State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, May 17, 2023	USDL-23-1012
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 15 states and increased in 1 state and the District of Columbia on the last 
business day of March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 5 
states and increased in 2 states. Total separations rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 2 states. 
Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates showed little or no change in March.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In March, job openings rates decreased in 15 states, increased in 1 state and the District of Columbia, 
and were little changed in 34 states. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Colorado, 
Kansas, and Maryland (-1.4 percentage points each). The increases occurred in the District of Columbia 
(+0.9 point) and Florida (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was little changed. 
(See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 18 states, increased in 4 states and the District of Columbia, 
and was little changed in 28 states in March. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in 
California (-74,000) and Texas (-52,000), as well as in Colorado and Illinois (-48,000 each). The largest 
increases occurred in Florida (+55,000), Ohio (+23,000), and Massachusetts (+17,000). Nationally, the 
number of job openings decreased over the month (-384,000). (See table A.)

Hires

In March, hires rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Nebraska (-1.3 percentage 
points), Mississippi (-0.9 point), and Kansas (-0.8 point). The increases occurred in New Jersey  
(+1.5 points) and Maine (+1.3 points). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table B.)

The number of hires decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 
the District of Columbia in March. The decreases in the hires level occurred in North Carolina  
(-32,000), Nebraska (-13,000), as well as in Kansas and Mississippi (-11,000 each). The increases 
occurred in New Jersey (+63,000) and Maine (+8,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little 
over the month. (See table B.)

Total Separations

In March, total separations rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 
43 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in New 
Hampshire (+1.2 percentage points), Tennessee (+0.9 point), and Montana (+0.8 point). The decreases 
occurred in Georgia (-0.6 point) and Texas (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national total separations 
rate was unchanged. (See table C.)

In March, the number of total separations increased in 8 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little 
changed in 40 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the total separations level 
occurred in Michigan and Tennessee (+32,000 each), as well as in Pennsylvania (+27,000). The 
decreases occurred in Texas (-71,000) and Georgia (-30,000). Nationally, the number of total 
separations was little changed over the month. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In March, quits rates decreased in 4 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 3 states, and were 
little changed in 43 states. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Georgia (-0.9 percentage 
point), the District of Columbia (-0.7 point), and Alaska (-0.6 point). The increases occurred in New 
Hampshire (+0.8 point), Maryland (+0.5 point), and Pennsylvania (+0.4 point). Over the month, the 
national quits rate changed little. (See table D.)

The number of quits decreased in 4 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 4 states, and was 
little changed in 42 states in March. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Texas 
(-63,000), Georgia (-45,000), and North Carolina (-17,000). The largest increases occurred in 
Pennsylvania (+25,000), as well as in Maryland and Michigan (+13,000 each). Nationally, the number 
