U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                   USDL-22-0622
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, April 14, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 * MXPinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/mxp
Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

                            U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - MARCH 2022

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 2.6 percent in March following a 1.6-percent increase in February and a 
2.0-percent rise in January, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher fuel prices drove the 
March advance and nonfuel prices also increased. U.S. export prices rose 4.5 percent in March, after 
advancing 3.0 percent the previous month. 


Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports increased 2.6 percent in March, the largest monthly rise since April 2011. 
Prices for U.S. imports advanced 12.5 percent for the year ended in March, the largest 12-month increase 
since a 12.7-percent rise in September 2011. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel advanced 14.6 percent in March, after increasing 10.0 percent in 
February and 7.3 percent in January. The March rise was the largest 1-month advance since a 15.2-percent 
increase in July 2020. The March increase was led by higher petroleum prices which rose 16.1 percent 
following an 11.3-percent advance in February. In contrast, natural gas prices declined 4.2 percent in March, 
after decreasing 4.3 percent the previous month. Import fuel prices rose 66.7 percent from March 2021 to 
March 2022. The price indexes for petroleum and natural gas advanced 66.5 percent and 79.7 percent, 
respectively, over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices increased 1.2 percent in March following a 0.7-percent 
advance the previous month. Higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; capital goods; 
consumer goods; and foods, feeds, and beverages each factored into the March increase in nonfuel import 
prices. Prices for nonfuel imports rose 7.5 percent for the year ended in March, the largest over-the-year 
advance since 12-month percent changes were first published in December 2002. Nonfuel prices have not 
recorded a 12-month decline since June 2020.         

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for import foods, feeds, and beverages ticked up 0.1 percent in March, 
after increasing 1.6 percent in February. Higher prices for food oils and fish in March largely offset a 5.3-
percent decline in fruit prices.  

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 
advanced 4.7 percent in March following a 2.3-percent increase in February. Higher prices in March for 
unfinished metals, finished metals, selected building materials, and chemicals each contributed to the 
increase in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices.             

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories increased in March. The price index 
for capital goods advanced 0.3 percent for the second consecutive month. Capital goods prices last recorded 
a monthly decline in November 2019. Prices for consumer goods rose 0.2 percent in March, after increasing 
0.3 percent in February. Consumer goods prices advanced 3.0 percent over the past year, the largest 12-
month rise since a 3.4-percent increase from December 2010 to December 2011. Automotive vehicles prices 
were unchanged in March.  

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2021
March	1.5	8.0	0.9	2.5	2.4	2.5
April	0.9	1.9	0.8	1.2	0.7	1.2
May	1.3	5.2	0.9	2.3	6.1	1.8
June	1.1	4.9	0.7	1.2	1.4	1.1
July	0.3	2.9	0.0	1.1	-1.7	1.3
August	-0.2	-2.2	0.0	0.2	0.9	0.1
September	0.4	3.6	0.1	0.3	-1.5	0.5
October	1.5	11.1	0.5	1.9	1.1	2.0
November	0.7	2.5	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.6
December	-0.4	-7.7	0.5	-1.6	0.7	-1.9
2022
January	(r)2.0	(r)7.3	(r)1.4	2.8	(r)3.0	(r)2.7
February	(r)1.6	(r)10.0	(r)0.7	3.0	(r)2.9	3.0
March	2.6	14.6	1.2	4.5	4.7	4.5
Mar. 2020 to 2021	7.1	56.4	3.8	9.6	20.4	8.4
Mar. 2021 to 2022	12.5	66.7	7.5	18.8	20.8	18.5
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports advanced 4.5 percent in March following a 3.0-percent rise in February and a 2.8-
percent increase in January. All 3 advances were the largest monthly increases since 1-month percent 
changes were first published in January 1989. Higher prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural 
exports in March contributed to the overall rise in U.S. export prices. U.S. export prices advanced 18.8 
percent over the past year, the largest over-the-year increase since 12-month percent changes were first 
published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 4.7 percent in March, the largest 
monthly advance since May 2021. Higher prices for soybeans, wheat, and corn drove the rise in March. 
