An official website of the United States government
April 2023
Download 2022 Excel tables (ZIP)
Overview
Technical note
Glossary
Appendix table 1 - sample size
Appendix table 2 - survey scope
The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States.
The Excel tables (ZIP) present December 2022 estimates of paid sick leave and paid vacation plans by length of service requirement, and consolidated leave plan provisions. These estimates were not published with the National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2022 due to the identification of anomalous data that impacted these particular estimates. A data improvement effort was undertaken for the December 2022 reference period.
Number of annual leave days | Civilian workers(1) | Private industry workers |
State and local government workers |
---|---|---|---|
After 1 year |
8 | 7 | 11 |
After 5 years |
8 | 7 | 12 |
After 10 years |
8 | 7 | 12 |
After 20 years |
8 | 7 | 12 |
After 1 year |
11 | 11 | 13 |
After 5 years |
15 | 15 | 16 |
After 10 years |
18 | 18 | 19 |
After 20 years |
20 | 20 | 22 |
Footnotes: |
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SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey |
Access to consolidated leave plans(1)(2) | Civilian workers(3) | Private industry workers |
State and local government workers |
---|---|---|---|
With consolidated leave plans |
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Percentage of workers |
45 | 48 | 15 |
Paid mean number of days by service requirement |
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After 1 year |
14 | 14 | 18 |
After 5 years |
18 | 18 | 21 |
After 10 years |
20 | 20 | 24 |
After 20 years |
23 | 23 | 27 |
With no consolidated leave plans |
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Percentage of workers |
55 | 52 | 85 |
Paid mean number of days by service requirement |
|||
After 1 year |
9 | 8 | 12 |
After 5 years |
13 | 12 | 15 |
After 10 years |
15 | 15 | 18 |
After 20 years |
18 | 17 | 22 |
Footnotes: |
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SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey |
Estimates for prior years and additional benefits publications are available on the Benefits publications page.
For more information on benefits estimates, contact National Compensation Survey staff by:
Email: Online form
Telephone: (202) 691-6199 (Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time)
Assistive communications:
Information voice phone: (202) 691-5200
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.
The contents of this publication are in the public domain and, with appropriate citation, may be reproduced without permission.
U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey data, and prepared survey estimates for publication. For information about the survey design, concepts, and calculations see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures. The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private businesses and state and local government agencies and jurisdictions that provided benefits data. BLS thanks these respondents for their cooperation. Additional information for survey respondents is available on the National Compensation Survey (NCS) Respondents page.
Measures of reliability are available for published estimates, which provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information see Technical Information about Standard Errors for Benefit Estimates.
All estimates shown in the table are based on the set of workers specified in the statement on any subsets indicated by footnotes. For example, the statement may indicate that "All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent.”
Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six wage categories- the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on unpublished December 2022 wages and salaries from the BLS Employer Costs for Employee Compensation publication.
The percentiles are computed using hourly wages and salaries along with scheduled hours of work reported for individual workers in sampled establishments. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual worker wages and salaries for each sampled job. For the calculation of the percentile values, the individual worker hourly wages and salaries are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to the percentiles are:
Ownership | Average hourly wage percentiles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10th | 25th | 50th | 75th | 90th | |
(median) | |||||
Civilian |
$13.94 | $17.00 | $23.20 | $36.53 | $55.19 |
Private industry |
$13.50 | $16.55 | $22.25 | $35.03 | $54.33 |
State and local government |
$16.38 | $21.25 | $31.38 | $43.71 | $59.50 |
The lowest 10- and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly rate less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent category includes those occupations with rates at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations with rates at or above the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage greater than or equal to the 75th percentile value and 90th percentile value, respectively.
Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation into which they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce the benefit estimates.
One-third of the private industry sample had been rotated each year except in years when the government sample was replaced. Beginning with the March 2022 publication, however, an additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact of decreasing response rates. The government sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample. The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March 2017 reference period. As the sample is partially rotated each year and sample weights are updated for the reference period based on the Current Employment Statistics, the estimates are not considered a time-series.
For technical information on survey methods, see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures. The Concepts section provides definitions for worker and establishment characteristics, including geographic areas.
For articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review benefits section and Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits, The Economics Daily and factsheets. Benefit publications from 1980 to the present are available through the publications archive. In addition, the benefits database may also be used to obtain data from 1985 to 2006 and 2010 to the present.
Establishments | Civilian | Private industry | State and local governments |
---|---|---|---|
Total in sampling frame(2) |
7,131,760 | 6,900,980 | 230,780 |
Total in sample |
14,640 | 13,040 | 1,600 |
Responding(3) |
8,380 | 6,950 | 1,430 |
Refused(4) |
5,250 | 5,110 | 140 |
Out of business or not in survey scope |
1,020 | 990 | 30 |
Footnotes: |
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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. |
Occupational group(2) | Civilian workers | Private industry workers | State and local government workers |
---|---|---|---|
All workers |
145,429,400 | 126,545,100 | 18,884,300 |
Management, professional, and related |
46,585,200 | 35,795,300 | 10,789,900 |
Management, business, and financial |
14,660,500 | 13,161,500 | - |
Professional and related |
31,924,700 | 22,633,900 | 9,290,800 |
Teachers |
6,871,900 | - | 5,028,700 |
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers |
4,939,100 | - | 3,898,900 |
Registered nurses |
3,048,300 | - | - |
Service |
31,809,800 | 27,864,300 | 3,945,500 |
Protective service |
3,565,700 | 1,636,700 | 1,929,000 |
Sales and office |
31,433,600 | 28,865,200 | 2,568,400 |
Sales and related |
13,362,600 | 13,283,200 | - |
Office and administrative support |
18,071,000 | 15,582,000 | 2,489,100 |
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance |
11,610,300 | 10,804,500 | 805,800 |
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry |
6,096,600 | 5,653,900 | - |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
5,513,800 | 5,150,600 | - |
Production, transportation, and material moving |
23,990,500 | 23,215,800 | 774,700 |
Production |
9,092,600 | 8,971,400 | - |
Transportation and material moving |
14,898,000 | 14,244,400 | - |
Footnotes: |
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Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for this characteristic are provided in this publication. |
Last Modified Date: April 13, 2023