State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, February 14, 2024  USDL-24-0267
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			    STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 4 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of December, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 2 states and decreased in 1 
state. Total separations rates decreased in 5 states and increased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings, 
hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in December. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In December, job openings rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 
43 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Maine  
(-1.1 percentage points) and North Dakota (-0.8 point), as well as in Illinois and Wisconsin  
(-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Michigan (+1.2 points), Louisiana (+0.7 point), and 
California (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 7 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39 
states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the job openings level 
occurred in Illinois (-42,000), Arizona (-21,000), and Wisconsin (-20,000). The largest increases 
occurred in California (+79,000), Michigan (+63,000), and Louisiana (+15,000). Nationally, the number 
of job openings changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In December, hires rates increased in 2 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 47 states 
and the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in Nevada (+0.9 percentage point) 
and in California (+0.5 point). The decrease occurred in Georgia (-0.7 point). The national hires rate 
changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and 
the District of Columbia in December. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in California 
(+81,000), Arizona (+20,000), and Nevada (+15,000). The decrease occurred in Georgia 
(-36,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In December, total separations rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in 
Michigan (-1.1 percentage points), and in Oregon and South Dakota (-0.9 point each). The increases 
occurred in Maryland (+0.9 point) and South Carolina (+0.8 point). Over the month, the national total 
separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 
43 states and the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the total separations level 
occurred in Michigan (-50,000), Pennsylvania (-28,000), and Colorado (-20,000). The increases 
occurred in Maryland (+23,000) and South Carolina (+18,000). Nationally, the number of total 
separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In December, quits rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 40 states 
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Michigan  
(-1.0 percentage point), South Dakota (-0.9 point), and Oregon (-0.8 point). The increase occurred in 
Georgia (+0.6 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 10 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 39 states and 
the District of Columbia in December. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Michigan  
(-41,000) and Arizona (-17,000), as well as in Indiana and Oregon (-16,000 each). The increase occurred 
in Georgia (+29,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges 
In December, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 3 states and were little changed in 47 states and 
the District of Columbia. The increases occurred in Maryland (+0.7 percentage point), Indiana  
(+0.4 point), and Illinois (+0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was 
unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 4 states and was little changed in 46 states and the 
District of Columbia in December. The largest increases occurred in Illinois (+21,000), Maryland 
(+20,000), and Indiana (+12,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. 
(See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
