Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023
37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations (Major Group)
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations comprises the following occupations:
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers;
First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers;
Building Cleaning Workers, All Other;
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners;
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners;
Pest Control Workers;
Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other;
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation;
Tree Trimmers and Pruners;
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
National estimates for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
Industry profile for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
Geographic profile for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
National estimates for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 4,429,070 |
0.4 % |
$ 18.43 |
$ 38,320 |
0.3 % |
Percentile wage estimates for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$ 12.93 |
$ 14.55 |
$ 17.30 |
$ 21.01 |
$ 25.42 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$ 26,890 |
$ 30,270 |
$ 35,990 |
$ 43,690 |
$ 52,870 |
Industry profile for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Services to Buildings and Dwellings |
1,784,050 |
79.44 |
$ 18.56 |
$ 38,610 |
| Traveler Accommodation |
495,170 |
26.76 |
$ 17.00 |
$ 35,360 |
| Elementary and Secondary Schools |
349,140 |
4.06 |
$ 19.06 |
$ 39,640 |
| General Medical and Surgical Hospitals |
177,160 |
3.10 |
$ 19.13 |
$ 39,790 |
| Local Government, excluding Schools and Hospitals (OEWS Designation) |
169,880 |
3.08 |
$ 21.61 |
$ 44,940 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Services to Buildings and Dwellings |
1,784,050 |
79.44 |
$ 18.56 |
$ 38,610 |
| Facilities Support Services |
55,870 |
29.30 |
$ 18.40 |
$ 38,270 |
| Rooming and Boarding Houses, Dormitories, and Workers' Camps |
2,700 |
27.21 |
$ 16.13 |
$ 33,540 |
| Traveler Accommodation |
495,170 |
26.76 |
$ 17.00 |
$ 35,360 |
| RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps |
10,370 |
16.08 |
$ 16.42 |
$ 34,160 |
Top paying industries for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Couriers and Express Delivery Services |
1,200 |
0.13 |
$ 32.63 |
$ 67,870 |
| Postal Service (Federal Government) |
14,850 |
2.35 |
$ 29.70 |
$ 61,780 |
| Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution |
1,930 |
0.49 |
$ 28.58 |
$ 59,440 |
| Rail Transportation |
1,370 |
0.76 |
$ 28.25 |
$ 58,750 |
| Media Streaming Distribution Services, Social Networks, and Other Media Networks and Content Providers |
180 |
0.08 |
$ 25.95 |
$ 53,980 |
Geographic profile for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| California |
510,000 |
28.42 |
0.97 |
$ 21.40 |
$ 44,510 |
| Texas |
348,700 |
25.72 |
0.88 |
$ 15.82 |
$ 32,900 |
| Florida |
320,990 |
33.55 |
1.15 |
$ 17.10 |
$ 35,560 |
| New York |
300,750 |
32.02 |
1.10 |
$ 21.77 |
$ 45,280 |
| Illinois |
178,540 |
29.70 |
1.02 |
$ 19.06 |
$ 39,640 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Hawaii |
30,860 |
50.02 |
1.72 |
$ 21.49 |
$ 44,700 |
| Nevada |
72,630 |
49.01 |
1.68 |
$ 18.83 |
$ 39,170 |
| Montana |
20,370 |
40.60 |
1.39 |
$ 18.27 |
$ 38,010 |
| Wyoming |
10,590 |
38.68 |
1.33 |
$ 17.41 |
$ 36,210 |
| South Dakota |
16,470 |
37.05 |
1.27 |
$ 16.55 |
$ 34,420 |
Top paying states for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Massachusetts |
104,560 |
28.70 |
0.98 |
$ 22.23 |
$ 46,250 |
| New York |
300,750 |
32.02 |
1.10 |
$ 21.77 |
$ 45,280 |
| Washington |
95,700 |
27.38 |
0.94 |
$ 21.73 |
$ 45,190 |
| Hawaii |
30,860 |
50.02 |
1.72 |
$ 21.49 |
$ 44,700 |
| California |
510,000 |
28.42 |
0.97 |
$ 21.40 |
$ 44,510 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
298,170 |
31.40 |
1.08 |
$ 22.23 |
$ 46,240 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
164,690 |
26.62 |
0.91 |
$ 20.70 |
$ 43,060 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
133,350 |
29.59 |
1.01 |
$ 19.51 |
$ 40,590 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
