2,624     2,582     2,103     2,498     2,705     2,652     2,555     2,623 
  New entrants.................................      662       801       783       709       748       811       820       822       828 
                                                                                                                                         
              PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
  Total unemployed.............................    100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0 
   Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                  
    temporary jobs.............................     48.1      51.1      54.3      50.9      51.7      50.2      51.9      54.3      56.6 
     On temporary layoff.......................     10.9       9.8       9.9      14.5      12.7      11.8      13.6      14.8      13.3 
     Not on temporary layoff...................     37.3      41.3      44.3      36.4      39.0      38.4      38.3      39.5      43.3 
   Job leavers.................................     11.9      11.7      10.2      10.8       9.9       9.8      10.7      10.2       9.3 
   Reentrants..................................     30.2      28.5      27.3      28.7      29.6      30.8      28.5      26.8      25.9 
   New entrants................................      9.8       8.7       8.3       9.7       8.9       9.2       8.8       8.6       8.2 
                                                                                                                                         
         UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE                                                                                                  
                 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                         
   Job losers and persons who completed                                                                                                  
    temporary jobs.............................      2.1       3.0       3.3       2.4       2.8       2.9       3.1       3.3       3.7 
   Job leavers.................................       .5        .7        .6        .5        .5        .6        .6        .6        .6 
   Reentrants..................................      1.3       1.7       1.7       1.4       1.6       1.7       1.7       1.7       1.7 
   New entrants................................       .4        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5        .5 

    1 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-9.  Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                             Not seasonally adjusted                        Seasonally adjusted                    
                                                                                                                                                   
                         Duration                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                             Oct.     Sept.      Oct.      Oct.      June      July      Aug.     Sept.      Oct.  
                                                             2007     2008       2008      2007      2008      2008      2008     2008       2008  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                   NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Less than 5 weeks......................................    2,371     2,851     2,924     2,508     2,712     2,835     3,235     2,853     3,065 
  5 to 14 weeks..........................................    2,204     2,840     2,708     2,454     2,999     2,823     2,821     3,051     3,003 
  15 weeks and over......................................    2,198     3,508     3,837     2,367     2,916     3,118     3,402     3,607     4,062 
     15 to 26 weeks......................................      927     1,491     1,606     1,052     1,328     1,440     1,561     1,598     1,805 
     27 weeks and over...................................    1,271     2,018     2,230     1,315     1,587     1,678     1,841     2,008     2,257 
                                                                                                                                                   
  Average (mean) duration, in weeks......................     17.4      19.1      20.4      17.0      17.5      17.1      17.4      18.4      19.7 
  Median duration, in weeks..............................      8.5      10.3      10.6       8.7      10.0       9.7       9.2      10.2      10.6 
                                                                                                                                                   
                   PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total unemployed.......................................    100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0     100.0 
    Less than 5 weeks....................................     35.0      31.0      30.9      34.2      31.4      32.3      34.2      30.0      30.3 
    5 to 14 weeks........................................     32.5      30.9      28.6      33.5      34.8      32.2      29.8      32.1      29.6 
    15 weeks and over....................................     32.5      38.1      40.5      32.3      33.8      35.5      36.0      37.9      40.1 
      15 to 26 weeks.....................................     13.7      16.2      17.0      14.4      15.4      16.4      16.5      16.8      17.8 
      27 weeks and over..................................     18.8      21.9      23.6      17.9      18.4      19.1      19.5      21.1      22.3 

     NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-10.  Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                               Unemployment        
                                                                     Employed                     Unemployed                      rates            
                                                                                                                                                   
                        Occupation                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                               Oct.           Oct.            Oct.           Oct.            Oct.           Oct.   
                                                               2007           2008            2007           2008            2007           2008   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
       Total, 16 years and over (1)......................     146,743        145,543          6,773          9,469            4.4            6.1   
  Management, professional, and related occupations......      52,127         53,485          1,071          1,647            2.0            3.0   
    Management, business, and financial operations                                                                                                 
     occupations.........................................      21,748         22,422            368            695            1.7            3.0   
    Professional and related occupations.................      30,379         31,063            703            952            2.3            3.0   
  Service occupations....................................      24,178         24,697          1,488          1,812            5.8            6.8   
  Sales and office occupations...........................      35,933         35,369          1,590          2,205            4.2            5.9   
    Sales and related occupations........................      16,297         16,380            813          1,056            4.8            6.1   
    Office and administrative support occupations........      19,636         18,990            777          1,149            3.8            5.7   
  Natural resources, construction, and maintenance                                                                                                 
   occupations...........................................      16,092         14,861            856          1,421            5.1            8.7   
    Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations...........         956            976             46            102            4.6            9.5   
    Construction and extraction occupations..............       9,715          8,644            675          1,037            6.5           10.7   
    Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....       5,422          5,240            135            282            2.4            5.1   
  Production, transportation, and material moving                                                                                                  
   occupations...........................................      18,412         17,131          1,090          1,566            5.6            8.4   
    Production occupations...............................       9,566          8,661            564            844            5.6            8.9   
    Transportation and material moving occupations.......       8,846          8,470            526            722            5.6            7.9   

    1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                   HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-11.  Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                           Number of                                                             
                                                                           unemployed                                 Unemployment               
                                                                            persons                                      rates                   
               Industry and class of worker                              (in thousands)                                                          
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                   Oct.                  Oct.                   Oct.                  Oct.       
                                                                   2007                  2008                   2007                  2008       
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                 
         Total, 16 years and over (1)....................          6,773                 9,469                   4.4                   6.1       
  Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........          5,233                 7,641                   4.4                   6.4       
    Mining...............................................              9                    15                   1.3                   1.7       
    Construction.........................................            641                 1,078                   6.1                  10.8       
    Manufacturing........................................            729                 1,007                   4.3                   6.2       
      Durable goods......................................            431                   616                   4.1                   5.9       
      Nondurable goods...................................            298                   390                   4.8                   6.7       
    Wholesale and retail trade...........................            907                 1,313                   4.4                   6.3       
    Transportation and utilities.........................            218                   316                   3.6                   5.7       
    Information..........................................            120                   168                   3.7                   5.0       
    Financial activities.................................            307                   434                   3.2                   4.5       
    Professional and business services...................            675                 1,052                   4.8                   7.5       
    Education and health services........................            534                   797                   2.7                   3.9       
    Leisure and hospitality..............................            911                 1,126                   7.5                   8.9       
    Other services.......................................            182                   334                   3.0                   5.3       
  Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers             47                    97                   4.0                   7.1       
  Government workers.....................................            492                   552                   2.3                   2.5       
  Self employed and unpaid family workers................            338                   396                   3.1                   3.9       

    1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                            HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-12.  Alternative measures of labor underutilization

  (Percent)
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
                                                            Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted                 
                                                                                                                                          
                          Measure                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                          
                                                            Oct.     Sept.    Oct.     Oct.     June     July     Aug.     Sept.    Oct.  
                                                            2007     2008     2008     2007     2008     2008     2008     2008     2008  
                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                          
  U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent                                                                                 
       of the civilian labor force.......................    1.4      2.3      2.5      1.5      1.9      2.0      2.2      2.3      2.6  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                                      
       jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force....    2.1      3.0      3.3      2.4      2.8      2.9      3.1      3.3      3.7  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian                                                                                      
       labor force (official unemployment rate)..........    4.4      6.0      6.1      4.8      5.5      5.7      6.1      6.1      6.5  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a                                                                                     
       percent of the civilian labor force plus                                                                                           
       discouraged workers...............................    4.6      6.2      6.4      5.0      5.8      6.0      6.3      6.4      6.8  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus                                                                                    
       all other marginally attached workers, as a                                                                                        
       percent of the civilian labor force plus all                                                                                       
       marginally attached workers.......................    5.3      6.9      7.1      5.6      6.4      6.6      7.0      7.1      7.5  
                                                                                                                                          
