From June 2015 to September 2015 gross job losses in Ohio totaled 256,532, while gross job gains numbered 245,565, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer, noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 10,967. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 34,804.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Gross job losses in September 2015 totaled 256,532 in the state, the second highest total since September 2009. (See chart 1.) The state’s 245,565 gross job gains in September 2015 were down 29,213 from the recent peak of 274,778 reached in December 2014. Gross job gains in Ohio have been above 230,000 in all but two quarters since the series low of 208,621 in March 2009.

Ohio’s rate of gross job losses as a percent of private sector employment was 5.6 percent, lower than the national rate of 5.8 percent in the third quarter of 2015. The state’s rate of gross job losses has been below the U.S. rate in all but two quarters since the series began in September 1992. Gross job gains represented 5.4 percent of private sector employment in Ohio, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.1 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in the state has been below the U.S. rate in all but one quarter since the series began.

During the third quarter of 2015, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in eight industry sectors in Ohio. Professional and business services lost more than 48,000 jobs at closing and contracting establishments, but created almost 45,000 jobs at opening and expanding establishments. The resulting net loss of 3,857 jobs was the largest of any sector in the third quarter of 2015. Manufacturing recorded a net employment loss of 3,455, with more than 22,000 jobs lost in closing and contracting establishments and almost 19,000 jobs added in opening and expanding establishments. Within the other six industry sectors, retail trade and wholesale trade recorded net job losses of 1,467 and 1,138 respectively, and four industries had net job losses less than 1,000. (See table 1.)

In contrast, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in three industry sectors. Within education and health services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 1,592, with more than 34,000 jobs created in opening and expanding establishments and almost 33,000 jobs lost in closing and contracting establishments. Transportation and warehousing recorded a net employment gain of 1,198 and the leisure and hospitality industry’s gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 1,000.

Ohio was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. In the third quarter of 2015, Ohio and three other states in the division had gross job losses that exceeded gross job gains. Indiana was the only state in the division where gross job gains were larger than gross job losses. (See table A.) The rate of gross job gains was lower than the national rate of 6.1 percent in each of the five states. Similarly, each state in the division had a rate of gross job losses that was below the 5.8-percent national rate.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, September 2015, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,292,000	6.1	6,874,000	5.8	418,000	0.3
East North Central (1)	988,318	—	1,019,635	—	-31,317	—
Illinois	277,165	5.4	287,722	5.7	-10,557	-0.3
Indiana	138,935	5.4	135,979	5.3	2,956	0.1
Michigan	195,118	5.4	204,087	5.7	-8,969	-0.3
Ohio	245,565	5.4	256,532	5.6	-10,967	-0.2
Wisconsin	131,535	5.5	135,315	5.6	-3,780	-0.1
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

 

