Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                              USDL-19-1598
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 13, 2019

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                         U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - AUGUST 2019

U.S. import prices decreased 0.5 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, after 
rising 0.1 percent the previous month. The August decline was driven by a drop in fuel prices; prices for 
nonfuel goods were unchanged. Prices for U.S. exports fell 0.6 percent in August following a 0.2-percent 
increase in July.


Imports

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.5 percent in August following a 0.1-percent increase in July and a 1.1-percent 
decline in June. With the exception of the August and June decreases, U.S. import prices advanced in each 
month of 2019. Despite the increases, the price index for U.S. imports declined 2.0 percent from August 
2018 to August 2019. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 4.3 percent in August, after rising 0.7 percent the previous 
month. Prices for import fuel fell 11.1 percent over the past 3 months. In August, lower petroleum prices 
more than offset higher prices for natural gas. The price index for import petroleum declined 4.8 percent, 
after increasing 0.9 percent the previous month. Fuel prices decreased 8.7 percent over the past 12 months; 
prices for import petroleum fell 9.6 percent over the same period. The price index for natural gas imports 
rose 16.0 percent in August, after declines in each of the previous 4 months. Despite the August increase, 
natural gas prices fell 6.1 percent over the past year.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports were unchanged for the second consecutive month 
in August following 0.3-percent decreases in both June and May. In August, lower prices for foods, feeds, 
and beverages and nonfuel industrial supplies and materials were offset by price increases for automotive 
vehicles and consumer goods. Prices for nonfuel imports declined 1.0 percent over the past 12 months, led 
by price decreases for industrial supplies and materials and capital goods.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 
0.3 percent in August, after ticking up 0.1 percent in July. The August drop was driven by decreases in 
prices for chemicals, textiles, and lumber, which more than offset higher unfinished metals prices.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in August. Consumer goods prices ticked up 0.1 
percent following a 0.2-percent advance in July. Prices for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent 
following a 0.2-percent drop the previous month. The price index for capital goods was unchanged for the 
second consecutive month in August. Lower computer accessories, peripherals, and semiconductors prices 
offset higher prices for telecommunications equipment.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import foods, feeds, and beverages prices fell 0.3 percent in August, after a 
0.5-percent drop in July. The August decrease was driven by a 9.4-percent decline in fruit prices.

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
August	-0.4	-2.1	-0.2	-0.1	0.4	-0.2
September	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-1.3	0.2
October	0.5	3.3	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.5
November	-1.6	-12.2	-0.2	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.4	-13.3	0.0	-0.6	3.8	-1.1
2019
January	0.2	4.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.4
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	(r)3.6	-0.3	-0.3	(r)-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	(r)-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	(r)2.4	(r)-0.9
July	(r)0.1	(r)0.7	(r)0.0	0.2	(r)0.2	0.2
August	-0.5	-4.3	0.0	-0.6	-2.5	-0.4
Aug. 2017 to 2018	3.8	32.7	0.9	3.6	-1.5	4.1
Aug. 2018 to 2019	-2.0	-8.7	-1.0	-1.4	0.5	-1.6
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.6 percent in August, after a 0.2-percent rise the previous month. The 
decline was driven by price decreases for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports. The price index for 
U.S. exports also fell on a 12-month basis in August, declining 1.4 percent from August 2018 to August 
2019. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 2.5 percent in August, after 
increases of 0.2 percent in July and 2.4 percent in June. The decrease in August was the largest monthly 
decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in July 2018. Lower prices for vegetables, corn, soybeans, cotton, 
meat, and wheat all contributed to the decline. Despite the monthly drop, prices for agricultural exports rose 
0.5 percent over the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 0.4 percent in August following a 
0.2-percent increase in July. The August decrease was driven by price declines for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials and automotive vehicles. The price indexes for consumer goods and capital goods 
both were unchanged in August. Prices for nonagricultural exports fell 1.6 percent for the year ended in 
August; lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials more than offset price increases 
for finished goods over the 12-month period.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
decreased 1.1 percent in August, after rising 0.8 percent the previous month. A 3.5-percent drop in export 
fuel prices drove the monthly decline, more than offsetting higher nonferrous metals prices.