Agricultural export prices increased 20.8 percent for the 12 months ended in March, led by rising prices for 
soybeans, wheat, corn, and meat.                        

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices rose 4.5 percent in March, after 3.0-
percent and 2.7-percent increases the 2 previous months. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials; capital goods; consumer goods; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural food all 
contributed to the March advance. Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 18.5 percent from March 2021 to 
March 2022.                  

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonagricultural industrial supplies 
and materials increased 8.7 percent in March, the largest 1-month advance since monthly percent changes 
were first published in October 1992. Higher prices for fuel, nonferrous metals, and chemicals led the 
March increase.         

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories advanced in March. Capital goods 
prices rose 0.5 percent driven by higher prices for industrial and service machinery and computers, 
peripherals, and semiconductors. The price indexes for consumer goods and automotive vehicles each 
advanced 0.8 percent in March. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 
www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm.  

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China increased 0.5 percent in March following a 0.2-
percent rise in February. The March advance was led by higher fabricated metal prices. The price index for 
imports from China rose 4.8 percent for the year ended in March. The price index for imports from Japan 
increased 0.4 percent in March, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. The March advance was the 
largest increase since the index rose 0.5 percent in April 2021. Import prices from Japan increased 1.8 
percent over the past year. Prices for imports from Canada rose 7.3 percent in March, the largest 1-month 
advance since the index increased 13.8 percent in June 2020. The price indexes for imports from the 
European Union and Mexico also advanced in March, each rising 1.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China increased 5.0 percent in March following 
advances of 2.8 percent in February and 2.4 percent in January. The March rise was the largest monthly 
increase since 1-month percent changes were first published in January 2018. The price index for exports to 
China advanced 15.8 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year increase since May 2021. 
Export prices to Japan rose 5.2 percent in March, the largest 1-month advance since monthly percent 
changes were first published in January 2018. Prices for exports to Canada increased 2.9 percent in March, 
after rising 2.4 percent and 3.4 percent the 2 previous months. The price index for exports to the European 
Union advanced 4.6 percent in March and export prices to Mexico increased 3.9 percent. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China advanced 
4.5 percent in March, the largest monthly increase since 1-month percent changes were first published in 
January 2018. Rising export prices to China more than offset advancing import prices from China. The 
index for U.S. terms of trade with China rose 10.5 percent over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with 
Japan advanced 4.7 percent in March following increases of 3.3 percent and 3.8 percent the 2 previous 
months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 17.1 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance 
since May 2021. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 3.5 percent in March 
following a 0.1-percent rise in February. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico advanced 2.7 percent in March, 
after a 3.2-percent increase the previous month. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 4.2 
percent in March following a 2.3-percent decline in February. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 8.6 percent in March, after advancing 6.1 percent the previous 
month. Higher European fares, Asian fares, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the 
March increase. The index for import air passenger fares rose 11.2 percent from March 2021 to March 2022, 
the largest over-the-year advance since September 2021. Prices for import air freight increased 1.7 percent 
in March following a 9.2-percent decrease in February. Import air freight prices advanced 18.3 percent for 
the year ended in March. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 7.0 percent in March, after declining 11.2 percent in February and 
increasing 7.7 percent in January. The March advance was driven by higher Latin American/Caribbean 
fares, European fares, and Asian fares. Export air passenger fares rose 9.8 percent over the past 12 months. 
The price index for export air freight advanced 3.4 percent in March following a 6.3-percent increase the 
previous month. Export air freight prices rose 19.6 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month increase 
since a 20.5-percent advance from September 2007 to September 2008.       

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for April 2022 are scheduled for release on Friday, May 13, 2022 at 
8:30 a.m. (ET).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
All commodities		100.000	142.4	146.1	12.5	-0.4	2.0	1.6	2.6
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.393	108.9	110.2	7.1	0.5	1.2	0.7	1.2
All imports excluding petroleum		90.144	124.7	126.1	8.1	0.4	1.5	0.7	1.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.426	128.2	129.7	7.5	0.5	1.4	0.7	1.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	7.033	210.3	210.6	13.4	0.3	3.3	1.6	0.1
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	5.572	227.5	227.3	12.2	0.4	3.8	1.4	-0.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.461	172.1	174.1	17.6	-0.4	1.5	2.3	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	29.745	270.9	293.1	37.7	-2.2	4.7	4.9	8.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		19.914	224.0	233.6	25.7	1.0	3.7	2.1	4.3
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		18.885	246.9	258.5	23.6	1.7	3.4	2.3	4.7
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		12.986	241.9	257.3	20.5	1.7	3.7	2.5	6.4
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		6.902	200.9	202.1	33.4	-0.1	3.6	1.2	0.6
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.574	322.2	369.2	66.7	-7.7	7.3	10.0	14.6
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	9.856	340.0	394.7	66.5	-7.7	7.1	11.3	16.1
Crude petroleum	10000	6.840	353.1	408.1	62.0	-9.4	9.6	11.3	15.6
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.718	280.4	269.1	73.9	-8.8	11.3	-2.8	-4.0
Natural gas	10110	0.592	273.8	262.2	79.7	-10.5	14.3	-4.3	-4.2
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.487	127.5	126.9	11.8	0.1	-0.3	2.6	-0.5
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	5.697	215.1	218.1	30.5	1.7	2.9	1.7	1.4
Selected building materials	13	2.201	235.7	246.1	15.7	7.9	14.8	2.8	4.4
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	5.652	372.3	410.3	23.7	-0.1	1.9	2.9	10.2
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	3.416	218.9	228.1	28.6	1.0	1.8	2.9	4.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.718	124.8	125.4	9.5	1.2	1.1	0.2	0.5
Capital goods	2	25.527	91.6	91.9	3.4	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.3
Electric generating equipment	20	3.149	124.9	126.4	4.0	0.2	1.2	0.3	1.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.796	83.3	83.4	3.3	0.1	0.7	0.4	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	1.582	140.2	140.8	1.9	0.4	1.1	-0.7	0.4
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	12.412	115.0	115.0	3.0	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	25.283	110.1	110.3	3.0	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.857	125.3	125.3	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	11.685	95.0	95.3	4.5	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	0.741	132.5	134.9	13.7	1.9	2.8	2.2	1.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
All commodities		100.000	152.6	159.5	18.8	-1.6	2.8	3.0	4.5
Agricultural commodities		12.190	245.0	256.4	20.8	0.7	3.0	2.9	4.7
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		68.931	113.6	115.3	7.8	0.3	0.8	0.8	1.5
Nonagricultural commodities		87.810	145.6	152.2	18.5	-1.9	2.7	3.0	4.5
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	11.125	247.5	259.6	20.0	0.4	3.2	2.8	4.9
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	10.637	247.9	260.2	20.3	0.4	3.3	2.8	5.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.489	244.4	250.4	14.3	-1.0	1.2	3.7	2.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	43.169	222.2	241.2	38.2	-4.4	4.8	5.9	8.6
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.811	222.7	231.5	16.0	-0.6	1.7	2.2	4.0
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		32.358	218.7	240.6	47.3	-5.8	6.0	7.1	10.0
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.523	235.1	241.3	23.9	2.5	1.0	3.4	2.6
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		41.646	221.9	241.3	38.8	-4.6	5.0	5.9	8.7
Fuels & lubricants	11	19.944	282.8	324.6	75.4	-10.8	10.1	11.6	14.8
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	20.800	206.7	213.0	14.7	0.1	1.0	1.2	3.0
Selected building materials	13	0.902	162.2	173.2	20.6	-0.1	1.3	2.6	6.8
Capital goods	2	28.135	116.8	117.4	4.5	0.3	0.8	0.4	0.5
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.139	130.3	130.7	8.7	0.5	1.4	0.3	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	20.416	98.9	99.5	4.6	0.3	0.7	0.5	0.6
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	4.579	193.8	194.6	2.7	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.4
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	7.356	117.8	118.7	3.1	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.8
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	10.214	115.3	116.2	4.9	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.8
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.450	110.3	110.5	1.1	0.1	0.5	-0.2	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	3.856	111.6	112.3	4.0	0.1	1.4	0.3	0.6
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	0.908	120.1	126.1	32.0	2.7	3.5	8.0	5.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2021 to March 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		10.039	166.7	183.2	51.7	-7.2	8.9	7.8	9.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	2.336	222.6	219.4	18.0	0.5	7.4	2.5	-1.4
Crop production	111	1.915	234.9	229.2	16.5	0.8	8.9	1.1	-2.4
Mining	21	7.703	166.5	188.9	63.4	-9.2	9.4	9.5	13.5
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.439	166.2	189.3	64.5	-9.7	9.8	9.8	13.9
Manufacturing		89.591	123.2	125.3	9.1	0.3	1.3	1.1	1.7
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.096	136.8	137.5	7.4	0.3	0.8	0.7	0.5
Food manufacturing	311	4.123	184.1	186.3	15.3	0.1	1.6	1.5	1.2
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.073	133.0	133.9	1.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.4	0.7
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.403	125.2	127.5	24.3	5.1	2.8	0.5	1.8
Textile product mills	314	1.486	112.4	111.8	4.3	0.5	0.5	-0.2	-0.5
Apparel manufacturing	315	2.849	115.7	115.7	2.4	0.2	0.8	0.1	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.161	127.8	128.0	3.3	0.5	-1.1	0.5	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	20.940	151.8	157.0	19.0	0.6	2.7	2.2	3.4
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2019=100)	321	1.506	217.2	234.7	21.8	13.1	25.5	2.9	8.1
Paper manufacturing	322	0.950	118.3	117.8	7.7	0.1	-0.2	2.2	-0.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.668	142.1	168.1	77.5	-3.5	2.1	11.1	18.3
Chemical manufacturing	325	12.288	160.0	161.1	13.1	0.7	1.4	0.9	0.7
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.447	130.2	130.7	5.7	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.917	139.6	139.8	5.9	0.9	0.3	0.7	0.1
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.555	112.0	113.6	6.3	0.3	1.0	0.6	1.4
Primary metal manufacturing	331	7.299	244.6	265.4	23.6	0.1	2.2	3.5	8.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.157	149.2	151.7	14.8	0.7	1.6	0.6	1.7
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.704	125.5	126.0	4.0	0.2	1.0	0.3	0.4
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	15.736	73.6	73.7	2.5	-0.3	0.4	0.3	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.236	124.6	125.1	6.2	0.7	1.5	0.1	0.4
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	12.888	114.0	114.1	2.8	0.1	0.8	0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.802	126.5	126.5	8.5	2.1	0.5	1.9	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.734	123.3	124.5	3.6	1.2	0.9	-0.2	1.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: March 2021 to March 2022 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Nonmanufacturing		19.560	214.0	235.1	55.4	-6.6	7.4	8.4	9.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	6.809	224.8	241.2	26.0	1.2	4.4	4.9	7.3
Crop production	111	6.424	237.5	255.3	26.8	1.3	4.7	4.9	7.5
Mining	21	12.751	137.7	153.1	76.8	-10.8	9.2	10.3	11.2
Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100)	211	11.380	123.9	137.6	-	-	11.3	11.3	11.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.370	154.2	173.4	72.0	1.2	-4.7	2.3	12.5
Manufacturing		78.453	133.0	137.2	12.6	-0.5	1.8	1.8	3.2
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.881	169.8	172.2	13.7	0.1	1.7	0.9	1.4
Food manufacturing	311	5.189	199.3	201.4	16.5	-0.2	1.6	0.9	1.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.528	138.9	148.3	6.8	1.3	0.5	0.9	6.8
Manufacturing, part 2	32	26.337	142.3	152.6	24.9	-2.3	3.2	3.7	7.2
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.510	138.1	157.8	30.8	0.2	0.7	0.5	14.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.532	142.4	143.6	15.6	0.4	1.8	2.0	0.8
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	7.374	161.0	194.8	74.6	-9.9	11.6	13.6	21.0
Chemical manufacturing	325	14.085	140.5	142.8	9.3	0.6	0.4	-0.1	1.6
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.003	127.8	130.0	11.2	0.6	0.4	0.4	1.7
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.680	128.0	129.7	5.7	-1.2	0.5	5.9	1.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	45.236	124.8	126.1	6.3	0.2	1.1	0.7	1.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.418	223.1	233.4	20.4	-0.5	2.5	2.6	4.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.476	166.9	167.6	8.5	0.7	3.0	0.4	0.4
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.948	138.7	139.8	6.5	0.4	1.0	0.4	0.8
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	11.897	84.1	84.4	3.4	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.4
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.158	127.7	128.1	8.0	0.4	2.1	0.5	0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	10.966	134.8	135.6	2.8	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	4.070	129.2	131.5	9.2	0.8	1.1	2.1	1.8
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	1.576	242.5	247.2	20.8	-0.3	0.8	4.2	1.9
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.472	351.3	354.1	17.5	-1.4	-0.3	4.2	0.8
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.821	171.5	174.9	25.8	-0.2	2.8	3.9	2.0
Vegetable products	II	2.319	256.6	250.4	14.7	0.5	9.3	1.1	-2.4
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.440	438.0	432.0	9.8	-7.3	25.6	-8.9	-1.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.911	138.0	130.0	6.0	5.1	7.9	5.8	-5.8
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.437	310.2	309.1	33.9	2.9	1.2	2.9	-0.4
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.436	152.8	161.2	38.1	0.0	-0.3	3.4	5.5
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.138	182.9	183.5	6.4	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.3
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2021=100)	17	0.207	102.2	103.2	-	-	2.3	-0.1	1.0
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.201	103.4	102.5	2.8	-0.6	2.2	1.4	-0.9
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.046	145.6	146.6	1.7	-0.5	-1.0	0.4	0.7
Mineral products	V	10.533	328.6	376.4	68.2	-7.3	7.4	9.8	14.5
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.170	322.8	371.3	68.9	-7.7	7.7	10.2	15.0
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.395	177.9	179.2	11.4	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.7
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.749	531.3	537.4	56.6	9.4	3.0	1.5	1.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.634	148.9	149.3	13.1	0.8	1.4	0.1	0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	5.327	150.8	150.8	-1.2	0.1	-0.5	0.3	0.0
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.808	116.0	116.6	7.7	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.766	159.5	159.7	5.9	0.4	0.7	-0.1	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.650	164.9	165.1	8.8	0.2	1.0	-0.2	0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.116	151.6	151.7	0.1	0.9	0.1	0.1	0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.413	141.2	142.1	7.7	0.8	0.9	0.4	0.6
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.566	322.1	346.2	24.1	12.7	26.4	3.4	7.5
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2019=100)	44	1.531	226.7	244.0	24.8	13.1	27.2	3.5	7.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	0.939	125.7	125.2	9.6	0.5	0.2	3.4	-0.4
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.637	118.1	117.5	11.4	0.4	3.0	5.4	-0.5
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.595	120.0	119.8	4.4	0.6	1.1	0.1	-0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.258	124.2	124.2	1.7	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	1.226	106.4	105.5	5.2	0.2	0.5	-0.3	-0.8
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.007	125.9	126.3	2.1	0.5	-1.6	0.4	0.3
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	0.830	123.8	123.7	1.4	0.5	-2.1	0.5	-0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.790	133.1	133.2	1.6	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.1
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2020=100)	68	0.292	100.5	100.5	2.6	0.1	0.1	1.1	0.0
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)	70	0.273	100.9	100.9	-	-	-0.3	1.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.693	238.1	254.0	4.3	-0.3	1.8	3.3	6.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	6.118	244.0	260.0	31.2	1.5	2.6	1.4	6.6
Iron and steel	72	1.132	315.1	350.8	39.6	1.3	1.3	-0.5	11.3
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.876	206.0	209.7	33.6	2.2	3.9	0.6	1.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.526	419.7	438.8	8.5	0.4	1.8	0.5	4.6
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	1.152	206.0	224.8	42.6	1.2	2.7	4.0	9.1
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.408	127.5	127.8	3.5	-0.1	-0.1	0.5	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.516	147.4	147.8	7.6	0.1	1.0	0.3	0.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.877	81.9	82.1	3.4	0.0	0.6	0.2	0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.332	88.4	88.5	3.6	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.1
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	13.545	75.8	76.1	3.1	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	10.865	118.5	118.5	2.6	0.1	0.9	0.2	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	10.093	117.8	117.8	2.7	0.0	0.9	0.2	0.0
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2020=100)	88	0.682	101.7	102.4	1.7	0.0	0.8	0.0	0.7
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.691	103.3	103.4	0.9	0.1	0.9	0.2	0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.477	99.2	99.3	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.168	117.6	118.2	6.0	1.1	0.5	0.9	0.5
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.542	126.3	126.3	7.0	1.6	0.5	1.3	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.365	103.0	104.5	3.7	0.2	0.3	0.0	1.5
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.261	137.2	137.2	7.4	1.5	2.3	2.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
			Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
					Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Live animals; animal products	I	2.321	281.1	282.1	20.4	-0.5	0.5	1.1	0.4
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.483	230.1	229.2	19.7	-1.6	0.0	1.1	-0.4
Vegetable products	II	6.221	286.6	310.7	23.8	1.1	5.0	4.3	8.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.948	143.6	145.0	-1.0	0.6	-1.3	-3.0	1.0
Cereals	10	1.850	315.3	367.4	42.5	1.2	1.9	2.1	16.5
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	2.864	314.6	334.6	19.0	1.6	9.6	9.2	6.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.912	176.5	181.1	9.2	-0.1	2.5	0.5	2.6
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.575	105.3	105.1	4.1	0.1	1.5	0.4	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.471	110.1	110.1	0.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.889	309.9	326.9	15.0	-0.2	5.2	1.3	5.5
Mineral products	V	20.141	343.1	393.9	75.6	-10.2	10.0	11.5	14.8
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.599	146.8	150.0	28.8	-1.7	0.8	1.5	2.2
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	19.368	330.2	380.8	77.9	-10.7	10.4	11.9	15.3
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	11.452	161.5	163.6	12.3	0.4	1.3	0.5	1.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.723	190.7	196.6	16.7	-0.2	-0.3	2.4	3.1
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.164	108.0	108.0	-2.3	-0.2	0.3	-0.6	0.0
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.793	139.9	140.8	8.3	0.2	2.0	-0.2	0.6
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.427	131.3	131.6	4.7	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	2.225	189.9	188.0	16.4	-0.5	2.8	0.1	-1.0
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.157	172.6	177.3	7.3	0.9	-1.3	-0.5	2.7
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.441	172.9	178.4	7.1	1.1	-1.4	-0.6	3.2
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.716	164.8	164.8	7.7	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.613	133.6	148.1	26.5	0.4	0.9	1.2	10.9
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.804	149.0	150.8	15.9	-0.1	1.0	2.3	1.2
Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec. 2019=100)	47	0.673	172.2	177.3	27.3	-0.6	-0.7	4.2	3.0
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.924	140.7	140.8	11.8	0.1	2.6	1.5	0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.694	150.2	149.8	18.9	1.6	2.8	2.7	-0.3
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.696	191.7	189.3	37.1	2.8	4.6	5.2	-1.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.655	140.3	140.7	4.9	-0.5	1.3	5.8	0.3
Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)	70	0.384	104.1	104.7	5.2	-0.1	0.0	5.3	0.6
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.996	325.6	347.3	12.0	0.4	0.1	4.9	6.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.756	221.1	227.0	19.8	-1.3	3.8	1.9	2.7
Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)	72	1.392	181.7	192.2	40.4	0.4	4.6	2.8	5.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.592	283.9	290.1	15.3	-1.5	4.8	0.8	2.2
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.849	158.5	163.8	22.7	-8.5	2.8	3.9	3.3
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	23.285	102.3	103.0	4.7	0.2	1.0	0.4	0.7
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	13.419	122.2	123.4	5.5	0.3	1.0	0.4	1.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	9.867	81.0	81.3	3.7	0.1	0.9	0.4	0.4
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	8.132	144.0	145.1	4.0	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.8
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	6.103	121.0	121.9	3.8	0.2	0.5	0.2	0.7
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.119	112.7	113.0	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.6	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.051	123.8	124.6	6.9	0.3	1.9	0.0	0.6
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.559	143.1	143.1	3.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.352	98.9	98.9	11.1	0.0	4.8	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	149.0	154.5	13.9	-1.0	2.9	2.5	3.7
Nonmanufacturing	13.357	297.0	331.8	62.7	-10.6	9.2	10.2	11.7
Manufacturing	85.764	137.1	140.2	8.4	0.2	2.3	1.4	2.3
Canada	100.000	193.2	207.4	31.1	-3.0	6.4	4.7	7.3
Nonmanufacturing	34.615	295.7	331.4	64.9	-11.2	9.8	10.4	12.1
Manufacturing	64.233	168.7	176.3	18.0	0.6	5.2	1.9	4.5
European Union	100.000	150.0	151.6	5.4	0.1	0.9	1.3	1.1
Manufacturing	98.665	145.3	146.8	5.2	0.0	0.8	1.3	1.0
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	139.8	142.4	6.6	-0.1	0.6	1.0	1.9
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.1	121.9	3.1	0.1	0.8	0.8	0.7
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	134.2	137.7	5.7	0.4	1.6	0.8	2.6
Latin America(3)	100.000	167.3	170.9	13.3	-0.4	2.3	1.0	2.2
Nonmanufacturing	16.959	339.9	363.3	37.5	-4.6	8.2	4.2	6.9
Manufacturing	82.767	133.5	135.1	9.3	0.2	1.2	0.5	1.2
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	140.0	141.6	8.6	-0.7	2.1	1.0	1.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	11.082	178.4	191.2	29.9	-9.3	14.0	7.4	7.2
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	88.650	94.5	94.9	6.3	0.0	1.0	0.2	0.4
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	104.1	104.8	5.4	0.5	0.8	0.3	0.7
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	104.1	104.6	4.8	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.5
Japan	100.000	99.2	99.6	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.4
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	109.2	110.2	9.7	0.4	1.4	0.6	0.9
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	97.3	99.7	11.9	-0.3	1.8	1.0	2.5
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	102.7	104.2	5.4	0.2	0.3	0.6	1.5
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	226.4	247.9	35.9	-1.3	4.0	3.1	9.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: March 2021 to March 2022 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	119.8	123.8	14.7	-1.0	2.5	2.1	3.3