  U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached                                                                                      
       workers, plus total employed part time for                                                                                         
       economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian                                                                                     
       labor force plus all marginally attached workers..    7.9     10.6     11.1      8.4      9.9     10.3     10.7     11.0     11.8  

     NOTE:  Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
  are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.  Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
  have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job.  Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those
  who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule.  For more information, see "BLS
  introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.  Updated population
  controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-13.  Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                      Total                          Men                          Women            
                                                                                                                                                   
                         Category                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                               Oct.           Oct.           Oct.           Oct.           Oct.           Oct.     
                                                               2007           2008           2007           2008           2007           2008     
                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                   
                  NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total not in the labor force...........................     79,200         79,601         30,443         30,775         48,757         48,826    
   Persons who currently want a job......................      4,131          4,800          1,871          2,146          2,260          2,655    
     Searched for work and available to work now (1).....      1,364          1,637            691            872            673            765    
       Reason not currently looking:                                                                                                               
         Discouragement over job prospects (2)...........        320            484            189            323            131            161    
         Reasons other than discouragement (3)...........      1,044          1,153            502            550            542            603    
                                                                                                                                                   
                    MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                   
  Total multiple jobholders (4)..........................      7,852          7,817          3,933          3,957          3,919          3,859    
      Percent of total employed..........................        5.4            5.4            5.0            5.1            5.7            5.7    
                                                                                                                                                   
      Primary job full time, secondary job part time.....      4,409          4,281          2,422          2,376          1,987          1,905    
      Primary and secondary jobs both part time..........      1,729          1,923            517            659          1,213          1,264    
      Primary and secondary jobs both full time..........        297            288            206            193             92             95    
      Hours vary on primary or secondary job.............      1,377          1,269            765            698            613            572    

    1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week.
    2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
  discrimination.
    3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
  transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
    4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
    NOTE:  Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                                ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1.  Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)


                                         Not seasonally adjusted                    Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                           Change
           Industry                Oct.     Aug.    Sept.    Oct.      Oct.     June     July     Aug.    Sept.    Oct.     from:
                                   2007     2008    2008p    2008p     2007     2008     2008     2008    2008p    2008p  Sept. 2008-
                                                                                                                          Oct. 2008p

          Total nonfarm......... 138,837  137,246  137,353  137,656  137,977  137,617  137,550  137,423  137,139  136,899     -240

        Total private........... 116,208  115,867  115,067  114,828  115,715  115,154  115,048  114,909  114,666  114,403     -263

    Goods-producing.............  22,324   21,790   21,601   21,377   22,101   21,491   21,437   21,367   21,284   21,152     -132

Natural resources and mining....     736      806      807      812      727      768      777      788      796      803        7
   Logging......................    61.7     60.6     61.3     61.5     59.1     57.3     57.7     58.1     58.7     58.7       .0
 Mining.........................   674.3    744.9    745.2    750.7    667.8    710.2    719.4    729.6    737.5    744.0      6.5
  Oil and gas extraction........   148.1    166.9    165.9    165.7    148.9    160.1    162.4    164.1    165.5    165.5       .0
  Mining, except oil and gas(1).   231.2    242.3    239.8    240.0    226.9    230.9    231.3    233.8    234.2    234.9       .7
   Coal mining..................    78.1     83.9     84.4     85.5     78.1     81.3     81.2     83.5     84.4     85.2       .8
  Support activities for mining.   295.0    335.7    339.5    345.0    292.0    319.2    325.7    331.7    337.8    343.6      5.8

Construction....................   7,767    7,465    7,354    7,266    7,577    7,196    7,173    7,153    7,118    7,069      -49
  Construction of buildings..... 1,765.1  1,669.9  1,634.5  1,618.4  1,736.6  1,621.5  1,618.3  1,612.8  1,595.1  1,582.9    -12.2
   Residential building.........   944.0    864.1    844.4    833.3    929.2    845.0    837.6    831.9    821.8    813.7     -8.1
   Nonresidential building......   821.1    805.8    790.1    785.1    807.4    776.5    780.7    780.9    773.3    769.2     -4.1
  Heavy and civil engineering
   construction................. 1,055.7  1,015.6  1,010.3  1,004.0    999.5    959.5    955.5    952.8    950.4    946.1     -4.3
  Specialty trade contractors... 4,946.0  4,779.8  4,708.8  4,643.5  4,841.3  4,615.1  4,598.7  4,587.8  4,572.2  4,540.2    -32.0
   Residential specialty trade
    contractors................. 2,306.9  2,144.2  2,111.8  2,075.1  2,263.2  2,077.2  2,070.0  2,055.6  2,051.6  2,032.8    -18.8
   Nonresidential specialty
    trade contractors........... 2,639.1  2,635.6  2,597.0  2,568.4  2,578.1  2,537.9  2,528.7  2,532.2  2,520.6  2,507.4    -13.2

Manufacturing...................  13,821   13,519   13,440   13,299   13,797   13,527   13,487   13,426   13,370   13,280      -90
   Production workers...........   9,961    9,716    9,644    9,500    9,934    9,738    9,692    9,636    9,581    9,485      -96

 Durable goods..................   8,759    8,522    8,463    8,361    8,761    8,564    8,541    8,482    8,442    8,367      -75
   Production workers...........   6,233    6,013    5,956    5,852    6,232    6,064    6,033    5,980    5,938    5,858      -80

  Wood products.................   511.7    477.9    469.4    457.5    511.8    477.3    473.3    467.6    462.7    456.1     -6.6
  Nonmetallic mineral products..   507.2    486.7    479.1    477.6    500.9    479.3    476.6    475.8    472.1    472.5       .4
  Primary metals................   450.9    444.4    445.1    440.9    451.5    446.8    446.0    443.0    444.6    443.5     -1.1
  Fabricated metal products..... 1,569.5  1,540.3  1,529.4  1,516.0  1,568.0  1,537.1  1,531.8  1,534.3  1,525.7  1,515.1    -10.6
  Machinery..................... 1,186.5  1,194.6  1,185.6  1,182.9  1,189.0  1,194.4  1,196.5  1,193.0  1,189.8  1,187.7     -2.1
  Computer and electronic
   products(1).................. 1,254.9  1,252.2  1,245.9  1,239.7  1,256.5  1,247.1  1,246.1  1,247.4  1,245.4  1,241.2     -4.2
   Computer and peripheral
    equipment...................   185.0    185.1    185.2    185.7    185.1    184.6    185.1    185.4    185.6    185.8       .2
   Communications equipment.....   128.1    130.7    130.8    131.4    128.1    131.8    130.8    131.2    131.4    131.5       .1
   Semiconductors and electronic
    components..................   434.5    425.7    423.1    418.9    435.8    422.1    423.2    423.4    422.4    420.2     -2.2
   Electronic instruments.......   441.2    447.7    444.6    441.8    441.9    444.9    444.1    444.7    444.2    442.5     -1.7
  Electrical equipment and
   appliances...................   425.2    421.6    417.2    415.6    427.2    422.0    422.4    419.4    416.8    416.2      -.6
  Transportation equipment(1)... 1,686.2  1,583.3  1,577.7  1,526.7  1,689.3  1,631.9  1,624.8  1,584.0  1,573.0  1,532.9    -40.1
   Motor vehicles and parts(2)..   969.7    865.6    856.6    834.3    974.1    902.8    902.2    866.2    851.7    842.6     -9.1
  Furniture and related products   527.7    490.7    483.7    471.7    528.3    499.5    495.6    487.4    481.8    471.4    -10.4
  Miscellaneous manufacturing...   638.9    630.1    630.1    632.2    638.2    628.8    627.7    630.1    629.9    630.0       .1

