From September 2023 to December 2023, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 25,195, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in South Dakota were 22,395, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 2,800 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2023. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 148. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2023, gross job gains represented 6.6 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In South Dakota, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 20,553 in the fourth quarter of 2023, an increase of 1,454 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 4,642 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2023, a decrease of 52 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2023, gross job losses represented 5.9 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.6 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In South Dakota, contracting establishments lost 18,487 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2023, a decrease of 1,179 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 3,908 jobs, a decrease of 367 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 4 of the 7 published industry sectors in South Dakota in the fourth quarter of 2023. Leisure and hospitality had the largest net job increase over the quarter, with a gain of 818 jobs. This was the result of 5,720 gross job gains and 4,902 gross job losses. Professional and business services showed a net loss of 779 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at the Business Employment Dynamics Home.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2024 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 30, 2024.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records.

More information on formal definitions of the data used in this release, along with coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private-sector gross job gains and losses by industry, South Dakota, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Dec. 2023	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Dec. 2023
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	23,909	27,136	25,414	23,793	25,195	6.5	7.2	6.8	6.3	6.6
At expanding establishments	19,097	22,252	21,319	19,099	20,553	5.2	5.9	5.7	5.1	5.4
At opening establishments	4,812	4,884	4,095	4,694	4,642	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
Gross job losses	23,831	21,836	23,210	23,941	22,395	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.3	5.9
At contracting establishments	19,855	17,491	19,197	19,666	18,487	5.4	4.7	5.1	5.2	4.9
At closing establishments	3,976	4,345	4,013	4,275	3,908	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	78	5,300	2,204	-148	2,800	0.0	1.3	0.6	0.0	0.7
Construction
Gross job gains	3,101	3,797	3,381	2,972	3,115	11.8	13.7	12.0	10.7	10.8
At expanding establishments	2,426	3,038	2,806	2,390	2,461	9.2	11.0	10.0	8.6	8.5
At opening establishments	675	759	575	582	654	2.6	2.7	2.0	2.1	2.3
Gross job losses	2,799	2,582	2,845	2,850	2,631	10.6	9.3	10.2	10.2	9.1
At contracting establishments	2,319	2,073	2,232	2,255	2,140	8.8	7.5	8.0	8.1	7.4
At closing establishments	480	509	613	595	491	1.8	1.8	2.2	2.1	1.7
Net employment change (2)	302	1,215	536	122	484	1.2	4.4	1.8	0.5	1.7
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	1,159	1,067	1,160	1,043	1,157	5.2	4.8	5.3	4.7	5.1
At expanding establishments	936	894	1,011	894	945	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.0	4.2
At opening establishments	223	173	149	149	212	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	1,090	1,135	879	1,061	859	4.9	5.1	4.0	4.7	3.9
At contracting establishments	815	906	683	856	734	3.7	4.1	3.1	3.8	3.3
At closing establishments	275	229	196	205	125	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.6
Net employment change (2)	69	-68	281	-18	298	0.3	-0.3	1.3	0.0	1.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,009	3,320	3,183	2,850	2,944	5.7	6.2	5.9	5.3	5.5
At expanding establishments	2,712	3,016	2,837	2,320	2,667	5.1	5.6	5.3	4.3	5.0
At opening establishments	297	304	346	530	277	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.5
Gross job losses	2,952	2,585	3,198	3,032	3,130	5.6	4.8	5.9	5.7	5.8
At contracting establishments	2,737	2,332	2,937	2,735	2,851	5.2	4.3	5.4	5.1	5.3
At closing establishments	215	253	261	297	279	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	57	735	-15	-182	-186	0.1	1.4	0.0	-0.4	-0.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,160	1,224	1,367	1,333	1,036	4.2	4.4	5.0	4.8	3.8
At expanding establishments	799	968	1,144	1,082	789	2.9	3.5	4.2	3.9	2.9
At opening establishments	361	256	223	251	247	1.3	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9
Gross job losses	1,322	1,284	1,319	1,413	1,209	4.8	4.7	4.8	5.1	4.4
At contracting establishments	1,054	940	1,037	999	870	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.2
At closing establishments	268	344	282	414	339	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-162	-60	48	-80	-173	-0.6	-0.3	0.2	-0.3	-0.6
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	2,989	2,984	3,221	3,007	2,610	8.0	8.1	8.6	8.0	7.0
At expanding establishments	1,973	2,210	2,407	2,135	1,776	5.3	6.0	6.4	5.7	4.8
At opening establishments	1,016	774	814	872	834	2.7	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2
Gross job losses	3,320	2,747	2,675	3,166	3,389	8.9	7.4	7.2	8.4	9.1