Nonmanufacturing	16.376	160.1	179.4	52.9	-5.8	8.9	8.6	12.1
Manufacturing	81.883	114.7	116.5	9.2	-0.3	1.4	0.9	1.6
Canada	100.000	125.9	129.5	16.9	-1.2	3.4	2.4	2.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	12.558	165.9	178.1	46.6	-6.8	9.5	10.2	7.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)	86.008	115.2	117.7	13.5	-0.5	2.7	1.3	2.2
European Union	100.000	117.7	123.1	13.0	-0.9	3.1	1.4	4.6
Nonmanufacturing	20.197	154.5	178.6	56.1	-4.0	8.9	6.6	15.6
Manufacturing	78.117	111.1	113.0	5.4	-0.3	1.7	0.2	1.7
Germany	100.000	110.3	112.1	3.1	0.0	2.1	0.6	1.6
Latin America(3)	100.000	131.7	139.9	26.7	-2.8	4.5	4.4	6.2
Nonmanufacturing	13.024	206.7	217.1	53.6	-6.9	6.3	11.6	5.0
Manufacturing	86.437	125.4	133.4	23.6	-2.4	4.2	3.5	6.4
Mexico	100.000	130.8	135.9	24.5	-2.7	3.1	4.2	3.9
Nonmanufacturing	11.243	193.4	192.4	49.3	-12.1	1.2	21.5	-0.5
Manufacturing	88.362	126.3	131.9	22.1	-1.7	3.4	2.4	4.4
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	118.9	123.2	15.4	-1.0	1.7	2.5	3.6
Nonmanufacturing	26.745	148.7	163.9	48.9	-2.3	3.6	6.2	10.2
Manufacturing	70.859	111.3	112.5	6.9	-0.5	0.9	1.1	1.1
China	100.000	116.6	122.4	15.8	-1.0	2.4	2.8	5.0
Nonmanufacturing	35.367	134.3	151.3	37.3	-0.9	6.0	8.4	12.7
Manufacturing	62.937	111.0	111.8	5.3	-0.9	0.6	-0.1	0.7
Japan	100.000	121.7	128.0	19.3	-1.6	4.0	3.3	5.2
Nonmanufacturing	31.130	159.1	182.5	56.1	-3.5	11.0	7.4	14.7
Manufacturing	67.208	109.5	110.3	7.6	-0.8	1.1	1.1	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: March 2021 to March 2022(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
			Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Industrialized Countries(2)	98.4	98.1	0.7	-0.1	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3
Canada	85.6	82.0	-10.9	1.8	-2.7	-2.3	-4.2
European Union	105.6	109.3	7.3	-1.0	2.2	0.1	3.5
Germany	104.8	105.8	0.0	-0.1	1.3	-0.2	1.0
Latin America(3)	117.2	121.9	11.9	-2.4	2.2	3.4	4.0
Mexico	120.5	123.8	14.6	-2.0	1.0	3.2	2.7
Pacific Rim(4)	112.4	115.7	9.5	-1.4	0.9	2.2	2.9
China	112.1	117.1	10.5	-1.7	2.0	2.6	4.5
Japan	117.2	122.7	17.1	-1.5	3.8	3.3	4.7
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: March 2021 to March 2022 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Feb. 2022(1)	Index		Percent change
		Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022	Annual	Monthly
				Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2022	Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2021	Dec. 2021 to Jan. 2022	Jan. 2022 to Feb. 2022	Feb. 2022 to Mar. 2022
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	348.5	354.3	18.3	-11.5	6.3	-9.2	1.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.501	293.1	296.2	19.0	5.4	-8.2	0.9	1.1
Asia	74.499	345.4	351.9	14.6	-17.0	11.5	-12.2	1.9
Export Air Freight	100.000	197.5	204.2	19.6	4.7	1.7	6.3	3.4
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	29.371	169.4	170.4	12.3	7.1	-1.7	9.0	0.6
Asia (Dec. 2011=100)	48.918	151.2	160.7	29.3	7.4	0.7	6.9	6.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	269.5	266.5	14.9	-4.1	6.8	-8.8	-1.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.385	204.0	205.6	17.4	3.4	-3.8	1.2	0.8
Asia	67.155	274.8	272.0	14.6	-6.4	10.4	-11.8	-1.0
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	205.1	208.4	27.1	5.6	5.4	-8.0	1.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	29.274	191.9	191.4	11.0	10.1	-6.2	13.6	-0.3
Asia	53.284	225.0	231.8	40.6	5.6	9.6	-18.9	3.0
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	149.4	162.2	11.2	5.1	-19.4	6.1	8.6
Europe	38.331	165.8	181.2	26.2	-6.0	-6.4	2.8	9.3
Asia	20.435	156.6	168.9	2.2	12.4	-23.2	19.4	7.9
Latin America/Caribbean	11.439	109.8	124.5	26.0	33.1	-34.2	3.6	13.4
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	164.1	175.6	9.8	2.3	7.7	-11.2	7.0
Europe	26.316	193.0	207.3	10.2	1.1	-0.2	-5.8	7.4
Asia	28.182	212.9	217.7	16.7	3.9	10.7	2.2	2.3
Latin America/Caribbean	27.093	134.6	150.7	18.3	6.7	18.6	-26.1	12.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2020 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   

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