 Nondurable goods...............   5,062    4,997    4,977    4,938    5,036    4,963    4,946    4,944    4,928    4,913      -15
   Production workers...........   3,728    3,703    3,688    3,648    3,702    3,674    3,659    3,656    3,643    3,627      -16

  Food manufacturing............ 1,501.5  1,508.4  1,511.0  1,499.0  1,478.6  1,472.4  1,469.8  1,474.0  1,475.3  1,477.2      1.9
  Beverages and tobacco products   197.8    197.0    197.2    194.2    195.2    192.5    192.2    191.3    191.2    189.8     -1.4
  Textile mills.................   165.2    150.5    149.3    147.5    164.9    152.2    149.9    150.6    149.2    147.9     -1.3
  Textile product mills.........   156.1    147.4    147.9    147.7    155.9    149.3    148.7    147.9    148.3    147.8      -.5
  Apparel.......................   207.0    197.8    196.4    189.9    206.8    196.4    195.9    196.1    193.4    189.4     -4.0
  Leather and allied products...    34.0     35.1     35.5     35.3     33.7     34.6     33.9     35.1     35.1     35.0      -.1
  Paper and paper products......   458.5    454.2    449.9    451.3    459.2    456.6    454.9    453.4    451.0    451.7       .7
  Printing and related support
   activities...................   622.5    599.6    595.6    591.9    622.2    601.9    598.9    599.2    595.3    591.4     -3.9
  Petroleum and coal products...   113.9    117.3    116.2    114.7    112.6    113.8    114.6    114.1    113.8    113.5      -.3
  Chemicals.....................   858.5    859.3    851.8    850.6    860.7    859.8    857.1    855.4    852.6    852.9       .3
  Plastics and rubber products..   746.5    730.8    726.2    716.3    745.9    733.9    730.2    726.4    722.8    716.7     -6.1

    Service-providing........... 116,513  115,456  115,752  116,279  115,876  116,126  116,113  116,056  115,855  115,747     -108

     Private service-providing..  93,884   94,077   93,466   93,451   93,614   93,663   93,611   93,542   93,382   93,251     -131

Trade, transportation, and
 utilities......................  26,690   26,331   26,204   26,246   26,644   26,431   26,393   26,346   26,278   26,211      -67

 Wholesale trade................ 6,077.0  6,025.4  6,007.8  5,989.4  6,069.8  6,034.6  6,017.6  6,007.1  6,005.2  5,983.7    -21.5
  Durable goods................. 3,147.8  3,094.9  3,081.5  3,065.0  3,147.4  3,103.6  3,094.3  3,084.9  3,082.2  3,064.1    -18.1
  Nondurable goods.............. 2,093.6  2,083.0  2,076.3  2,077.2  2,086.5  2,088.4  2,078.4  2,075.2  2,071.7  2,070.0     -1.7
  Electronic markets and agents
   and brokers..................   835.6    847.5    850.0    847.2    835.9    842.6    844.9    847.0    851.3    849.6     -1.7

 Retail trade...................15,469.3 15,274.7 15,125.2 15,191.1 15,469.1 15,324.2 15,302.4 15,274.7 15,229.9 15,191.8    -38.1
  Motor vehicle and parts
   dealers(1)................... 1,918.3  1,871.1  1,855.1  1,824.6  1,911.9  1,883.3  1,870.6  1,853.2  1,842.0  1,820.6    -21.4
   Automobile dealers........... 1,250.8  1,197.5  1,187.2  1,162.9  1,247.4  1,215.2  1,204.3  1,189.6  1,180.3  1,160.0    -20.3
  Furniture and home furnishings
   stores.......................   579.5    560.8    555.6    559.9    577.3    568.9    569.2    566.4    563.5    560.3     -3.2
  Electronics and appliance
   stores.......................   538.3    527.5    524.1    533.6    537.1    534.9    535.2    535.3    532.6    532.4      -.2
  Building material and garden
   supply stores................ 1,272.9  1,256.1  1,231.5  1,226.3  1,285.4  1,238.2  1,230.1  1,237.0  1,237.3  1,235.0     -2.3
  Food and beverage stores...... 2,863.6  2,879.0  2,855.3  2,860.6  2,859.6  2,879.2  2,879.5  2,871.5  2,863.8  2,870.0      6.2
  Health and personal care
   stores.......................   989.8    983.7    981.2    981.7    991.0    990.4    990.0    985.1    985.5    983.6     -1.9
  Gasoline stations.............   862.5    851.4    838.9    835.7    862.0    844.4    841.3    839.8    833.9    835.6      1.7
  Clothing and clothing
   accessories stores........... 1,491.7  1,517.8  1,464.0  1,482.3  1,500.9  1,494.8  1,494.8  1,495.8  1,494.1  1,493.4      -.7
  Sporting goods, hobby, book,
   and music stores.............   662.4    648.8    652.9    667.6    664.0    654.5    649.3    659.5    660.5    664.6      4.1
  General merchandise stores(1). 2,967.5  2,904.7  2,881.3  2,913.7  2,975.8  2,939.6  2,948.4  2,941.1  2,926.9  2,908.4    -18.5
   Department stores............ 1,563.0  1,474.3  1,459.1  1,481.7  1,568.5  1,516.3  1,517.2  1,507.0  1,493.8  1,475.8    -18.0
  Miscellaneous store retailers.   874.6    853.2    856.0    863.2    869.0    858.9    857.4    856.4    856.6    857.0       .4
  Nonstore retailers............   448.2    420.6    429.3    441.9    435.1    437.1    436.6    433.6    433.2    430.9     -2.3

 Transportation and warehousing. 4,588.1  4,468.6  4,510.9  4,502.7  4,548.7  4,514.0  4,513.6  4,505.1  4,481.1  4,471.9     -9.2
  Air transportation............   496.9    494.4    487.9    482.5    495.2    497.6    495.2    490.9    486.3    483.8     -2.5
  Rail transportation...........   233.9    232.5    233.0    233.0    234.0    230.0    232.1    230.6    232.2    232.2       .0
  Water transportation..........    65.0     64.0     61.7     60.4     64.9     61.8     61.9     60.7     60.1     59.7      -.4
  Truck transportation.......... 1,449.7  1,420.2  1,408.1  1,400.9  1,433.6  1,400.1  1,398.3  1,400.1  1,390.5  1,385.9     -4.6
  Transit and ground passenger
   transportation...............   432.0    351.2    417.8    424.9    417.4    416.4    417.1    416.5    409.2    410.2      1.0
  Pipeline transportation.......    40.3     43.2     43.1     43.3     40.3     42.8     43.3     43.0     43.4     43.8       .4
  Scenic and sightseeing
   transportation...............    30.8     38.9     35.0     31.9     30.3     31.3     30.6     30.9     31.0     31.8       .8
  Support activities for
   transportation...............   590.3    591.2    590.0    592.9    589.9    587.0    590.3    590.8    590.3    590.4       .1
  Couriers and messengers.......   577.2    576.5    577.4    574.8    577.9    587.7    586.5    585.8    583.6    582.1     -1.5
  Warehousing and storage.......   672.0    656.5    656.9    658.1    665.2    659.3    658.3    655.8    654.5    652.0     -2.5

 Utilities......................   555.5    562.2    560.5    563.0    556.1    558.1    559.8    559.2    561.4    563.2      1.8

Information.....................   3,015    2,987    2,967    2,967    3,027    2,997    2,988    2,984    2,981    2,981        0
  Publishing industries, except
   Internet.....................   893.4    871.3    865.7    865.9    894.6    877.0    873.0    870.4    868.7    867.2     -1.5
  Motion picture and sound
   recording industries.........   372.4    383.5    375.1    376.5    380.5    382.0    379.1    379.4    381.3    386.3      5.0
  Broadcasting, except Internet.   325.1    319.1    318.0    319.3    324.8    319.6    320.4    318.4    317.6    319.5      1.9
  Telecommunications............ 1,022.5  1,015.1  1,010.9  1,004.6  1,023.6  1,018.9  1,016.1  1,016.0  1,014.1  1,007.3     -6.8
  Data processing, hosting and
   related services.............   271.9    266.2    265.9    267.3    273.2    269.8    268.3    268.0    267.9    267.8      -.1
  Other information services....   129.4    132.1    131.0    132.9    130.0    130.0    130.8    131.7    131.8    132.9      1.1