of quits was little changed over the month. (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In March, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 5 states and were little changed in 45 states and the 
District of Columbia. The largest increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Tennessee  
(+1.3 percentage points), Massachusetts (+0.9 point), and Michigan (+0.5 point). Over the month, the 
national layoffs and discharges rate increased (+0.2 point). (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 11 states and was little changed in 39 states and the 
District of Columbia in March. The largest increases in the layoffs and discharges levels occurred in 
California (+47,000), Tennessee (+45,000), and Massachusetts (+33,000). Nationally, the number of 
layoffs and discharges increased over the month (+248,000). (See table E.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
_______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, June 21, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		Upcoming Changes to State Estimates from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover			|
|						Survey								| 
|														|
|Effective with the release of May 2023 data on July 26, 2023, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 		|
|Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked, or revised, to incorporate the annual updates to 		|
|the Current Employment Statistics state employment estimates, Quarterly Census of Employment and 		|
|Wages (QCEW) updates through fourth quarter 2022, revised JOLTS national data, and revised JOLTS 		|
|seasonal adjustment factors. In 2022, state estimates were benchmarked in June with the release of April	| 
|data. The change in the release date from June to July is being made to incorporate QCEW data through 		|
|the fourth quarter of 2022. Not seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January 2018 	|
|forward are subject to revision. Additional historical data may also be revised due to benchmarking. 		|
|														|
|JOLTS will introduce several changes to the monthly news release tables beginning with the May 2023 		|
|news release. Significance tables A through E will be removed from the news release and provided as 		|
|supplemental tables on the JOLTS website. JOLTS will also introduce over-the-month change columns 		|
|for levels and rates to tables 1 through 5. Also, two tables will be added to present annual average job 	|
|openings levels and rates. (Annual estimates of levels and rates are published each year with the annual 	|
|benchmark.) 													|
|														|
|Also effective with the release of May 2023 data, JOLTS will modify its estimation methodology to 		|
|reduce variance. State data from January 2018 forward is subject to revision. 					|
|														|
|Additional information about these changes is available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm.		|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	12,027	11,234	10,563	9,974	9,590	7.4	6.8	6.4	6.0	5.8
Alabama	152	161	155	145	141	6.9	7.1	6.8	6.3	6.2
Alaska	34	31	29	28	27	9.7	8.7	8.2	7.9	7.7
Arizona	259	214	211	189	197	7.9	6.4	6.3	5.7	5.9
Arkansas	102	103	105	105	89	7.2	7.2	7.2	7.2	6.2
California	1,298	1,219	1,021	985	911	6.9	6.4	5.4	5.2	4.8
Colorado	217	213	200	242	194	7.1	6.9	6.5	7.7	6.3
Connecticut	115	110	92	98	104	6.5	6.2	5.2	5.5	5.8
Delaware	37	38	34	36	36	7.5	7.6	6.6	7.0	6.9
District of Columbia	47	55	46	39	47	5.8	6.6	5.6	4.8	5.7
Florida	765	647	686	616	671	7.7	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.5
Georgia	419	388	420	424	395	8.1	7.4	7.9	8.0	7.5
Hawaii	45	39	39	37	32	7.0	5.9	5.8	5.5	4.8
Idaho	61	65	55	55	56	7.0	7.3	6.1	6.1	6.2
Illinois	489	474	461	408	360	7.5	7.2	7.0	6.3	5.6
Indiana	239	221	202	173	171	7.0	6.4	5.9	5.1	5.0
Iowa	117	135	103	100	86	7.0	7.8	6.1	5.9	5.1
Kansas	99	100	97	92	70	6.6	6.6	6.3	6.0	4.6
Kentucky	213	153	151	137	144	9.9	7.2	7.1	6.4	6.7
Louisiana	149	181	172	152	153	7.2	8.5	8.1	7.2	7.3
Maine	50	48	39	43	45	7.3	6.9	5.7	6.2	6.5
Maryland	223	203	212	210	165	7.6	6.9	7.2	7.1	5.7
Massachusetts	304	281	276	256	273	7.7	7.0	6.9	6.4	6.8