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2015 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 27, 2016.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2014	Dec. 2014	Mar. 2015	June 2015	Sept. 2015	Sept. 2014	Dec. 2014	Mar. 2015	June 2015	Sept. 2015
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	248,416	274,778	245,199	272,264	245,565	5.5	6.1	5.4	6.0	5.4
At expanding establishments	211,057	234,449	210,258	230,625	209,993	4.7	5.2	4.6	5.1	4.6
At opening establishments	37,359	40,329	34,941	41,639	35,572	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8
Gross job losses	249,027	233,006	251,495	237,460	256,532	5.5	5.1	5.6	5.3	5.6
At contracting establishments	212,180	195,380	216,173	203,155	218,177	4.7	4.3	4.8	4.5	4.8
At closing establishments	36,847	37,626	35,322	34,305	38,355	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-611	41,772	-6,296	34,804	-10,967	0.0	1.0	-0.2	0.7	-0.2
Construction
Gross job gains	22,180	20,504	19,141	23,928	20,205	11.2	10.4	9.6	12.1	10.1
At expanding establishments	18,550	16,813	15,518	20,008	17,212	9.4	8.5	7.8	10.1	8.6
At opening establishments	3,630	3,691	3,623	3,920	2,993	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.5
Gross job losses	21,531	22,028	21,254	20,114	20,865	10.9	11.1	10.8	10.1	10.4
At contracting establishments	18,108	18,224	17,930	16,954	17,432	9.2	9.2	9.1	8.5	8.7
At closing establishments	3,423	3,804	3,324	3,160	3,433	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.7
Net employment change (2)	649	-1,524	-2,113	3,814	-660	0.3	-0.7	-1.2	2.0	-0.3
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	20,232	22,554	22,329	22,308	18,872	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.3	2.7
At expanding establishments	19,115	21,580	21,175	21,207	18,051	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.6
At opening establishments	1,117	974	1,154	1,101	821	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gross job losses	18,986	17,101	20,799	19,550	22,327	2.8	2.5	3.0	2.8	3.2
At contracting establishments	17,503	15,483	19,291	18,103	20,867	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.6	3.0
At closing establishments	1,483	1,618	1,508	1,447	1,460	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Net employment change (2)	1,246	5,453	1,530	2,758	-3,455	0.2	0.8	0.3	0.5	-0.5
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	11,181	11,180	10,377	10,722	9,961	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.2
At expanding establishments	9,346	9,284	8,943	9,326	8,366	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.5
At opening establishments	1,835	1,896	1,434	1,396	1,595	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7
Gross job losses	10,330	9,488	9,392	9,836	11,099	4.5	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.7
At contracting establishments	8,315	7,511	7,686	7,944	8,570	3.6	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.6
At closing establishments	2,015	1,977	1,706	1,892	2,529	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	1.1
Net employment change (2)	851	1,692	985	886	-1,138	0.3	0.8	0.4	0.3	-0.5
Retail trade
Gross job gains	33,701	34,546	32,752	34,665	33,325	5.9	6.1	5.7	6.1	5.8
At expanding establishments	29,286	30,793	28,143	30,849	29,846	5.1	5.4	4.9	5.4	5.2
At opening establishments	4,415	3,753	4,609	3,816	3,479	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	35,217	32,118	32,046	31,381	34,792	6.2	5.6	5.6	5.4	6.1
At contracting establishments	31,217	28,116	28,633	27,818	31,322	5.5	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.5
At closing establishments	4,000	4,002	3,413	3,563	3,470	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
Net employment change (2)	-1,516	2,428	706	3,284	-1,467	-0.3	0.5	0.1	0.7	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	9,345	14,175	9,143	9,918	8,929	5.5	8.1	5.2	5.6	4.9
At expanding establishments	8,327	13,241	8,313	8,515	7,778	4.9	7.6	4.7	4.8	4.3
At opening establishments	1,018	934	830	1,403	1,151	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.6
Gross job losses	8,691	7,638	11,445	8,438	7,731	5.1	4.4	6.4	4.7	4.3
At contracting establishments	7,564	6,477	10,508	7,379	6,794	4.4	3.7	5.9	4.1	3.8
At closing establishments	1,127	1,161	937	1,059	937	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	654	6,537	-2,302	1,480	1,198	0.4	3.7	-1.2	0.9	0.6
Information
Gross job gains	3,355	3,887	3,003	3,106	2,808	4.7	5.4	4.2	4.4	3.9
At expanding establishments	2,705	3,071	2,653	2,610	2,344	3.8	4.3	3.7	3.7	3.3
At opening establishments	650	816	350	496	464	0.9	1.1	0.5	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	3,171	3,306	3,363	2,804	3,499	4.4	4.6	4.7	3.9	4.9
At contracting establishments	2,690	2,515	2,766	2,312	2,816	3.7	3.5	3.9	3.2	3.9
At closing establishments	481	791	597	492	683	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.7	1.0
Net employment change (2)	184	581	-360	302	-691	0.3	0.8	-0.5	0.5	-1.0
Financial activities
Gross job gains	11,103	12,621	10,819	13,185	11,569	4.1	4.6	4.0	4.7	4.2
At expanding establishments	9,129	10,159	8,960	11,137	10,007	3.4	3.7	3.3	4.0	3.6
At opening establishments	1,974	2,462	1,859	2,048	1,562	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	11,193	11,283	10,200	10,394	11,939	4.1	4.2	3.7	3.8	4.3
At contracting establishments	8,903	9,122	8,316	8,721	9,608	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.5
At closing establishments	2,290	2,161	1,884	1,673	2,331	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-90	1,338	619	2,791	-370	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.9	-0.1
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	45,868	53,163	42,025	51,282	44,754	6.5	7.5	5.9	7.2	6.2
At expanding establishments	38,942	44,872	35,546	42,102	38,194	5.5	6.3	5.0	5.9	5.3
At opening establishments	6,926	8,291	6,479	9,180	6,560	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.3	0.9
Gross job losses	44,155	42,611	52,317	44,854	48,611	6.3	6.0	7.3	6.3	6.8
At contracting establishments	36,515	34,814	44,389	37,714	40,633	5.2	4.9	6.2	5.3	5.7
At closing establishments	7,640	7,797	7,928	7,140	7,978	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1
Net employment change (2)	1,713	10,552	-10,292	6,428	-3,857	0.2	1.5	-1.4	0.9	-0.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains	33,010	35,941	33,085	37,179	34,354	3.8	4.2	3.8	4.3	3.9
At expanding establishments	28,355	31,579	28,681	32,720	30,074	3.3	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.4
At opening establishments	4,655	4,362	4,404	4,459	4,280	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	32,147	29,073	32,509	31,346	32,762	3.8	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.8
At contracting establishments	27,283	24,348	27,724	26,479	27,629	3.2	2.8	3.2	3.0	3.2
At closing establishments	4,864	4,725	4,785	4,867	5,133	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6
Net employment change (2)	863	6,868	576	5,833	1,592	0.0	0.9	0.0	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	43,850	50,146	49,435	51,241	46,958	8.4	9.5	9.2	9.5	8.7
At expanding establishments	35,143	40,176	41,343	40,027	36,769	6.7	7.6	7.7	7.4	6.8
At opening establishments	8,707	9,970	8,092	11,214	10,189	1.7	1.9	1.5	2.1	1.9
Gross job losses	48,946	45,153	44,228	45,321	46,751	9.3	8.5	8.2	8.4	8.7
At contracting establishments	41,901	37,518	37,048	38,671	39,267	8.0	7.1	6.9	7.2	7.3
At closing establishments	7,045	7,635	7,180	6,650	7,484	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-5,096	4,993	5,207	5,920	207	-0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.0
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	9,489	10,512	9,276	10,764	9,626	6.4	7.1	6.3	7.3	6.5
At expanding establishments	7,964	8,288	7,757	9,004	8,062	5.4	5.6	5.3	6.1	5.4
At opening establishments	1,525	2,224	1,519	1,760	1,564	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.2	1.1
Gross job losses	10,810	9,345	9,379	8,797	10,571	7.4	6.3	6.4	5.9	7.1
At contracting establishments	8,926	7,822	7,765	7,166	8,571	6.1	5.3	5.3	4.8	5.8
At closing establishments	1,884	1,523	1,614	1,631	2,000	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-1,321	1,167	-103	1,967	-945	-1.0	0.8	-0.1	1.4	-0.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.