Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2023
41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations (Major Group)
Sales and Related Occupations comprises the following occupations:
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers;
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers;
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers;
Cashiers;
Parts Salespersons;
Counter and Rental Clerks;
Retail Salespersons;
Advertising Sales Agents;
Insurance Sales Agents;
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents;
Travel Agents;
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel;
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products;
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products;
Models;
Demonstrators and Product Promoters;
Real Estate Brokers;
Real Estate Sales Agents;
Sales Engineers;
Telemarketers;
Sales and Related Workers, All Other;
Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers
National estimates for Sales and Related Occupations
Industry profile for Sales and Related Occupations
Geographic profile for Sales and Related Occupations
National estimates for Sales and Related Occupations:
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for Sales and Related Occupations:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 13,380,660 |
0.3 % |
$ 25.62 |
$ 53,280 |
0.7 % |
Percentile wage estimates for Sales and Related Occupations:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$ 12.40 |
$ 14.33 |
$ 17.67 |
$ 28.41 |
$ 47.14 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$ 25,790 |
$ 29,810 |
$ 36,760 |
$ 59,090 |
$ 98,040 |
Industry profile for Sales and Related Occupations:
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for Sales and Related Occupations are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in Sales and Related Occupations, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| General Merchandise Retailers |
1,402,710 |
43.63 |
$ 16.62 |
$ 34,560 |
| Food and Beverage Retailers (4451 and 4452 only) |
1,132,830 |
37.32 |
$ 16.51 |
$ 34,330 |
| Gasoline Stations |
749,700 |
77.51 |
$ 15.00 |
$ 31,190 |
| Building Material and Supplies Dealers |
689,580 |
55.60 |
$ 19.59 |
$ 40,750 |
| Clothing and Clothing Accessories Retailers |
660,540 |
76.11 |
$ 15.93 |
$ 33,120 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Shoe Retailers |
151,490 |
87.39 |
$ 15.51 |
$ 32,260 |
| Gasoline Stations |
749,700 |
77.51 |
$ 15.00 |
$ 31,190 |
| Beer, Wine, and Liquor Retailers |
132,730 |
76.38 |
$ 16.86 |
$ 35,070 |
| Clothing and Clothing Accessories Retailers |
660,540 |
76.11 |
$ 15.93 |
$ 33,120 |
| Book Retailers and News Dealers |
48,930 |
69.79 |
$ 15.60 |
$ 32,460 |
Top paying industries for Sales and Related Occupations:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities |
184,380 |
17.33 |
$ 70.23 |
$ 146,080 |
| Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil |
90 |
0.76 |
$ 69.41 |
$ 144,370 |
| Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing |
11,940 |
7.40 |
$ 67.95 |
$ 141,330 |
| Scientific Research and Development Services |
16,670 |
1.81 |
$ 67.25 |
$ 139,880 |
| Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing |
1,710 |
8.89 |
$ 64.56 |
$ 134,280 |
Geographic profile for Sales and Related Occupations:
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for Sales and Related Occupations are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in Sales and Related Occupations, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in Sales and Related Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| California |
1,437,100 |
80.08 |
0.91 |
$ 28.68 |
$ 59,650 |
| Texas |
1,217,200 |
89.78 |
1.02 |
$ 24.07 |
$ 50,060 |
| Florida |
1,034,260 |
108.09 |
1.23 |
$ 24.66 |
$ 51,290 |
| New York |
792,330 |
84.36 |
0.96 |
$ 35.04 |
$ 72,890 |
| Illinois |
504,310 |
83.89 |
0.95 |
$ 26.59 |
$ 55,310 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Sales and Related Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Florida |
1,034,260 |
108.09 |
1.23 |
$ 24.66 |
$ 51,290 |
| Colorado |
301,430 |
106.44 |
1.21 |
$ 31.08 |
$ 64,640 |
| New Hampshire |
70,920 |
105.05 |
1.19 |
$ 26.75 |
$ 55,640 |
| North Carolina |
488,760 |
101.93 |
1.16 |
$ 25.00 |
$ 51,990 |
| South Carolina |
226,140 |
101.73 |
1.15 |
$ 21.79 |
$ 45,330 |
Top paying states for Sales and Related Occupations:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York |
792,330 |
84.36 |
0.96 |
$ 35.04 |
$ 72,890 |
| Colorado |
301,430 |
106.44 |
1.21 |
$ 31.08 |
$ 64,640 |
| New Jersey |
369,610 |
87.96 |
1.00 |
$ 30.06 |
$ 62,520 |
| Washington |
316,180 |
90.45 |
1.03 |
$ 29.73 |
$ 61,850 |
| Massachusetts |
287,260 |
78.84 |
0.89 |
$ 29.36 |
$ 61,060 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
806,590 |
84.95 |
0.96 |
$ 36.17 |