Michigan	350	369	291	262	247	7.5	7.8	6.2	5.6	5.3
Minnesota	239	231	203	190	179	7.6	7.2	6.4	6.0	5.7
Mississippi	91	88	88	84	79	7.3	7.0	7.0	6.7	6.3
Missouri	226	220	207	195	164	7.2	7.0	6.5	6.2	5.2
Montana	46	44	40	38	36	8.3	8.0	7.2	6.8	6.5
Nebraska	79	73	74	64	56	7.1	6.5	6.6	5.8	5.1
Nevada	112	114	108	107	88	7.2	7.2	6.6	6.5	5.4
New Hampshire	58	51	53	46	49	7.9	6.8	7.0	6.2	6.5
New Jersey	282	266	268	269	246	6.3	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.4
New Mexico	70	70	58	61	59	7.6	7.6	6.3	6.6	6.4
New York	588	473	451	419	430	5.9	4.7	4.5	4.1	4.2
North Carolina	424	367	340	366	372	8.2	7.0	6.5	7.0	7.1
North Dakota	34	35	28	27	29	7.4	7.5	6.1	5.9	6.3
Ohio	407	409	375	316	339	6.9	6.9	6.3	5.4	5.7
Oklahoma	148	135	136	122	121	8.1	7.3	7.3	6.6	6.5
Oregon	158	153	133	122	120	7.5	7.1	6.3	5.8	5.7
Pennsylvania	514	458	441	432	398	8.0	7.0	6.8	6.6	6.1
Rhode Island	43	37	36	33	32	8.0	6.9	6.7	6.2	6.0
South Carolina	209	188	177	176	189	8.7	7.7	7.2	7.2	7.6
South Dakota	34	33	37	31	27	7.1	6.7	7.5	6.3	5.5
Tennessee	265	263	236	254	245	7.6	7.4	6.7	7.1	6.9
Texas	1,003	1,033	943	881	829	7.1	7.0	6.4	6.0	5.7
Utah	123	112	106	102	102	6.9	6.3	5.9	5.6	5.6
Vermont	26	22	24	20	20	8.0	6.7	7.3	6.1	6.1
Virginia	340	344	337	335	347	7.8	7.7	7.5	7.5	7.7
Washington	244	242	241	200	178	6.6	6.4	6.3	5.2	4.7
West Virginia	61	69	72	59	54	8.0	8.9	9.4	7.8	7.2
Wisconsin	221	236	235	173	171	7.0	7.4	7.3	5.5	5.4
Wyoming	25	22	20	19	20	8.1	7.1	6.5	6.2	6.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,577	6,251	6,327	6,150	6,149	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0
Alabama	106	103	98	97	91	5.1	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.2
Alaska	21	22	21	19	19	6.6	6.8	6.4	5.8	5.9
Arizona	157	135	156	137	138	5.2	4.3	5.0	4.4	4.4
Arkansas	73	67	64	65	59	5.6	5.1	4.7	4.8	4.4
California	631	542	665	593	606	3.6	3.0	3.7	3.3	3.4
Colorado	134	116	115	122	112	4.7	4.0	4.0	4.2	3.9
Connecticut	58	58	55	54	60	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.6
Delaware	24	24	22	25	24	5.3	5.2	4.6	5.2	5.0
District of Columbia	27	28	23	25	28	3.5	3.6	3.0	3.2	3.6
Florida	468	371	372	364	371	5.1	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8
Georgia	275	248	258	238	237	5.8	5.1	5.3	4.9	4.9
Hawaii	31	24	26	27	24	5.2	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.8
Idaho	42	37	42	37	39	5.2	4.5	5.0	4.4	4.6
Illinois	263	257	254	253	237	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.1	3.9
Indiana	148	149	141	150	136	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.2
Iowa	65	64	62	62	58	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6
Kansas	53	59	57	59	48	3.8	4.2	3.9	4.1	3.3
Kentucky	123	96	96	103	93	6.3	4.9	4.8	5.2	4.6
Louisiana	99	102	100	105	99	5.2	5.3	5.1	5.4	5.1
Maine	27	28	25	24	32	4.2	4.3	3.9	3.7	5.0
Maryland	124	113	116	116	117	4.6	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.3
Massachusetts	126	126	133	128	137	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.6
Michigan	202	175	173	162	163	4.7	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.7
Minnesota	108	126	98	102	111	3.7	4.3	3.3	3.4	3.7
Mississippi	57	58	59	58	47	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.0
Missouri	105	147	109	108	108	3.6	5.0	3.7	3.6	3.6
Montana	29	29	29	29	28	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.4
Nebraska	43	40	41	49	36	4.2	3.8	3.9	4.7	3.4
Nevada	69	74	75	64	71	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.2	4.6
New Hampshire	28	30	28	28	32	4.1	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6
New Jersey	178	141	141	152	215	4.3	3.3	3.3	3.5	5.0
New Mexico	40	40	37	36	36	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.2	4.2
New York	309	323	299	315	313	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.2
North Carolina	250	239	210	221	189	5.3	4.9	4.3	4.5	3.9
North Dakota	19	19	15	18	19	4.5	4.4	3.5	4.2	4.4
Ohio	211	195	220	200	211	3.9	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.8
Oklahoma	95	85	85	82	76	5.7	5.0	4.9	4.7	4.4
Oregon	93	85	88	81	83	4.8	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.2
Pennsylvania	199	183	211	180	193	3.4	3.0	3.5	3.0	3.2
Rhode Island	23	22	20	21	24	4.7	4.4	4.0	4.2	4.8
South Carolina	120	113	110	112	102	5.5	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.5
South Dakota	20	20	24	21	20	4.5	4.4	5.2	4.6	4.3
Tennessee	159	161	160	145	149	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.4	4.5
Texas	605	608	589	604	605	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4
Utah	82	79	78	70	74	5.0	4.7	4.6	4.1	4.3
Vermont	14	12	14	12	13	4.7	4.0	4.6	3.9	4.2
Virginia	197	177	176	183	188	4.9	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.5
Washington	148	138	157	135	121	4.3	3.9	4.4	3.7	3.3
West Virginia	35	37	39	35	38	5.0	5.2	5.6	5.0	5.4
Wisconsin	115	112	124	110	101	3.9	3.8	4.1	3.7	3.4
Wyoming	17	16	16	16	17	6.0	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,194	5,906	5,900	5,841	5,932	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
Alabama	101	99	100	96	90	4.9	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.2
Alaska	22	18	21	19	17	6.9	5.6	6.4	5.8	5.2
Arizona	158	125	122	127	135	5.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.3
Arkansas	61	55	65	63	67	4.7	4.2	4.8	4.7	5.0
California	656	598	579	603	631	3.8	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.5
Colorado	134	128	117	120	120	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.2
Connecticut	53	56	52	50	55	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.3
Delaware	21	21	22	23	22	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.6
District of Columbia	24	24	22	28	22	3.1	3.1	2.9	3.6	2.8
Florida	519	373	397	415	397	5.6	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.1
Georgia	263	220	248	253	223	5.5	4.5	5.1	5.2	4.6
Hawaii	22	23	20	21	21	3.7	3.7	3.2	3.3	3.3
Idaho	37	47	39	39	36	4.6	5.7	4.6	4.6	4.3
Illinois	232	210	218	215	221	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.6
Indiana	144	154	126	139	126	4.5	4.8	3.9	4.3	3.9
Iowa	57	67	55	58	56	3.6	4.2	3.5	3.6	3.5
Kansas	48	59	52	52	56	3.4	4.2	3.6	3.6	3.9
Kentucky	100	93	97	93	94	5.2	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.7
Louisiana	87	100	104	104	105	4.6	5.1	5.4	5.3	5.4
Maine	24	29	25	28	27	3.8	4.5	3.9	4.3	4.2
Maryland	103	90	105	125	143	3.8	3.3	3.8	4.6	5.2
Massachusetts	100	109	108	104	129	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.4
Michigan	158	160	157	135	167	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.1	3.8
Minnesota	99	89	106	97	105	3.4	3.0	3.6	3.3	3.5
Mississippi	57	53	53	54	52	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.4
Missouri	99	124	106	101	104	3.4	4.2	3.6	3.4	3.5
Montana	26	28	27	25	29	5.1	5.5	5.2	4.8	5.6
Nebraska	40	38	39	34	36	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.4
Nevada	62	69	70	64	67	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.3
New Hampshire	29	32	31	24	32	4.3	4.6	4.4	3.4	4.6
New Jersey	185	141	183	129	142	4.4	3.3	4.2	3.0	3.3
New Mexico	32	37	36	37	37	3.8	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3
New York	269	280	267	263	255	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6
North Carolina	241	175	213	196	183	5.1	3.6	4.4	4.0	3.7
North Dakota	17	18	16	17	17	4.0	4.2	3.7	3.9	3.9
Ohio	196	209	198	198	196	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.5
Oklahoma	74	75	74	80	76	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.6	4.4
Oregon	79	81	80	78	80	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0
Pennsylvania	181	200	189	171	198	3.1	3.3	3.1	2.8	3.2
Rhode Island	21	22	22	19	20	4.3	4.4	4.4	3.8	4.0
South Carolina	115	111	113	101	105	5.2	4.9	5.0	4.4	4.6
South Dakota	17	18	17	18	17	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.9	3.7
Tennessee	154	150	144	154	186	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.7	5.6
Texas	584	573	567	566	495	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.6
Utah	81	82	70	65	65	4.9	4.9	4.1	3.8	3.8
Vermont	14	12	13	12	13	4.7	4.0	4.2	3.9	4.2
Virginia	160	153	149	161	181	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.9	4.4
Washington	132	126	123	122	138	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.8
West Virginia	33	34	34	36	33	4.7	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.7