_______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for January 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, March 19, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,234	9,350	8,852	8,925	9,026	101	6.8	5.6	5.3	5.4	5.4	0.0
Alabama	157	138	122	119	133	14	6.8	6.0	5.4	5.2	5.8	0.6
Alaska	31	26	25	26	23	-3	8.7	7.4	7.1	7.3	6.5	-0.8
Arizona	209	193	184	184	163	-21	6.3	5.7	5.5	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Arkansas	102	88	81	81	82	1	7.0	6.1	5.6	5.6	5.7	0.1
California	1,244	867	800	751	830	79	6.5	4.6	4.2	4.0	4.4	0.4
Colorado	222	202	211	224	207	-17	7.1	6.5	6.7	7.1	6.6	-0.5
Connecticut	116	102	88	88	94	6	6.5	5.7	4.9	4.9	5.3	0.4
Delaware	38	33	30	30	31	1	7.4	6.3	5.8	5.8	6.0	0.2
District of Columbia	47	43	37	40	43	3	5.8	5.2	4.5	4.9	5.2	0.3
Florida	673	606	590	548	535	-13	6.5	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.1	-0.2
Georgia	389	353	333	302	313	11	7.4	6.7	6.3	5.7	5.9	0.2
Hawaii	37	32	30	29	27	-2	5.6	4.8	4.5	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Idaho	68	55	56	52	47	-5	7.5	6.0	6.1	5.7	5.2	-0.5
Illinois	451	371	326	412	370	-42	6.9	5.7	5.0	6.3	5.7	-0.6
Indiana	213	168	165	161	149	-12	6.2	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.3	-0.4
Iowa	128	83	90	89	89	0	7.5	5.0	5.4	5.3	5.3	0.0
Kansas	110	81	79	87	86	-1	7.1	5.3	5.2	5.6	5.6	0.0
Kentucky	148	131	118	116	118	2	7.0	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.5	0.1
Louisiana	181	148	122	117	132	15	8.5	7.0	5.8	5.6	6.3	0.7
Maine	45	45	44	44	36	-8	6.5	6.5	6.3	6.3	5.2	-1.1
Maryland	205	183	173	177	177	0	7.0	6.2	5.9	6.0	6.0	0.0
Massachusetts	268	255	239	228	234	6	6.7	6.3	5.9	5.7	5.8	0.1
Michigan	378	242	234	263	326	63	7.9	5.2	5.0	5.6	6.8	1.2
Minnesota	239	201	192	209	210	1	7.5	6.3	6.0	6.5	6.5	0.0
Mississippi	90	83	88	80	79	-1	7.1	6.6	7.0	6.4	6.3	-0.1
Missouri	220	180	176	174	162	-12	6.9	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.1	-0.4
Montana	46	36	36	35	33	-2	8.2	6.5	6.5	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Nebraska	77	59	55	61	59	-2	6.9	5.3	5.0	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Nevada	106	99	88	85	78	-7	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.1	4.7	-0.4
New Hampshire	51	44	41	40	39	-1	6.8	5.9	5.5	5.4	5.2	-0.2
New Jersey	266	228	215	224	221	-3	5.8	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.8	-0.1
New Mexico	63	57	56	57	54	-3	6.9	6.1	6.0	6.1	5.8	-0.3
New York	483	466	457	467	472	5	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	0.0
North Carolina	367	312	290	294	295	1	7.0	5.9	5.5	5.6	5.6	0.0
North Dakota	31	28	28	29	25	-4	6.7	6.0	6.0	6.2	5.4	-0.8
Ohio	422	354	338	323	330	7	7.1	5.9	5.6	5.4	5.5	0.1
Oklahoma	128	113	105	109	111	2	6.9	6.1	5.7	5.9	6.0	0.1
Oregon	140	116	112	103	94	-9	6.6	5.5	5.3	4.9	4.5	-0.4
Pennsylvania	457	380	390	381	388	7	7.0	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.9	0.1
Rhode Island	38	31	31	30	32	2	7.1	5.9	5.9	5.7	6.0	0.3
South Carolina	190	172	164	166	170	4	7.7	6.9	6.6	6.7	6.8	0.1
South Dakota	31	28	27	29	28	-1	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.8	5.6	-0.2
Tennessee	253	293	215	207	214	7	7.1	8.1	6.1	5.9	6.1	0.2
Texas	1,029	795	742	854	902	48	7.0	5.4	5.0	5.7	6.0	0.3
Utah	122	102	97	85	85	0	6.7	5.6	5.3	4.7	4.7	0.0
Vermont	22	20	19	19	17	-2	6.7	6.1	5.8	5.8	5.3	-0.5
Virginia	352	260	259	254	275	21	7.9	5.9	5.9	5.7	6.2	0.5
Washington	226	170	172	168	152	-16	5.9	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.0	-0.4
West Virginia	67	54	53	52	52	0	8.8	7.1	7.0	6.8	6.8	0.0
Wisconsin	236	206	211	205	185	-20	7.3	6.4	6.5	6.4	5.8	-0.6
Wyoming	24	19	19	18	18	0	7.7	6.1	6.1	5.7	5.7	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,251	5,904	5,828	5,554	5,621	67	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	0.1
Alabama	107	92	79	83	87	4	5.0	4.3	3.7	3.8	4.0	0.2
Alaska	21	18	17	19	19	0	6.5	5.5	5.2	5.8	5.8	0.0
Arizona	142	130	138	115	135	20	4.5	4.1	4.4	3.6	4.2	0.6
Arkansas	68	59	55	59	60	1	5.0	4.3	4.0	4.3	4.4	0.1
California	550	560	550	457	538	81	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.5	3.0	0.5
Colorado	120	117	130	129	132	3	4.2	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.5	0.1
Connecticut	60	59	63	55	59	4	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	0.3
