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Economic News Release
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Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2024-2025 annual averages

Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2024-2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2024 2025
With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old
Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year		 Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population

 8,063 2,632 2,904 2,526 8,067 2,572 2,879 2,615

Civilian labor force

 5,275 1,831 1,879 1,565 5,241 1,714 1,907 1,620

Participation rate

 65.4 69.6 64.7 61.9 65.0 66.6 66.2 61.9

Employed

 5,067 1,765 1,802 1,500 5,019 1,646 1,823 1,550

Full-time workers(1)

 3,822 1,347 1,371 1,104 3,830 1,298 1,359 1,173

Part-time workers(2)

 1,245 418 431 396 1,189 348 464 377

Employment-population ratio

 62.8 67.1 62.0 59.4 62.2 64.0 63.3 59.3

Unemployed

 208 66 77 65 221 68 84 70

Unemployment rate

 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.3

Total married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population

 5,941 1,906 2,179 1,855 5,957 1,884 2,115 1,958

Civilian labor force

 3,871 1,300 1,404 1,167 3,842 1,234 1,384 1,223

Participation rate

 65.2 68.2 64.4 62.9 64.5 65.5 65.4 62.5

Employed

 3,778 1,266 1,366 1,145 3,745 1,204 1,345 1,196

Full-time workers(1)

 2,873 975 1,046 852 2,900 954 1,022 923

Part-time workers(2)

 904 291 320 294 845 249 323 273

Employment-population ratio

 63.6 66.4 62.7 61.7 62.9 63.9 63.6 61.1

Unemployed

 94 34 38 22 97 31 39 27

Unemployment rate

 2.4 2.6 2.7 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.2

Other marital status(3)

Civilian noninstitutional population

 2,122 726 726 671 2,110 689 764 657

Civilian labor force

 1,403 531 475 398 1,399 480 523 396

Participation rate

 66.1 73.2 65.4 59.3 66.3 69.7 68.4 60.3

Employed

 1,290 499 436 354 1,274 443 478 354

Full-time workers(1)

 949 372 325 252 930 344 337 249

Part-time workers(2)

 341 128 111 102 344 99 141 104

Employment-population ratio

 60.8 68.8 60.1 52.8 60.4 64.3 62.5 53.8

Unemployed

 114 32 39 43 125 38 45 42

Unemployment rate

 8.1 6.0 8.1 10.9 8.9 7.8 8.6 10.7

Footnotes
(1) Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.
(2) Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.
(3) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

NOTE: Own children include biological, step-, and adopted children living in the household who are under age 18. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.
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Last Modified Date: April 23, 2026