Wisconsin	111	102	97	94	98	3.8	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.3
Wyoming	16	17	15	15	15	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.2	5.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,452	4,091	3,878	3,980	3,851	2.9	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5
Alabama	69	70	64	71	64	3.3	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.0
Alaska	17	13	13	12	10	5.4	4.0	4.0	3.7	3.1
Arizona	130	94	87	89	87	4.3	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.8
Arkansas	43	40	45	47	47	3.3	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.5
California	456	399	404	381	363	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.0
Colorado	100	93	81	81	73	3.5	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.5
Connecticut	34	35	33	33	33	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.0
Delaware	15	15	14	16	15	3.3	3.3	2.9	3.3	3.1
District of Columbia	16	16	14	20	15	2.1	2.1	1.8	2.6	1.9
Florida	383	287	265	289	281	4.1	3.0	2.7	3.0	2.9
Georgia	168	162	166	199	154	3.5	3.3	3.4	4.1	3.2
Hawaii	17	16	14	14	14	2.8	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.2
Idaho	29	34	28	25	22	3.6	4.1	3.3	3.0	2.6
Illinois	167	141	136	129	132	2.8	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indiana	110	99	84	94	89	3.5	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.7
Iowa	42	43	38	38	39	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.4
Kansas	36	38	34	35	37	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.6
Kentucky	70	69	70	67	67	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.3
Louisiana	63	66	68	75	73	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.7
Maine	16	17	14	18	17	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.8	2.6
Maryland	68	55	69	85	98	2.5	2.0	2.5	3.1	3.6
Massachusetts	72	65	59	67	60	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6
Michigan	110	111	96	85	98	2.5	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.2
Minnesota	72	60	70	64	69	2.5	2.0	2.4	2.1	2.3
Mississippi	38	37	36	39	36	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1
Missouri	70	76	74	67	72	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.4
Montana	20	20	18	16	17	4.0	3.9	3.5	3.1	3.3
Nebraska	30	26	23	22	24	2.9	2.5	2.2	2.1	2.3
Nevada	47	49	48	44	41	3.3	3.3	3.1	2.9	2.7
New Hampshire	17	17	16	15	20	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.9
New Jersey	111	77	76	82	84	2.7	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9
New Mexico	25	26	24	24	23	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.7
New York	181	183	162	168	165	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.7
North Carolina	154	127	129	136	119	3.3	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.4
North Dakota	11	12	11	11	10	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.3
Ohio	145	148	135	128	138	2.7	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.5
Oklahoma	53	49	49	54	52	3.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	3.0
Oregon	58	62	55	51	50	3.0	3.1	2.8	2.6	2.5
Pennsylvania	131	124	121	101	126	2.2	2.1	2.0	1.7	2.1
Rhode Island	14	12	12	12	13	2.8	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6
South Carolina	86	79	75	76	75	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.3
South Dakota	13	13	12	11	11	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.4
Tennessee	102	105	103	108	100	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.0
Texas	439	440	394	432	369	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.1	2.7
Utah	66	63	50	46	41	4.0	3.8	2.9	2.7	2.4
Vermont	9	7	8	8	7	3.0	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.3
Virginia	105	109	95	117	125	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.8	3.0
Washington	106	89	87	81	79	3.0	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.2
West Virginia	23	23	23	26	24	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.7	3.4
Wisconsin	79	67	66	63	65	2.7	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.2
Wyoming	13	12	10	10	9	4.6	4.2	3.5	3.5	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Dec. 2022	Jan. 2023	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,395	1,475	1,719	1,557	1,805	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2