97,360 |
24.54 |
0.84 |
$ 16.74 |
$ 34,820 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
97,160 |
31.42 |
1.08 |
$ 19.49 |
$ 40,550 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
89,640 |
32.94 |
1.13 |
$ 17.04 |
$ 35,440 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX |
85,010 |
26.74 |
0.92 |
$ 15.74 |
$ 32,750 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
78,960 |
27.90 |
0.96 |
$ 19.30 |
$ 40,140 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
78,720 |
28.50 |
0.98 |
$ 22.38 |
$ 46,540 |
| Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ |
64,270 |
28.08 |
0.96 |
$ 18.26 |
$ 37,980 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI |
5,550 |
73.22 |
2.51 |
$ 23.08 |
$ 48,000 |
| Ocean City, NJ |
2,370 |
58.80 |
2.02 |
$ 18.71 |
$ 38,910 |
| Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL |
9,570 |
58.72 |
2.01 |
$ 18.52 |
$ 38,510 |
| Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC |
4,540 |
56.39 |
1.93 |
$ 17.03 |
$ 35,420 |
| Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV |
58,220 |
53.74 |
1.84 |
$ 18.99 |
$ 39,500 |
| Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL |
2,960 |
53.47 |
1.83 |
$ 17.40 |
$ 36,190 |
| Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ |
6,680 |
53.18 |
1.82 |
$ 18.72 |
$ 38,930 |
| Barnstable Town, MA |
5,210 |
51.43 |
1.76 |
$ 23.46 |
$ 48,790 |
| Brunswick, GA |
2,150 |
48.52 |
1.66 |
$ 15.77 |
$ 32,800 |
| Homosassa Springs, FL |
1,650 |
47.71 |
1.64 |
$ 16.06 |
$ 33,400 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
63,070 |
26.04 |
0.89 |
$ 24.09 |
$ 50,110 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
32,190 |
28.19 |
0.97 |
$ 23.80 |
$ 49,500 |
| Barnstable Town, MA |
5,210 |
51.43 |
1.76 |
$ 23.46 |
$ 48,790 |
| Santa Rosa, CA |
8,100 |
39.26 |
1.35 |
$ 23.31 |
$ 48,490 |
| Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI |
5,550 |
73.22 |
2.51 |
$ 23.08 |
$ 48,000 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
51,340 |
24.69 |
0.85 |
$ 22.72 |
$ 47,270 |
| Napa, CA |
3,580 |
46.00 |
1.58 |
$ 22.68 |
$ 47,170 |
| Vallejo-Fairfield, CA |
3,600 |
26.17 |
0.90 |
$ 22.44 |
$ 46,670 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
78,720 |
28.50 |
0.98 |
$ 22.38 |
$ 46,540 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
298,170 |
31.40 |
1.08 |
$ 22.23 |
$ 46,240 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Kansas nonmetropolitan area |
11,350 |
29.21 |
1.00 |
$ 15.30 |
$ 31,830 |
| North Northeastern Ohio nonmetropolitan area (noncontiguous) |
9,580 |
29.46 |
1.01 |
$ 16.24 |
$ 33,780 |
| Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
8,950 |
70.96 |
2.43 |
$ 21.27 |
$ 44,230 |
| Piedmont North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
8,180 |
32.06 |
1.10 |
$ 15.19 |
$ 31,590 |
| Southeast Coastal North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
7,690 |
30.97 |
1.06 |
$ 14.83 |
$ 30,840 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Hawaii / Kauai nonmetropolitan area |
7,370 |
72.62 |
2.49 |
$ 21.83 |
$ 45,400 |
| Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
8,950 |
70.96 |
2.43 |
$ 21.27 |
$ 44,230 |
| South Florida nonmetropolitan area |
5,070 |
60.39 |
2.07 |
$ 17.46 |
$ 36,330 |
| Massachusetts nonmetropolitan area |
3,420 |
54.52 |
1.87 |
$ 23.20 |
$ 48,260 |
| Eastern Sierra-Mother Lode Region of California nonmetropolitan area |
3,290 |
53.62 |
1.84 |
$ 20.56 |
$ 42,770 |
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Massachusetts nonmetropolitan area |
3,420 |
54.52 |
1.87 |
$ 23.20 |
$ 48,260 |
| Hawaii / Kauai nonmetropolitan area |
7,370 |
72.62 |
2.49 |
$ 21.83 |
$ 45,400 |
| Connecticut nonmetropolitan area |
1,260 |
37.60 |
1.29 |
$ 21.52 |
$ 44,760 |
| Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
8,950 |
70.96 |
2.43 |
$ 21.27 |
$ 44,230 |
| North Valley-Northern Mountains Region of California nonmetropolitan area |
3,630 |
35.70 |
1.22 |
$ 20.60 |
$ 42,840 |
About May 2023 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate—50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OEWS estimates and related information:
May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: April 3, 2024
United States Department of Labor