Finished Goods: Export finished goods prices were mostly unchanged in August. Automotive vehicles 
prices fell 0.2 percent led by lower prices for nonengine parts and accessories. Prices for capital goods were 
unchanged for the month. Lower electrical generating equipment prices were offset by price increases for 
transportation equipment. The price index for consumer goods also was unchanged in August.


Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent in August following 
decreases of 0.2 percent in both July and June. Import prices from China have not advanced on a monthly 
basis since ticking up 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China fell 1.6 percent for 
the year ended in August. Import prices from Japan increased 0.2 percent in August, after being unchanged 
for each of the previous 4 months. The last time the index rose more than 0.2 percent was a 0.5-percent 
advance in January 2018. Prices for imports from Japan increased 0.2 percent over the past year. Import 
prices from the European Union fell 0.2 percent in August and 0.3 percent over the past 12 months. The 
price index for imports from Mexico declined 0.1 percent in August, after a 0.2-percent rise in July. Import 
prices from Canada fell 1.4 percent in August, after decreasing 4.8 percent for the 3 months ended in July. 
Despite the drops, prices for imports from Canada rose 1.1 percent over the past year. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China declined 1.6 percent in August, after advancing 
0.2 percent in July. Prices for exports to China fell 3.1 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to 
Japan decreased 0.6 percent in August, after increasing 1.0 percent in July and ticking up 0.1 percent in 
June. Export prices to the European Union declined 0.2 percent in August following a 0.8-percent increase 
the previous month. The price indexes for exports to Canada and Mexico each decreased 0.8 percent in 
August. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 
decreased 1.5 percent in August, the largest decline since the index fell 1.7 percent in September 2018. 
Lower export prices to China drove the monthly decrease in August. U.S. terms of trade with China dropped 
1.5 percent over the past 12 months. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.8 percent in August 
following a 0.9-percent increase the previous month. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.5 percent from 
August 2018 to August 2019. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union was unchanged in 
August, after advancing 0.6 percent in July. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico declined 0.7 percent in 
August and 1.9 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 0.6 percent in August and 
declined 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 9.)


Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 8.2 percent in August following a 9.9-percent drop in July and a 
6.7-percent advance in June. In August, lower European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all 
contributed to the monthly decline. Import air passenger fares decreased 6.1 percent from August 2018 to 
August 2019. The price index for import air freight declined 0.7 percent in August, after dropping 2.5 
percent the previous month. Import air freight prices fell 7.6 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares decreased 3.1 percent in August following a 3.3-percent rise in July. 
Lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset higher Asian fares in August. The 
index for export air passenger fares fell 0.8 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices 
declined 1.2 percent in August, the largest monthly drop since the index decreased 6.2 percent in December 
2017. Despite the August decline, prices for export air freight rose 0.4 percent over the past year.

Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Friday, October 11, 2019 at 
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.7	125.1	-2.0	0.2	-1.1	0.1	-0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.299	99.2	99.2	-1.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	0.0
All imports excluding petroleum		89.605	112.0	112.0	-1.0	-0.3	-0.4	0.0	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.294	116.2	116.2	-1.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.994	179.0	178.4	1.2	-0.8	-1.5	-0.5	-0.3
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.660	195.9	193.9	1.0	-0.9	-1.8	-0.6	-1.0
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.334	141.1	143.8	2.0	-0.4	0.0	-0.3	1.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.561	189.9	186.0	-5.9	1.0	-3.9	0.4	-2.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.311	151.5	151.7	-3.3	-1.0	-1.2	-0.1	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.856	174.1	173.6	-3.2	-1.0	-0.7	0.1	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.737	165.6	165.8	-2.5	-1.3	-0.5	0.6	0.1
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.429	134.3	134.3	-4.3	-0.6	-2.3	-1.0	0.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.706	216.9	207.6	-8.7	3.6	-7.8	0.7	-4.3
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	10.395	238.7	227.3	-9.6	3.8	-7.5	0.9	-4.8
Crude	10000	7.500	246.7	233.6	-11.4	3.7	-8.4	0.0	-5.3
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.312	71.4	80.7	-8.2	-1.3	-16.7	-4.0	13.0
Gas-natural	10110	0.224	55.6	64.5	-6.1	-1.9	-22.1	-2.6	16.0
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.555	116.6	115.8	-5.3	-2.6	-0.1	-3.1	-0.7
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.563	156.7	155.0	-4.4	-0.3	-1.0	-0.4	-1.1
Selected building materials	13	1.490	143.0	141.2	-9.1	-1.6	0.6	0.9	-1.3
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.738	230.7	232.5	-0.6	-1.8	-1.3	0.8	0.8
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.763	157.4	157.6	-2.0	-0.7	-0.5	0.3	0.1
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.747	113.1	113.2	-1.0	-0.3	0.0	0.2	0.1
Capital goods	2	27.771	88.3	88.3	-1.1	0.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.432	119.8	119.8	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.048	80.3	80.2	-1.8	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.291	136.5	137.0	1.7	0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.4
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.647	109.7	109.8	-0.5	0.0	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.027	107.0	107.1	-0.4	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.428	123.7	123.9	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.4	0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	12.341	91.4	91.5	-1.2	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.257	116.7	116.5	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
All commodities		100.000	126.3	125.5	-1.4	-0.3	-0.6	0.2	-0.6
Agricultural commodities		9.703	180.8	176.3	0.5	-1.1	2.4	0.2	-2.5
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.344	101.4	101.4	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Nonagricultural commodities		90.297	122.1	121.6	-1.6	-0.2	-0.9	0.2	-0.4
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	9.026	184.3	180.2	1.6	-1.1	2.9	0.2	-2.2
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.420	182.9	178.4	1.8	-1.0	3.1	0.2	-2.5
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.605	212.5	215.4	0.5	-2.3	-0.7	0.5	1.4
Industrial supplies & materials	1	32.217	155.5	153.7	-5.8	-0.6	-2.6	0.8	-1.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.334	166.1	167.6	2.8	-0.8	-0.3	0.9	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.883	150.9	147.8	-9.5	-0.6	-3.6	0.7	-2.1
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.253	173.0	168.6	-7.5	-1.6	-1.6	-0.2	-2.5
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.964	155.0	153.3	-5.7	-0.6	-2.6	0.8	-1.1
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.630	184.3	177.8	-14.3	-1.0	-6.7	2.3	-3.5
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.358	157.4	157.7	-1.1	-0.3	-0.4	0.1	0.2
Selected building materials	13	0.977	119.7	118.2	-4.4	-0.6	-0.9	-1.2	-1.3
Capital goods	2	36.019	110.6	110.6	0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.770	118.0	117.7	-0.2	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.506	94.5	94.5	-0.5	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.742	182.7	182.9	3.5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.196	114.6	114.4	0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.543	110.6	110.6	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.954	108.3	108.1	1.6	0.0	-0.2	0.6	-0.2
Durables, manufactured	41	5.155	107.4	107.7	0.1	0.0	0.7	-0.4	0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.434	99.0	99.0	-	-0.3	-0.4	0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2018 to August 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		10.007	116.5	111.6	-5.5	2.4	-7.5	-0.3	-4.2
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.915	179.4	174.6	3.6	-2.1	-3.4	-0.7	-2.7
Crop production	111	1.556	193.1	186.8	5.2	-1.4	-3.7	-1.1	-3.3
Mining	21	8.092	110.3	105.2	-7.5	3.4	-8.5	-0.1	-4.6
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.844	110.1	104.7	-8.2	3.5	-8.7	-0.1	-4.9
Manufacturing		89.692	111.1	111.0	-1.2	0.0	-0.4	0.1	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.160	124.9	125.3	0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	3.362	154.3	154.7	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.8	0.3
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.123	123.0	125.9	3.3	-0.6	-0.1	0.1	2.4
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.370	100.9	99.8	-0.2	-1.1	-0.3	1.8	-1.1
Textile product mills	314	0.926	108.3	108.0	-1.5	0.6	-0.3	-0.7	-0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.747	112.4	112.4	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.633	123.4	123.5	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.567	126.5	125.5	-3.0	0.5	-1.1	0.6	-0.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.026	111.2	110.7	-4.5	-2.1	-0.1	-1.7	-0.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.666	104.5	100.6	-4.2	4.2	-4.9	4.1	-3.7
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.550	138.9	138.6	-2.1	0.1	-0.6	0.1	-0.2
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.258	118.8	118.9	-0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.032	130.8	131.0	-0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.3	0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	60.965	103.5	103.6	-0.9	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.340	154.7	155.4	0.2	-1.6	-1.3	0.7	0.5
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.103	126.3	126.6	-0.9	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.298	119.0	119.0	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.186	72.5	72.4	-3.3	-0.1	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.167	117.8	117.8	1.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.633	109.0	109.1	-0.3	0.0	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.867	116.8	116.5	-0.9	0.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.370	118.2	118.4	0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2018 to August 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		9.052	133.0	128.3	-7.4	-2.6	-0.4	0.2	-3.5
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.867	153.4	146.7	-2.1	-2.4	4.0	0.0	-4.4
Crop production	111	4.529	160.7	153.2	-1.9	-2.5	4.5	-0.1	-4.7
Mining	21	4.185	83.9	81.8	-14.1	-2.9	-5.1	0.2	-2.5
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.294	113.5	113.8	0.7	-0.3	-2.2	-1.2	0.3
Manufacturing		89.750	117.0	116.6	-0.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.3	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.817	141.7	141.1	1.4	0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.4
Food manufacturing	311	4.661	159.9	159.0	1.7	0.4	0.6	0.4	-0.6
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.659	123.4	123.5	3.2	-1.5	0.4	0.8	0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.257	115.5	114.0	-4.7	0.1	-2.4	0.8	-1.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.518	97.0	94.7	-8.4	-1.1	-1.5	-0.8	-2.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.673	124.2	122.4	-7.2	-0.6	-0.5	-1.6	-1.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.330	111.7	107.5	-12.5	0.5	-7.9	3.5	-3.8
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.391	118.9	118.3	-1.5	0.1	-0.5	0.0	-0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.275	116.8	116.9	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.844	117.7	117.7	0.8	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.677	115.1	115.3	1.1	-0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.107	149.6	153.5	8.3	-1.5	0.5	2.3	2.6
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	2.993	148.1	148.4	5.2	0.1	0.6	0.3	0.2
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.546	129.8	130.0	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.759	81.7	81.6	-2.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.810	118.2	117.9	-0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.709	129.1	129.0	1.5	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.396	122.3	122.5	1.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.357	120.2	121.0	0.5	-0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.7
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.388	195.1	196.3	1.4	-0.9	-0.6	-0.5	0.6
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.376	261.0	265.8	8.0	0.0	0.1	-1.8	1.8
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.733	139.9	140.9	1.2	-0.8	-0.2	0.0	0.7
Vegetable products	II	1.876	212.2	206.5	4.6	-1.2	-3.8	-1.3	-2.7
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.434	466.9	497.9	37.3	-13.9	0.5	-7.9	6.6
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.688	126.9	114.4	-3.1	8.5	-11.0	1.9	-9.9
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.317	197.6	193.5	-7.4	-2.6	1.6	-0.1	-2.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.223	84.3	86.5	-11.6	-3.0	-1.9	0.5	2.6
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.832	165.3	166.7	0.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	0.8
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.226	98.4	96.6	0.1	-0.5	1.2	0.6	-1.8
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.363	170.7	171.2	-1.0	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.076	133.0	136.3	3.3	-0.7	-0.1	0.1	2.5
Mineral products	V	10.684	216.8	208.0	-8.7	3.5	-7.6	0.6	-4.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.374	214.1	205.1	-9.1	3.6	-7.8	0.7	-4.2
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	8.913	156.8	156.6	-1.7	0.1	-0.6	0.4	-0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.509	290.1	280.3	-11.1	-1.5	-5.0	-0.5	-3.4
Organic chemicals	29	2.024	127.2	126.4	-5.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.6
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.387	154.4	154.7	0.8	0.1	-0.3	1.4	0.2
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.261	79.3	79.1	-5.7	2.5	-3.0	-6.9	-0.3
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.603	103.9	103.4	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.5	-0.5
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.585	103.6	103.3	-3.4	-0.2	0.0	0.4	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.474	140.3	139.9	-1.2	0.1	0.1	-0.4	-0.3
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.323	143.1	142.7	-1.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.3	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.151	137.0	136.4	-0.4	0.6	0.5	-0.7	-0.4
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.616	123.9	123.9	-1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.6	0.0
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.588	130.5	130.4	-0.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.853	146.0	142.2	-15.7	-2.5	1.0	1.7	-2.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.078	117.6	117.0	-3.6	-1.4	0.0	-2.0	-0.5
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.726	110.0	109.7	-1.6	-0.3	-0.1	-0.9	-0.3
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.886	114.7	114.3	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.4	-0.3
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.984	105.5	105.6	1.5	0.0	-0.1	0.9	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.632	120.3	120.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.1
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.640	102.4	101.7	-2.5	0.1	-0.1	-1.2	-0.7
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.361	122.7	122.8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.130	121.6	121.8	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.945	131.7	132.2	0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.4
Ceramic products	69	0.266	135.7	135.7	0.4	0.1	0.1	-0.7	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.788	182.8	185.5	10.1	-0.8	0.7	2.9	1.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.762	173.0	173.2	-4.4	-1.1	-1.4	-0.6	0.1
Iron and steel	72	1.307	211.5	211.7	-8.2	-1.4	-1.6	-2.2	0.1
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.710	149.1	150.3	-1.5	-0.3	-0.3	-0.5	0.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.435	274.9	269.8	-3.5	-2.5	-5.0	1.3	-1.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.991	130.2	128.2	-8.0	-1.6	-1.3	-0.3	-1.5
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.442	123.7	123.6	0.6	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.517	136.2	136.1	-0.8	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	29.966	79.3	79.3	-1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.886	85.5	85.5	-1.5	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.080	73.6	73.5	-1.2	-0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.867	113.3	113.5	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.696	112.4	112.6	-0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.2
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.058	113.0	113.2	-1.8	-0.2	-0.7	-0.6	0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.981	101.7	101.7	-0.5	-0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.710	98.2	98.2	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.210	143.0	143.0	0.8	-0.3	-0.1	0.8	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.429	111.9	111.9	-0.7	0.0	-0.2	-0.3	0.0
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.788	118.1	118.0	-0.4	0.0	-0.3	-0.2	-0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.371	101.5	101.8	-1.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.6	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.270	128.7	128.7	-0.6	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.998	217.7	216.1	4.1	2.0	1.1	-0.1	-0.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.196	173.0	169.9	4.5	3.6	1.9	0.2	-1.8
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.395	116.7	118.9	0.6	-2.8	-0.9	0.5	1.9
Vegetable products	II	4.582	199.4	190.4	1.1	-2.1	5.2	0.2	-4.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.971	136.4	135.0	3.1	-1.6	6.1	-2.5	-1.0
Cereals	10	1.445	204.7	194.3	-1.3	-2.6	11.9	-0.5	-5.1
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.700	190.0	184.3	-4.0	-5.0	3.8	1.7	-3.0
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.034	154.8	154.5	2.3	-1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.569	98.7	98.8	1.3	-0.3	0.8	0.7	0.1
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.561	112.9	112.7	3.2	0.1	3.6	2.5	-0.2
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.703	217.1	215.1	0.6	-4.6	1.5	0.8	-0.9
Mineral products	V	10.730	222.0	214.3	-13.6	-0.9	-6.8	2.4	-3.5
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.399	96.1	98.1	0.4	0.3	-4.6	-0.2	2.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.134	213.7	205.6	-14.5	-1.0	-7.0	2.5	-3.8
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.860	138.0	137.8	-1.1	-0.3	-0.7	-0.2	-0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.740	149.6	147.6	-3.6	0.5	-0.3	0.0	-1.3
Organic chemicals	29	2.539	140.3	139.8	-5.7	-1.5	-1.5	-1.6	-0.4
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.070	107.7	107.7	1.0	0.0	-0.2	1.0	0.0
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.553	105.5	107.5	4.8	1.2	-1.2	1.6	1.9
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.850	131.1	130.5	-0.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2	-0.5
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.490	124.3	124.8	4.1	0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.962	155.6	155.3	0.9	-0.1	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.212	143.9	143.1	-1.5	0.4	-0.1	0.0	-0.6
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.335	141.0	140.2	-1.1	0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.6
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.877	154.2	153.7	-3.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.5	-0.3
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.626	96.3	93.8	-10.2	-0.8	-1.3	-1.0	-2.6
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.860	122.5	122.4	-9.1	-0.9	-0.6	-1.6	-0.1
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.082	125.7	125.0	-3.8	-0.3	0.2	-0.2	-0.6
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.725	121.0	117.9	-6.6	-0.6	-1.9	-0.3	-2.6
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.491	116.2	108.6	-22.5	-1.7	-6.7	-1.9	-6.5
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.817	127.2	127.2	2.5	0.0	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.315	250.9	258.8	11.6	-1.0	1.6	2.3	3.1
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.697	158.8	158.5	-0.9	-1.4	-0.8	-0.3	-0.2
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.477	177.9	172.5	-7.2	-2.0	-5.3	-0.4	-3.0
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.697	103.0	101.7	-10.8	-2.2	-2.1	-1.2	-1.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.335	154.2	154.2	0.8	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.039	97.8	97.6	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.310	116.1	115.8	0.5	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.3
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.728	78.1	78.0	-1.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.742	137.1	137.0	1.2	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.321	116.5	116.3	0.0	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.847	109.2	109.5	-0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.374	112.9	112.7	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.766	130.8	130.3	0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.454	88.2	88.6	1.1	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	126.8	126.1	0.6	0.2	-1.6	0.2	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	10.915	184.1	176.4	6.8	0.0	-11.1	-0.4	-4.2
Manufacturing	88.528	121.4	121.2	-0.3	0.2	-0.4	0.3	-0.2
Canada	100.000	139.4	137.4	1.1	0.1	-4.4	-0.4	-1.4
Nonmanufacturing	29.880	180.0	172.3	9.2	0.1	-11.5	-0.8	-4.3
Manufacturing	69.278	130.2	129.9	-2.8	0.2	-0.9	-0.3	-0.2
European Union	100.000	137.1	136.8	-0.3	0.3	-0.6	0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing	98.756	133.5	133.2	-0.4	0.3	-0.5	0.2	-0.2
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.0	127.8	-0.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.5	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.4	112.4	0.4	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.8	121.5	-0.2	0.1	-0.7	0.5	-0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	148.0	147.4	-2.3	0.9	-1.3	-0.2	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	17.423	269.0	257.2	-5.5	5.6	-4.5	-1.5	-4.4
Manufacturing	82.297	120.0	120.5	-1.5	0.0	-0.6	0.1	0.4
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.0	127.9	-0.5	0.5	-1.3	0.2	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	9.130	150.4	138.8	-2.0	3.2	-9.5	1.3	-7.7
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	90.608	87.2	87.9	-0.3	0.2	-0.5	0.0	0.8
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.2	98.1	-1.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.7	98.6	-1.6	-0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.9	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	98.8	98.4	-	0.0	-0.1	0.1	-0.4
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	88.3	87.9	-1.2	-0.1	-0.8	0.6	-0.5
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.4	97.3	-1.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.8	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	182.1	178.0	-7.3	2.8	-4.8	0.3	-2.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2018 to August 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	103.6	103.2	0.8	-0.3	-0.2	0.5	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	8.570	111.0	105.5	5.9	-2.1	-2.7	0.4	-5.0
Manufacturing	90.332	103.2	103.3	0.6	-0.1	0.0	0.4	0.1
Canada	100.000	105.2	104.4	0.5	-0.3	-0.2	0.5	-0.8
European Union	100.000	105.2	105.0	1.6	-0.1	-0.6	0.8	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.349	107.2	104.8	2.9	-2.3	-2.4	-1.1	-2.2
Manufacturing	91.548	105.2	105.1	1.5	0.2	-0.4	0.9	-0.1
Germany	100.000	104.4	104.4	3.2	0.1	0.2	1.3	0.0
Latin America(3)	100.000	101.6	100.4	-3.2	-0.2	-1.9	0.8	-1.2
Nonmanufacturing	7.029	105.6	103.1	-2.5	-1.9	1.1	-0.3	-2.4
Manufacturing	92.551	101.4	100.2	-3.2	0.0	-2.0	0.9	-1.2
Mexico	100.000	100.9	100.1	-2.5	-0.1	-1.3	0.6	-0.8
Nonmanufacturing	6.059	98.1	95.2	-8.5	-1.8	0.5	-0.4	-3.0
Manufacturing	93.453	101.1	100.4	-2.1	0.0	-1.4	0.7	-0.7
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.7	100.2	-0.2	-0.8	-0.1	0.8	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.783	103.0	99.8	3.2	-3.8	0.2	4.5	-3.1
Manufacturing	83.393	100.9	100.8	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
China	100.000	98.3	96.7	-3.1	-1.4	-0.2	0.2	-1.6
Nonmanufacturing	21.047	99.4	95.5	0.2	-4.6	0.3	2.3	-3.9
Manufacturing	75.710	99.4	98.5	-2.3	-0.4	0.0	-0.3	-0.9
Japan	100.000	101.1	100.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.1	1.0	-0.6
Nonmanufacturing	19.379	107.1	102.1	1.9	-2.9	1.8	1.8	-4.7
Manufacturing	79.432	99.5	99.8	-1.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.7	0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2018 to August 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
			Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.0	100.2	0.2	-0.5	1.5	0.3	0.2
Canada	99.2	99.8	-0.7	-0.3	4.4	0.9	0.6
European Union	103.3	103.3	2.0	-0.4	0.0	0.6	0.0
Germany	106.9	106.9	2.8	0.2	0.3	1.0	0.0
Latin America(3)	102.2	101.4	-0.9	-1.2	-0.6	1.0	-0.8
Mexico	101.7	101.0	-1.9	-0.6	0.0	0.5	-0.7
Pacific Rim(4)	100.9	100.5	0.9	-0.7	0.1	0.8	-0.4
China	99.7	98.2	-1.5	-1.3	0.0	0.4	-1.5
Japan	99.8	99.0	-0.5	-0.7	0.1	0.9	-0.8
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August 2018 to August 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance July 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		July 2019	Aug. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Aug. 2018 to Aug. 2019	Apr. 2019 to May 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	174.5	173.2	-7.6	0.4	-0.1	-2.5	-0.7
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	26.953	144.2	145.7	-1.1	-1.1	0.1	-2.6	1.0
Asia	59.805	163.2	160.4	-11.4	1.0	-0.1	-2.7	-1.7
Export Air Freight	100.000	166.3	164.3	0.4	0.2	-0.5	0.6	-1.2
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	31.846	152.5	151.6	2.4	0.9	-0.5	0.5	-0.6
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	163.9	160.4	-6.1	1.0	0.5	-2.5	-2.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.871	132.1	132.0	-2.7	-0.3	1.4	-4.3	-0.1
Asia	57.103	152.5	146.8	-9.1	1.7	0.2	-2.1	-3.7
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	148.5	146.4	-1.9	0.3	0.0	2.6	-1.4
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	32.892	155.1	154.7	4.5	0.9	-0.3	0.4	-0.3
Asia	45.638	146.5	141.0	-8.0	0.0	0.4	6.2	-3.8
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	167.4	153.6	-6.1	6.9	6.7	-9.9	-8.2
Europe	52.606	184.5	162.0	-7.8	8.0	7.3	-12.7	-12.2
Asia	20.804	132.6	125.9	-5.4	9.9	9.7	-11.8	-5.1
Latin America/Caribbean	7.443	168.1	160.3	1.8	-2.4	4.3	6.1	-4.6
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	159.3	154.4	-0.8	0.7	4.0	3.3	-3.1
Europe	29.070	207.7	184.1	-2.8	0.9	5.2	3.2	-11.4
Asia	27.714	141.1	145.6	0.3	5.6	5.5	1.6	3.2
Latin America/Caribbean	25.861	169.7	164.7	1.6	-5.3	4.9	6.7	-2.9
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
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