Alabama	24	23	23	19	21	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.0
Alaska	4	4	6	6	6	1.3	1.2	1.8	1.8	1.8
Arizona	21	22	28	32	37	0.7	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.2
Arkansas	15	13	17	13	17	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.3
California	164	163	152	189	236	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.3
Colorado	27	23	28	32	36	1.0	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.3
Connecticut	15	17	14	15	20	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.2
Delaware	5	5	7	6	6	1.1	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.2
District of Columbia	6	5	6	6	5	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.6
Florida	104	68	117	108	97	1.1	0.7	1.2	1.1	1.0
Georgia	77	47	69	44	56	1.6	1.0	1.4	0.9	1.1
Hawaii	4	5	4	6	6	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.9
Idaho	6	10	8	12	11	0.7	1.2	0.9	1.4	1.3
Illinois	55	61	73	71	83	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.4
Indiana	26	49	36	39	35	0.8	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.1
Iowa	11	19	15	16	16	0.7	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.0
Kansas	9	17	14	15	17	0.6	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2
Kentucky	24	19	23	21	22	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1
Louisiana	18	21	32	25	27	0.9	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.4
Maine	6	9	9	7	9	0.9	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.4
Maryland	28	29	29	32	37	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.4
Massachusetts	21	37	39	30	63	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.7
Michigan	33	43	49	42	65	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.5
Minnesota	21	24	30	28	32	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mississippi	16	13	14	12	12	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0
Missouri	21	42	27	30	29	0.7	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.0
Montana	5	7	6	7	10	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.9
Nebraska	7	10	13	10	11	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1
Nevada	12	15	18	17	23	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.5
New Hampshire	8	13	13	7	10	1.2	1.9	1.9	1.0	1.4
New Jersey	60	58	98	41	53	1.4	1.4	2.3	1.0	1.2
New Mexico	6	8	8	11	12	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.3	1.4
New York	67	74	89	83	76	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
North Carolina	65	42	76	51	53	1.4	0.9	1.6	1.0	1.1
North Dakota	5	5	5	5	5	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ohio	40	52	57	61	52	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
Oklahoma	16	20	21	21	20	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Oregon	17	13	18	22	23	0.9	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania	34	60	60	64	67	0.6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
Rhode Island	5	8	9	6	7	1.0	1.6	1.8	1.2	1.4
South Carolina	23	24	33	20	24	1.0	1.1	1.4	0.9	1.1
South Dakota	3	5	5	6	5	0.7	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1
Tennessee	43	35	35	35	80	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	2.4
Texas	123	114	154	107	110	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8
Utah	13	15	16	16	20	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.2
Vermont	4	4	4	4	5	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.6
Virginia	42	35	45	33	46	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.1
Washington	20	30	26	36	50	0.6	0.8	0.7	1.0	1.4
West Virginia	7	7	9	8	7	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0
Wisconsin	25	30	26	25	29	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
Wyoming	3	4	4	4	4	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,979	9,617	9,356	7.4	5.9	5.7
Alabama	151	139	135	6.8	6.1	5.9
Alaska	29	26	22	8.7	7.6	6.6
Arizona	240	188	182	7.3	5.6	5.5
Arkansas	110	96	93	7.8	6.6	6.4
California	1,277	939	886	6.9	5.0	4.7
Colorado	219	255	195	7.2	8.2	6.4
Connecticut	105	95	92	6.1	5.4	5.2
Delaware	34	29	33	7.1	5.8	6.4