Delaware	25	25	24	23	23	0	5.2	5.1	4.9	4.7	4.7	0.0
District of Columbia	24	24	23	24	23	-1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.9	-0.2
Florida	381	427	396	400	416	16	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2	0.1
Georgia	243	214	224	213	177	-36	5.0	4.3	4.5	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Hawaii	24	21	21	17	20	3	3.8	3.3	3.3	2.7	3.2	0.5
Idaho	42	38	38	36	39	3	5.0	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.5	0.3
Illinois	247	197	225	226	208	-18	4.1	3.2	3.7	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Indiana	142	122	138	123	115	-8	4.4	3.7	4.2	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Iowa	64	52	62	55	48	-7	4.0	3.3	3.9	3.5	3.0	-0.5
Kansas	66	49	51	52	53	1	4.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.6	0.0
Kentucky	92	104	76	74	83	9	4.7	5.1	3.7	3.7	4.1	0.4
Louisiana	100	108	86	90	89	-1	5.2	5.5	4.4	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Maine	27	26	25	24	23	-1	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Maryland	116	109	107	111	94	-17	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.4	-0.6
Massachusetts	116	125	112	104	110	6	3.1	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.9	0.2
Michigan	176	142	151	155	137	-18	4.0	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.1	-0.4
Minnesota	119	111	110	112	107	-5	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Mississippi	57	53	52	50	49	-1	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Missouri	152	110	110	100	98	-2	5.1	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.3	0.0
Montana	29	25	28	23	28	5	5.6	4.8	5.4	4.4	5.3	0.9
Nebraska	42	38	37	38	35	-3	4.0	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Nevada	71	62	64	55	70	15	4.7	4.0	4.1	3.5	4.4	0.9
New Hampshire	30	29	28	28	27	-1	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.8	-0.2
New Jersey	147	163	152	164	152	-12	3.4	3.8	3.5	3.8	3.5	-0.3
New Mexico	36	34	35	32	32	0	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.7	0.0
New York	329	274	282	295	295	0	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.0	0.0
North Carolina	230	194	174	164	159	-5	4.7	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.2	-0.1
North Dakota	19	18	18	18	16	-2	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	3.6	-0.5
Ohio	202	231	204	180	191	11	3.6	4.1	3.6	3.2	3.4	0.2
Oklahoma	83	85	81	76	74	-2	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Oregon	77	76	79	67	70	3	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.4	3.5	0.1
Pennsylvania	179	220	193	196	182	-14	2.9	3.6	3.1	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Rhode Island	21	21	21	20	20	0	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.0	0.0
South Carolina	122	105	106	94	103	9	5.4	4.5	4.6	4.0	4.4	0.4
South Dakota	20	18	19	19	18	-1	4.4	3.9	4.1	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Tennessee	154	159	140	130	138	8	4.7	4.8	4.2	3.9	4.2	0.3
Texas	613	550	579	555	579	24	4.5	3.9	4.1	3.9	4.1	0.2
Utah	78	69	73	65	70	5	4.6	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.1	0.3
Vermont	13	13	13	13	12	-1	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2	3.9	-0.3
Virginia	177	173	167	161	154	-7	4.3	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Washington	134	112	117	107	113	6	3.7	3.1	3.2	2.9	3.1	0.2
West Virginia	36	34	33	30	31	1	5.2	4.8	4.7	4.2	4.3	0.1
Wisconsin	111	96	108	103	95	-8	3.7	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Wyoming	15	13	13	13	14	1	5.2	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.7	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,906	5,595	5,632	5,401	5,365	-36	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.4	0.0
Alabama	93	86	85	85	80	-5	4.4	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Alaska	20	18	17	17	18	1	6.2	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.5	0.3
Arizona	125	135	133	132	120	-12	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.2	3.8	-0.4
Arkansas	58	56	52	56	54	-2	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.0	-0.1
California	616	520	494	513	517	4	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.8	0.0
Colorado	122	100	118	117	97	-20	4.2	3.4	4.0	4.0	3.3	-0.7
