Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers: 2002
Tables 1 - 10
Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, 2002 annual averages:
- by selected characteristics
- by census region and division
- by State
- by major occupation group
- by major industry group
- by educational attainment
- by age and sex
- by marital status, age, and sex
- by usual hours worked per week
- by sex (1979-2002 annual averages)
Table 1. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2002 annual averages
| Characteristic |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
| AGE AND SEX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
16,191 |
1,158 |
340 |
818 |
22.3 |
53.4 |
59.6 |
51.2 |
7.2 |
2.1 |
5.1 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
5,808 |
605 |
226 |
379 |
8.0 |
27.9 |
39.6 |
23.7 |
10.4 |
3.9 |
6.5 |
|
25 years and over
|
56,529 |
1,010 |
230 |
780 |
77.7 |
46.6 |
40.4 |
48.8 |
1.8 |
0.4 |
1.4 |
|
Men, 16 years and over
|
36,135 |
800 |
218 |
582 |
49.7 |
36.9 |
38.2 |
36.4 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
8,242 |
453 |
146 |
307 |
11.3 |
20.9 |
25.6 |
19.2 |
5.5 |
1.8 |
3.7 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,850 |
243 |
97 |
146 |
3.9 |
11.2 |
17.0 |
9.1 |
8.5 |
3.4 |
5.1 |
|
25 years and over
|
27,893 |
347 |
72 |
275 |
38.4 |
16.0 |
12.6 |
17.2 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
Women, 16 years and over
|
36,585 |
1,368 |
352 |
1,016 |
50.3 |
63.1 |
61.8 |
63.6 |
3.7 |
1.0 |
2.8 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
7,949 |
705 |
194 |
511 |
10.9 |
32.5 |
34.0 |
32.0 |
8.9 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,958 |
361 |
128 |
233 |
4.1 |
16.7 |
22.5 |
14.6 |
12.2 |
4.3 |
7.9 |
|
25 years and over
|
28,636 |
663 |
158 |
505 |
39.4 |
30.6 |
27.7 |
31.6 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
| RACE, SEX AND HISPANIC ORIGIN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White
|
59,199 |
1,781 |
452 |
1,329 |
81.4 |
82.1 |
79.3 |
83.2 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Men
|
29,829 |
626 |
162 |
464 |
41.0 |
28.9 |
28.4 |
29.0 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
|
Women
|
29,370 |
1,155 |
290 |
865 |
40.4 |
53.3 |
50.9 |
54.1 |
3.9 |
1.0 |
2.9 |
|
Black
|
9,692 |
276 |
89 |
187 |
13.3 |
12.7 |
15.6 |
11.7 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
|
Men
|
4,469 |
129 |
44 |
85 |
6.1 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
5.3 |
2.9 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
|
Women
|
5,224 |
147 |
45 |
102 |
7.2 |
6.8 |
7.9 |
6.4 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
2.0 |
|
Hispanic origin
|
11,206 |
305 |
110 |
195 |
15.4 |
14.1 |
19.3 |
12.2 |
2.7 |
1.0 |
1.7 |
|
Men
|
6,624 |
144 |
47 |
97 |
9.1 |
6.6 |
8.2 |
6.1 |
2.2 |
0.7 |
1.5 |
|
Women
|
4,582 |
162 |
64 |
98 |
6.3 |
7.5 |
11.2 |
6.1 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
| FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full-time workers
|
55,029 |
851 |
169 |
682 |
75.7 |
39.3 |
29.6 |
42.7 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
Men
|
30,472 |
367 |
82 |
285 |
41.9 |
16.9 |
14.4 |
17.8 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
|
Women
|
24,557 |
483 |
87 |
396 |
33.8 |
22.3 |
15.3 |
24.8 |
2.0 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
Part-time workers
|
17,568 |
1,309 |
401 |
908 |
24.2 |
60.4 |
70.4 |
56.8 |
7.5 |
2.3 |
5.2 |
|
Men
|
5,599 |
430 |
136 |
294 |
7.7 |
19.8 |
23.9 |
18.4 |
7.7 |
2.4 |
5.3 |
|
Women
|
11,969 |
879 |
265 |
614 |
16.5 |
40.5 |
46.5 |
38.4 |
7.3 |
2.2 |
5.1 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data
for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Also note that the
distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time
status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
top
Table 2. Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by census region and division, 2002 annual averages
| Region and division |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Northeast
|
13,164 |
408 |
83 |
325 |
18.1 |