District of Columbia	46	38	45	5.8	4.7	5.6
Florida	765	612	665	7.6	5.9	6.4
Georgia	425	418	384	8.2	7.9	7.3
Hawaii	45	37	31	6.9	5.5	4.6
Idaho	60	54	54	7.0	6.1	6.1
Illinois	483	393	363	7.5	6.1	5.7
Indiana	237	158	171	7.0	4.7	5.0
Iowa	117	91	86	7.0	5.5	5.2
Kansas	101	87	73	6.8	5.7	4.9
Kentucky	217	126	142	10.1	6.0	6.7
Louisiana	152	145	148	7.4	7.0	7.0
Maine	43	41	38	6.5	6.1	5.6
Maryland	243	198	186	8.3	6.8	6.4
Massachusetts	297	250	261	7.7	6.4	6.6
Michigan	345	243	236	7.5	5.3	5.1
Minnesota	232	179	172	7.5	5.8	5.6
Mississippi	95	80	79	7.6	6.4	6.3
Missouri	235	190	172	7.5	6.1	5.5
Montana	42	33	33	7.8	6.0	6.1
Nebraska	78	61	55	7.1	5.5	5.0
Nevada	115	104	91	7.4	6.4	5.6
New Hampshire	53	45	43	7.2	6.1	5.8
New Jersey	265	267	224	6.0	5.9	5.0
New Mexico	67	58	57	7.3	6.3	6.2
New York	591	432	408	6.0	4.3	4.1
North Carolina	430	357	373	8.4	6.8	7.1
North Dakota	32	25	28	7.1	5.5	6.1
Ohio	416	305	345	7.1	5.2	5.9
Oklahoma	150	109	116	8.2	6.0	6.3
Oregon	158	123	116	7.6	5.9	5.5
Pennsylvania	500	425	387	7.9	6.6	6.0
Rhode Island	42	35	30	7.9	6.6	5.7
South Carolina	196	169	180	8.2	6.9	7.3
South Dakota	34	27	27	7.2	5.7	5.6
Tennessee	262	245	238	7.6	6.9	6.7
Texas	999	821	808	7.0	5.6	5.5
Utah	117	99	97	6.6	5.5	5.4
Vermont	23	19	16	7.1	5.8	5.1
Virginia	327	315	324	7.5	7.1	7.3
Washington	241	196	181	6.5	5.2	4.8
West Virginia	65	53	56	8.5	7.1	7.5
Wisconsin	211	171	165	6.8	5.5	5.3
Wyoming	20	16	17	6.7	5.4	5.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,079	5,054	5,603	4.0	3.3	3.6
Alabama	95	83	79	4.6	3.9	3.7
Alaska	15	15	14	5.0	4.6	4.3
Arizona	141	117	121	4.6	3.7	3.9
Arkansas	69	57	54	5.2	4.2	4.0
California	550	506	516	3.2	2.8	2.9
Colorado	121	99	98	4.3	3.4	3.4
Connecticut	56	41	58	3.5	2.4	3.5
Delaware	21	18	21	4.6	3.8	4.4
District of Columbia	23	21	25	3.0	2.8	3.2
Florida	453	331	369	4.9	3.4	3.8
Georgia	241	206	205	5.1	4.2	4.2
Hawaii	25	21	19	4.1	3.2	2.9
Idaho	37	30	35	4.5	3.6	4.1
Illinois	255	211	228	4.3	3.5	3.8
Indiana	134	125	124	4.2	3.9	3.9
Iowa	59	46	52	3.8	2.9	3.3
Kansas	49	51	45	3.6	3.5	3.1
Kentucky	115	81	85	6.0	4.1	4.3
Louisiana	93	92	95	4.9	4.7	4.9
Maine	19	17	24	3.1	2.7	3.8
Maryland	110	93	108	4.1	3.5	4.0
Massachusetts	106	91	116	3.0	2.5	3.1
Michigan	182	138	147	4.3	3.2	3.4
Minnesota	89	73	93	3.1	2.5	3.2
Mississippi	53	48	43	4.6	4.1	3.7
Missouri	104	90	105	3.6	3.1	3.5
Montana	23	20	22	4.7	3.9	4.2
Nebraska	40	40	34	3.9	3.8	3.2
Nevada	67	54	63	4.7	3.5	4.1
New Hampshire	23	21	27	3.4	3.0	3.9
New Jersey	164	124	213	4.0	2.9	5.0
New Mexico	35	29	31	4.2	3.4	3.6
New York	274	247	282	3.0	2.6	2.9
North Carolina	239	188	179	5.1	3.9	3.7
North Dakota	17	14	17	4.0	3.3	3.9
Ohio	198	151	193	3.7	2.7	3.5
Oklahoma	89	65	72	5.3	3.8	4.2
Oregon	86	65	75	4.4	3.3	3.8
Pennsylvania	198	135	193	3.4	2.2	3.2
Rhode Island	20	18	22	4.2	3.6	4.5
South Carolina	109	98	92	5.0	4.3	4.1
South Dakota	17	15	17	3.9	3.3	3.9
Tennessee	152	122	140	4.8	3.7	4.2
Texas	548	513	553	4.2	3.7	4.0
Utah	65	58	60	3.9	3.4	3.5
Vermont	11	9	11	3.6	2.9	3.5
Virginia	175	141	177	4.4	3.4	4.3
Washington	141	105	115	4.1	2.9	3.2
West Virginia	32	25	36	4.6	3.7	5.1
Wisconsin	101	90	88	3.5	3.0	3.0
Wyoming	12	9	11	4.1	3.3	3.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,532	4,766	5,230	3.7	3.1	3.4
Alabama	101	76	88	4.9	3.6	4.1
Alaska	15	10	11	5.0	3.3	3.5
Arizona	151	103	124	5.0	3.3	3.9
Arkansas	54	54	60	4.1	4.0	4.4
California	568	502	552	3.3	2.8	3.1
Colorado	112	92	101	4.0	3.2	3.5
Connecticut	41	37	46	2.5	2.2	2.8
Delaware	18	19	19	4.0	4.1	4.0
District of Columbia	22	24	18	2.9	3.1	2.4
Florida	496	359	378	5.3	3.7	3.9
Georgia	267	209	218	5.6	4.3	4.5
Hawaii	19	17	18	3.1	2.7	2.8
Idaho	31	28	30	3.9	3.4	3.5
Illinois	204	179	200	3.4	3.0	3.3
Indiana	123	108	109	3.9	3.4	3.4
Iowa	46	47	45	3.0	3.0	2.9
Kansas	41	44	48	2.9	3.1	3.3
Kentucky	89	78	84	4.6	3.9	4.2
Louisiana	84	92	102	4.4	4.7	5.2
Maine	18	19	20	2.8	3.0	3.2
Maryland	84	106	121	3.1	3.9	4.4
Massachusetts	83	78	95	2.3	2.1	2.6
Michigan	123	103	131	2.9	2.4	3.0
Minnesota	85	75	91	3.0	2.6	3.1
Mississippi	62	45	54	5.4	3.8	4.6
Missouri	91	85	95	3.1	2.9	3.2
Montana	20	19	21	4.1	3.7	4.0
Nebraska	34	27	30	3.3	2.6	2.9
Nevada	59	53	60	4.1	3.5	3.9
