Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-20-0610
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 14, 2020

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                               U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MARCH 2020                                

Prices for U.S. imports fell 2.3 percent in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.7-percent decline the previous month. The March drop was driven by lower fuel prices. U.S. 
export prices decreased 1.6 percent in March, after falling 1.1 percent in February.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
		Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on March 2020 Import and Export Price Index Survey Data		
		
The import and export price quotes are requested for transactions occurring as close to the first day of	 
the month as possible. While not directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, response rates for March were 
approximately 6.5 percentage points lower than March 2019. No changes in estimation procedures were 		
necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-bls-	
price-indexes.htm#Import-Export.																			
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
Imports

The price index for U.S. imports declined 2.3 percent in March, the largest monthly drop since import prices 
fell 3.2 percent in January 2015. The March decline followed a 0.7-percent decrease in February and 0.2-
percent advances in each of the 3 months prior to that. Import prices also fell on a 12-month basis, declining 
4.1 percent from March 2019 to March 2020. The decrease was the largest over-the-year drop since the 
index fell 4.7 percent for the 12 months ended June 2016. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 26.8 percent in March, after decreasing 9.0 percent in February. The 
March decline, led by a 27.4-percent drop in petroleum prices, was the largest decrease in import fuel prices 
since the index fell 27.8 percent in November 2008. The decline in petroleum prices followed an 8.8-percent 
drop the previous month. Natural gas prices also fell in March, decreasing 16.5 percent, after declining 14.0 
percent in February and 12.2 percent in January. Import fuel prices fell 36.2 percent over the past year; 
lower petroleum prices and natural gas prices both contributed to the decline. 
 
All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel were unchanged in March following 0.3-percent 
increases in February and January. In March, lower prices for consumer goods and foods, feeds, and 
beverages offset advancing prices for automotive vehicles, nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, and 
capital goods. Prices for nonfuel imports decreased 0.5 percent for the year ended in March. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
rose 0.4 percent in March, after increasing 1.0 percent in February. The March advance was led by a 1.2-
percent rise in unfinished metals prices and a 2.3-percent increase in prices for building materials. 
	
Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in March. Higher prices for automotive vehicles and 
capital goods were largely offset by lower consumer goods prices. The price index for automotive vehicles 
rose 0.4 percent, driven by a 1.3-percent advance in non-engine auto parts. A 1.1-percent rise in computer 
prices led capital goods prices up 0.1 percent. In contrast, consumer goods prices fell 0.3 percent, driven by 
a 6.6-percent drop in diamond prices. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.0 percent in March 
following a 1.3-percent increase in February. In March, a 12.9-percent decline in vegetable prices more than 
offset a 7.0-percent advance in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2019
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	-0.6	-4.2	-0.1	-0.6	-2.4	-0.3
September	0.1	1.0	-0.1	-0.3	-1.6	-0.2
October	-0.4	-1.6	-0.3	0.0	1.7	-0.2
November	0.2	2.2	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.1
December	0.2	(r)1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
2020
January	(r)0.2	(r)-0.1	(r)0.3	0.6	(r)2.2	0.6
February	(r)-0.7	(r)-9.0	0.3	-1.1	-2.7	(r)-1.1
March	-2.3	-26.8	0.0	-1.6	-1.4	-1.5
Mar. 2018 to 2019	0.1	8.7	-0.8	0.6	-2.4	0.9
Mar. 2019 to 2020	-4.1	-36.2	-0.5	-3.6	-2.2	-3.7
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 1.6 percent in March, after falling 1.1 percent in February and rising 0.6 
percent in January. The March decrease was the largest monthly drop in export prices since the index 
declined 1.7 percent in January 2015. Decreasing prices for both nonagricultural exports and agricultural 
exports contributed to the March drop. U.S. export prices fell 3.6 percent for the year ended in March, the 
largest 12-month decrease since a 4.5-percent decline from May 2015 to May 2016. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Export agricultural prices declined 1.4 percent in March following a 2.7-percent 
decrease the previous month. In March, lower prices for other animal feeds, vegetables, nuts, cotton, and 
wheat more than offset higher prices for fruit, soybeans, and meat. Prices for agricultural exports fell 2.2 
percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the index decreased 5.3 percent for the year 
ended May 2019.  

