An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race

(See other file formats and annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Total		White		Black or African American		Asian
Employment status, sex, and age	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025	2024	2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,571	273,653	205,086	207,515	35,003	35,794	17,975	19,379
Civilian labor force	168,106	170,807	127,632	128,606	22,047	22,369	11,681	12,695
Participation rate	62.6	62.4	62.2	62.0	63.0	62.5	65.0	65.5
Employed	161,346	163,493	123,033	123,766	20,728	20,823	11,271	12,238
Employment-population ratio	60.1	59.7	60.0	59.6	59.2	58.2	62.7	63.1
Unemployed	6,761	7,314	4,599	4,840	1,318	1,545	410	458
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.3	3.6	3.8	6.0	6.9	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	100,465	102,846	77,454	78,909	12,957	13,425	6,294	6,684

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,939	133,481	101,092	102,333	16,183	16,564	8,525	9,186
Civilian labor force	88,974	90,517	68,682	69,159	10,661	10,906	6,140	6,697
Participation rate	68.0	67.8	67.9	67.6	65.9	65.8	72.0	72.9
Employed	85,313	86,562	66,152	66,473	9,983	10,130	5,925	6,453
Employment-population ratio	65.2	64.8	65.4	65.0	61.7	61.2	69.5	70.2
Unemployed	3,661	3,955	2,530	2,686	677	776	215	244
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.4	3.7	3.9	6.4	7.1	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	41,965	42,964	32,410	33,173	5,523	5,658	2,385	2,489

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,994	124,397	94,602	95,798	14,876	15,224	8,025	8,627
Civilian labor force	85,720	87,269	66,130	66,664	10,267	10,519	6,033	6,560
Participation rate	70.3	70.2	69.9	69.6	69.0	69.1	75.2	76.0
Employed	82,514	83,806	63,918	64,317	9,664	9,835	5,836	6,336
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.4	67.6	67.1	65.0	64.6	72.7	73.4
Unemployed	3,206	3,463	2,212	2,348	603	684	197	224
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.0	3.3	3.5	5.9	6.5	3.3	3.4
Not in labor force	36,273	37,128	28,473	29,134	4,609	4,705	1,992	2,067

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,633	140,172	103,994	105,183	18,820	19,230	9,450	10,193
Civilian labor force	79,132	80,290	58,950	59,446	11,386	11,463	5,541	5,998
Participation rate	57.5	57.3	56.7	56.5	60.5	59.6	58.6	58.8
Employed	76,033	76,931	56,881	57,293	10,745	10,694	5,345	5,785
Employment-population ratio	55.2	54.9	54.7	54.5	57.1	55.6	56.6	56.7
Unemployed	3,100	3,359	2,069	2,154	641	769	196	214
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.2	3.5	3.6	5.6	6.7	3.5	3.6
Not in labor force	58,500	59,881	45,044	45,736	7,434	7,767	3,909	4,195

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,992	131,414	97,775	98,926	17,509	17,890	8,955	9,641
Civilian labor force	75,901	77,082	56,487	56,988	10,992	11,042	5,410	5,889
Participation rate	58.8	58.7	57.8	57.6	62.8	61.7	60.4	61.1
Employed	73,170	74,135	54,678	55,120	10,409	10,343	5,226	5,689
Employment-population ratio	56.7	56.4	55.9	55.7	59.4	57.8	58.4	59.0
Unemployed	2,731	2,947	1,809	1,868	583	698	184	200
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.8	3.2	3.3	5.3	6.3	3.4	3.4
Not in labor force	53,091	54,332	41,288	41,938	6,517	6,848	3,545	3,752

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,586	17,842	12,709	12,791	2,618	2,680	994	1,111
Civilian labor force	6,485	6,456	5,016	4,953	787	809	237	246
Participation rate	36.9	36.2	39.5	38.7	30.1	30.2	23.9	22.2
Employed	5,661	5,551	4,437	4,329	655	645	208	213
Employment-population ratio	32.2	31.1	34.9	33.8	25.0	24.1	21.0	19.2
Unemployed	823	905	579	624	132	164	29	33
Unemployment rate	12.7	14.0	11.5	12.6	16.8	20.2	12.2	13.5
Not in labor force	11,101	11,386	7,693	7,838	1,831	1,871	757	864
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Last Modified Date: February 20, 2026