$ 75,230 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
494,430 |
79.93 |
0.91 |
$ 27.52 |
$ 57,230 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
386,070 |
85.66 |
0.97 |
$ 27.67 |
$ 57,560 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
368,400 |
92.88 |
1.05 |
$ 26.00 |
$ 54,080 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
306,440 |
112.60 |
1.28 |
$ 25.90 |
$ 53,860 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
275,750 |
97.87 |
1.11 |
$ 26.32 |
$ 54,740 |
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX |
269,160 |
84.66 |
0.96 |
$ 24.23 |
$ 50,390 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
228,980 |
80.92 |
0.92 |
$ 25.33 |
$ 52,690 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
222,850 |
72.07 |
0.82 |
$ 27.17 |
$ 56,510 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
216,980 |
78.56 |
0.89 |
$ 30.48 |
$ 63,400 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL |
11,850 |
145.46 |
1.65 |
$ 18.81 |
$ 39,120 |
| Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC |
25,240 |
141.15 |
1.60 |
$ 18.59 |
$ 38,670 |
| Muskegon, MI |
8,320 |
135.16 |
1.53 |
$ 18.97 |
$ 39,470 |
| Punta Gorda, FL |
6,710 |
126.26 |
1.43 |
$ 21.11 |
$ 43,900 |
| Sebring, FL |
3,410 |
123.23 |
1.40 |
$ 19.30 |
$ 40,150 |
| Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC |
9,920 |
123.18 |
1.40 |
$ 20.15 |
$ 41,910 |
| Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL |
6,760 |
122.03 |
1.38 |
$ 23.06 |
$ 47,960 |
| Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL |
14,950 |
122.03 |
1.38 |
$ 21.50 |
$ 44,720 |
| Jacksonville, NC |
6,300 |
121.94 |
1.38 |
$ 18.01 |
$ 37,450 |
| Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ |
6,460 |
118.28 |
1.34 |
$ 19.46 |
$ 40,470 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for Sales and Related Occupations:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
79,840 |
69.93 |
0.79 |
$ 40.83 |
$ 84,920 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
806,590 |
84.95 |
0.96 |
$ 36.17 |
$ 75,230 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
183,930 |
75.93 |
0.86 |
$ 35.20 |
$ 73,210 |
| Boulder, CO |
19,640 |
101.00 |
1.15 |
$ 34.62 |
$ 72,020 |
| Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO |
172,890 |
108.71 |
1.23 |
$ 33.98 |
$ 70,680 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
190,190 |
91.48 |
1.04 |
$ 32.56 |
$ 67,720 |
| Durham-Chapel Hill, NC |
25,040 |
74.50 |
0.85 |
$ 30.94 |
$ 64,350 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH |
216,980 |
78.56 |
0.89 |
$ 30.48 |
$ 63,400 |
| Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT |
38,000 |
94.71 |
1.07 |
$ 30.37 |
$ 63,170 |
| Trenton, NJ |
16,180 |
67.85 |
0.77 |
$ 29.41 |
$ 61,180 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Kansas nonmetropolitan area |
32,100 |
82.59 |
0.94 |
$ 19.81 |
$ 41,200 |
| North Northeastern Ohio nonmetropolitan area (noncontiguous) |
26,950 |
82.86 |
0.94 |
$ 20.30 |
$ 42,220 |
| North Texas Region of Texas nonmetropolitan area |
24,230 |
87.00 |
0.99 |
$ 18.98 |
$ 39,470 |
| Piedmont North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
23,730 |
92.97 |
1.06 |
$ 19.61 |
$ 40,800 |
| Southeast Coastal North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
23,690 |
95.44 |
1.08 |
$ 18.66 |
$ 38,820 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in Sales and Related Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Northeast Coastal North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
10,900 |
118.19 |
1.34 |
$ 18.13 |
$ 37,710 |
| Northern New Hampshire nonmetropolitan area |
4,060 |
116.00 |
1.32 |
$ 19.43 |
$ 40,420 |
| Southwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
11,490 |
111.40 |
1.26 |
$ 23.87 |
$ 49,640 |
| Northeast Lower Peninsula of Michigan nonmetropolitan area |
8,320 |
109.41 |
1.24 |
$ 19.39 |
$ 40,330 |
| Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
13,720 |
108.81 |
1.23 |
$ 25.57 |
$ 53,190 |
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for Sales and Related Occupations:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
13,720 |
108.81 |
1.23 |
$ 25.57 |
$ 53,190 |
| Eastern Washington nonmetropolitan area |
8,200 |
78.93 |
0.90 |
$ 24.45 |
$ 50,850 |
| Southwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
11,490 |
111.40 |
1.26 |
$ 23.87 |
$ 49,640 |
| East South Dakota nonmetropolitan area |
13,010 |
98.78 |
1.12 |
$ 23.87 |
$ 49,640 |
| Southern Vermont nonmetropolitan area |
8,020 |
78.90 |
0.90 |
$ 23.85 |
$ 49,610 |
About May 2023 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate—50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OEWS estimates and related information:
May 2023 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2023 Occupation Profiles
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: April 3, 2024
United States Department of Labor