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports declined 1.5 percent in 
March, after falling 1.1 percent in February. In March, falling prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials; consumer goods; and nonagricultural foods more than offset rising prices for capital goods 
and automotive vehicles. Prices for nonagricultural exports fell 3.7 percent over the past 12 months, the 
largest over-the-year decrease since a 3.8-percent decline for the year ended June 2016.    

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
fell 4.6 percent in March following a 3.4-percent drop the previous month. Both decreases were driven by 
falling fuel prices which declined 13.2 percent in March and 10.6 percent in February. The March drop was 
the largest 1-month decline in export fuel prices since a 16.5-percent decrease in January 2015.   

Finished Goods: Prices for finished goods were mixed in March. Similar to imports, capital goods prices 
and automotive vehicles prices rose and consumer goods prices declined. The price index for capital goods 
increased 0.2 percent in March following a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. The March rise was led 
by a 3.4-percent increase in computer prices. Prices for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent for the 
second consecutive month in March. In contrast, the price index for consumer goods decreased 0.6 percent, 
the largest monthly drop since the index fell 1.0 percent in January 2017.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose for the third time in the past 4 months, after 
not increasing on a monthly basis since May 2018. Prices for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in 
March following a 0.3-percent decline in February and 0.2-percent advances in January and December. 
Despite the recent rises, the price index for imports from China decreased 1.2 percent over the past 12 
months. Import prices from Japan were unchanged for the second consecutive month in March. Prices for 
imports from Japan rose 0.2 percent from March 2019 to March 2020. Driven by lower fuel prices, the price 
index for imports from Canada fell 8.3 percent in March, the largest monthly decline since the index 
decreased 9.0 percent in November 2008. Import prices from the European Union and Mexico also 
decreased in March. Prices for imports from the European Union fell 0.3 percent, after edging down 0.1 
percent in February, and the price index for imports from Mexico declined 0.2 percent following a 0.1-
percent drop the previous month. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China declined 2.3 percent in March following a 
0.7-percent drop in February. The March decrease was the largest 1-month drop since the index was first 
published in December 2017. Export prices to China fell 4.7 percent over the past 12 months. The price 
index for exports to Japan declined 3.4 percent in March, after decreasing 1.2 percent the previous month. 
Similar to export prices to China, the March decline in export prices to Japan was the largest monthly drop 
since the index was first published in December 2017. Prices for exports to Canada and the European Union 
each fell 1.9 percent in March. The declines came after prices for exports to Canada decreased 1.4 percent in 
February and export prices to the European Union fell 0.9 percent. The price index for export prices to 
Mexico decreased 0.4 percent in March, after falling 2.5 percent in February. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China fell 
2.4 percent in March, the largest decline in the index since publication began in December 2017. The drop 
in the index resulted from both a decrease in export prices to China and an increase in import prices from 
China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 3.5 percent in March, after a 1.1-percent drop 
the previous month. The U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also fell in March, 
declining 1.7 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively. In contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with 
Canada rose 6.9 percent in March following a 3.2-percent advance in February. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 9.8 percent in March, the largest monthly decrease since the 
index fell 9.9 percent in July. The March drop was driven by a 12.9-percent decline in European fares. 
Overall import air passenger fares decreased 11.3 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-month 
drop since the index fell 11.6 percent from October 2008 to October 2009. Import air freight prices 
advanced 2.6 percent in March, the largest 1-month increase since the index rose 6.9 percent in April 2018. 
The price index for import air freight increased 3.3 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 4.2 percent in March, after decreasing 9.3 percent the previous 
month. In March, lower Asian and European fares contributed to the overall decrease. The index for export 
air passenger fares declined 8.1 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 
index fell 9.9 percent in July 2016. Prices for export air freight fell 1.0 percent in March and 0.8 percent 
from March 2019 to March 2020.  