Financial activities............   8,270    8,257    8,176    8,143    8,283    8,213    8,206    8,196    8,180    8,156      -24
 Finance and insurance.......... 6,115.8  6,086.7  6,048.2  6,037.6  6,124.5  6,088.0  6,081.1  6,075.1  6,064.7  6,050.2    -14.5
  Monetary authorities - central
   bank.........................    20.7     21.0     20.8     20.1     20.8     20.9     20.9     20.8     20.8     20.4      -.4
  Credit intermediation and
   related activities(1)........ 2,836.4  2,789.0  2,776.4  2,766.5  2,844.8  2,794.0  2,788.6  2,784.7  2,788.0  2,776.4    -11.6
   Depository credit
    intermediation(1)........... 1,823.7  1,820.5  1,805.4  1,805.0  1,829.3  1,818.1  1,815.3  1,813.2  1,810.8  1,808.0     -2.8
    Commercial banking.......... 1,345.8  1,344.8  1,333.9  1,333.7  1,350.1  1,343.1  1,340.9  1,339.4  1,338.4  1,336.9     -1.5
  Securities, commodity
   contracts, investments.......   855.9    864.8    851.4    847.6    855.0    866.0    860.6    860.9    851.6    846.0     -5.6
  Insurance carriers and related
   activities................... 2,314.6  2,323.4  2,311.2  2,314.9  2,315.3  2,319.2  2,323.2  2,320.3  2,316.0  2,318.5      2.5
  Funds, trusts, and other
   financial vehicles...........    88.2     88.5     88.4     88.5     88.6     87.9     87.8     88.4     88.3     88.9       .6
 Real estate and rental and
  leasing....................... 2,154.3  2,169.9  2,127.6  2,105.3  2,158.6  2,125.1  2,125.3  2,121.3  2,115.3  2,106.2     -9.1
  Real estate................... 1,486.8  1,498.1  1,468.0  1,460.7  1,489.1  1,466.2  1,463.7  1,465.6  1,461.7  1,459.7     -2.0
  Rental and leasing services...   637.8    639.6    627.2    613.0    639.7    627.2    629.3    623.8    621.5    614.7     -6.8
  Lessors of nonfinancial
   intangible assets............    29.7     32.2     32.4     31.6     29.8     31.7     32.3     31.9     32.1     31.8      -.3

Professional and business
 services.......................  18,232   18,022   17,932   17,912   18,070   17,927   17,904   17,854   17,815   17,770      -45
 Professional and technical
  services(1)................... 7,718.6  7,818.1  7,783.3  7,823.0  7,759.3  7,850.3  7,855.4  7,859.5  7,865.4  7,877.9     12.5
   Legal services............... 1,177.8  1,170.4  1,156.9  1,163.1  1,179.7  1,171.3  1,168.8  1,166.6  1,165.0  1,163.9     -1.1
   Accounting and bookkeeping
    services....................   902.7    894.0    898.1    902.1    971.3    978.0    976.3    977.7    976.3    977.4      1.1
   Architectural and engineering
    services.................... 1,459.7  1,486.2  1,463.5  1,464.2  1,451.1  1,466.2  1,466.0  1,464.2  1,458.1  1,457.7      -.4
   Computer systems design and
    related services............ 1,383.5  1,426.3  1,425.8  1,437.9  1,380.0  1,411.7  1,419.7  1,424.5  1,429.0  1,434.5      5.5
   Management and technical
    consulting services.........   981.4  1,025.7  1,031.3  1,031.2    974.8  1,014.6  1,019.0  1,019.8  1,028.2  1,028.5       .3
 Management of companies and
  enterprises................... 1,850.6  1,841.3  1,824.5  1,826.4  1,860.9  1,837.8  1,830.2  1,832.1  1,828.3  1,827.8      -.5
 Administrative and waste
  services...................... 8,662.3  8,362.3  8,323.8  8,262.8  8,449.6  8,239.2  8,218.1  8,162.7  8,121.1  8,064.3    -56.8
  Administrative and support
   services(1).................. 8,303.7  7,987.0  7,953.5  7,888.7  8,092.2  7,873.5  7,852.3  7,793.5  7,752.1  7,692.4    -59.7
   Employment services(1)....... 3,723.9  3,374.7  3,379.5  3,336.1  3,567.7  3,363.3  3,339.9  3,285.8  3,250.9  3,200.1    -50.8
    Temporary help services..... 2,718.8  2,416.6  2,431.3  2,394.9  2,592.0  2,415.3  2,391.6  2,353.5  2,325.3  2,291.7    -33.6
   Business support services....   801.2    775.2    777.9    792.5    798.5    785.2    786.2    785.6    786.2    787.2      1.0
   Services to buildings and
    dwellings................... 1,911.1  1,969.2  1,928.9  1,897.5  1,866.3  1,867.4  1,864.4  1,861.8  1,858.3  1,853.1     -5.2
  Waste management and
   remediation services.........   358.6    375.3    370.3    374.1    357.4    365.7    365.8    369.2    369.0    371.9      2.9

Education and health services...  18,669   18,658   18,911   19,200   18,490   18,891   18,935   18,997   18,981   19,002       21
 Educational services........... 3,143.4  2,791.7  3,035.1  3,238.3  2,974.9  3,099.2  3,111.6  3,126.6  3,079.5  3,068.3    -11.2
 Health care and social
  assistance....................15,525.4 15,866.3 15,876.1 15,961.4 15,515.1 15,791.3 15,823.3 15,870.8 15,901.9 15,933.8     31.9
  Health care(3)................13,066.9 13,404.2 13,377.0 13,430.0 13,060.1 13,298.3 13,333.1 13,363.4 13,381.9 13,407.9     26.0
   Ambulatory health care
    services(1)................. 5,550.3  5,716.4  5,713.1  5,747.0  5,547.3  5,667.7  5,693.2  5,703.8  5,718.0  5,729.8     11.8
    Offices of physicians....... 2,228.1  2,285.6  2,285.9  2,302.7  2,226.1  2,273.1  2,281.1  2,282.7  2,288.8  2,294.8      6.0
    Outpatient care centers.....   511.0    522.5    516.5    520.6    511.4    516.7    520.3    522.2    518.6    521.5      2.9
    Home health care services...   931.1    967.4    969.0    976.4    930.3    954.5    960.8    963.4    967.1    969.5      2.4
   Hospitals.................... 4,552.0  4,684.8  4,678.9  4,689.7  4,549.7  4,642.9  4,653.5  4,669.1  4,676.4  4,686.5     10.1
   Nursing and residential care
    facilities(1)............... 2,964.6  3,003.0  2,985.0  2,993.3  2,963.1  2,987.7  2,986.4  2,990.5  2,987.5  2,991.6      4.1
    Nursing care facilities..... 1,605.7  1,612.0  1,603.1  1,607.5  1,603.1  1,608.9  1,606.5  1,607.4  1,602.8  1,605.7      2.9
  Social assistance(1).......... 2,458.5  2,462.1  2,499.1  2,531.4  2,455.0  2,493.0  2,490.2  2,507.4  2,520.0  2,525.9      5.9
   Child day care services......   863.1    806.4    855.9    874.0    853.3    848.8    842.2    850.5    860.1    860.0      -.1