New Hampshire	25	17	28	3.7	2.5	4.1
New Jersey	147	95	122	3.6	2.3	2.9
New Mexico	28	29	31	3.3	3.3	3.5
New York	205	203	206	2.2	2.1	2.1
North Carolina	232	177	170	4.9	3.6	3.5
North Dakota	14	13	14	3.4	3.0	3.2
Ohio	164	161	164	3.0	2.9	3.0
Oklahoma	66	73	66	4.0	4.3	3.9
Oregon	66	63	65	3.4	3.2	3.3
Pennsylvania	143	128	158	2.4	2.1	2.6
Rhode Island	17	13	18	3.5	2.7	3.7
South Carolina	115	80	108	5.2	3.5	4.7
South Dakota	15	14	14	3.3	3.1	3.2
Tennessee	148	127	173	4.6	3.8	5.2
Texas	562	473	462	4.3	3.4	3.3
Utah	72	50	57	4.4	2.9	3.3
Vermont	12	8	11	3.9	2.6	3.5
Virginia	145	128	167	3.6	3.1	4.1
Washington	115	104	110	3.3	2.9	3.1
West Virginia	29	33	29	4.2	4.8	4.2
Wisconsin	91	76	80	3.2	2.6	2.7
Wyoming	12	11	11	4.4	4.0	3.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,092	3,174	3,475	2.7	2.1	2.2
Alabama	71	55	63	3.4	2.6	3.0
Alaska	12	7	7	3.9	2.1	2.2
Arizona	127	70	85	4.2	2.2	2.7
Arkansas	38	38	41	2.9	2.8	3.0
California	387	303	315	2.2	1.7	1.8
Colorado	84	61	62	3.0	2.1	2.1
Connecticut	29	25	29	1.8	1.5	1.8
Delaware	13	13	13	2.8	2.7	2.7
District of Columbia	14	16	12	1.9	2.1	1.6
Florida	382	240	268	4.1	2.5	2.8
Georgia	168	161	145	3.5	3.3	3.0
Hawaii	14	11	12	2.4	1.8	1.8
Idaho	25	18	19	3.1	2.1	2.3
Illinois	151	108	122	2.6	1.8	2.0
Indiana	95	72	79	3.0	2.2	2.5
Iowa	35	31	31	2.2	2.0	2.0
Kansas	31	28	33	2.2	2.0	2.3
Kentucky	63	54	60	3.3	2.7	3.0
Louisiana	62	65	72	3.2	3.4	3.7
Maine	12	12	12	1.9	1.9	2.0
Maryland	58	70	83	2.2	2.6	3.1
Massachusetts	63	53	49	1.8	1.4	1.3
Michigan	89	62	81	2.1	1.4	1.8
Minnesota	64	52	63	2.3	1.8	2.2
Mississippi	41	32	38	3.6	2.7	3.2
Missouri	64	55	67	2.2	1.9	2.3
Montana	16	12	13	3.1	2.4	2.5
Nebraska	26	17	21	2.6	1.7	2.0
Nevada	46	34	38	3.2	2.2	2.5
New Hampshire	15	12	19	2.3	1.7	2.7
New Jersey	91	64	71	2.2	1.5	1.7
New Mexico	22	18	20	2.6	2.1	2.3
New York	153	132	145	1.6	1.4	1.5
North Carolina	149	119	106	3.2	2.5	2.2
North Dakota	10	8	9	2.4	1.9	2.2
Ohio	126	101	125	2.3	1.8	2.3
Oklahoma	48	47	46	2.9	2.7	2.7
Oregon	52	40	43	2.7	2.1	2.2
Pennsylvania	108	75	106	1.8	1.2	1.7
Rhode Island	12	9	11	2.4	1.8	2.2
South Carolina	88	57	79	4.0	2.5	3.5
South Dakota	11	8	10	2.6	1.8	2.2
Tennessee	99	87	91	3.1	2.6	2.7
Texas	433	344	350	3.3	2.5	2.5
Utah	59	34	36	3.6	2.0	2.1
Vermont	8	5	6	2.7	1.7	2.1
Virginia	98	89	116	2.5	2.2	2.8
Washington	94	67	70	2.7	1.9	1.9
West Virginia	20	23	21	2.9	3.4	3.0
Wisconsin	68	52	56	2.4	1.7	1.9
Wyoming	10	7	7	3.5	2.5	2.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)	Mar. 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,116	1,317	1,500	0.7	0.9	1.0
Alabama	23	16	20	1.1	0.7	1.0
Alaska	2	3	3	0.7	0.9	0.9
Arizona	18	28	30	0.6	0.9	1.0
Arkansas	12	12	16	1.0	0.9	1.2
California	147	172	202	0.8	1.0	1.1
Colorado	21	26	29	0.7	0.9	1.0
Connecticut	8	10	15	0.5	0.6	0.9
Delaware	4	5	5	0.9	1.1	1.1
District of Columbia	7	6	5	0.9	0.7	0.6
Florida	87	98	95	0.9	1.0	1.0
Georgia	82	36	61	1.7	0.7	1.2
Hawaii	3	5	5	0.5	0.8	0.8
Idaho	5	9	8	0.6	1.1	0.9
Illinois	45	61	72	0.8	1.0	1.2
Indiana	20	30	27	0.6	0.9	0.8
Iowa	8	13	12	0.5	0.8	0.8
Kansas	7	13	13	0.5	0.9	0.9
Kentucky	21	19	20	1.1	1.0	1.0
Louisiana	17	22	26	0.9	1.1	1.3
Maine	4	4	7	0.7	0.7	1.1
Maryland	21	27	31	0.8	1.0	1.2
Massachusetts	14	20	43	0.4	0.5	1.1
Michigan	22	36	47	0.5	0.8	1.1
Minnesota	15	18	25	0.5	0.6	0.8
Mississippi	17	10	12	1.5	0.9	1.1
Missouri	17	27	24	0.6	0.9	0.8
Montana	4	6	6	0.7	1.1	1.1
Nebraska	5	8	9	0.5	0.8	0.8
Nevada	11	16	18	0.8	1.0	1.2
New Hampshire	7	5	9	1.0	0.7	1.3
New Jersey	43	28	47	1.1	0.7	1.1
New Mexico	4	9	8	0.5	1.0	0.9
New York	33	61	46	0.4	0.6	0.5
North Carolina	59	49	52	1.3	1.0	1.1
North Dakota	3	4	4	0.8	1.0	0.9
Ohio	29	52	35	0.5	0.9	0.6
Oklahoma	14	21	17	0.8	1.2	1.0
Oregon	11	19	17	0.5	1.0	0.8
Pennsylvania	20	49	48	0.3	0.8	0.8
Rhode Island	4	4	6	0.8	0.8	1.3
South Carolina	22	17	24	1.0	0.8	1.1
South Dakota	2	5	3	0.5	1.1	0.8
Tennessee	41	29	77	1.3	0.9	2.3
Texas	111	103	99	0.8	0.7	0.7
Utah	10	13	15	0.6	0.8	0.9
Vermont	3	2	4	0.8	0.8	1.3
Virginia	34	28	43	0.9	0.7	1.1
Washington	13	32	31	0.4	0.9	0.9
West Virginia	6	7	7	0.9	1.1	1.0
Wisconsin	17	20	21	0.6	0.7	0.7
Wyoming	2	3	3	0.6	1.2	0.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary