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                             U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2019                              

U.S. import prices increased 0.2 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 
following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. The advance in September was driven by higher fuel 
prices; prices for nonfuel goods edged down 0.1 percent. The price index for U.S. exports fell 0.2 percent in 
September, after decreasing 0.6 percent in August.

Imports

Prices for U.S. imports advanced 0.2 percent in September, after decreasing 0.2 percent in August and 
unchanged in July. The price index for U.S. imports has not recorded an increase larger than 0.2 percent 
since the index rose 0.6 percent in March. U.S. import prices declined 1.6 percent from September 2018 to 
September 2019. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 2.1 percent in September following a 1.9-percent decline in August. 
Higher prices for petroleum drove the September increase, more than offsetting lower natural gas prices. 
The price index for import petroleum advanced 2.3 percent in September, after declining 2.3 percent the 
previous month. In September, natural gas prices fell 3.7 percent, resuming a downward trend after the rise 
in August. Fuel prices decreased 5.1 percent over the past year. Prices for import petroleum fell 5.8 percent 
from September 2018 to September 2019. Natural gas prices declined 10.4 percent over the same period.

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in September following 
two consecutive months unchanged. Foods, feeds, and beverages prices declined 0.8 percent; in contrast, 
nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices rose 0.5 percent. The price index for nonfuel imports 
declined 1.1 percent over the past 12 months, led by price decreases for capital goods and nonfuel industrial 
supplies and materials.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials increased 0.5 
percent in September, after falling 0.3 percent in August and rising 0.2 percent in July. The increase in 
September was driven by higher prices for nonferrous metals and lumber, which more than offset price 
decreases for chemicals.
	
Finished Goods: Prices for imported finished goods were unchanged in September. Consumer goods prices 
were unchanged following a 0.1-percent increase in August. Lower prices for household goods were offset 
by price increases for coins, gems, jewelry, and collectibles. The price index for automotive vehicles was 
unchanged for the second consecutive month, after decreasing 0.2 percent in July. Prices for capital goods 
were unchanged in September, after edging down 0.1 percent the previous month.

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for import foods, feeds, and beverages fell 0.8 percent in 
September following a 0.5-percent drop in August. A 7.6-percent decrease in fruit prices, which more than 
offset higher coffee prices, drove the September decline.
	
Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2018
September	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	-1.3	0.2
October	0.5	3.3	0.1	0.5	-0.1	0.5
November	-1.6	-12.2	-0.2	-0.8	1.7	-1.0
December	-1.4	-13.3	0.0	-0.6	3.8	-1.1
2019
January	0.2	4.6	-0.3	-0.6	-2.1	-0.4
February	1.0	10.2	0.1	0.6	0.2	0.7
March	0.6	7.2	-0.2	0.7	0.9	0.7
April	0.2	1.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.4	0.2
May	0.2	3.6	-0.3	-0.3	-1.1	-0.2
June	-1.1	-7.8	-0.3	-0.6	2.4	-0.9
July	(r)0.0	(r)0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2
August	(r)-0.2	(r)-1.9	0.0	-0.6	(r)-2.3	(r)-0.3
September	0.2	2.1	-0.1	-0.2	-1.8	-0.1
Sept. 2017 to 2018	3.1	25.6	0.6	2.7	-2.1	3.3
Sept. 2018 to 2019	-1.6	-5.1	-1.1	-1.6	0.2	-1.9
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports declined 0.2 percent in September following a 0.6-percent drop in August 
and a 0.2-percent advance in July. Price declines for agricultural and nonagricultural exports each 
contributed to the September decrease. U.S. export prices fell 1.6 percent from September 2018 to 
September 2019. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices declined 1.8 percent in September, after falling 2.3 
percent in August. Lower prices for corn, meat, wheat, and soybeans each contributed to the decline, more 
than offsetting higher fruit prices. Despite the decrease in September, agricultural export prices advanced 
0.2 percent over the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports edged down 0.1 percent in 
September following a 0.3-percent drop the previous month. Price declines for nonagricultural industrial 
supplies and materials, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles drove the September decrease. Capital 
goods prices were unchanged in September. The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 1.9 
percent from September 2018 to September 2019. Lower nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials 
prices more than offset price increases for capital goods, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles over the 
past year.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials declined 0.3 percent in September following a 1.0-percent drop in August. The price index for 
nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials fell 6.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest 
decrease since declining 7.7 percent over the period ended July 2016.

Finished Goods: Prices for export finished goods were mostly down in September. Consumer goods prices 
fell 0.3 percent, after edging down 0.1 percent in August. Prices for automotive vehicles declined for the 
third consecutive month in September, falling 0.1 percent. Capital goods prices were unchanged for the 
month; higher nonelectrical machinery and transportation equipment prices offset lower prices for electrical 
generating equipment in September.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China decreased 0.2 percent in September, after falling 
0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for imports from China have not increased on a monthly basis since 
ticking up 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China declined 1.8 percent over the 
past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 1.9-percent decrease from January 2016 to January 2017. Prices 
for imports from Japan were unchanged in September following an increase of 0.1 percent in August. The 
last time the index rose more than 0.1 percent was a 0.2-percent advance in July 2018. Import prices from 
Japan increased 0.2 percent over the past 12 months. Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 
0.1 percent in September, after declining 0.2 percent in August. Import prices from Mexico declined 0.2 
percent for the second consecutive month in September. The price index for imports from Canada advanced 
0.6 percent in September following a 0.6-percent increase in August. Import prices from Canada rose 5.9 
percent over the past year. (See table 7.)
	
Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China decreased 0.2 percent in 
September following declines of 1.5 percent in August, 0.3 percent in July, and 0.2 percent in June. Export 
prices to China fell 2.0 percent over the past year. Prices for exports to Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in 
September, after a 0.7-percent drop in August. Export prices to the European Union edged down 0.1 percent 
in September and increased 1.5 percent over the past 12 months. The price indexes for exports to Canada 
and Mexico declined 0.2 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively, in September. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 
the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China were 
unchanged in September following a 1.4-percent drop in August. In September, lower export prices to China 
offset price decreases for imports from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China fell 0.2 percent 
over the past 12 months. U.S. terms of trade with Japan increased 0.1 percent in September, after a 0.7-
percent decline in August and a 0.6-percent rise in July. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 0.5 
percent over the year ended in September. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union was 
unchanged for the second consecutive month in September. U.S. terms of trade with Mexico fell 0.2 percent 
in September and 1.0 percent over the past 12 months. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada decreased 0.7 
percent in September and declined 6.1 percent over the past year. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 9.1 percent in September, after falling 8.2 percent in August and 
declining 9.9 percent in July. In September, higher European fares more than offset lower Latin 
American/Caribbean and Asian fares. Import air passenger fares fell 7.4 percent over the 12 months ended 
in September. Import air freight prices decreased 0.3 percent in September. The price index for import air 
freight fell 8.4 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: The index for export air passenger fares declined 5.2 percent in September following a drop of 3.1 
percent in August. Lower Asian and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset higher European 
fares in September. Export air passenger fares decreased 3.2 percent from September 2018 to September 
2019. Export air freight prices fell 1.2 percent for the second consecutive month in September, the largest 
monthly drops since decreasing 6.2 percent in December 2017. Prices for export air freight declined 1.2 
percent over the past 12 months.
		
Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Friday, November 15, 2019 at 
8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.3	125.6	-1.6	-1.1	0.0	-0.2	0.2
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		83.554	99.2	99.2	-1.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
All imports excluding petroleum		89.883	112.0	111.9	-1.1	-0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.1
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		89.536	116.2	116.1	-1.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.982	178.1	176.7	-1.7	-1.5	-0.5	-0.5	-0.8
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.622	193.7	191.6	-2.5	-1.8	-0.5	-1.2	-1.1
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.361	143.4	143.7	1.1	-0.2	-0.3	1.8	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	24.336	187.5	189.7	-3.7	-3.9	0.2	-1.1	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.375	151.7	152.3	-2.5	-1.2	0.1	0.0	0.4
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		13.873	173.8	174.6	-2.2	-0.6	0.2	-0.3	0.5
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		8.789	166.0	167.7	-0.5	-0.5	0.7	0.1	1.0
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.430	134.2	133.2	-5.2	-2.3	-1.0	-0.1	-0.7
Fuels & lubricants	10	10.464	211.3	215.8	-5.1	-7.8	0.1	-1.9	2.1
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	10.117	231.6	237.0	-5.8	-7.5	0.2	-2.3	2.3
Crude	10000	7.316	239.8	246.3	-6.7	-8.5	-0.9	-1.8	2.7
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.347	79.2	77.1	-11.3	-16.7	-3.9	10.8	-2.7
Gas-natural	10110	0.254	62.9	60.6	-10.4	-22.1	-2.6	13.1	-3.7
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.556	116.4	115.5	-5.9	0.1	-3.1	-0.3	-0.8
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.527	155.0	154.3	-5.0	-0.9	-0.4	-1.1	-0.5
Selected building materials	13	1.477	141.3	142.3	-6.8	0.6	0.9	-1.2	0.7
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.792	233.3	237.9	3.2	-1.2	1.1	0.7	2.0
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.766	157.1	157.7	-1.9	-0.5	0.3	-0.2	0.4
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.755	113.2	113.2	-1.3	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Capital goods	2	27.834	88.2	88.2	-1.2	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.441	119.7	120.0	1.6	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nonelectrical machinery	21	22.089	80.2	80.1	-2.0	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.305	136.9	136.9	1.7	0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.703	109.7	109.7	-0.7	0.1	-0.2	0.0	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.145	107.1	107.1	-0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.505	124.1	124.0	0.3	0.0	0.5	0.2	-0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	12.379	91.4	91.4	-1.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	1.260	116.5	116.5	1.0	0.0	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
All commodities		100.000	125.5	125.2	-1.6	-0.6	0.2	-0.6	-0.2
Agricultural commodities		9.531	176.6	173.5	0.2	2.4	0.2	-2.3	-1.8
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.855	101.5	101.4	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.469	121.6	121.5	-1.9	-0.9	0.2	-0.3	-0.1
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.893	180.5	177.7	1.5	2.9	0.2	-2.1	-1.6
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.276	178.7	175.5	1.6	3.1	0.2	-2.3	-1.8
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.616	215.0	218.2	0.6	-0.8	0.5	1.3	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.942	153.3	152.8	-6.5	-2.7	0.5	-1.0	-0.3
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.451	167.0	167.4	3.2	-0.5	0.7	0.9	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.491	147.3	146.5	-10.9	-3.6	0.3	-2.0	-0.5
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.225	168.1	165.9	-9.0	-1.5	-0.3	-2.8	-1.3
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.717	152.8	152.4	-6.5	-2.7	0.5	-1.0	-0.3
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.252	176.7	175.7	-16.5	-6.7	1.4	-3.3	-0.6
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.486	157.5	157.2	-1.1	-0.5	0.0	0.3	-0.2
Selected building materials	13	0.979	119.2	119.4	-2.9	-0.9	-0.7	-0.8	0.2
Capital goods	2	36.306	110.8	110.8	0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.0
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.787	117.8	117.3	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.715	94.7	94.8	-0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	8.804	182.9	183.0	3.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.231	114.4	114.3	0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.629	110.7	110.4	0.5	0.2	0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Nondurables, manufactured	40	5.983	108.2	107.9	1.3	0.0	0.7	-0.5	-0.3
Durables, manufactured	41	5.203	107.8	107.5	0.0	0.7	-0.4	0.4	-0.3
Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec. 2018=100)	42	1.443	99.0	99.2	-	-0.4	0.1	0.0	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2018 to September 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		9.804	113.8	115.8	-3.0	-7.5	-0.9	-1.6	1.8
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.874	174.9	172.7	-3.3	-3.4	-0.7	-2.5	-1.3
Crop production	111	1.505	186.3	182.8	-4.2	-3.7	-1.1	-3.5	-1.9
Mining	21	7.930	107.7	110.4	-3.0	-8.5	-1.0	-1.5	2.5
Oil and gas extraction	211	7.674	107.4	110.1	-3.5	-8.7	-1.0	-1.6	2.5