Leisure and hospitality.........  13,530   14,256   13,765   13,475   13,604   13,679   13,655   13,639   13,618   13,602      -16
 Arts, entertainment, and
  recreation.................... 1,956.7  2,265.3  2,046.9  1,945.4  1,996.4  2,011.7  1,999.5  2,004.0  1,997.8  2,001.8      4.0
  Performing arts and spectator
   sports.......................   425.1    464.2    435.5    418.8    419.0    438.0    433.1    432.9    427.5    429.2      1.7
  Museums, historical sites,
   zoos, and parks..............   133.3    143.0    132.5    129.9    131.9    132.7    132.1    131.7    130.2    129.4      -.8
  Amusements, gambling, and
   recreation................... 1,398.3  1,658.1  1,478.9  1,396.7  1,445.5  1,441.0  1,434.3  1,439.4  1,440.1  1,443.2      3.1
 Accommodation and food services11,573.2 11,990.2 11,717.9 11,529.2 11,607.5 11,667.4 11,655.6 11,634.6 11,619.7 11,600.3    -19.4
  Accommodation................. 1,845.8  1,956.7  1,856.6  1,796.3  1,863.6  1,843.4  1,835.8  1,824.9  1,820.2  1,812.1     -8.1
  Food services and drinking
   places....................... 9,727.4 10,033.5  9,861.3  9,732.9  9,743.9  9,824.0  9,819.8  9,809.7  9,799.5  9,788.2    -11.3

Other services..................   5,478    5,566    5,511    5,508    5,496    5,525    5,530    5,526    5,529    5,529        0
  Repair and maintenance........ 1,257.4  1,237.5  1,236.5  1,227.4  1,260.1  1,245.6  1,243.8  1,233.9  1,235.1  1,232.3     -2.8
  Personal and laundry services. 1,297.3  1,325.5  1,319.6  1,316.2  1,303.4  1,312.8  1,315.1  1,318.5  1,320.2  1,319.6      -.6
  Membership associations and
   organizations................ 2,922.8  3,002.8  2,954.5  2,963.9  2,932.8  2,966.5  2,970.8  2,973.6  2,974.1  2,976.6      2.5

Government......................  22,629   21,379   22,286   22,828   22,262   22,463   22,502   22,514   22,473   22,496       23
 Federal........................   2,722    2,767    2,756    2,761    2,722    2,744    2,750    2,748    2,750    2,756        6
  Federal, except U.S. Postal
   Service...................... 1,964.5  2,047.1  2,038.8  2,037.4  1,963.5  2,013.1  2,018.6  2,025.2  2,031.4  2,038.8      7.4
  U.S. Postal Service...........   757.8    719.4    717.4    723.3    758.3    731.0    731.5    722.4    718.7    716.7     -2.0
 State government...............   5,280    4,958    5,202    5,335    5,138    5,179    5,193    5,210    5,197    5,193       -4
  State government education.... 2,476.6  2,099.5  2,384.0  2,524.8  2,325.9  2,354.3  2,366.7  2,378.8  2,371.5  2,367.0     -4.5
  State government, excluding
   education.................... 2,803.7  2,858.2  2,817.5  2,810.6  2,812.4  2,824.9  2,826.5  2,831.2  2,825.7  2,826.1       .4
 Local government...............  14,627   13,654   14,328   14,732   14,402   14,540   14,559   14,556   14,526   14,547       21
  Local government education.... 8,258.6  6,999.3  7,843.2  8,287.1  7,994.6  8,053.2  8,072.5  8,058.6  8,032.2  8,055.4     23.2
  Local government, excluding
   education.................... 6,368.4  6,654.4  6,485.0  6,444.4  6,406.9  6,486.8  6,486.5  6,497.4  6,494.0  6,491.3     -2.7


  1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
  2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
  3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2.  Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector
and selected industry detail


                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Change
                  Industry                       Oct.   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.    Oct.   June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.     from:
                                                 2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2008   2008   2008   2008p  2008p  Sept. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Oct. 2008p


        Total private.........................   33.8   33.9   33.6   33.6    33.8   33.7   33.7   33.7   33.6   33.6       0.0

    Goods-producing...........................   40.9   40.6   40.3   40.2    40.6   40.3   40.3   40.3   40.0   40.0        .0

Natural resources and mining..................   46.7   45.7   44.9   44.8    46.0   45.0   44.8   45.3   44.4   44.5        .1

Construction..................................   39.6   39.5   38.9   38.8    39.0   38.7   38.7   38.7   38.4   38.3       -.1

Manufacturing.................................   41.4   41.0   40.9   40.7    41.2   41.0   41.0   40.9   40.6   40.6        .0
   Overtime hours.............................    4.2    3.9    3.8    3.6     4.1    3.8    3.8    3.7    3.6    3.6        .0

 Durable goods................................   41.7   41.3   41.1   40.9    41.5   41.2   41.3   41.2   40.8   40.8        .0
   Overtime hours.............................    4.3    3.9    3.7    3.5     4.1    3.8    3.8    3.7    3.5    3.5        .0

  Wood products...............................   39.7   39.4   39.0   38.0    39.5   39.3   39.0   38.9   38.4   37.9       -.5
  Nonmetallic mineral products................   43.1   43.1   42.8   42.3    42.6   42.1   42.5   42.3   42.0   42.0        .0
  Primary metals..............................   42.5   42.7   42.5   41.9    42.6   42.5   42.4   42.7   42.3   42.2       -.1
  Fabricated metal products...................   42.0   41.4   41.4   41.2    41.7   41.2   41.2   41.3   41.2   41.1       -.1
  Machinery...................................   43.1   42.5   42.3   42.1    42.9   42.1   42.1   42.7   42.3   42.2       -.1
  Computer and electronic products............   40.8   41.0   41.2   40.9    40.6   41.2   41.1   41.0   40.8   40.8        .0
  Electrical equipment and appliances.........   41.1   40.8   41.3   41.1    40.7   41.0   40.9   41.0   41.1   40.8       -.3
  Transportation equipment....................   42.8   42.0   41.2   41.6    42.7   42.2   42.6   41.8   40.9   41.5        .6
   Motor vehicles and parts(2)................   42.4   41.1   41.5   40.6    42.2   41.6   42.1   40.4   41.0   40.7       -.3
  Furniture and related products..............   39.1   38.8   38.1   37.5    39.1   39.0   38.3   38.1   37.7   37.7        .0
  Miscellaneous manufacturing.................   39.1   39.6   39.0   38.7    39.0   39.2   39.1   39.5   38.9   38.9        .0

 Nondurable goods.............................   41.0   40.5   40.7   40.5    40.8   40.5   40.5   40.4   40.3   40.3        .0
   Overtime hours.............................    4.2    3.9    4.0    3.8     4.1    3.8    3.7    3.7    3.7    3.7        .0

  Food manufacturing..........................   41.2   40.7   41.1   40.9    40.8   40.6   40.5   40.5   40.4   40.6        .2
  Beverages and tobacco products..............   40.2   38.6   37.8   37.1    40.6   39.0   38.9   38.2   38.1   37.7       -.4
  Textile mills...............................   39.9   39.7   39.6   38.0    40.2   38.9   39.4   39.5   38.9   38.3       -.6
  Textile product mills.......................   38.9   39.1   38.5   38.0    39.2   39.1   39.2   38.8   38.4   38.3       -.1
  Apparel.....................................   36.8   36.4   35.8   36.0    36.6   36.4   37.0   36.4   36.0   35.9       -.1
  Leather and allied products.................   37.9   37.2   37.7   37.4    37.7   38.5   38.4   37.6   37.9   37.7       -.2
  Paper and paper products....................   43.6   42.9   43.1   42.8    43.3   42.7   42.6   43.0   42.6   42.7        .1
  Printing and related support activities.....   39.1   38.4   38.8   38.7    38.8   38.1   38.0   38.3   38.3   38.3        .0
  Petroleum and coal products.................   43.1   45.4   46.1   46.8    42.9   44.4   45.4   45.5   45.5   45.8        .3
  Chemicals...................................   41.4   41.5   41.5   41.6    41.7   41.8   41.9   41.5   41.4   41.6        .2
  Plastics and rubber products................   41.7   41.0   41.1   40.6    41.7   41.1   41.3   41.0   40.8   40.6       -.2

     Private service-providing................   32.3   32.5   32.3   32.3    32.4   32.4   32.3   32.4   32.3   32.3        .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........   33.2   33.4   33.4   33.1    33.2   33.3   33.2   33.2   33.2   33.1       -.1

 Wholesale trade..............................   38.1   38.3   38.1   38.2    38.1   38.3   38.4   38.3   38.1   38.3        .2

 Retail trade.................................   30.1   30.3   30.4   29.8    30.1   30.1   30.0   30.0   30.1   29.9       -.2

 Transportation and warehousing...............   36.7   36.7   36.6   36.5    36.7   36.5   36.4   36.4   36.4   36.5        .1

 Utilities....................................   42.5   42.0   42.8   42.8    42.2   42.8   42.4   42.2   42.5   42.6        .1

Information...................................   36.2   36.9   37.0   36.9    36.2   36.6   36.7   36.8   36.8   36.8        .0

Financial activities..........................   35.5   35.9   35.7   35.7    35.7   35.9   35.7   36.1   36.0   35.9       -.1

Professional and business services............   34.8   35.0   34.7   34.9    34.8   34.8   34.8   34.9   34.8   34.9        .1

Education and health services.................   32.5   32.6   32.5   32.4    32.6   32.6   32.6   32.6   32.5   32.5        .0

Leisure and hospitality.......................   25.3   25.8   25.0   25.1    25.4   25.3   25.2   25.2   25.2   25.2        .0

Other services................................   30.8   31.1   30.8   30.9    30.8   30.8   30.8   30.9   30.8   30.9        .1


  1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.  These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the
total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
  2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                          ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3.  Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail


                                                       Average hourly earnings                  Average weekly earnings

                  Industry                         Oct.      Aug.     Sept.     Oct.       Oct.      Aug.     Sept.     Oct.
                                                   2007      2008     2008p     2008p      2007      2008     2008p     2008p

        Total private........................... $17.60    $18.05    $18.21    $18.22    $594.88   $611.90   $611.86   $612.19
         Seasonally adjusted....................  17.59     18.14     18.17     18.21     594.54    611.32    610.51    611.86

    Goods-producing.............................  18.86     19.50     19.61     19.60     771.37    791.70    790.28    787.92

Natural resources and mining....................  21.02     23.03     23.15     23.06     981.63   1052.47   1039.44   1033.09

Construction....................................  21.25     22.15     22.34     22.31     841.50    874.93    869.03    865.63

Manufacturing...................................  17.34     17.73     17.83     17.82     717.88    726.93    729.25    725.27

 Durable goods..................................  18.30     18.69     18.79     18.77     763.11    771.90    772.27    767.69
  Wood products.................................  13.81     14.22     14.35     14.43     548.26    560.27    559.65    548.34
  Nonmetallic mineral products..................  16.94     16.86     16.97     16.95     730.11    726.67    726.32    716.99
  Primary metals................................  19.81     20.27     20.36     19.98     841.93    865.53    865.30    837.16
  Fabricated metal products.....................  16.69     17.07     17.15     17.15     700.98    706.70    710.01    706.58
  Machinery.....................................  17.68     17.94     18.04     18.00     762.01    762.45    763.09    757.80
  Computer and electronic products..............  20.28     21.25     21.30     21.41     827.42    871.25    877.56    875.67
  Electrical equipment and appliances...........  15.80     15.95     16.02     15.80     649.38    650.76    661.63    649.38
  Transportation equipment......................  23.20     23.81     23.99     24.05     992.96   1000.02    988.39   1000.48
  Furniture and related products................  14.36     14.59     14.54     14.53     561.48    566.09    553.97    544.88
  Miscellaneous manufacturing...................  14.70     15.33     15.41     15.41     574.77    607.07    600.99    596.37

 Nondurable goods...............................  15.71     16.14     16.28     16.29     644.11    653.67    662.60    659.75
  Food manufacturing............................  13.61     14.00     14.12     14.08     560.73    569.80    580.33    575.87
  Beverages and tobacco products................  18.69     18.43     18.83     19.12     751.34    711.40    711.77    709.35
  Textile mills.................................  12.93     13.68     13.72     13.75     515.91    543.10    543.31    522.50
  Textile product mills.........................  11.75     11.78     11.81     11.67     457.08    460.60    454.69    443.46
  Apparel.......................................  11.16     11.28     11.47     11.40     410.69    410.59    410.63    410.40
  Leather and allied products...................  12.10     12.94     12.94     13.00     458.59    481.37    487.84    486.20
  Paper and paper products......................  18.50     18.76     18.98     18.93     806.60    804.80    818.04    810.20
  Printing and related support activities.......  16.48     16.84     16.94     16.98     644.37    646.66    657.27    657.13
  Petroleum and coal products...................  24.92     27.86     28.43     28.96    1074.05   1264.84   1310.62   1355.33
  Chemicals.....................................  19.35     19.58     19.79     19.65     801.09    812.57    821.29    817.44
  Plastics and rubber products..................  15.41     15.84     15.89     15.97     642.60    649.44    653.08    648.38

     Private service-providing..................  17.27     17.69     17.86     17.88     557.82    574.93    576.88    577.52

Trade, transportation, and utilities............  15.94     16.24     16.30     16.25     529.21    542.42    544.42    537.88

 Wholesale trade................................  19.75     20.23     20.21     20.18     752.48    774.81    770.00    770.88

 Retail trade...................................  12.85     12.95     13.03     12.89     386.79    392.39    396.11    384.12

 Transportation and warehousing.................  17.89     18.50     18.54     18.53     656.56    678.95    678.56    676.35

 Utilities......................................  28.44     28.64     28.92     28.84    1208.70   1202.88   1237.78   1234.35

Information.....................................  24.15     24.81     25.03     25.03     874.23    915.49    926.11    923.61

Financial activities............................  19.79     20.30     20.46     20.45     702.55    728.77    730.42    730.07

Professional and business services..............  20.19     21.06     21.27     21.38     702.61    737.10    738.07    746.16

Education and health services...................  18.33     18.84     18.95     18.89     595.73    614.18    615.88    612.04

Leisure and hospitality.........................  10.61     10.79     10.89     10.90     268.43    278.38    272.25    273.59

Other services..................................  15.55     15.84     15.94     15.93     478.94    492.62    490.95    492.24


  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                             ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4.  Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted


                                                                                                       Percent
                  Industry                         Oct.     June     July     Aug.    Sept.    Oct.  change from:
                                                   2007     2008     2008     2008    2008p    2008p  Sept.2008-
                                                                                                      Oct. 2008p
        Total private:
         Current dollars........................ $17.59   $18.00   $18.06   $18.14   $18.17   $18.21      0.2
         Constant (1982) dollars(2).............   8.34     8.17     8.12     8.17     8.19     N.A.      (3)

    Goods-producing.............................  18.77    19.25    19.33    19.41    19.47    19.52       .3

Natural resources and mining....................  21.05    22.01    22.54    23.02    23.14    23.20       .3

Construction....................................  21.07    21.77    21.84    22.01    22.10    22.14       .2

Manufacturing...................................  17.34    17.71    17.78    17.76    17.80    17.85       .3
   Excluding overtime(4)........................  16.52    16.93    16.99    16.99    17.04    17.09       .3

 Durable goods..................................  18.28    18.67    18.75    18.70    18.73    18.78       .3

 Nondurable goods...............................  15.73    16.11    16.14    16.18    16.26    16.33       .4

     Private service-providing..................  17.28    17.69    17.74    17.82    17.85    17.90       .3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............  15.94    16.19    16.20    16.26    16.23    16.25       .1