18.8 |
14.6 |
20.3 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
2.5 |
|
New England
|
3,817 |
85 |
10 |
75 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
1.8 |
4.7 |
2.2 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
|
Middle Atlantic
|
9,347 |
323 |
73 |
250 |
12.9 |
14.9 |
12.8 |
15.6 |
3.5 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
|
Midwest
|
18,797 |
570 |
138 |
432 |
25.8 |
26.3 |
24.2 |
27.0 |
3.0 |
0.7 |
2.3 |
|
East North Central
|
12,955 |
403 |
92 |
311 |
17.8 |
18.6 |
16.1 |
19.5 |
3.1 |
0.7 |
2.4 |
|
West North Central
|
5,842 |
166 |
46 |
120 |
8.0 |
7.7 |
8.1 |
7.5 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
2.1 |
|
South
|
24,324 |
901 |
263 |
638 |
33.4 |
41.6 |
46.1 |
39.9 |
3.7 |
1.1 |
2.6 |
|
South Atlantic
|
12,500 |
411 |
66 |
345 |
17.2 |
19.0 |
11.6 |
21.6 |
3.3 |
0.5 |
2.8 |
|
East South Central
|
4,256 |
161 |
66 |
95 |
5.9 |
7.4 |
11.6 |
5.9 |
3.8 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
|
West South Central
|
7,568 |
329 |
131 |
198 |
10.4 |
15.2 |
23.0 |
12.4 |
4.3 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
|
West
|
16,436 |
288 |
85 |
203 |
22.6 |
13.3 |
14.9 |
12.7 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
1.2 |
|
Mountain
|
4,939 |
172 |
68 |
104 |
6.8 |
7.9 |
11.9 |
6.5 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
|
Pacific
|
11,497 |
116 |
17 |
99 |
15.8 |
5.4 |
3.0 |
6.2 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
0.9 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed. The four major regions and nine census divisions of the United States are as follows:
- Northeast:
- New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
- Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania
- Midwest:
- East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
- West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota
- South:
- South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia
- East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee
- West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas
- West:
- Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming
- Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington
top
Table 3. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by State, 2002 annual averages
| State |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Alabama
|
1,054 |
36 |
11 |
25 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
3.4 |
1.0 |
2.4 |
|
Alaska
|
190 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
1.1 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
Arizona
|
1,293 |
52 |
20 |
32 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
3.5 |
2.0 |
4.0 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
|
Arkansas
|
653 |
34 |
15 |
19 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
1.2 |
5.2 |
2.3 |
2.9 |
|
California
|
8,441 |
85 |
13 |
72 |
11.6 |
3.9 |
2.3 |
4.5 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
|
Colorado
|
1,141 |
34 |
5 |
29 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
0.4 |
2.5 |
|
Connecticut
|
882 |
15 |
3 |
12 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
0.3 |
1.4 |
|
Delaware
|
201 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
2.0 |
|
District of Columbia
|
117 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
3.4 |
0.9 |
2.6 |
|
Florida
|
3,851 |
145 |
20 |
125 |
5.3 |
6.7 |
3.5 |
7.8 |
3.8 |
0.5 |
3.2 |
|
Georgia
|
1,972 |
55 |
3 |
52 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
3.3 |
2.8 |
0.2 |
2.6 |
|
Hawaii
|
293 |
6 |
- |
6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
- |
0.4 |
2.0 |
- |
2.0 |
|
Idaho
|
378 |
15 |
4 |
11 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
2.9 |
|
Illinois
|
3,169 |
97 |
31 |
66 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
5.4 |
4.1 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
|
Indiana
|
1,802 |
54 |
5 |
49 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
0.3 |
2.7 |
|
Iowa
|
900 |
29 |
5 |
24 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
3.2 |
0.6 |
2.7 |
|
Kansas
|
784 |
24 |
9 |
15 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
1.9 |
|
Kentucky
|
1,061 |
49 |
17 |
32 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
4.6 |
1.6 |
3.0 |
|
Louisiana
|
1,034 |
54 |
23 |
31 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
4.0 |
1.9 |
5.2 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
|
Maine
|
391 |
11 |
2 |
9 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
2.8 |
0.5 |
2.3 |
|
Maryland
|
1,347 |
35 |
3 |
32 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
2.0 |
2.6 |
0.2 |
2.4 |
|
Massachusetts
|
1,682 |
38 |
3 |
35 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
0.2 |
2.1 |
|
Michigan
|
2,884 |
88 |
17 |
71 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
3.0 |
4.4 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
2.5 |
|
Minnesota
|
1,608 |
32 |
11 |
21 |
2.2 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
2.0 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
|
Mississippi
|
640 |
34 |
17 |
17 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
5.3 |
2.7 |
2.7 |
|
Missouri
|
1,610 |
48 |
10 |
38 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
2.4 |
|
Montana
|
241 |
7 |
5 |
2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
0.1 |
2.9 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
|
Nebraska
|
515 |
18 |
6 |
12 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
3.5 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
|
Nevada
|
612 |
15 |
9 |
6 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
0.4 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
|
New Hampshire
|
383 |
10 |
1 |
9 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
0.3 |
2.3 |
|
New Jersey
|
1,920 |
72 |
11 |
61 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
1.9 |
3.8 |
3.8 |
0.6 |
3.2 |
|
New Mexico
|
488 |
23 |
14 |
9 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
2.5 |
0.6 |
4.7 |
2.9 |
1.8 |
|
New York
|
4,030 |
136 |
35 |
101 |
5.5 |
6.3 |
6.1 |
6.3 |
3.4 |
0.9 |
2.5 |
|
North Carolina
|
2,043 |
64 |
10 |
54 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
0.5 |
2.6 |
|
North Dakota
|
192 |
8 |
4 |
4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
4.2 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|
Ohio
|
3,323 |
125 |
33 |
92 |
4.6 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
5.8 |
3.8 |
1.0 |
2.8 |
|
Oklahoma
|
869 |
35 |
15 |
20 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
4.0 |
1.7 |
2.3 |
|
Oregon
|
924 |
11 |
2 |
9 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
3,397 |
116 |
27 |
89 |
4.7 |
5.4 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
3.4 |
0.8 |
2.6 |
|
Rhode Island
|
291 |
8 |
1 |
7 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
2.7 |
0.3 |
2.4 |
|
South Carolina
|
930 |
31 |
8 |
23 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
2.5 |
|
South Dakota
|
234 |
7 |
2 |
5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
3.0 |
0.9 |
2.1 |
|
Tennesee
|
1,499 |
43 |
21 |
22 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
|
Texas
|
5,013 |
207 |
78 |
129 |
6.9 |
9.5 |
13.7 |
8.1 |
4.1 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
|
Utah
|
644 |
17 |
8 |
9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
|
Vermont
|
189 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
|
Virginia
|
1,596 |
48 |
8 |
40 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
|
Washington
|
1,648 |
12 |
1 |
11 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
|
West Virginia
|
443 |
25 |
13 |
12 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
0.8 |
5.6 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
|
Wisconsin
|
1,776 |
39 |
6 |
33 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
0.3 |
1.9 |
|
Wyoming
|
141 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and are therefore subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to clearly determine whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning an hourly wage of $5.15 may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Dash represents zero.
top
Table 4. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by major occupation group, 2002 annual averages
| Occupation |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Managerial and professional specialty
|
10,744 |
73 |
25 |
48 |
14.8 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
3.0 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
Executive, administrative, and managerial
|
4,531 |
34 |
6 |
28 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
|
Professional specialty
|
6,212 |
39 |
19 |
20 |
8.5 |
1.8 |
3.3 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Technical, sales, and administrative support
|
22,594 |
331 |
174 |
157 |
31.1 |
15.3 |
30.5 |
9.8 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Technicians and related support
|
2,801 |
11 |
6 |
5 |
3.9 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
Sales occupations
|
7,467 |
205 |
108 |
97 |
10.3 |
9.5 |
18.9 |
6.1 |
2.7 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Administrative support, including clerical
|
12,326 |
115 |
61 |
54 |
16.9 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
3.4 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
|
Service occupations
|
14,235 |
1,454 |
263 |
1,191 |
19.6 |
67.1 |
46.1 |
74.5 |
10.2 |
1.8 |
8.4 |
|
Private household
|
371 |
63 |
5 |
58 |
0.5 |
2.9 |
0.9 |
3.6 |
17.0 |
1.3 |
15.6 |
|
Protective service
|
1,655 |
18 |
3 |
15 |
2.3 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
|
Service, except private household and protective
|
12,209 |
1,373 |
254 |
1,119 |
16.8 |
63.3 |
44.6 |
70.0 |
11.2 |
2.1 |
9.2 |
|
Food service workers
|
5,839 |
1,141 |
166 |
975 |
8.0 |
52.6 |
29.1 |
61.0 |
19.5 |
2.8 |
16.7 |
|
Health service workers
|
2,416 |
44 |
12 |
32 |
3.3 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
1.3 |
|
Cleaning and building service workers
|
2,439 |
80 |
34 |
46 |
3.4 |
3.7 |
6.0 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
|
Personal service workers
|
1,514 |
109 |
42 |
67 |
2.1 |
5.0 |
7.4 |
4.2 |
7.2 |
2.8 |
4.4 |
|
Precision production, craft, and repair
|
9,535 |
55 |
12 |
43 |
13.1 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
Mechanics and repairers
|
3,157 |
17 |
2 |
15 |
4.3 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
Construction trades
|
3,846 |
22 |
4 |
18 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
Other precision, production, craft, and repair
|
2,532 |
17 |
7 |
10 |
3.5 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
|
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
|
14,170 |
217 |
80 |
137 |
19.5 |
10.0 |
14.0 |
8.6 |
1.5 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
|
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
|
5,610 |
47 |
17 |
30 |
7.7 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
1.9 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
Transportation and material moving
|
3,745 |
49 |
11 |
38 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
|
4,815 |
121 |
52 |
69 |
6.6 |
5.6 |
9.1 |
4.3 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
|
Farming, forestry, and fishing
|
1,443 |
37 |
15 |
22 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
1.4 |
2.6 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed.
top
Table 5. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by major industry group, 2002 annual averages
| Industry |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Private sector
|
63,670 |
2,027 |
509 |
1,518 |
87.6 |
93.5 |
89.3 |
95.0 |
3.2 |
0.8 |
2.4 |
|
Goods-producing industries
|
17,909 |
135 |
46 |
89 |
24.6 |
6.2 |
8.1 |
5.6 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
Agriculture
|
1,220 |
29 |
10 |
19 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
2.4 |
0.8 |
1.6 |
|
Mining
|
286 |
1 |
- |
1 |
0.4 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.3 |
- |
0.3 |
|
Construction
|
5,049 |
39 |
5 |
34 |
6.9 |
1.8 |
0.9 |
2.1 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
|
Manufacturing
|
11,355 |
66 |
31 |
35 |
15.6 |
3.0 |
5.4 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Durable goods
|
6,833 |
38 |
17 |
21 |
9.4 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
Nondurable goods
|
4,521 |
28 |
14 |
14 |
6.2 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Service-producing industries
|
45,760 |
1,891 |
463 |
1,428 |
62.9 |
87.2 |
81.2 |
89.4 |
4.1 |
1.0 |
3.1 |
|
Transportation and public utilities
|
4,209 |
39 |
8 |
31 |
5.8 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
2,230 |
13 |
4 |
9 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
Retail trade
|
15,874 |
1,340 |
294 |
1,046 |
21.8 |
61.8 |
51.6 |
65.5 |
8.4 |
1.9 |
6.6 |
|
Finance, insurance, and real estate
|
3,010 |
22 |
8 |
14 |
4.1 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
Services
|
20,436 |
476 |
148 |
328 |
28.1 |
22.0 |
26.0 |
20.5 |
2.3 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
|
Private households
|
414 |
66 |
6 |
60 |
0.6 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
3.8 |
15.9 |
1.4 |
14.5 |
|
Other services
|
20,022 |
412 |
143 |
269 |
27.5 |
19.0 |
25.1 |
16.8 |
2.1 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
|
Business, auto, and repair services
|
4,254 |
63 |
23 |
40 |
5.8 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
|
Personal services
|
1,829 |
114 |
42 |
72 |
2.5 |
5.3 |
7.4 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
2.3 |
3.9 |
|
Entertainment and recreation
|
1,391 |
69 |
17 |
52 |
1.9 |
3.2 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
5.0 |
1.2 |
3.7 |
|
Professional services
|
12,525 |
165 |
61 |
104 |
17.2 |
7.6 |
10.7 |
6.5 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
|
Forestry and fisheries
|
23 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Public sector
|
9,050 |
142 |
61 |
81 |
12.4 |
6.5 |
10.7 |
5.1 |
1.6 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
|
Federal
|
1,786 |
22 |
7 |
15 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
|
State
|
2,382 |
50 |
23 |
27 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
4.0 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
|
Local
|
4,882 |
69 |
30 |
39 |
6.7 |
3.2 |
5.3 |
2.4 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed. Dash represents zero.