At contracting establishments	2,575	1,885	1,966	2,336	2,522	6.9	5.1	5.3	6.2	6.8
At closing establishments	745	862	709	830	867	2.0	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.3
Net employment change (2)	-331	237	546	-159	-779	-0.9	0.7	1.4	-0.4	-2.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	5,180	6,235	5,283	5,490	5,720	10.7	12.7	10.7	11.2	11.5
At expanding establishments	3,976	5,026	4,187	4,375	4,575	8.2	10.2	8.5	8.9	9.2
At opening establishments	1,204	1,209	1,096	1,115	1,145	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.3
Gross job losses	5,117	4,942	5,747	5,463	4,902	10.6	10.1	11.6	11.1	9.8
At contracting establishments	4,400	3,906	4,692	4,483	4,058	9.1	8.0	9.5	9.1	8.1
At closing establishments	717	1,036	1,055	980	844	1.5	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.7
Net employment change (2)	63	1,293	-464	27	818	0.1	2.6	-0.9	0.1	1.7
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,017	1,103	1,046	978	979	8.3	8.9	8.3	7.7	7.6
At expanding establishments	786	912	885	711	810	6.4	7.4	7.0	5.6	6.3
At opening establishments	231	191	161	267	169	1.9	1.5	1.3	2.1	1.3
Gross job losses	918	906	857	956	784	7.6	7.3	6.9	7.5	6.1
At contracting establishments	740	698	662	802	641	6.1	5.6	5.3	6.3	5.0
At closing establishments	178	208	195	154	143	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	99	197	189	22	195	0.7	1.6	1.4	0.2	1.5
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Dec. 2023	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	Sept. 2023	Dec. 2023
United States(1)	6.3	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.9	5.9	5.6
Alabama	6.6	6.4	5.9	5.9	6.2	6.1	5.5	5.7	6.0	5.8
Alaska	10.9	10.4	11.0	8.5	10.1	9.2	8.0	8.9	10.5	9.9
Arizona	6.6	5.9	7.0	6.7	6.6	6.0	5.4	6.5	5.9	6.9
Arkansas	6.2	5.8	5.8	5.6	6.1	5.2	5.0	6.0	5.7	5.3
California	6.6	6.1	6.7	6.2	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.5
Colorado	7.6	7.2	7.3	5.5	8.4	6.9	6.5	6.6	6.2	7.5
Connecticut	5.9	6.1	6.4	5.8	5.6	5.9	5.3	5.7	6.2	5.7
Delaware	7.0	6.7	6.0	6.0	6.2	7.5	5.2	5.7	6.5	5.9
District of Columbia	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.5	5.2	5.5	4.8	5.3	5.4	5.6
Florida	6.2	6.3	6.8	6.5	5.9	6.0	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.8
Georgia	6.7	6.2	6.4	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.8	6.5	6.1	5.7
Hawaii	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.3	6.1	4.9	5.0	5.2	6.9	5.0
Idaho	8.4	7.9	7.9	7.3	8.5	6.9	7.5	7.5	8.2	5.8
Illinois	5.4	5.8	5.4	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.8	5.3	5.5	5.1
Indiana	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.0	6.1	5.8	5.3
Iowa	6.4	6.0	6.0	5.5	6.0	6.2	5.4	5.9	5.8	5.7
Kansas	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.4	6.0	6.0	5.4
Kentucky	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.3	4.9	5.9	5.5	5.2
Louisiana	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.2	5.6	6.4	6.0	6.1
Maine	7.4	7.7	7.6	6.8	7.3	6.8	6.2	7.6	7.8	7.0
Maryland	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.4	6.3	6.9	5.6	6.3	6.5	5.9
Massachusetts	5.5	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.3	5.8	4.7	5.7	6.1	5.6
Michigan	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.5	5.2	4.9	5.3	5.9	5.6
Minnesota	5.9	5.7	6.0	3.1	6.8	5.8	4.9	5.6	4.2	7.0
Mississippi	6.8	6.1	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.2	5.7	6.6	6.2	5.7
Missouri	6.1	6.5	5.9	5.6	6.0	5.8	5.1	5.9	5.8	5.6
Montana	9.2	8.7	7.8	7.7	8.8	7.8	7.1	8.4	8.5	7.2
Nebraska	6.0	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.7	5.1	5.6	5.9	5.6
Nevada	6.4	6.2	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0	5.5	5.1
New Hampshire	6.7	7.0	6.7	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
New Jersey	6.8	6.1	6.8	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.8
New Mexico	6.7	6.8	6.4	6.1	6.9	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.7	5.8
New York	5.9	6.5	6.3	5.8	5.8	6.0	5.1	5.7	6.1	5.7
North Carolina	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.6	6.1	5.7	5.3	5.7	6.2	4.7
North Dakota	6.4	7.6	6.9	6.6	6.7	6.7	5.6	6.7	6.6	6.3
Ohio	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.2	5.3	5.7	4.9	5.7	5.7	5.2
Oklahoma	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.1	5.9	5.3	6.0	6.0	5.7
Oregon	6.5	7.3	6.4	6.1	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.9	6.9	6.3
Pennsylvania	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.6	5.5	5.2	4.9
Rhode Island	6.9	7.5	6.7	6.5	6.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.8	6.4
South Carolina	6.9	6.8	6.4	6.8	6.2	6.2	5.8	6.8	5.7	5.4
South Dakota	6.5	7.2	6.8	6.3	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.3	5.9
Tennessee	5.8	5.9	5.9	2.7	4.9	5.6	5.0	5.5	4.2	4.6
Texas	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.3	5.0	5.4	5.5	5.2
Utah	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.2
Vermont	7.8	8.2	7.4	6.3	7.2	7.0	6.0	7.5	8.0	6.6
Virginia	6.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.2	5.8	6.0	5.6
Washington	5.9	6.4	6.0	5.4	6.0	5.3	5.5	5.6	6.0	5.2
West Virginia	6.6	7.1	6.1	6.5	6.1	6.4	5.3	6.1	6.5	6.5
Wisconsin	6.0	6.0	5.6	5.2	5.4	5.5	4.9	5.9	5.9	5.1
Wyoming	9.2	8.9	8.4	8.2	8.8	7.9	7.8	8.7	8.2	8.3
Puerto Rico	6.6	5.1	5.8	5.7	4.9	6.1	5.7	4.9	5.4	4.8
Virgin Islands	5.9	7.5	7.4	8.2	5.7	4.7	6.5	6.8	7.1	5.8
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. The sum of the states will not necessarily add to the U.S. total because of the independent seasonal adjustment of each state.