 Wholesale trade................................  19.77    20.12    20.16    20.29    20.23    20.23       .0

 Retail trade...................................  12.86    12.90    12.90    12.93    12.91    12.89      -.2

 Transportation and warehousing.................  17.86    18.39    18.41    18.47    18.48    18.56       .4

 Utilities......................................  28.32    29.14    28.65    28.88    28.82    28.80      -.1

Information.....................................  24.10    24.74    24.82    24.91    24.91    24.98       .3

Financial activities............................  19.78    20.26    20.30    20.38    20.46    20.48       .1

Professional and business services..............  20.31    21.01    21.12    21.30    21.39    21.50       .5

Education and health services...................  18.34    18.75    18.81    18.85    18.90    18.93       .2

Leisure and hospitality.........................  10.60    10.85    10.86    10.89    10.90    10.91       .1

Other services..................................  15.59    15.85    15.90    15.92    15.94    15.98       .3


  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.
  3 Change was 0.2 percent from Aug. 2008 to Sept. 2008, the latest month available.
  4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
  N.A. = not available.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                               ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5.  Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail

(2002=100)


                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Percent
                  Industry                      Oct.   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.    Oct.   June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.   change from:
                                                2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2008   2008   2008   2008p  2008p   Sept. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Oct. 2008p

        Total private.........................  108.2  108.4  106.7  106.4   107.7  107.0  106.9  106.8  106.2  105.9      -0.3

    Goods-producing...........................  103.5  100.1   98.2   96.6   101.4   97.6   97.2   96.9   95.7   94.8       -.9

Natural resources and mining..................  137.5  147.9  145.5  145.7   133.5  137.0  138.3  143.0  141.3  142.4        .8

Construction..................................  120.0  114.8  111.0  109.2   114.5  107.3  106.7  106.8  105.2  103.9      -1.2

Manufacturing.................................   94.6   91.4   90.5   88.7    93.9   91.6   91.2   90.5   89.3   88.4      -1.0

 Durable goods................................   97.6   93.3   92.0   89.9    97.2   93.9   93.6   92.6   91.0   89.8      -1.3
  Wood products...............................   89.0   82.9   80.1   75.9    88.2   81.6   80.5   79.4   77.6   75.6      -2.6
  Nonmetallic mineral products................  100.8   98.7   96.3   95.0    98.4   94.5   94.2   94.3   92.7   93.1        .4
  Primary metals..............................   89.9   88.7   88.6   86.6    90.3   89.4   89.0   88.7   88.1   87.6       -.6
  Fabricated metal products...................  106.0  102.2  101.3   99.6   105.2  101.7  101.2  101.6  100.5   99.2      -1.3
  Machinery...................................  105.0  103.2  101.5  100.6   104.6  102.6  102.9  103.7  101.9  101.2       -.7
  Computer and electronic products............  101.9  101.5  101.2   99.3   101.3  102.3  101.6  101.3  100.1   99.2       -.9
  Electrical equipment and appliances.........   88.4   88.1   88.2   87.6    87.9   88.4   88.3   88.0   87.7   87.2       -.6
  Transportation equipment....................   96.9   86.8   84.5   81.4    96.9   91.0   90.9   86.4   83.8   81.7      -2.5
   Motor vehicles and parts(2)................   83.9   70.4   70.2   66.3    83.9   75.4   75.9   69.2   69.1   67.3      -2.6
  Furniture and related products..............   84.9   77.6   75.1   71.5    85.4   79.3   77.2   75.5   74.0   72.4      -2.2
  Miscellaneous manufacturing.................   91.0   91.3   89.8   89.2    90.6   89.8   89.5   90.9   89.5   89.4       -.1

 Nondurable goods.............................   90.1   88.4   88.4   87.0    89.0   87.7   87.3   87.0   86.5   86.1       -.5
  Food manufacturing..........................  103.7  103.3  104.6  103.1   100.9  100.5   99.9  100.2  100.1  100.7        .6
  Beverages and tobacco products..............   99.4   93.1   91.1   88.8    98.3   90.5   89.5   87.6   87.3   86.4      -1.0
  Textile mills...............................   54.2   49.0   48.4   45.7    54.6   48.8   48.8   48.9   47.6   46.3      -2.7
  Textile product mills.......................   74.1   71.4   71.0   69.7    74.5   72.5   72.6   70.9   70.8   70.3       -.7
  Apparel.....................................   58.9   56.7   55.6   53.7    58.5   55.8   56.9   56.3   54.7   53.4      -2.4
  Leather and allied products.................   70.9   73.3   75.5   74.4    69.5   74.3   72.6   74.3   74.4   73.7       -.9
  Paper and paper products....................   86.8   85.7   85.3   84.2    86.3   85.3   84.9   85.3   84.2   84.3        .1
  Printing and related support activities.....   92.0   86.9   87.1   86.1    91.0   86.6   85.8   86.6   86.1   85.0      -1.3
  Petroleum and coal products.................   97.7  105.6  106.8  106.5    95.6   98.5  101.5  102.4  102.3  102.6        .3
  Chemicals...................................   92.9   95.9   94.5   94.5    93.8   97.1   96.9   95.5   94.6   95.3        .7
  Plastics and rubber products................   91.2   87.5   87.2   84.6    91.0   88.3   88.3   87.1   86.0   84.5      -1.7

    Private service-providing.................  109.5  110.6  109.2  109.2   109.5  109.7  109.3  109.6  109.1  108.9       -.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........  104.8  104.2  103.6  102.9   104.6  104.3  103.8  103.6  103.3  102.7       -.6

 Wholesale trade..............................  110.6  110.3  109.3  109.4   110.5  110.5  110.5  110.0  109.2  109.5        .3

 Retail trade.................................  101.2  100.7   99.9   98.4   101.3  100.3   99.9   99.7   99.7   98.7      -1.0

 Transportation and warehousing...............  110.1  107.9  108.8  108.3   108.9  108.4  108.2  107.7  107.3  107.2       -.1

 Utilities....................................   96.7   97.6   99.2   99.0    96.2   98.7   97.9   97.4   98.6   98.8        .2

Information...................................   98.9  100.4  100.0   99.9    99.4  100.0  100.0  100.2  100.3  100.6        .3

Financial activities..........................  107.3  109.4  107.8  107.5   108.1  108.6  107.9  109.2  108.8  108.3       -.5

Professional and business services............  117.6  116.6  115.0  115.5   116.3  115.3  115.1  115.0  114.4  114.2       -.2

Education and health services.................  114.3  114.9  116.1  117.5   113.6  116.2  116.5  116.9  116.5  116.7        .2

Leisure and hospitality.......................  110.8  119.5  111.6  109.6   111.9  112.0  111.5  111.4  111.3  111.1       -.2

Other services................................   98.8  101.5   99.4   99.7    99.2   99.5   99.6  100.0   99.8  100.1        .3


  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours
by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels.  Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average
weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                               ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.  Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector and selected industry detail

(2002=100)


                                                   Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted

                                                                                                                         Percent
                  Industry                      Oct.   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.    Oct.   June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct.   change from:
                                                2007   2008   2008p  2008p   2007   2008   2008   2008   2008p  2008p   Sept. 2008-
                                                                                                                        Oct. 2008p

        Total private.........................  127.3  130.8  129.8  129.5   126.6  128.7  129.0  129.4  129.0  128.9      -0.1

    Goods-producing...........................  119.6  119.5  118.0  116.0   116.6  115.1  115.0  115.2  114.1  113.3       -.7

Natural resources and mining..................  168.1  198.1  196.0  195.4   163.4  175.4  181.3  191.4  190.2  192.1       1.0

Construction..................................  137.6  137.3  133.9  131.5   130.3  126.2  125.9  126.9  125.5  124.2      -1.0

Manufacturing.................................  107.3  106.0  105.6  103.4   106.5  106.1  106.0  105.1  103.9  103.2       -.7

 Durable goods................................  111.6  108.9  107.9  105.4   110.9  109.4  109.6  108.1  106.4  105.3      -1.0

 Nondurable goods.............................  100.0  100.8  101.7  100.2    98.9   99.8   99.6   99.5   99.4   99.4        .0

    Private service-providing.................  129.6  134.2  133.7  133.8   129.7  133.0  133.0  133.9  133.5  133.6        .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities..........  119.2  120.7  120.5  119.3   119.0  120.4  120.0  120.2  119.6  119.0       -.5

 Wholesale trade..............................  128.7  131.5  130.1  130.0   128.6  131.0  131.2  131.5  130.1  130.4        .2

 Retail trade.................................  111.5  111.8  111.6  108.7   111.6  110.9  110.4  110.5  110.4  109.1      -1.2

 Transportation and warehousing...............  125.0  126.6  127.9  127.3   123.4  126.4  126.3  126.2  125.8  126.2        .3

 Utilities....................................  114.8  116.6  119.7  119.2   113.7  120.0  117.1  117.5  118.6  118.7        .1

Information...................................  118.2  123.3  123.9  123.8   118.6  122.5  122.9  123.6  123.7  124.4        .6

Financial activities..........................  131.3  137.4  136.3  135.9   132.3  136.0  135.5  137.6  137.6  137.2       -.3

Professional and business services............  141.3  146.1  145.6  146.9   140.5  144.2  144.7  145.7  145.6  146.1        .3

Education and health services.................  137.7  142.3  144.6  145.9   137.0  143.2  144.1  144.9  144.8  145.2        .3

Leisure and hospitality.......................  133.6  146.4  138.0  135.6   134.7  138.1  137.5  137.8  137.7  137.6       -.1

Other services................................  111.9  117.1  115.4  115.7   112.7  115.0  115.4  116.0  115.9  116.5        .5


  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate
payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels.  Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of
average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7.  Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)


       Time span           Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.      May     June     July     Aug.    Sept.     Oct.     Nov.     Dec.

                                                        Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries(1)


Over 1-month span:
     2004 ..............   50.5     50.5     64.1     62.6     61.7     58.9     56.0     50.0     56.9     56.9     51.3     51.8
     2005 ..............   52.2     60.6     54.2     58.2     55.8     58.2     58.0     61.3     54.7     53.6     62.4     54.7
     2006 ..............   65.1     60.9     64.4     59.3     53.3     52.7     60.4     58.9     53.5     55.8     57.1     56.0
     2007 ..............   51.6     51.8     52.7     51.1     56.6     50.4     52.2     51.6     56.4     54.6     48.2     48.5
     2008 ..............   45.4     41.4     47.4     45.6     46.4     42.3     38.3     46.2    p38.1    p37.6


Over 3-month span:
     2004 ..............   54.4     52.9     57.3     63.5     68.8     66.6     61.3     56.4     57.7     59.5     61.9     54.6
     2005 ..............   52.2     55.5     57.5     60.8     58.9     61.9     60.4     63.9     61.1     54.4     54.9     61.3
     2006 ..............   67.2     66.2     66.6     65.5     60.6     58.2     56.0     58.9     55.7     56.4     57.1     58.4
     2007 ..............   58.4     54.7     55.3     54.7     56.2     53.3     53.1     54.7     58.4     56.8     54.7     52.4
     2008 ..............   46.7     42.7     42.3     44.0     43.1     44.0     36.3     37.4    p35.9    p37.0


Over 6-month span:
     2004 ..............   50.0     51.6     55.3     60.9     63.7     65.1     65.1     63.9     60.4     61.7     58.2     56.0
     2005 ..............   54.6     57.3     56.8     57.5     57.5     58.2     64.4     62.8     62.0     59.3     61.5     62.0
     2006 ..............   63.1     64.4     67.2     67.0     64.4     66.4     61.5     61.7     60.4     59.7     60.8     56.0
     2007 ..............   59.1     56.4     57.5     56.8     58.8     58.2     56.2     58.0     58.2     57.1     54.6     53.8
     2008 ..............   51.5     49.8     44.7     46.5     43.6     39.1     37.6     39.1    p34.9    p33.8


Over 12-month span:
     2004 ..............   40.5     42.3     45.1     48.9     51.3     58.2     57.5     55.7     57.3     58.8     60.6     60.8
     2005 ..............   60.6     60.8     59.7     58.9     58.0     60.0     60.9     63.3     60.4     58.9     59.5     61.7
     2006 ..............   67.2     65.1     65.5     62.6     64.8     66.4     64.4     64.4     66.2     65.1     64.4     65.5
     2007 ..............   62.6     59.1     60.4     58.9     59.5     58.4     57.5     58.8     61.7     60.4     59.9     57.7
     2008 ..............   53.8     54.6     52.6     50.4     49.3     45.8     44.7     42.5    p41.2    p37.2

                                                        Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1)


Over 1-month span:
     2004 ..............   43.5     47.6     47.0     63.7     50.6     51.2     58.3     42.9     42.9     48.2     42.3     39.9
     2005 ..............   36.3     48.8     42.9     44.6     42.3     35.1     38.1     47.0     45.8     46.4     47.0     47.0
     2006 ..............   57.7     45.8     54.8     48.8     38.1     53.0     50.6     44.0     36.3     40.5     38.1     39.3
     2007 ..............   47.6     35.7     30.4     29.8     37.5     39.3     41.7     33.3     40.5     45.2     44.6     36.3
     2008 ..............   40.5     28.6     38.1     35.1     44.6     30.4     26.8     37.5    p26.2    p27.4


Over 3-month span:
     2004 ..............   41.1     40.5     43.5     56.5     58.9     61.3     57.7     47.0     46.4     41.7     44.6     38.7
     2005 ..............   38.1     39.3     42.3     44.6     36.3     37.5     33.3     39.9     45.8     41.7     38.7     49.4
     2006 ..............   54.8     52.4     47.6     48.8     44.6     50.6     42.9     47.6     36.3     37.5     32.1     34.5
     2007 ..............   33.9     28.6     32.1     27.4     29.8     32.7     31.0     34.5     32.1     39.3     44.0     41.7
     2008 ..............   35.7     27.4     26.8     29.2     29.8     35.7     24.4     22.6    p22.6    p25.0


Over 6-month span:
     2004 ..............   29.2     31.5     32.7     44.6     49.4     54.8     59.5     56.0     51.2     51.8     44.0     38.7
     2005 ..............   33.9     38.1     35.1     36.9     32.1     32.1     41.7     35.7     36.3     36.9     37.5     42.3
     2006 ..............   42.9     45.2     50.6     47.6     48.2     47.6     46.4     48.8     43.5     41.7     38.7     29.8
     2007 ..............   34.5     27.4     23.8     27.4     31.5     34.5     33.3     31.0     29.2     35.1     34.5     32.7
     2008 ..............   34.5     33.9     32.1     28.0     26.8     20.8     19.6     24.4    p18.5    p19.0


Over 12-month span:
     2004 ..............   13.1     14.3     13.1     20.2     23.2     35.7     36.9     38.1     36.9     44.0     44.6     44.6
     2005 ..............   44.6     43.5     41.7     40.5     36.3     35.1     32.1     33.9     32.7     33.3     33.3     38.1
     2006 ..............   44.6     40.5     40.5     39.3     39.3     44.6     41.7     42.3     46.4     48.2     45.2     44.0
     2007 ..............   39.3     36.3     36.9     28.6     29.8     26.2     26.8     29.2     30.4     29.8     33.3     33.9
     2008 ..............   29.8     29.8     29.8     24.4     27.4     24.4     23.8     21.4    p22.6    p20.8


  1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
  Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.
See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.






Last Modified Date: November 07, 2008