		
Import and Export Price Index data for April are scheduled for release on Thursday, May 14, 2020 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
All commodities		100.000	124.3	121.4	-4.1	0.2	0.2	-0.7	-2.3
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		84.749	99.1	99.2	-0.6	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		91.389	112.3	112.2	-0.9	0.2	0.1	0.2	-0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		90.993	116.3	116.3	-0.5	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	6.244	181.0	179.2	0.1	1.2	0.5	1.3	-1.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.819	195.9	193.8	-0.9	1.5	0.2	1.3	-1.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.425	148.0	146.8	3.4	0.1	1.8	1.4	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials	1	22.888	182.1	163.3	-15.6	0.6	0.0	-3.1	-10.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.502	155.7	155.4	-2.4	0.6	-0.3	0.5	-0.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.897	175.9	176.6	-0.3	0.0	0.2	1.0	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.784	170.3	171.6	2.3	-0.3	0.7	1.6	0.8
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.493	137.4	135.1	-9.0	1.9	-1.8	-1.4	-1.7
Fuels & lubricants	10	9.007	193.0	141.2	-36.2	1.3	-0.1	-9.0	-26.8
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	8.611	207.7	150.8	-36.0	0.8	0.3	-8.8	-27.4
Crude	10000	5.768	207.6	136.2	-44.7	1.1	-0.4	-10.7	-34.4
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.397	108.7	93.5	-38.6	11.9	-10.0	-12.3	-14.0
Gas-natural	10110	0.336	97.6	81.5	-42.4	14.3	-12.2	-14.0	-16.5
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.504	109.4	108.9	-12.6	-0.8	-1.2	-0.7	-0.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.593	154.4	154.0	-3.5	0.7	-0.6	-0.1	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.540	146.2	149.6	3.1	0.4	-0.2	2.2	2.3
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.660	245.5	248.5	5.9	-1.1	2.1	3.5	1.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.782	156.6	155.7	-2.4	0.4	0.1	-0.7	-0.6
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.802	113.0	112.6	-1.0	0.2	-0.4	-0.2	-0.4
Capital goods	2	28.523	87.7	87.8	-1.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electric generating equipment	20	3.625	120.7	121.0	2.2	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.540	79.6	79.7	-1.8	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.357	135.0	135.1	-0.5	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.639	110.2	110.6	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.4
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.706	106.8	106.5	-0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	13.147	123.9	123.8	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.292	91.0	90.9	-1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.267	116.6	111.3	-4.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	-4.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
All commodities		100.000	124.4	122.4	-3.6	-0.2	0.6	-1.1	-1.6
Agricultural commodities		9.440	179.4	176.8	-2.2	-0.1	2.2	-2.7	-1.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.797	101.8	101.7	0.1	-0.1	0.4	0.4	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.560	120.1	118.3	-3.7	-0.2	0.6	-1.1	-1.5
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.754	183.5	180.7	-1.8	-0.2	2.4	-2.9	-1.5
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.182	181.6	179.1	-1.6	-0.1	2.4	-3.0	-1.4
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.572	220.6	212.5	-4.6	-0.7	2.1	-0.4	-3.7
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.143	147.5	140.8	-11.2	-0.5	0.9	-3.2	-4.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.738	171.5	170.6	2.9	-0.2	1.3	1.7	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.405	137.4	128.5	-17.4	-0.5	0.6	-5.6	-6.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.229	171.4	168.0	-5.8	0.2	0.6	-0.5	-2.0
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.914	146.7	140.0	-11.4	-0.5	0.9	-3.4	-4.6
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.449	156.5	135.9	-29.3	-0.8	1.1	-10.6	-13.2
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.549	158.1	157.5	-0.6	-0.2	0.7	0.9	-0.4
Selected building materials	13	0.916	116.1	118.2	-3.0	-0.8	-0.7	0.1	1.8
Capital goods	2	36.785	111.4	111.6	0.8	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.2
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.816	120.1	120.2	2.1	0.1	0.8	1.6	0.1
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.917	95.0	95.3	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.3
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.052	183.9	184.2	1.8	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	9.869	114.3	114.4	-0.3	-0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.449	110.5	109.8	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.6
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.000	108.4	108.3	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	4.974	107.2	107.3	0.2	-0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.475	98.7	93.4	-6.2	0.2	-0.1	-0.2	-5.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2019 to March 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		8.349	104.2	77.5	-34.9	2.0	-0.4	-7.7	-25.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.903	178.8	175.4	-2.1	3.3	1.0	1.9	-1.9
Crop production	111	1.536	188.0	185.5	-2.3	3.1	0.1	3.4	-1.3
Mining	21	6.446	95.7	64.4	-43.2	1.7	-0.7	-10.2	-32.7
Oil and gas extraction	211	6.168	94.7	62.7	-44.6	1.7	-0.9	-10.7	-33.8
Manufacturing		91.352	110.9	110.6	-0.9	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.398	125.8	125.7	0.5	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.543	155.6	154.9	-0.5	0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.4
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.175	129.1	129.3	5.9	0.3	0.4	2.1	0.2
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.370	98.8	98.6	-1.3	0.0	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2
Textile product mills	314	0.933	106.8	107.2	-1.4	-0.2	-0.6	0.2	0.4
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.733	112.5	112.6	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.644	124.2	124.1	0.5	-0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.317	124.5	122.3	-3.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.6	-1.8
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	0.823	103.3	108.9	-	-	-0.4	3.7	5.4
Paper manufacturing	322	0.989	107.2	107.2	-7.6	-0.4	-0.6	-0.3	0.0
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.601	96.8	83.9	-15.2	-1.2	2.6	-4.6	-13.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.249	137.9	137.6	-1.6	0.3	-0.3	0.0	-0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.375	118.9	118.7	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	-0.3	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.088	132.4	132.3	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.6	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.637	103.6	103.7	-0.5	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.177	161.6	163.2	3.9	-0.9	1.9	2.7	1.0
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.222	126.3	125.9	-0.6	0.3	-0.4	0.1	-0.3
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.737	119.4	119.5	0.6	-0.1	0.5	0.1	0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.997	71.7	71.8	-2.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.477	117.3	117.6	0.7	0.4	0.1	-0.2	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.678	109.4	109.7	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.3
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.901	115.5	115.3	-1.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.448	119.1	117.5	-0.8	0.3	-0.3	0.3	-1.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2019 to March 2020 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Nonmanufacturing		9.528	120.1	104.4	-25.1	-0.4	0.2	-6.8	-13.1
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.668	150.9	148.7	-4.0	-1.2	3.5	-3.9	-1.5
Crop production	111	4.322	158.4	155.9	-3.6	-1.2	3.8	-3.9	-1.6
Mining	21	4.860	69.8	52.8	-42.5	0.6	-2.5	-9.4	-24.4
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.199	96.9	95.8	-19.4	-1.9	-4.7	-0.4	-1.1
Manufacturing		89.202	116.2	115.9	-0.9	-0.2	0.7	-0.6	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.807	141.8	140.0	-0.5	0.6	1.1	-1.0	-1.3
Food manufacturing	311	4.679	160.3	157.7	-0.1	0.9	1.1	-1.5	-1.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.644	122.9	122.3	-1.3	-0.2	1.0	0.3	-0.5
Manufacturing, part 2	32	24.062	110.3	109.6	-5.7	-0.7	1.0	-2.9	-0.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.453	92.6	94.8	-6.0	-0.4	-1.0	-0.2	2.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.490	117.8	118.2	-8.9	-0.3	-1.2	-0.3	0.3
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	5.529	97.4	94.4	-16.3	-1.9	4.5	-11.5	-3.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.244	117.0	116.6	-2.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.319	117.1	117.0	0.6	-0.3	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.824	116.6	122.7	4.2	-1.1	0.1	0.2	5.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	58.334	116.2	116.2	1.1	-0.1	0.5	0.5	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.340	161.5	160.7	9.3	-0.2	2.4	3.5	-0.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.088	150.4	150.2	2.7	0.1	0.8	0.1	-0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.855	130.6	130.9	1.1	-0.2	0.5	0.1	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.816	82.3	82.5	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	0.6	0.2
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.793	117.8	118.0	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.646	129.5	129.6	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.397	123.7	124.9	3.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.398	120.3	118.6	-1.2	-0.3	0.1	0.3	-1.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.385	198.7	193.4	-2.0	1.5	0.9	-1.2	-2.7
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.379	267.5	256.5	-0.7	2.8	-2.9	-1.1	-4.1
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.739	141.8	139.7	-1.4	1.2	3.4	-1.7	-1.5
Vegetable products	II	1.895	208.2	205.3	-2.2	2.7	0.2	3.5	-1.4
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.497	505.8	422.9	-18.6	5.6	-1.4	3.4	-16.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.662	108.3	116.0	2.7	2.1	1.5	6.9	7.1
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.349	214.7	214.1	7.1	2.6	-1.8	3.7	-0.3
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.254	89.3	90.9	0.4	0.1	4.8	-0.8	1.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.015	169.9	170.4	3.0	0.4	0.2	0.9	0.3
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.209	102.9	105.8	9.5	2.7	0.1	1.4	2.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.369	171.3	170.4	-1.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.127	140.2	140.4	6.0	0.4	0.5	2.3	0.1
Mineral products	V	9.103	194.7	144.0	-35.1	1.2	-0.1	-8.4	-26.0
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	8.733	190.5	139.5	-36.4	1.3	-0.2	-9.0	-26.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.644	156.6	156.1	-0.8	0.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.493	292.4	285.3	-11.1	3.5	-3.4	-1.2	-2.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.171	127.0	126.6	-0.3	0.5	0.1	0.8	-0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.919	154.2	154.0	0.7	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.630	104.4	103.7	0.7	-0.1	1.2	0.0	-0.7
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.595	101.6	101.3	-2.5	0.4	-1.1	0.2	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.642	139.4	139.2	-1.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.449	141.9	141.6	-1.6	-0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.193	136.5	136.4	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.4	-0.1
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.623	125.1	125.4	0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.8	0.2
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.596	132.0	132.2	0.4	-0.2	0.2	0.9	0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.848	150.0	158.1	5.8	0.6	-0.3	3.7	5.4
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	0.848	103.5	109.1	-	-	-0.4	3.9	5.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.022	112.7	112.7	-7.8	-0.3	-1.0	-0.4	0.0
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.713	107.7	107.6	-3.9	0.3	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.841	114.1	114.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.972	105.4	105.1	0.4	0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.611	120.8	121.2	0.7	0.0	0.4	-0.2	0.3
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.635	100.8	101.6	-1.9	-0.1	-1.0	0.4	0.8
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.380	124.3	124.2	1.5	0.6	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.155	122.6	122.5	0.9	-0.1	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.971	132.3	132.1	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.070	208.7	208.0	16.3	0.1	2.9	5.4	-0.3
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.451	167.9	166.9	-6.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.8	-0.6
Iron and steel	72	1.123	201.7	200.9	-8.8	-0.7	-0.1	1.2	-0.4
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.681	146.5	145.8	-3.3	0.5	-0.4	-0.2	-0.5
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.401	257.2	255.7	-13.3	0.3	2.4	-7.2	-0.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.892	125.3	124.4	-6.8	-0.3	-0.2	-1.3	-0.7
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.463	123.0	123.0	-0.6	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.534	134.5	133.8	-2.5	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.5
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.424	78.7	78.9	-1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.403	84.0	84.5	-2.0	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.6
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.021	73.6	73.7	-0.1	0.0	0.3	-0.1	0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.815	114.0	114.2	0.4	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.692	113.2	113.3	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.0	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	4.085	101.9	101.9	-0.1	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.810	98.0	98.0	-0.6	0.3	-0.5	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.458	111.4	111.4	-1.2	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.805	117.1	117.0	-1.4	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.384	102.2	102.2	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.270	127.2	127.2	-1.9	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Live animals; animal products	I	1.963	213.8	212.2	0.0	0.3	0.6	-1.7	-0.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.157	163.9	165.6	1.8	1.0	0.2	-2.4	1.0
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.357	120.5	114.3	-7.7	-0.9	2.2	-1.2	-5.1
Vegetable products	II	4.268	195.1	192.9	-3.8	-1.2	3.8	-4.4	-1.1
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.972	138.2	138.1	-0.4	1.5	-5.3	0.7	-0.1
Cereals	10	1.442	200.3	198.3	3.1	-0.4	3.5	-0.2	-1.0
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.424	188.3	190.5	0.6	-2.8	4.6	-5.4	1.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.090	155.6	151.3	-1.3	0.5	0.7	-1.1	-2.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100)	20	0.334	99.8	99.8	-	-	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.594	100.6	100.6	2.9	0.3	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.567	108.0	102.0	-4.0	-1.1	-4.4	1.2	-5.6
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.744	225.0	208.9	-5.7	3.1	6.6	-4.9	-7.2
Mineral products	V	10.385	188.6	164.0	-29.1	-0.9	1.2	-10.4	-13.0
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.383	90.9	86.2	-13.7	-4.7	-2.8	-0.9	-5.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.805	180.2	155.6	-30.2	-0.7	1.3	-11.0	-13.7
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.937	137.1	136.6	-1.9	-0.1	0.2	-0.4	-0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.717	140.6	139.8	-6.2	-0.4	0.9	-4.8	-0.6
Organic chemicals	29	2.479	138.4	137.3	-6.9	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.183	108.4	107.9	2.2	0.0	0.4	0.3	-0.5
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.536	105.0	103.9	2.4	-0.7	-0.1	0.1	-1.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.867	128.2	128.3	-3.8	0.1	-1.2	-0.5	0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.494	125.5	125.5	1.9	-0.1	0.4	0.1	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.033	158.4	158.5	1.1	0.0	1.3	0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.163	142.0	142.1	-1.0	-0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.272	139.0	139.2	-1.0	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.891	153.1	152.5	-1.4	-0.7	0.4	0.3	-0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.551	90.5	93.3	-6.1	-1.2	-0.5	-0.1	3.1
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.737	117.8	119.9	-6.5	0.0	-1.1	0.4	1.8
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.423	100.5	108.2	-	-	-4.1	4.8	7.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.023	122.6	122.6	-4.2	-0.2	-0.2	-1.1	0.0
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.706	120.8	119.3	-3.2	0.1	1.9	-0.6	-1.2
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.488	119.4	114.2	-9.6	0.3	3.9	-1.6	-4.4
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.806	126.6	132.1	3.7	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	4.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.391	100.0	100.0	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.862	277.7	272.4	11.8	-0.4	1.9	4.4	-1.9
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.600	155.8	155.5	-3.7	0.3	1.4	-1.1	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.487	172.7	170.9	-10.6	0.4	4.1	-5.1	-1.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.700	101.0	99.2	-6.8	-0.2	1.0	1.7	-1.8
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.341	156.1	156.1	0.6	-0.2	1.8	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.506	97.8	98.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.3
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.994	115.8	116.3	-0.1	-0.3	0.3	0.1	0.4
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.513	78.6	78.6	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.428	138.0	138.1	1.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.087	116.8	116.8	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	6.083	111.0	110.7	1.6	-0.1	0.3	0.3	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.353	113.7	113.2	0.2	0.3	-0.2	0.9	-0.4
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.750	131.8	132.5	1.5	-0.1	0.5	0.5	0.5
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.446	89.4	87.2	-1.5	0.7	-1.1	1.7	-2.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	124.8	121.2	-5.2	0.0	-0.2	-1.4	-2.9
Nonmanufacturing	9.512	153.8	108.8	-45.2	-1.3	-2.6	-12.8	-29.3
Manufacturing	89.996	121.8	121.6	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Canada	100.000	131.0	120.1	-16.5	-0.6	-0.6	-4.5	-8.3
Nonmanufacturing	27.647	148.7	103.7	-46.7	-1.5	-2.9	-13.5	-30.3
Manufacturing	71.513	129.2	129.2	-1.6	-0.4	0.3	-0.5	0.0
European Union	100.000	137.4	137.0	-0.1	0.1	0.4	-0.1	-0.3
Manufacturing	98.562	133.7	133.4	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.1	126.4	-1.3	-0.2	0.3	-0.6	-0.6
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	113.6	113.3	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	-0.3
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	123.6	123.3	1.7	0.2	0.2	0.7	-0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	144.6	141.3	-4.5	0.3	0.3	-0.6	-2.3
Nonmanufacturing	14.765	248.7	200.3	-22.9	4.4	1.3	-4.6	-19.5
Manufacturing	84.948	118.5	119.3	-1.3	-0.4	0.1	0.3	0.7
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	125.9	125.6	-1.5	0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.054	132.8	115.6	-16.2	5.4	1.1	-0.8	-13.0
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.656	86.7	87.4	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.8
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	97.6	97.5	-1.2	0.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.1	98.2	-1.2	0.2	0.2	-0.3	0.1
Japan	100.000	96.9	96.9	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.6	98.6	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	85.9	85.6	-3.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.5	-0.3
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.6	97.3	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.0	-0.3
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	175.3	144.7	-20.5	0.1	-0.3	-1.8	-17.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2019 to March 2020 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.4	100.7	-3.1	-0.1	0.5	-1.1	-1.7
Nonmanufacturing	9.544	95.7	78.7	-35.4	-0.2	0.3	-9.4	-17.8
Manufacturing	89.120	103.4	103.4	0.7	-0.1	0.6	-0.2	0.0
Canada	100.000	103.5	101.5	-4.2	-0.2	0.4	-1.4	-1.9
European Union	100.000	104.2	102.2	-2.3	0.0	0.6	-0.9	-1.9
Nonmanufacturing	8.901	92.6	73.6	-33.3	1.3	-1.3	-7.2	-20.5
Manufacturing	89.535	105.3	105.3	1.0	-0.1	0.8	-0.3	0.0
Germany	100.000	105.2	105.6	3.4	0.2	0.8	-0.2	0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	98.4	97.5	-5.2	-0.5	1.6	-3.1	-0.9
Nonmanufacturing	7.215	99.8	94.7	-12.4	-1.6	1.8	-5.6	-5.1
Manufacturing	92.292	98.3	97.7	-4.8	-0.3	1.5	-3.0	-0.6
Mexico	100.000	98.5	98.1	-3.9	-0.4	1.2	-2.5	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	5.568	93.1	91.2	-12.1	-3.6	1.8	-5.1	-2.0
Manufacturing	93.849	98.8	98.5	-3.4	-0.2	1.1	-2.3	-0.3
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	98.5	95.8	-4.8	-0.2	0.4	-1.1	-2.7
Nonmanufacturing	14.193	91.2	71.9	-27.4	-0.5	1.5	-6.0	-21.2
Manufacturing	84.218	100.4	100.5	-0.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.1
China	100.000	96.8	94.6	-4.7	0.0	0.2	-0.7	-2.3
Nonmanufacturing	12.397	87.8	68.1	-30.4	0.1	-0.1	-7.5	-22.4
Manufacturing	85.651	100.4	100.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.5	0.2
Japan	100.000	99.3	95.9	-4.2	0.0	0.0	-1.2	-3.4
Nonmanufacturing	19.741	92.6	74.9	-27.6	1.1	-0.6	-5.6	-19.1
Manufacturing	78.409	100.0	100.2	1.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.4	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2019 to March 2020(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
			Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.4	101.7	2.3	-0.1	0.8	0.3	1.3
Canada	103.8	111.0	14.6	0.5	1.0	3.2	6.9
European Union	102.1	100.4	-2.1	0.0	0.2	-0.8	-1.7
Germany	106.6	107.3	2.9	-0.3	0.6	-0.5	0.7
Latin America(3)	101.3	102.7	-0.8	-0.8	1.2	-2.6	1.4
Mexico	100.9	100.8	-2.4	-0.8	1.2	-2.4	-0.1
Pacific Rim(4)	99.3	96.7	-3.6	-0.4	0.5	-1.1	-2.6
China	98.8	96.4	-3.6	-0.2	0.0	-0.4	-2.4
Japan	97.9	94.5	-4.4	0.2	-0.2	-1.1	-3.5
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March 2019 to March 2020 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2020(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2019 to Mar. 2020	Nov. 2019 to Dec. 2019	Dec. 2019 to Jan. 2020	Jan. 2020 to Feb. 2020	Feb. 2020 to Mar. 2020
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	176.3	180.8	3.3	1.8	-2.3	-1.0	2.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.446	144.4	143.6	-3.8	-0.1	0.6	0.2	-0.6
Asia	58.227	164.4	172.0	6.5	2.8	-4.4	-1.7	4.6
Export Air Freight	100.000	166.0	164.4	-0.8	0.8	2.7	-1.4	-1.0
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.840	155.3	154.6	2.6	0.7	3.1	-1.1	-0.5
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	162.9	164.3	-1.6	1.2	-0.9	-0.9	0.9
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.726	132.6	132.4	-4.0	-0.1	1.3	-0.2	-0.2
Asia	56.934	149.5	151.9	-0.9	1.9	-2.6	-1.3	1.6
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	190.6	153.2	5.5	0.9	1.6	27.2	-19.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.325	161.3	161.4	6.0	1.3	2.3	-0.6	0.1
Asia	59.326	227.3	152.2	8.3	1.0	1.3	59.0	-33.0
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	172.3	155.5	-11.3	5.7	-8.7	0.2	-9.8
Europe	47.437	208.3	181.5	-11.9	-1.4	0.8	0.6	-12.9
Asia	20.396	121.3	112.3	-9.9	19.3	-14.7	-7.2	-7.4
Latin America/Caribbean	8.588	162.7	150.7	-2.5	16.1	-19.2	8.7	-7.4
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	143.1	137.1	-8.1	-0.7	7.4	-9.3	-4.2
Europe	29.070	179.5	171.7	-12.3	-2.2	-0.9	-2.0	-4.3
Asia	25.691	127.2	120.9	-7.9	-1.9	14.4	-13.9	-5.0
Latin America/Caribbean	26.545	154.3	150.7	-2.6	3.7	11.9	-13.0	-2.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.