top
Table 6. Employed wage and salary workers
paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by educational attainment, 2002 annual averages
| Educational attainment |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
12,577 |
717 |
257 |
460 |
17.3 |
33.1 |
45.1 |
28.8 |
5.7 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
|
Less than 1 year of high school
|
3,389 |
120 |
42 |
78 |
4.7 |
5.5 |
7.4 |
4.9 |
3.5 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
|
1 to 3 years of high school
|
7,902 |
543 |
201 |
342 |
10.9 |
25.0 |
35.3 |
21.4 |
6.9 |
2.5 |
4.3 |
|
4 years of high school, no diploma
|
1,287 |
55 |
14 |
41 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
4.3 |
1.1 |
3.2 |
|
High school graduates or more
|
60,143 |
1,451 |
313 |
1,138 |
82.7 |
66.9 |
54.9 |
71.2 |
2.4 |
0.5 |
1.9 |
|
High school graduates, no college
|
27,428 |
655 |
161 |
494 |
37.7 |
30.2 |
28.2 |
30.9 |
2.4 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
|
Some college, no degree
|
16,376 |
535 |
118 |
417 |
22.5 |
24.7 |
20.7 |
26.1 |
3.3 |
0.7 |
2.5 |
|
Associate degree
|
6,911 |
94 |
17 |
77 |
9.5 |
4.3 |
3.0 |
4.8 |
1.4 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
Occupational program
|
3,867 |
53 |
9 |
44 |
5.3 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
2.8 |
1.4 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
Academic program
|
3,043 |
41 |
8 |
33 |
4.2 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
College graduates, total
|
9,428 |
167 |
16 |
151 |
13.0 |
7.7 |
2.8 |
9.4 |
1.8 |
0.2 |
1.6 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
7,579 |
149 |
14 |
135 |
10.4 |
6.9 |
2.5 |
8.4 |
2.0 |
0.2 |
1.8 |
|
Master's degree
|
1,460 |
14 |
2 |
12 |
2.0 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
|
Professional degree
|
255 |
3 |
- |
3 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
- |
0.2 |
1.2 |
- |
1.2 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
134 |
1 |
- |
1 |
0.2 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.7 |
- |
0.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed. Dash represents zero.
top
Table 7. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by age and sex, 2002 annual averages
| Age and sex |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
| BOTH SEXES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Under 25 years
|
16,191 |
1,158 |
340 |
818 |
22.3 |
53.4 |
59.6 |
51.2 |
7.2 |
2.1 |
5.1 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
5,808 |
605 |
226 |
379 |
8.0 |
27.9 |
39.6 |
23.7 |
10.4 |
3.9 |
6.5 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
10,383 |
553 |
114 |
439 |
14.3 |
25.5 |
20.0 |
27.5 |
5.3 |
1.1 |
4.2 |
|
25 years and over
|
56,529 |
1,010 |
230 |
780 |
77.7 |
46.6 |
40.4 |
48.8 |
1.8 |
0.4 |
1.4 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
16,357 |
375 |
81 |
294 |
22.5 |
17.3 |
14.2 |
18.4 |
2.3 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
8,120 |
208 |
48 |
160 |
11.2 |
9.6 |
8.4 |
10.0 |
2.6 |
0.6 |
2.0 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
8,237 |
167 |
33 |
134 |
11.3 |
7.7 |
5.8 |
8.4 |
2.0 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
17,151 |
264 |
59 |
205 |
23.6 |
12.2 |
10.4 |
12.8 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
8,408 |
139 |
33 |
106 |
11.6 |
6.4 |
5.8 |
6.6 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
8,744 |
125 |
26 |
99 |
12.0 |
5.8 |
4.6 |
6.2 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
14,190 |
167 |
31 |
136 |
19.5 |
7.7 |
5.4 |
8.5 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
7,888 |
97 |
18 |
79 |
10.8 |
4.5 |
3.2 |
4.9 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
6,302 |
69 |
13 |
56 |
8.7 |
3.2 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
6,883 |
106 |
25 |
81 |
9.5 |
4.9 |
4.4 |
5.1 |
1.5 |
0.4 |
1.2 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
4,413 |
57 |
12 |
45 |
6.1 |
2.6 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
2,471 |
49 |
13 |
36 |
3.4 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
2.0 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
|
65 years and over
|
1,948 |
99 |
34 |
65 |
2.7 |
4.6 |
6.0 |
4.1 |
5.1 |
1.7 |
3.3 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
1,107 |
52 |
14 |
38 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
4.7 |
1.3 |
3.4 |
|
70 years and over
|
841 |
47 |
20 |
27 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
1.7 |
5.6 |
2.4 |
3.2 |
| MEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
36,135 |
800 |
218 |
582 |
49.7 |
36.9 |
38.2 |
36.4 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
|
Under 25 years
|
8,242 |
453 |
146 |
307 |
11.3 |
20.9 |
25.6 |
19.2 |
5.5 |
1.8 |
3.7 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,850 |
243 |
97 |
146 |
3.9 |
11.2 |
17.0 |
9.1 |
8.5 |
3.4 |
5.1 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
5,392 |
210 |
49 |
161 |
7.4 |
9.7 |
8.6 |
10.1 |
3.9 |
0.9 |
3.0 |
|
25 years and over
|
27,893 |
347 |
72 |
275 |
38.4 |
16.0 |
12.6 |
17.2 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
8,712 |
136 |
26 |
110 |
12.0 |
6.3 |
4.6 |
6.9 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
4,340 |
86 |
18 |
68 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
2.0 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
4,372 |
52 |
9 |
43 |
6.0 |
2.4 |
1.6 |
2.7 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
8,428 |
87 |
16 |
71 |
11.6 |
4.0 |
2.8 |
4.4 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
4,225 |
45 |
8 |
37 |
5.8 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
4,203 |
43 |
8 |
35 |
5.8 |
2.0 |
1.4 |
2.2 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
6,655 |
57 |
13 |
44 |
9.2 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
3,686 |
32 |
7 |
25 |
5.1 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
2,969 |
25 |
6 |
19 |
4.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
3,190 |
32 |
5 |
27 |
4.4 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
2,058 |
14 |
1 |
13 |
2.8 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
1,132 |
17 |
3 |
14 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
65 years and over
|
907 |
35 |
12 |
23 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
3.9 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
527 |
24 |
8 |
16 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
4.6 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
|
70 years and over
|
380 |
11 |
5 |
6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
2.9 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
| WOMEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
36,585 |
1,368 |
352 |
1,016 |
50.3 |
63.1 |
61.8 |
63.6 |
3.7 |
1.0 |
2.8 |
|
Under 25 years
|
7,949 |
705 |
194 |
511 |
10.9 |
32.5 |
34.0 |
32.0 |
8.9 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,958 |
361 |
128 |
233 |
4.1 |
16.7 |
22.5 |
14.6 |
12.2 |
4.3 |
7.9 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
4,991 |
343 |
65 |
278 |
6.9 |
15.8 |
11.4 |
17.4 |
6.9 |
1.3 |
5.6 |
|
25 years and over
|
28,636 |
663 |
158 |
505 |
39.4 |
30.6 |
27.7 |
31.6 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
7,644 |
238 |
55 |
183 |
10.5 |
11.0 |
9.6 |
11.5 |
3.1 |
0.7 |
2.4 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
3,779 |
122 |
30 |
92 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
5.3 |
5.8 |
3.2 |
0.8 |
2.4 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
3,865 |
116 |
25 |
91 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
4.4 |
5.7 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
2.4 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
8,723 |
177 |
43 |
134 |
12.0 |
8.2 |
7.5 |
8.4 |
2.0 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
4,182 |
94 |
25 |
69 |
5.8 |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.3 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
4,541 |
83 |
19 |
64 |
6.2 |
3.8 |
3.3 |
4.0 |
1.8 |
0.4 |
1.4 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
7,535 |
109 |
18 |
91 |
10.4 |
5.0 |
3.2 |
5.7 |
1.4 |
0.2 |
1.2 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
4,202 |
65 |
11 |
54 |
5.8 |
3.0 |
1.9 |
3.4 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
3,333 |
44 |
7 |
37 |
4.6 |
2.0 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
3,693 |
74 |
20 |
54 |
5.1 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
2,354 |
43 |
11 |
32 |
3.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
1,338 |
31 |
9 |
22 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
|
65 years and over
|
1,041 |
65 |
22 |
43 |
1.4 |
3.0 |
3.9 |
2.7 |
6.2 |
2.1 |
4.1 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
580 |
29 |
7 |
22 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
5.0 |
1.2 |
3.8 |
|
70 years and over
|
461 |
36 |
15 |
21 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
4.6 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self-employed.
top
Table 8. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by marital status, age, and sex, 2002 annual
averages
| Marital status, age and sex |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 |
At or below $5.15 |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
| BOTH SEXES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
72,720 |
2,168 |
570 |
1,598 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
3.0 |
0.8 |
2.2 |
|
Never married
|
24,983 |
1,366 |
380 |
986 |
34.4 |
63.0 |
66.7 |
61.7 |
5.5 |
1.5 |
3.9 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
14,167 |
1,074 |
319 |
755 |
19.5 |
49.5 |
56.0 |
47.2 |
7.6 |
2.3 |
5.3 |
|
25 years and over
|
10,815 |
292 |
61 |
231 |
14.9 |
13.5 |
10.7 |
14.5 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
2.1 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
10,340 |
277 |
57 |
220 |
14.2 |
12.8 |
10.0 |
13.8 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
2.1 |
|
Married, spouse present
|
35,558 |
496 |
108 |
388 |
48.9 |
22.9 |
18.9 |
24.3 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
1,623 |
54 |
13 |
41 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
0.8 |
2.5 |
|
25 years and over
|
33,935 |
442 |
95 |
347 |
46.7 |
20.4 |
16.7 |
21.7 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
28,242 |
341 |
69 |
272 |
38.8 |
15.7 |
12.1 |
17.0 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
Other marital status
|
12,179 |
306 |
82 |
224 |
16.7 |
14.1 |
14.4 |
14.0 |
2.5 |
0.7 |
1.8 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
400 |
30 |
8 |
22 |
0.6 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
7.5 |
2.0 |
5.5 |
|
25 years and over
|
11,778 |
277 |
74 |
203 |
16.2 |
12.8 |
13.0 |
12.7 |
2.4 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
9,116 |
187 |
45 |
142 |
12.5 |
8.6 |
7.9 |
8.9 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
1.6 |
| MEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
36,135 |
800 |
218 |
582 |
49.7 |
36.9 |
38.2 |
36.4 |
2.2 |
0.6 |
1.6 |
|
Never married
|
13,393 |
571 |
163 |
408 |
18.4 |
26.3 |
28.6 |
25.5 |
4.3 |
1.2 |
3.0 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
7,365 |
431 |
139 |
292 |
10.1 |
19.9 |
24.4 |
18.3 |
5.9 |
1.9 |
4.0 |
|
25 years and over
|
6,027 |
141 |
24 |
117 |
8.3 |
6.5 |
4.2 |
7.3 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
1.9 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
5,817 |
134 |
23 |
111 |
8.0 |
6.2 |
4.0 |
6.9 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
1.9 |
|
Married, spouse present
|
18,107 |
159 |
35 |
124 |
24.9 |
7.3 |
6.1 |
7.8 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
721 |
13 |
4 |
9 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
|
25 years and over
|
17,386 |
146 |
31 |
115 |
23.9 |
6.7 |
5.4 |
7.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
25 to 54 years
|
14,248 |
101 |
21 |
80 |
19.6 |
4.7 |
3.7 |
5.0 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
|
Other marital status
|
4,635 |
70 |
20 |
50 |
|