Manufacturing		89.887	111.0	111.0	-1.1	-0.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.231	125.3	125.0	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	-0.2
Food manufacturing	311	3.370	154.2	153.5	-1.4	-0.3	-0.8	-0.1	-0.5
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.154	126.0	125.5	3.0	-0.1	0.1	2.4	-0.4
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.367	99.9	99.6	-0.6	-0.3	2.0	-1.2	-0.3
Textile product mills	314	0.929	108.3	108.0	-0.9	-0.3	-0.7	0.0	-0.3
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.773	112.8	112.8	0.8	0.1	0.4	0.2	0.0
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.638	123.4	123.1	-0.2	0.0	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	17.486	125.5	125.7	-2.7	-1.1	0.6	-0.9	0.2
Paper manufacturing	322	1.027	110.9	110.3	-4.8	0.0	-1.7	-0.4	-0.5
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.577	100.7	102.2	-2.3	-4.8	4.0	-3.6	1.5
Chemical manufacturing	325	9.560	138.6	138.4	-2.3	-0.6	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.266	118.9	118.7	-0.7	0.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	1.036	131.0	130.7	-0.5	0.0	-0.3	0.2	-0.2
Manufacturing, part 3	33	61.170	103.5	103.6	-0.9	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.384	155.7	158.4	3.2	-1.2	0.9	0.3	1.7
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.115	126.4	126.4	-1.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.2	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	7.320	119.0	118.9	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	17.215	72.4	72.3	-3.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	5.177	117.7	117.8	1.5	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.699	109.1	109.0	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.867	116.4	116.2	-1.0	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.393	118.4	118.6	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2018 to September 2019 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Nonmanufacturing		8.735	127.5	126.7	-7.8	-0.4	-0.8	-3.2	-0.6
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.688	146.9	143.7	-1.3	4.0	0.0	-4.2	-2.2
Crop production	111	4.344	153.3	149.6	-1.1	4.5	-0.1	-4.6	-2.4
Mining	21	4.046	80.7	81.6	-16.1	-5.1	-1.7	-1.9	1.1
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.302	113.6	108.9	-4.3	-2.0	-1.3	-0.1	-4.1
Manufacturing		90.047	116.7	116.4	-0.9	-0.6	0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.836	141.3	140.0	0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.3	-0.9
Food manufacturing	311	4.678	159.5	157.7	0.8	0.6	0.4	-0.3	-1.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.664	123.5	122.3	-0.6	0.4	0.8	0.1	-1.0
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.093	114.1	113.4	-5.4	-2.3	0.8	-1.3	-0.6
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.517	96.3	96.0	-6.5	-1.5	-0.5	-1.0	-0.3
Paper manufacturing	322	1.658	122.4	121.9	-8.0	-0.5	-1.6	-1.4	-0.4
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.123	107.5	105.2	-15.4	-7.9	3.5	-3.8	-2.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.423	118.5	118.2	-1.6	-0.4	0.1	-0.5	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.294	117.0	117.2	1.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.849	117.7	119.4	2.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0	1.4
Manufacturing, part 3	33	58.119	115.3	115.3	1.1	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.183	151.4	152.7	7.8	-0.3	1.7	2.6	0.9
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.013	148.2	148.2	5.0	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	9.621	130.1	130.1	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.851	81.8	81.9	-1.8	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.821	117.8	117.5	-0.7	-0.1	0.0	-0.3	-0.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	17.803	129.0	129.1	1.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.399	122.5	122.6	1.6	-0.1	-0.2	0.2	0.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.429	121.1	120.8	0.4	0.6	-0.2	0.7	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	1.400	196.2	195.8	1.3	-0.7	-0.3	0.6	-0.2
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.380	262.9	259.0	7.6	0.1	-1.3	0.2	-1.5
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.737	140.3	140.6	-0.8	-0.4	-0.1	0.6	0.2
Vegetable products	II	1.828	206.1	203.1	-3.7	-3.8	-1.3	-2.9	-1.5
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.484	497.9	502.8	30.9	0.5	-7.9	6.6	1.0
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.648	114.4	105.2	-22.2	-11.0	1.9	-9.9	-8.0
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.320	191.0	203.4	0.9	1.6	-0.1	-3.3	6.5
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.226	85.1	83.2	-14.8	-1.5	0.4	0.7	-2.2
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.865	166.7	166.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.8	-0.2
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.223	96.6	95.3	-3.2	1.2	0.6	-1.8	-1.3
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.365	171.2	170.4	-2.4	0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.5
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.106	136.4	135.8	2.9	-0.1	0.1	2.6	-0.4
Mineral products	V	10.456	211.6	216.0	-5.1	-7.6	0.0	-1.8	2.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	10.141	208.7	213.1	-5.5	-7.8	0.0	-1.9	2.1
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	8.932	156.6	156.5	-1.9	-0.6	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.488	277.5	277.2	-15.2	-5.0	-0.5	-4.3	-0.1
Organic chemicals	29	2.016	126.4	126.0	-5.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.6	-0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.416	155.0	155.2	1.4	-0.3	1.4	0.4	0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.262	79.2	79.6	-4.7	-2.7	-6.7	-0.6	0.5
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.603	103.6	103.2	-0.2	0.0	0.6	-0.4	-0.4
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.583	103.0	102.1	-4.6	-0.1	0.4	-0.5	-0.9
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.472	139.8	139.5	-1.3	0.1	-0.4	-0.4	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.322	142.6	142.2	-1.8	0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.150	136.4	136.4	-0.1	0.5	-0.7	-0.4	0.0
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.617	123.9	123.8	-0.9	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.1
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.589	130.4	130.3	-0.5	-0.1	-0.5	-0.1	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	0.836	142.6	144.4	-12.4	1.0	1.7	-2.3	1.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.079	117.4	116.6	-4.0	0.2	-2.0	-0.3	-0.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.728	109.9	109.2	-1.7	0.1	-0.9	-0.3	-0.6
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.903	114.7	114.6	0.1	-0.2	0.6	-0.2	-0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.994	105.8	105.8	1.3	-0.1	1.0	0.2	0.0
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.645	120.9	121.1	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.639	102.0	101.6	-2.4	-0.1	-1.2	-0.4	-0.4
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.365	122.7	122.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.134	121.7	121.3	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1	-0.3
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.951	132.2	131.8	-0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.3	-0.3
Ceramic products	69	0.267	135.7	135.7	0.4	0.1	-0.7	0.0	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.838	185.5	191.9	14.7	0.7	2.9	1.5	3.5
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.787	173.3	173.3	-3.7	-1.2	-0.5	-0.1	0.0
Iron and steel	72	1.328	214.3	212.9	-7.7	-1.3	-1.4	0.2	-0.7
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.720	149.6	150.0	-1.6	-0.3	-0.5	0.3	0.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.424	266.7	264.3	-2.4	-5.0	1.3	-3.1	-0.9
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.979	128.2	127.0	-8.0	-1.3	-0.3	-1.5	-0.9
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.443	123.6	123.8	0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.517	135.8	135.8	-0.9	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	30.020	79.3	79.2	-1.5	0.0	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.921	85.5	85.3	-1.7	-0.1	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	15.099	73.5	73.5	-1.3	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.920	113.4	113.3	-0.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.747	112.6	112.5	-0.7	0.0	-0.2	0.2	-0.1
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.062	113.0	113.0	-1.8	-0.7	-0.6	0.0	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.989	101.6	101.7	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.716	98.1	98.2	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.211	143.3	144.1	1.3	-0.1	1.0	0.1	0.6
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.439	111.8	111.7	-1.0	-0.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.790	117.8	117.6	-0.8	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.2
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.378	101.8	101.8	-1.4	0.1	-0.6	0.3	0.0
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.271	128.7	128.7	-0.6	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Live animals; animal products	I	2.006	217.4	213.8	2.9	1.0	-0.1	-0.1	-1.7
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.193	171.5	164.8	2.5	1.9	0.2	-0.9	-3.9
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.403	118.6	120.4	0.9	-1.0	0.4	1.8	1.5
Vegetable products	II	4.403	190.5	185.9	1.3	5.2	0.2	-4.5	-2.4
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.969	135.4	139.9	6.6	6.1	-2.5	-0.7	3.3
Cereals	10	1.380	194.4	177.3	-6.9	11.9	-0.5	-5.0	-8.8
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.658	184.3	182.8	2.3	3.8	1.7	-3.0	-0.8
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.046	154.6	153.4	1.3	1.0	0.8	-0.1	-0.8
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.573	98.8	98.6	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.1	-0.2
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.564	112.7	110.9	4.4	3.6	2.5	-0.2	-1.6
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.702	215.6	209.5	-3.1	1.5	0.8	-0.7	-2.8
Mineral products	V	10.346	212.8	211.9	-15.7	-6.8	1.4	-3.3	-0.4
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.410	98.3	96.6	1.3	-3.7	-0.5	1.7	-1.7
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.737	204.1	203.3	-16.8	-7.0	1.5	-3.6	-0.4
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.963	138.6	138.0	-1.1	-0.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.4
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.735	147.7	146.4	-3.7	-0.3	0.0	-1.3	-0.9
Organic chemicals	29	2.592	142.4	141.3	-5.5	-0.7	-0.8	-0.2	-0.8
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.093	107.9	107.4	0.8	0.0	1.0	0.0	-0.5
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.567	107.5	104.5	2.1	-1.2	1.6	1.9	-2.8
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.851	130.5	130.4	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2	-0.5	-0.1
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.494	124.6	125.2	4.5	-0.1	0.1	0.2	0.5
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.973	155.5	156.3	1.4	-0.4	-0.6	-0.1	0.5
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.213	143.1	142.0	-2.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.6	-0.8
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.333	140.2	138.9	-1.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.6	-0.9
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.879	153.7	153.4	-3.7	-0.6	0.5	-0.3	-0.2
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.624	95.5	94.3	-8.4	-1.3	-0.8	-1.0	-1.3
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.869	122.4	121.6	-8.9	-0.6	-1.6	-0.1	-0.7
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.083	125.0	124.9	-3.6	0.2	-0.2	-0.6	-0.1
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.683	117.4	117.5	-6.7	-1.9	-0.2	-3.1	0.1
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.445	108.7	109.3	-19.0	-6.7	-1.9	-6.5	0.6
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.824	127.4	128.2	3.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0	0.6
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	4.477	258.8	262.9	14.1	1.6	2.3	3.1	1.6
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.679	157.3	155.3	-2.8	-1.2	-0.6	-0.2	-1.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.465	172.7	171.4	-4.6	-5.3	-0.3	-3.0	-0.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.691	101.7	98.8	-11.9	-2.2	-1.1	-1.3	-2.9
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.337	154.3	154.1	0.8	0.0	-0.1	0.3	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.163	97.6	97.6	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	16.365	115.8	115.8	0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.3	0.0
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.798	78.1	78.1	-1.1	-0.1	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.817	137.1	137.1	1.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.358	116.3	116.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.988	111.3	111.4	1.8	0.9	0.8	0.4	0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.382	112.9	112.9	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.769	130.6	130.7	0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2	0.1
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.458	88.6	88.6	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	127.0	127.4	2.4	-1.6	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nonmanufacturing	11.184	189.0	193.2	24.4	-11.2	-0.2	2.6	2.2
Manufacturing	88.236	121.2	121.3	0.0	-0.4	0.3	-0.2	0.1
Canada	100.000	140.3	141.1	5.9	-4.4	-0.4	0.6	0.6
Nonmanufacturing	30.538	185.2	189.6	28.5	-11.6	-0.6	2.8	2.4
Manufacturing	68.584	129.8	129.7	-2.6	-0.9	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
European Union	100.000	136.8	136.7	-0.2	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing	98.744	133.2	133.1	-0.3	-0.4	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.8	127.5	-0.7	-0.6	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	112.4	112.7	0.7	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.4	121.8	0.3	-0.7	0.5	-0.3	0.3
Latin America(3)	100.000	147.1	147.4	-3.3	-1.3	-0.2	-0.6	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	16.614	254.9	257.2	-10.7	-4.5	-1.4	-5.3	0.9
Manufacturing	83.104	120.4	120.6	-1.3	-0.6	0.1	0.3	0.2
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	127.7	127.4	-1.8	-1.3	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	8.319	136.7	132.6	-15.8	-9.5	1.2	-9.0	-3.0
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	91.418	87.8	87.8	-0.3	-0.5	0.0	0.7	0.0
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	98.1	98.0	-1.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	98.6	98.4	-1.8	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Japan	100.000	96.8	96.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)	100.000	99.0	99.2	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	87.8	87.7	-1.2	-0.8	0.6	-0.6	-0.1
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	97.4	97.4	-1.3	-0.2	0.9	-0.1	0.0
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	182.5	185.4	-6.4	-4.8	-0.7	1.2	1.6
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2018 to September 2019 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.9	102.8	0.2	-0.3	0.3	-0.4	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	8.082	104.0	104.7	3.4	-2.7	-1.2	-4.8	0.7
Manufacturing	90.796	103.1	102.8	0.0	-0.1	0.4	0.0	-0.3
Canada	100.000	103.8	103.6	-0.7	-0.4	0.2	-0.9	-0.2
European Union	100.000	105.1	105.0	1.5	-0.4	0.7	-0.2	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	7.075	103.0	100.9	-0.8	-2.4	-2.6	-2.5	-2.0
Manufacturing	91.802	105.3	105.4	1.7	-0.3	1.0	-0.1	0.1
Germany	100.000	104.3	104.5	3.7	0.2	1.2	0.0	0.2
Latin America(3)	100.000	100.5	100.1	-3.7	-1.8	0.7	-1.1	-0.4
Nonmanufacturing	6.974	103.7	100.7	-3.9	1.1	-0.7	-1.4	-2.9
Manufacturing	92.602	100.3	100.1	-3.7	-2.0	0.9	-1.1	-0.2
Mexico	100.000	100.3	99.8	-2.8	-1.3	0.7	-0.7	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	6.007	96.6	95.0	-7.9	0.5	-0.4	-1.5	-1.7
Manufacturing	93.502	100.5	100.1	-2.5	-1.4	0.7	-0.6	-0.4
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.2	100.3	0.6	-0.1	0.8	-0.5	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	14.313	99.2	98.7	7.0	0.2	4.0	-3.2	-0.5
Manufacturing	83.863	101.0	101.1	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.1
China	100.000	96.3	96.1	-2.0	-0.2	-0.3	-1.5	-0.2
Nonmanufacturing	20.285	93.9	94.3	5.7	0.3	0.3	-3.7	0.4
Manufacturing	76.458	98.4	98.2	-2.4	0.0	-0.3	-1.0	-0.2
Japan	100.000	100.1	100.2	-0.3	0.1	0.7	-0.7	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	18.371	100.5	98.4	-0.2	1.8	0.1	-4.6	-2.1
Manufacturing	80.450	99.8	100.2	-0.7	-0.2	0.6	0.4	0.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2018 to September 2019(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
			Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.2	98.8	-2.2	1.4	0.1	-0.5	-0.4
Canada	97.2	96.5	-6.1	4.1	0.5	-1.4	-0.7
European Union	103.4	103.4	1.8	0.1	0.6	0.0	0.0
Germany	106.8	106.7	2.9	0.2	1.0	0.0	-0.1
Latin America(3)	101.7	101.1	-0.3	-0.5	0.9	-0.5	-0.6
Mexico	101.3	101.1	-1.0	0.0	0.7	-0.6	-0.2
Pacific Rim(4)	100.5	100.7	1.7	0.1	0.8	-0.4	0.2
China	97.8	97.8	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	-1.4	0.0
Japan	98.8	98.9	-0.5	0.1	0.6	-0.7	0.1
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September 2018 to September 2019 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2019(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2018 to Sept. 2019	May 2019 to June 2019	June 2019 to July 2019	July 2019 to Aug. 2019	Aug. 2019 to Sept. 2019
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	173.7	173.1	-8.4	-0.1	-2.5	-0.4	-0.3
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	27.356	145.7	145.5	-0.1	0.1	-2.6	1.0	-0.1
Asia	59.357	161.2	160.3	-13.0	-0.1	-2.8	-1.1	-0.6
Export Air Freight	100.000	164.4	162.4	-1.2	-0.5	0.7	-1.2	-1.2
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	32.038	151.6	151.1	1.2	-0.5	0.5	-0.6	-0.3
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	161.0	160.1	-7.2	0.5	-2.2	-2.1	-0.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	28.360	132.0	132.6	-2.2	1.4	-4.3	-0.1	0.5
Asia	56.355	147.9	146.0	-11.2	0.2	-1.6	-3.5	-1.3
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	146.4	141.8	-2.3	0.0	2.6	-1.5	-3.1
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	33.282	154.7	154.7	3.8	-0.3	0.4	-0.3	0.0
Asia	44.559	141.0	131.5	-8.0	0.4	6.2	-3.8	-6.7
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	153.6	167.6	-7.4	6.7	-9.9	-8.2	9.1
Europe	50.328	162.0	192.6	-8.9	7.3	-12.7	-12.2	18.9
Asia	21.530	125.9	124.0	-6.3	9.7	-11.8	-5.1	-1.5
Latin America/Caribbean	7.734	160.3	147.6	-0.8	4.3	6.1	-4.6	-7.9
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	154.4	146.3	-3.2	4.0	3.3	-3.1	-5.2
Europe	26.572	184.1	186.2	-6.2	5.2	3.2	-11.4	1.1
Asia	29.515	145.6	130.6	-3.2	5.5	1.6	3.2	-10.3
Latin America/Caribbean	25.874	164.6	154.1	0.6	4.9	6.7	-3.0	-6.4
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
 
Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.