Connecticut	58	51	59	51	57	6	3.5	3.0	3.5	3.0	3.4	0.4
Delaware	22	24	24	21	20	-1	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.3	4.1	-0.2
District of Columbia	26	23	24	24	22	-2	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Florida	373	391	381	385	374	-11	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Georgia	204	202	204	185	206	21	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.7	4.2	0.5
Hawaii	22	23	18	19	19	0	3.5	3.6	2.8	3.0	3.0	0.0
Idaho	51	43	37	42	37	-5	6.1	5.0	4.3	4.9	4.3	-0.6
Illinois	217	185	194	172	191	19	3.6	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.1	0.3
Indiana	143	129	125	132	126	-6	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Iowa	61	54	55	57	54	-3	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Kansas	56	56	46	52	55	3	3.9	3.9	3.2	3.6	3.8	0.2
Kentucky	87	88	77	76	70	-6	4.4	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Louisiana	93	100	96	81	86	5	4.8	5.1	4.9	4.1	4.4	0.3
Maine	26	25	33	27	24	-3	4.0	3.9	5.1	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Maryland	123	107	110	89	112	23	4.5	3.9	4.0	3.2	4.1	0.9
Massachusetts	97	82	113	102	102	0	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Michigan	161	146	138	161	111	-50	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.6	2.5	-1.1
Minnesota	98	119	96	106	100	-6	3.3	4.0	3.2	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Mississippi	50	54	52	48	49	1	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.1	4.2	0.1
Missouri	119	114	106	98	101	3	4.0	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.4	0.1
Montana	28	30	30	28	27	-1	5.4	5.8	5.8	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Nebraska	36	38	33	38	38	0	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.6	3.6	0.0
Nevada	65	60	59	62	60	-2	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	-0.1
New Hampshire	28	27	31	24	24	0	4.0	3.8	4.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
New Jersey	155	129	183	140	138	-2	3.6	3.0	4.2	3.2	3.2	0.0
New Mexico	33	35	33	34	30	-4	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.4	-0.5
New York	280	260	299	291	277	-14	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.0	2.8	-0.2
North Carolina	179	202	205	167	180	13	3.7	4.1	4.2	3.4	3.6	0.2
North Dakota	20	18	15	19	19	0	4.6	4.1	3.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
Ohio	208	202	201	188	187	-1	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
Oklahoma	74	70	73	63	66	3	4.3	4.0	4.2	3.6	3.8	0.2
Oregon	68	79	77	76	58	-18	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.8	2.9	-0.9
Pennsylvania	203	177	234	190	162	-28	3.3	2.9	3.8	3.1	2.6	-0.5
Rhode Island	21	19	22	19	20	1	4.2	3.8	4.4	3.8	4.0	0.2
South Carolina	113	113	101	81	99	18	5.0	4.9	4.4	3.5	4.3	0.8
South Dakota	20	19	17	23	19	-4	4.4	4.1	3.6	4.9	4.0	-0.9
Tennessee	142	142	150	131	138	7	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.0	4.2	0.2
Texas	580	524	497	478	529	51	4.2	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.8	0.4
Utah	84	73	65	73	75	2	5.0	4.2	3.8	4.2	4.3	0.1
Vermont	13	12	14	12	13	1	4.3	3.9	4.6	3.9	4.2	0.3
Virginia	154	147	156	141	150	9	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.6	0.2
Washington	128	123	98	117	104	-13	3.6	3.4	2.7	3.2	2.8	-0.4
West Virginia	31	35	33	29	33	4	4.5	5.0	4.7	4.1	4.6	0.5
Wisconsin	110	109	101	110	105	-5	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Wyoming	16	15	14	15	14	-1	5.5	5.1	4.8	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,091	3,646	3,628	3,524	3,392	-132	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Alabama	68	56	58	54	57	3	3.2	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	0.1
Alaska	14	11	10	11	10	-1	4.3	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Arizona	94	93	87	82	65	-17	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.0	-0.6
Arkansas	41	37	35	38	36	-2	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.6	-0.2
California	416	316	311	310	312	2	2.3	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
Colorado	85	65	68	68	53	-15	2.9	2.2	2.3	2.3	1.8	-0.5
Connecticut	36	33	29	30	32	2	2.2	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	0.1
Delaware	15	16	15	13	13	0	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.7	2.7	0.0
District of Columbia	17	15	15	14	14	0	2.2	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.0
Florida	288	283	268	286	261	-25	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6	-0.3
Georgia	154	140	139	119	148	29	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.4	3.0	0.6
Hawaii	16	13	11	12	11	-1	2.6	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.7	-0.2
Idaho	39	28	22	27	21	-6	4.7	3.3	2.6	3.1	2.4	-0.7
Illinois	143	124	138	131	123	-8	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Indiana	97	85	88	81	65	-16	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.0	-0.5
Iowa	41	34	37	39	35	-4	2.6	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Kansas	38	33	30	36	36	0	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.5	0.0
Kentucky	66	60	54	51	46	-5	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Louisiana	65	65	60	53	53	0	3.4	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.7	0.0
Maine	16	14	15	18	14	-4	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.7	2.1	-0.6
Maryland	73	69	69	57	60	3	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.2	0.1
Massachusetts	62	55	59	52	61	9	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.6	0.2
Michigan	107	92	90	109	68	-41	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.5	1.5	-1.0
Minnesota	67	65	68	76	67	-9	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Mississippi	35	35	36	32	33	1	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.7	2.8	0.1
Missouri	75	67	73	69	65	-4	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Montana	21	18	17	17	16	-1	4.1	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Nebraska	24	24	22	26	24	-2	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Nevada	48	40	38	37	35	-2	3.1	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.2	-0.1
New Hampshire	16	15	17	15	14	-1	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.0	-0.1
New Jersey	83	85	88	74	79	5	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.7	1.8	0.1
New Mexico	23	23	22	22	16	-6	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	1.8	-0.7
New York	181	148	161	174	174	0	1.9	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.8	0.0
North Carolina	129	133	134	99	106	7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.0	2.1	0.1
North Dakota	13	12	11	13	12	-1	3.0	2.7	2.5	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Ohio	147	117	131	130	114	-16	2.6	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.0	-0.3
Oklahoma	49	46	50	43	41	-2	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Oregon	52	50	49	52	36	-16	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6	1.8	-0.8
Pennsylvania	125	121	129	126	111	-15	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Rhode Island	12	11	11	12	11	-1	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
South Carolina	79	75	65	57	65	8	3.5	3.2	2.8	2.5	2.8	0.3
South Dakota	13	12	11	16	12	-4	2.8	2.6	2.4	3.4	2.5	-0.9
Tennessee	96	96	108	85	90	5	2.9	2.9	3.3	2.6	2.7	0.1
Texas	441	383	363	334	368	34	3.2	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.6	0.2
Utah	65	47	43	47	47	0	3.8	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.7	0.0
Vermont	8	7	7	8	8	0	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.6	0.0
Virginia	108	101	103	93	95	2	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.3	0.1
Washington	85	74	61	71	61	-10	2.4	2.0	1.7	1.9	1.7	-0.2
West Virginia	23	23	22	19	22	3	3.3	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.1	0.4
Wisconsin	70	72	71	74	68	-6	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Wyoming	12	10	9	10	8	-2	4.2	3.4	3.1	3.4	2.7	-0.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Sept. 2023	Oct. 2023	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Change from: Nov. 2023 - Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,475	1,610	1,643	1,531	1,616	85	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	20	25	22	25	20	-5	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Alaska	5	6	5	5	6	1	1.5	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.8	0.3
Arizona	23	33	38	43	36	-7	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Arkansas	13	17	14	14	15	1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
California	159	162	158	171	163	-8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
Colorado	25	27	41	39	35	-4	0.9	0.9	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Connecticut	18	12	25	17	19	2	1.1	0.7	1.5	1.0	1.1	0.1
Delaware	5	7	7	6	6	0	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.2	0.0
District of Columbia	6	7	6	7	7	0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Florida	66	89	94	83	93	10	0.7	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.1
Georgia	39	49	45	54	47	-7	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Hawaii	5	7	6	6	7	1	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.2
Idaho	10	11	12	13	13	0	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	0.0
Illinois	66	52	50	35	56	21	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.3
Indiana	40	33	32	43	55	12	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.7	0.4
Iowa	16	17	15	14	16	2	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
Kansas	15	20	13	13	15	2	1.0	1.4	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
Kentucky	15	24	18	20	20	0	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.0
Louisiana	20	30	28	22	27	5	1.0	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.4	0.3
Maine	8	7	15	7	8	1	1.2	1.1	2.3	1.1	1.2	0.1
Maryland	41	32	31	25	45	20	1.5	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.6	0.7
Massachusetts	27	18	43	39	30	-9	0.7	0.5	1.1	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Michigan	47	48	41	44	34	-10	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Minnesota	25	48	22	24	30	6	0.8	1.6	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.2
Mississippi	12	17	12	12	14	2	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Missouri	39	41	27	22	30	8	1.3	1.4	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.3
Montana	6	8	12	9	9	0	1.2	1.5	2.3	1.7	1.7	0.0
Nebraska	10	12	8	11	12	1	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.1
Nevada	14	16	17	21	21	0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
New Hampshire	10	8	11	7	7	0	1.4	1.1	1.6	1.0	1.0	0.0
New Jersey	64	33	84	38	41	3	1.5	0.8	1.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
New Mexico	7	9	9	9	12	3	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.4
New York	76	94	118	100	83	-17	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	-0.1
North Carolina	42	64	52	58	63	5	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	0.1
North Dakota	6	6	4	5	6	1	1.4	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.3
Ohio	51	74	58	49	61	12	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.2
Oklahoma	20	21	17	15	21	6	1.2	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.3
Oregon	11	22	23	20	17	-3	0.6	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Pennsylvania	64	46	92	46	43	-3	1.1	0.7	1.5	0.7	0.7	0.0
Rhode Island	7	6	9	6	7	1	1.4	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.4	0.2
South Carolina	24	35	29	20	30	10	1.1	1.5	1.3	0.9	1.3	0.4
South Dakota	6	6	4	5	6	1	1.3	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.3	0.2
Tennessee	37	42	35	38	42	4	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.2
Texas	120	123	111	128	137	9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Utah	16	20	18	23	21	-2	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Vermont	4	3	5	3	4	1	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.0	1.3	0.3
Virginia	35	42	42	36	47	11	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.2
Washington	36	39	31	40	34	-6	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West Virginia	6	10	8	8	8	0	0.9	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Wisconsin	35	32	25	28	30	2	1.2	1.1	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.1
Wyoming	3	4	4	4	4	0	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,164	8,262	8,363	6.1	5.0	5.0
Alabama	148	111	128	6.4	4.8	5.5
Alaska	28	20	20	8.2	6.0	6.1
Arizona	203	174	150	6.0	5.1	4.4
Arkansas	93	69	76	6.4	4.8	5.2
California	1,128	707	752	5.9	3.7	3.9
Colorado	210	206	200	6.8	6.6	6.4
Connecticut	106	84	88	5.9	4.6	4.9
Delaware	31	25	27	6.0	4.9	5.2
District of Columbia	39	36	37	4.8	4.4	4.5
Florida	622	520	492	6.0	5.0	4.7
Georgia	362	283	295	6.9	5.4	5.6
Hawaii	42	27	30	6.1	4.1	4.4
Idaho	68	47	46	7.5	5.1	5.1
Illinois	411	368	353	6.3	5.6	5.4
Indiana	182	156	131	5.3	4.5	3.8
Iowa	110	85	83	6.5	5.0	5.0
Kansas	96	83	80	6.2	5.3	5.2
Kentucky	134	112	107	6.3	5.2	5.0
Louisiana	153	103	117	7.3	4.9	5.5
Maine	44	42	36	6.4	6.0	5.2
Maryland	190	152	168	6.5	5.2	5.7
Massachusetts	242	208	217	6.1	5.2	5.4
Michigan	307	256	273	6.5	5.4	5.8
Minnesota	216	187	204	6.8	5.8	6.4
Mississippi	82	69	73	6.5	5.5	5.9
Missouri	203	167	152	6.4	5.2	4.8
Montana	49	32	35	8.7	5.7	6.3
Nebraska	67	57	54	6.0	5.1	4.9
Nevada	99	79	69	6.1	4.7	4.2
New Hampshire	52	38	41	6.9	5.1	5.5
New Jersey	255	215	219	5.6	4.7	4.8
New Mexico	59	52	50	6.4	5.5	5.4
New York	444	422	451	4.4	4.1	4.4
North Carolina	319	261	262	6.1	5.0	5.0
North Dakota	28	27	24	6.2	5.8	5.1
Ohio	364	303	290	6.1	5.1	4.9
Oklahoma	118	98	104	6.4	5.3	5.6
Oregon	140	96	91	6.6	4.5	4.3
Pennsylvania	439	359	392	6.7	5.4	5.9
Rhode Island	33	26	29	6.3	5.0	5.4
South Carolina	175	147	165	7.1	5.9	6.6
South Dakota	28	26	26	5.7	5.2	5.3
Tennessee	210	192	182	6.0	5.4	5.2
Texas	860	782	807	5.9	5.2	5.4
Utah	122	77	84	6.7	4.2	4.6
Vermont	24	18	19	7.2	5.5	5.9
Virginia	336	235	271	7.5	5.3	6.1
Washington	199	155	132	5.3	4.1	3.5
West Virginia	60	44	46	7.9	5.7	6.1
Wisconsin	208	211	164	6.5	6.5	5.1
Wyoming	27	15	20	8.6	4.9	6.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,641	5,067	4,102	3.0	3.2	2.6
Alabama	83	73	65	3.9	3.4	3.0
Alaska	12	13	11	3.9	4.0	3.5
Arizona	97	104	92	3.1	3.2	2.8
Arkansas	46	49	41	3.4	3.6	3.0
California	401	464	396	2.2	2.5	2.2
Colorado	94	117	106	3.2	4.0	3.6
Connecticut	42	50	42	2.5	2.9	2.4
Delaware	17	20	15	3.5	4.1	3.0
District of Columbia	17	20	16	2.2	2.5	2.0
Florida	293	385	324	3.0	3.9	3.2
Georgia	186	190	132	3.8	3.8	2.7
Hawaii	20	16	17	3.1	2.6	2.6
Idaho	30	33	28	3.6	3.8	3.2
Illinois	207	213	170	3.4	3.4	2.8
Indiana	108	122	82	3.3	3.7	2.5
Iowa	49	50	37	3.1	3.1	2.3
Kansas	49	47	42	3.4	3.2	2.9
Kentucky	68	73	62	3.4	3.6	3.0
Louisiana	73	69	56	3.7	3.5	2.8
Maine	19	18	17	3.0	2.8	2.6
Maryland	87	104	69	3.2	3.8	2.5
Massachusetts	79	84	72	2.1	2.2	1.9
Michigan	144	147	105	3.3	3.3	2.4
Minnesota	95	102	85	3.2	3.4	2.8
Mississippi	42	46	36	3.6	3.9	3.1
Missouri	111	89	70	3.8	2.9	2.3
Montana	23	20	23	4.5	3.8	4.4
Nebraska	34	34	28	3.3	3.2	2.7
Nevada	46	49	47	3.0	3.1	2.9
New Hampshire	23	22	20	3.3	3.1	2.8
New Jersey	103	140	102	2.4	3.2	2.3
New Mexico	22	27	20	2.6	3.1	2.2
New York	225	259	206	2.3	2.6	2.1
North Carolina	155	131	103	3.2	2.6	2.1
North Dakota	14	16	12	3.2	3.7	2.6
Ohio	147	175	134	2.6	3.1	2.4
Oklahoma	65	68	54	3.7	3.9	3.1
Oregon	56	60	50	2.8	3.0	2.5
Pennsylvania	133	184	131	2.2	3.0	2.1
Rhode Island	14	16	14	2.9	3.2	2.7
South Carolina	92	86	73	4.0	3.7	3.1
South Dakota	14	16	13	3.2	3.3	2.8
Tennessee	114	120	96	3.4	3.6	2.9
Texas	465	519	439	3.4	3.6	3.1
Utah	58	58	53	3.4	3.3	3.1
Vermont	11	11	10	3.6	3.5	3.2
Virginia	141	147	114	3.4	3.5	2.7
Washington	95	86	75	2.7	2.4	2.0
West Virginia	26	25	22	3.7	3.5	3.0
Wisconsin	84	92	67	2.8	3.0	2.2
Wyoming	13	9	11	4.4	3.1	3.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,598	4,784	5,074	3.6	3.0	3.2
Alabama	82	72	69	3.8	3.3	3.2
Alaska	18	21	15	5.6	6.8	4.9
Arizona	109	111	106	3.4	3.4	3.3
Arkansas	52	50	48	3.8	3.7	3.5
California	600	442	510	3.3	2.4	2.8
Colorado	119	109	93	4.1	3.7	3.2
Connecticut	58	45	58	3.4	2.6	3.4
Delaware	19	19	16	3.9	3.8	3.4
District of Columbia	23	19	21	3.0	2.5	2.7
Florida	345	328	339	3.6	3.3	3.4
Georgia	187	152	188	3.8	3.0	3.8
Hawaii	17	14	16	2.7	2.2	2.5
Idaho	47	42	37	5.6	4.8	4.3
Illinois	220	163	189	3.6	2.6	3.1
Indiana	129	119	119	4.0	3.6	3.6
Iowa	60	54	50	3.8	3.4	3.2
Kansas	49	47	47	3.4	3.2	3.2
Kentucky	78	66	63	3.9	3.2	3.1
Louisiana	83	68	74	4.3	3.4	3.7
Maine	26	32	26	4.1	4.9	4.0
Maryland	116	72	113	4.2	2.6	4.1
Massachusetts	93	93	101	2.5	2.4	2.6
Michigan	155	149	105	3.5	3.4	2.4
Minnesota	103	111	102	3.5	3.7	3.4
Mississippi	45	38	42	3.8	3.2	3.6
Missouri	114	82	96	3.8	2.7	3.2
Montana	26	32	24	5.1	6.1	4.5
Nebraska	34	35	35	3.2	3.3	3.3
Nevada	61	60	58	4.0	3.8	3.6
New Hampshire	29	24	24	4.2	3.4	3.4
New Jersey	157	122	135	3.6	2.8	3.1
New Mexico	30	29	28	3.5	3.3	3.2
New York	277	267	276	2.8	2.7	2.8
North Carolina	153	136	152	3.1	2.7	3.1
North Dakota	20	20	19	4.7	4.5	4.3
Ohio	203	164	175	3.6	2.9	3.1
Oklahoma	66	53	60	3.8	3.0	3.4
Oregon	65	74	58	3.2	3.7	2.9
Pennsylvania	215	178	162	3.5	2.9	2.6
Rhode Island	21	19	21	4.2	3.7	4.1
South Carolina	103	68	91	4.5	2.9	3.9
South Dakota	18	22	18	4.0	4.8	3.8
Tennessee	129	103	122	3.9	3.1	3.7
Texas	534	407	505	3.9	2.9	3.5
Utah	79	68	75	4.6	3.9	4.3
Vermont	13	13	13	4.3	4.2	4.2
Virginia	151	117	147	3.6	2.8	3.5
Washington	116	113	93	3.2	3.1	2.5
West Virginia	28	25	29	4.0	3.6	4.1
Wisconsin	108	99	100	3.6	3.3	3.3
Wyoming	13	19	12	4.6	6.5	4.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,540	3,015	2,852	2.3	1.9	1.8
Alabama	54	45	44	2.5	2.1	2.0
Alaska	12	13	8	3.8	4.1	2.5
Arizona	83	67	56	2.6	2.1	1.7
Arkansas	34	33	29	2.5	2.4	2.1
California	362	265	273	2.0	1.4	1.5
Colorado	86	60	49	3.0	2.1	1.7
Connecticut	31	25	26	1.8	1.4	1.5
Delaware	13	12	10	2.6	2.5	2.1
District of Columbia	14	11	11	1.8	1.4	1.4
Florida	271	247	239	2.8	2.5	2.4
Georgia	133	96	130	2.7	1.9	2.6
Hawaii	12	8	9	2.0	1.3	1.4
Idaho	35	24	18	4.1	2.8	2.1
Illinois	129	116	109	2.1	1.9	1.8
Indiana	81	71	53	2.5	2.1	1.6
Iowa	35	36	28	2.2	2.2	1.7
Kansas	30	32	28	2.1	2.1	1.9
Kentucky	56	43	37	2.8	2.1	1.8
Louisiana	56	43	41	2.9	2.1	2.0
Maine	13	19	11	2.1	3.0	1.8
Maryland	58	47	47	2.1	1.7	1.7
Massachusetts	48	46	49	1.3	1.2	1.3
Michigan	95	95	59	2.2	2.1	1.3
Minnesota	62	71	60	2.1	2.4	2.0
Mississippi	30	25	26	2.6	2.1	2.2
Missouri	65	56	55	2.2	1.9	1.8
Montana	18	19	12	3.5	3.6	2.3
Nebraska	20	22	19	1.9	2.1	1.8
Nevada	44	34	30	2.8	2.1	1.9
New Hampshire	12	13	11	1.8	1.8	1.5
New Jersey	61	61	57	1.4	1.4	1.3
New Mexico	21	19	13	2.4	2.2	1.5
New York	165	151	164	1.7	1.5	1.7
North Carolina	105	81	76	2.1	1.6	1.5
North Dakota	11	13	10	2.6	2.9	2.3
Ohio	127	106	91	2.3	1.9	1.6
Oklahoma	41	35	33	2.4	2.0	1.9
Oregon	47	46	32	2.4	2.3	1.6
Pennsylvania	105	108	88	1.7	1.7	1.4
Rhode Island	10	10	9	2.0	2.1	1.8
South Carolina	68	47	54	3.0	2.0	2.3
South Dakota	11	16	9	2.4	3.3	2.0
Tennessee	84	67	73	2.5	2.0	2.2
Texas	371	283	309	2.7	2.0	2.2
Utah	60	40	44	3.5	2.3	2.5
Vermont	6	7	6	2.0	2.4	1.9
Virginia	96	76	79	2.3	1.8	1.9
Washington	68	62	47	1.9	1.7	1.3
West Virginia	19	16	19	2.7	2.3	2.6
Wisconsin	62	67	58	2.1	2.2	1.9
Wyoming	9	13	6	3.1	4.3	2.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)	Dec. 2022	Nov. 2023	Dec. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,698	1,465	1,826	1.1	0.9	1.2
Alabama	23	22	21	1.1	1.0	1.0
Alaska	4	7	6	1.4	2.2	1.9
Arizona	22	39	33	0.7	1.2	1.0
Arkansas	15	13	16	1.1	1.0	1.2
California	185	148	185	1.0	0.8	1.0
Colorado	25	39	35	0.9	1.3	1.2
Connecticut	23	16	25	1.3	0.9	1.5
Delaware	5	5	5	1.1	1.1	1.1
District of Columbia	6	6	8	0.7	0.8	1.0
Florida	55	69	80	0.6	0.7	0.8
Georgia	44	45	49	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hawaii	4	4	6	0.6	0.7	0.9
Idaho	10	16	15	1.2	1.8	1.7
Illinois	82	42	68	1.3	0.7	1.1
Indiana	42	43	61	1.3	1.3	1.9
Iowa	21	15	19	1.3	0.9	1.2
Kansas	16	12	15	1.1	0.8	1.0
Kentucky	18	19	22	0.9	0.9	1.1
Louisiana	21	20	28	1.1	1.0	1.4
Maine	11	10	12	1.7	1.5	1.8
Maryland	50	20	60	1.8	0.7	2.2
Massachusetts	35	39	39	0.9	1.0	1.0
Michigan	53	49	36	1.2	1.1	0.8
Minnesota	34	34	38	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mississippi	12	10	14	1.0	0.8	1.2
Missouri	42	21	34	1.4	0.7	1.1
Montana	7	11	9	1.3	2.1	1.7
Nebraska	12	11	14	1.1	1.1	1.3
Nevada	15	23	23	1.0	1.4	1.4
New Hampshire	15	8	10	2.1	1.2	1.4
New Jersey	90	37	60	2.1	0.8	1.4
New Mexico	7	8	12	0.8	0.9	1.4
New York	81	99	87	0.8	1.0	0.9
North Carolina	41	45	66	0.8	0.9	1.3
North Dakota	8	6	8	1.9	1.3	1.8
Ohio	62	51	68	1.1	0.9	1.2
Oklahoma	21	13	23	1.2	0.8	1.3
Oregon	14	25	20	0.7	1.2	1.0
Pennsylvania	93	52	65	1.5	0.8	1.0
Rhode Island	10	6	9	1.9	1.2	1.9
South Carolina	25	17	32	1.1	0.7	1.4
South Dakota	7	6	7	1.5	1.2	1.6
Tennessee	37	30	43	1.1	0.9	1.3
Texas	143	111	169	1.0	0.8	1.2
Utah	17	24	23	1.0	1.4	1.3
Vermont	6	4	6	1.8	1.3	1.8
Virginia	44	30	59	1.1	0.7	1.4
Washington	39	46	36	1.1	1.3	1.0
West Virginia	7	7	9	0.9	1.0	1.2
Wisconsin	40	27	34	1.3	0.9	1.1
Wyoming	3	6	4	1.2	1.9	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary