State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, July 26, 2023	USDL-23-1639
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                           STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states on the last business day of May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 5 states and decreased in 2 states. Total separations 
rates increased in 9 states and decreased in 7 states. Nationally, the job openings rate decreased while 
hires and total separations rates changed little in May.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In May, job openings rates decreased in 12 states and were little changed in 38 states and the District of 
Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Colorado (-1.4 percentage points) as 
well as in Arizona and Hawaii (-0.9 point each). Over the month, the national job openings rate 
decreased (-0.3 point). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 15 states and was little changed in 35 states and the District 
of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in Florida (-63,000), 
Pennsylvania (-54,000), and Colorado (-47,000). Nationally, the number of job openings decreased over 
the month (-496,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In May, hires rates increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (+1.0 percentage 
point) and in Louisiana and North Dakota (+0.9 point each). The decreases occurred in New Hampshire 
(-1.2 points) and Massachusetts (-0.6 point). The national hires rate was little changed over the month. 
(See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 41 states and 
the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Washington 
(+23,000), Louisiana (+18,000), and Oregon (+16,000). The decreases occurred in Massachusetts  
(-23,000), New Hampshire (-8,000), and Rhode Island (-4,000). Nationally, the number of hires was 
little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In May, total separations rates increased in 9 states, decreased in 7 states, and were little changed in 34 
states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in total separations rates occurred in Delaware 
(+1.5 percentage points), Alabama (+1.2 points), and Maine (+1.1 points). The largest decreases 
occurred in Alaska (-2.5 points), North Dakota (-1.2 points), and South Dakota (-1.1 points). Over the 
month, the national total separations rate was little changed. (See table 3.)

In May, the number of total separations increased in 11 states, decreased in 9 states, and was little 
changed in 30 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases occurred in Texas (+76,000), 
New York (+61,000), and Georgia (+48,000). The largest decreases in the total separations level 
occurred in Illinois (-34,000), New Jersey (-22,000), and Arizona (-20,000). Nationally, the number of 
total separations was little changed. (See table 3.)
 
Quits

In May, quits rates increased in 9 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 40 states and 
the District of Columbia. The largest increases in quits rates occurred in Alabama and Delaware  
(+1.0 percentage point each) as well as in Arkansas, Louisiana, Maine, New York, Texas, and Utah 
(+0.6 point each). The decrease occurred in Iowa (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate 
increased (+0.2 point). (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 10 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 39 states and 
the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the quits level occurred in Texas (+73,000), 
New York (+55,000), and Alabama (+22,000). The decrease occurred in Iowa (-8,000). Nationally, the 
number of quits increased (+250,000). (See table 4.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In May, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed 
in 39 states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred 
in Alaska (-2.2 percentage points) and North Dakota (-0.9 point), as well as in Kansas and South Dakota 
(-0.7 point each). The increases occurred in Mississippi (+0.7 point) and Georgia (+0.6 point). Over the 
month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 10 states, increased in 3 states, and was little 
changed in 37 states and the District of Columbia in May. The largest decreases in the layoffs and 
discharges levels occurred in Ohio (-23,000) as well as in Illinois and Virginia (-17,000 each). The 
increases occurred in Georgia (+31,000), Mississippi (+8,000), and New Hampshire (+3,000). 
Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

Annual Levels and Rates

Annual estimates for state data series are published concurrently with the state annual revisions. 
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. (See tables 11 through 
20.)

The annual average level of job openings is the average of the 12 monthly levels. Annual levels for 
hires, total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges are the sum of the 12 monthly levels. 

Annual average rates for job openings are computed by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly job opening 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment levels plus the 
sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges are computed by 
dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly 
CES employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

______________	
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, August 16, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		Upcoming Changes to State Estimates from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover		  |
|						Survey							  | 
|													  |
|Effective with the release of May 2023 data on July 26, 2023, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 	  |
|Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked, or revised, to incorporate the annual updates to     |
|the Current Employment Statistics state employment estimates, Quarterly Census of Employment and 	  |
|Wages (QCEW) updates through fourth quarter 2022, revised JOLTS national data, and revised JOLTS 	  |
|seasonal adjustment factors. In 2022, state estimates were benchmarked in June with the release of April |
|data. The change in the release date from June to July is being made to incorporate QCEW data through    |
|the fourth quarter of 2022. Not seasonally adjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January 2018  |
|forward are subject to revision. Additional historical data may also be revised due to benchmarking.     |
|													  |
|JOLTS will introduce several changes to the monthly news release tables beginning with the May 2023 	  |
|news release. Significance tables A through E will be removed from the news release and provided as 	  |
|supplemental tables on the JOLTS website. JOLTS will also introduce over-the-month change columns 	  |
|for levels and rates to tables 1 through 5. Also, two tables will be added to present annual average job |
|openings levels and rates. (Annual estimates of levels and rates are published each year with the annual |
|benchmark.) 												  |
|													  |
|Also effective with the release of May 2023 data, JOLTS will modify its estimation methodology to 	  |
|reduce variance. State data from January 2018 forward is subject to revision. 				  |
|													  |
|Additional information about these changes is available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts-2023-changes.htm.	  |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|
    

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,443	9,974	9,745	10,320	9,824	-496	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Alabama	157	142	131	145	138	-7	6.9	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.0	-0.3
Alaska	31	27	26	28	26	-2	8.9	7.7	7.4	7.9	7.4	-0.5
Arizona	237	190	206	240	208	-32	7.1	5.7	6.1	7.1	6.2	-0.9
Arkansas	109	98	97	101	101	0	7.6	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.9	0.0
California	1,347	980	895	1,043	1,005	-38	7.1	5.2	4.7	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Colorado	235	241	214	259	212	-47	7.6	7.7	6.9	8.2	6.8	-1.4
Connecticut	115	95	100	97	85	-12	6.5	5.3	5.6	5.4	4.8	-0.6
Delaware	38	36	36	37	36	-1	7.5	7.0	6.9	7.1	6.9	-0.2
District of Columbia	45	39	46	40	45	5	5.6	4.8	5.6	4.9	5.5	0.6
Florida	633	634	662	669	606	-63	6.3	6.1	6.4	6.4	5.9	-0.5
Georgia	407	436	383	385	368	-17	7.8	8.2	7.3	7.3	7.0	-0.3
Hawaii	40	35	33	38	32	-6	6.1	5.2	5.0	5.7	4.8	-0.9
Idaho	65	54	55	57	57	0	7.3	6.0	6.1	6.3	6.3	0.0
Illinois	449	411	401	423	429	6	7.0	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.5	0.0
Indiana	216	169	175	193	182	-11	6.4	5.0	5.1	5.6	5.3	-0.3
Iowa	115	99	94	107	100	-7	6.8	5.9	5.6	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Kansas	101	90	84	97	91	-6	6.7	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Kentucky	164	133	138	145	146	1	7.7	6.3	6.4	6.8	6.8	0.0
Louisiana	159	151	143	148	157	9	7.7	7.2	6.8	7.0	7.4	0.4
Maine	47	44	49	44	40	-4	6.9	6.4	7.1	6.4	5.8	-0.6
Maryland	218	199	200	206	204	-2	7.5	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.9	-0.1
Massachusetts	326	259	282	298	271	-27	8.2	6.5	7.0	7.3	6.7	-0.6
Michigan	365	261	250	296	256	-40	7.7	5.6	5.4	6.3	5.5	-0.8
Minnesota	227	192	180	206	210	4	7.2	6.0	5.7	6.5	6.6	0.1
Mississippi	88	83	84	91	87	-4	7.0	6.6	6.7	7.2	6.9	-0.3
Missouri	225	198	187	190	176	-14	7.1	6.3	5.9	6.0	5.6	-0.4
Montana	48	39	37	41	37	-4	8.6	7.0	6.7	7.3	6.7	-0.6
Nebraska	74	65	57	69	63	-6	6.8	5.9	5.2	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Nevada	109	105	100	113	107	-6	6.8	6.4	6.1	6.8	6.5	-0.3
New Hampshire	52	47	49	47	41	-6	7.1	6.3	6.5	6.3	5.5	-0.8
New Jersey	274	268	240	232	210	-22	6.1	5.8	5.3	5.1	4.6	-0.5
New Mexico	69	63	61	71	67	-4	7.5	6.8	6.6	7.6	7.2	-0.4
New York	515	429	430	460	435	-25	5.2	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.3	-0.2
North Carolina	395	370	372	379	388	9	7.6	7.0	7.1	7.2	7.3	0.1
North Dakota	33	27	29	29	30	1	7.2	5.9	6.3	6.3	6.5	0.2
Ohio	399	309	347	393	380	-13	6.7	5.2	5.8	6.5	6.3	-0.2
Oklahoma	124	123	119	128	128	0	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.9	6.9	0.0
Oregon	145	126	120	126	122	-4	7.0	6.0	5.7	6.0	5.8	-0.2
Pennsylvania	492	421	420	399	345	-54	7.6	6.5	6.4	6.1	5.3	-0.8
Rhode Island	39	33	33	33	28	-5	7.3	6.2	6.2	6.2	5.4	-0.8
South Carolina	182	175	182	172	178	6	7.5	7.1	7.4	7.0	7.2	0.2
South Dakota	35	29	29	31	31	0	7.2	5.9	5.9	6.3	6.3	0.0
Tennessee	266	255	244	252	239	-13	7.6	7.2	6.9	7.1	6.7	-0.4
Texas	1,019	880	821	819	846	27	7.1	6.0	5.6	5.6	5.7	0.1
Utah	126	104	105	113	109	-4	7.0	5.7	5.8	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Vermont	24	21	20	21	19	-2	7.3	6.4	6.1	6.4	5.8	-0.6
Virginia	314	329	328	315	307	-8	7.2	7.4	7.3	7.1	6.9	-0.2
Washington	240	203	187	213	189	-24	6.4	5.3	4.9	5.6	5.0	-0.6
West Virginia	61	56	54	55	55	0	8.0	7.4	7.2	7.3	7.3	0.0
Wisconsin	226	182	188	205	182	-23	7.1	5.7	5.9	6.4	5.7	-0.7
Wyoming	24	20	20	22	19	-3	7.8	6.5	6.5	7.1	6.2	-0.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,545	6,150	6,066	6,101	6,208	107	4.3	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	0.1
Alabama	90	99	90	93	105	12	4.3	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.9	0.6
Alaska	22	20	20	18	21	3	6.9	6.1	6.2	5.5	6.5	1.0
Arizona	159	138	147	148	154	6	5.1	4.4	4.7	4.7	4.9	0.2
Arkansas	65	64	59	61	65	4	4.9	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.8	0.3
California	663	592	579	539	524	-15	3.8	3.3	3.2	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Colorado	140	125	117	128	124	-4	4.9	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Connecticut	60	55	59	59	66	7	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.9	0.4
Delaware	23	25	24	24	24	0	4.9	5.2	5.0	5.0	4.9	-0.1
District of Columbia	25	25	27	24	27	3	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.1	3.5	0.4
Florida	439	372	383	404	400	-4	4.7	3.8	4.0	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Georgia	270	239	235	230	212	-18	5.6	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.3	-0.4
Hawaii	23	23	23	21	21	0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
Idaho	44	38	42	41	43	2	5.4	4.5	5.0	4.8	5.1	0.3
Illinois	279	252	241	248	263	15	4.6	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.3	0.3
Indiana	140	146	131	151	156	5	4.4	4.5	4.0	4.6	4.8	0.2
Iowa	64	61	57	60	64	4	4.1	3.8	3.6	3.8	4.0	0.2
Kansas	53	59	51	59	59	0	3.8	4.1	3.5	4.1	4.1	0.0
Kentucky	95	103	93	84	91	7	4.9	5.2	4.6	4.2	4.5	0.3
Louisiana	89	104	95	85	103	18	4.6	5.3	4.9	4.3	5.2	0.9
Maine	25	25	28	25	24	-1	3.9	3.9	4.3	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Maryland	109	113	116	107	111	4	4.0	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.1	0.2
Massachusetts	128	128	130	135	112	-23	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.0	-0.6
Michigan	153	161	164	153	166	13	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.7	0.2
Minnesota	104	107	111	117	116	-1	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.9	0.0
Mississippi	53	57	48	52	55	3	4.6	4.8	4.1	4.4	4.7	0.3
Missouri	117	107	109	105	118	13	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.5	4.0	0.5
Montana	29	29	28	25	29	4	5.7	5.6	5.4	4.8	5.6	0.8
Nebraska	39	48	36	41	42	1	3.8	4.6	3.4	3.9	4.0	0.1
Nevada	80	64	72	67	66	-1	5.4	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.3	-0.1
New Hampshire	30	28	31	37	29	-8	4.4	4.0	4.4	5.3	4.1	-1.2
New Jersey	168	154	203	167	158	-9	4.0	3.6	4.7	3.9	3.6	-0.3
New Mexico	36	37	38	34	38	4	4.3	4.3	4.4	3.9	4.4	0.5
New York	356	310	297	281	286	5	3.8	3.2	3.1	2.9	2.9	0.0
North Carolina	222	219	180	213	209	-4	4.6	4.5	3.7	4.4	4.3	-0.1
North Dakota	19	18	18	17	21	4	4.5	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.8	0.9
Ohio	253	201	210	222	215	-7	4.6	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Oklahoma	86	81	79	79	78	-1	5.1	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Oregon	84	82	85	72	88	16	4.3	4.1	4.3	3.6	4.4	0.8
Pennsylvania	196	182	185	198	200	2	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.3	0.1
Rhode Island	21	21	23	25	21	-4	4.2	4.2	4.6	5.0	4.2	-0.8
South Carolina	115	111	99	110	111	1	5.1	4.9	4.3	4.8	4.8	0.0
South Dakota	19	20	19	19	19	0	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
Tennessee	150	145	149	160	161	1	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.9	0.1
Texas	669	610	599	624	635	11	5.0	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.6	0.1
Utah	72	71	71	70	78	8	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.5	0.4
Vermont	12	12	13	15	13	-2	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.8	4.2	-0.6
Virginia	164	177	178	169	166	-3	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Washington	132	133	124	129	152	23	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.6	4.2	0.6
West Virginia	34	35	36	32	33	1	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.7	0.1
Wisconsin	108	111	98	111	121	10	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.7	4.0	0.3
Wyoming	16	15	15	14	14	0	5.7	5.2	5.2	4.8	4.8	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,025	5,841	5,994	5,660	5,871	211	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.8	0.2
Alabama	92	96	90	76	101	25	4.4	4.5	4.2	3.5	4.7	1.2
Alaska	17	19	19	26	18	-8	5.3	5.8	5.9	8.0	5.5	-2.5
Arizona	140	128	141	142	122	-20	4.5	4.1	4.5	4.5	3.9	-0.6
Arkansas	57	62	62	54	63	9	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.0	4.6	0.6
California	720	592	636	505	525	20	4.1	3.3	3.5	2.8	2.9	0.1
Colorado	128	120	134	116	111	-5	4.5	4.1	4.6	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Connecticut	55	51	59	56	63	7	3.3	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.7	0.4
Delaware	26	25	24	21	28	7	5.5	5.2	5.0	4.3	5.8	1.5
District of Columbia	23	30	24	21	26	5	3.0	3.9	3.1	2.7	3.3	0.6
Florida	457	422	404	397	403	6	4.9	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	0.0
Georgia	277	246	219	192	240	48	5.8	5.0	4.5	3.9	4.9	1.0
Hawaii	21	21	22	19	21	2	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.0	3.3	0.3
Idaho	36	39	39	44	37	-7	4.4	4.6	4.6	5.2	4.4	-0.8
Illinois	237	207	227	243	209	-34	3.9	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.4	-0.6
Indiana	117	140	133	145	134	-11	3.7	4.3	4.1	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Iowa	60	60	59	69	58	-11	3.8	3.8	3.7	4.3	3.6	-0.7
Kansas	50	54	58	65	55	-10	3.5	3.7	4.0	4.5	3.8	-0.7
Kentucky	89	93	92	89	95	6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.7	0.3
Louisiana	92	103	103	82	101	19	4.8	5.3	5.3	4.2	5.1	0.9
Maine	23	25	29	22	29	7	3.6	3.9	4.5	3.4	4.5	1.1
Maryland	98	129	131	110	115	5	3.6	4.7	4.8	4.0	4.2	0.2
Massachusetts	97	105	119	114	106	-8	2.6	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Michigan	156	132	153	148	162	14	3.6	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.6	0.3
Minnesota	104	98	106	102	100	-2	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Mississippi	51	53	52	52	62	10	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	5.3	0.9
Missouri	112	101	108	112	110	-2	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Montana	28	28	30	29	28	-1	5.5	5.4	5.8	5.6	5.4	-0.2
Nebraska	40	34	38	43	38	-5	3.9	3.3	3.6	4.1	3.7	-0.4
Nevada	59	65	68	66	66	0	4.0	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
New Hampshire	31	25	35	25	29	4	4.5	3.6	5.0	3.6	4.1	0.5
New Jersey	141	128	158	150	128	-22	3.3	3.0	3.7	3.5	3.0	-0.5
New Mexico	35	36	36	35	33	-2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.0	3.8	-0.2
New York	296	265	262	231	292	61	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.4	3.0	0.6
North Carolina	207	197	190	197	199	2	4.3	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
North Dakota	19	17	18	22	17	-5	4.5	3.9	4.1	5.1	3.9	-1.2
Ohio	192	199	195	229	218	-11	3.5	3.6	3.5	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Oklahoma	70	84	71	67	71	4	4.1	4.9	4.1	3.9	4.1	0.2
Oregon	73	79	82	81	78	-3	3.8	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Pennsylvania	203	170	189	176	191	15	3.4	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.1	0.2
Rhode Island	19	18	22	20	22	2	3.8	3.6	4.4	4.0	4.5	0.5
South Carolina	100	100	103	91	102	11	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.0	4.4	0.4
South Dakota	19	18	19	23	18	-5	4.2	3.9	4.1	5.0	3.9	-1.1
Tennessee	142	148	158	133	147	14	4.4	4.5	4.8	4.0	4.4	0.4
Texas	532	569	520	476	552	76	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.4	4.0	0.6
Utah	64	66	68	70	82	12	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.7	0.6
Vermont	12	12	15	11	14	3	4.0	3.9	4.9	3.6	4.5	0.9
Virginia	149	153	177	173	169	-4	3.7	3.7	4.3	4.2	4.1	-0.1
Washington	115	127	139	131	122	-9	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.4	-0.2
West Virginia	31	37	34	34	34	0	4.4	5.3	4.9	4.9	4.9	0.0
Wisconsin	97	97	107	112	113	1	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.7	3.8	0.1
Wyoming	15	15	15	16	16	0	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.5	5.5	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,208	3,980	3,842	3,765	4,015	250	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6	0.2
Alabama	61	72	63	55	77	22	2.9	3.4	2.9	2.6	3.6	1.0
Alaska	12	12	11	11	12	1	3.8	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.7	0.3
Arizona	108	88	95	103	94	-9	3.5	2.8	3.0	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Arkansas	39	45	42	37	45	8	2.9	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.3	0.6
California	473	384	359	341	347	6	2.7	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
Colorado	88	79	77	77	77	0	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	0.0
Connecticut	36	33	34	35	41	6	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.4	0.3
Delaware	18	17	16	15	20	5	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.1	4.1	1.0
District of Columbia	16	22	16	14	18	4	2.1	2.9	2.1	1.8	2.3	0.5
Florida	339	284	279	290	286	-4	3.6	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Georgia	197	194	151	142	158	16	4.1	4.0	3.1	2.9	3.2	0.3
Hawaii	15	14	14	12	14	2	2.5	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.2	0.3
Idaho	27	25	25	27	26	-1	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.1	-0.1
Illinois	147	126	135	144	134	-10	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Indiana	90	95	88	94	90	-4	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Iowa	44	39	37	45	37	-8	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.8	2.3	-0.5
Kansas	36	36	37	36	37	1	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.6	0.1
Kentucky	65	68	65	65	70	5	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.5	0.3
Louisiana	59	77	70	57	69	12	3.1	4.0	3.6	2.9	3.5	0.6
Maine	15	16	16	15	19	4	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.9	0.6
Maryland	68	87	86	75	77	2	2.5	3.2	3.1	2.7	2.8	0.1
Massachusetts	70	67	63	71	66	-5	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Michigan	118	84	94	89	105	16	2.7	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.4	0.4
Minnesota	72	65	68	68	71	3	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.4	0.1
Mississippi	36	39	35	37	39	2	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	0.2
Missouri	79	67	72	73	78	5	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	0.1
Montana	20	18	17	18	19	1	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.5	3.7	0.2
Nebraska	25	22	23	26	24	-2	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Nevada	42	44	43	45	47	2	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.1	0.2
New Hampshire	21	15	21	15	17	2	3.1	2.1	3.0	2.1	2.4	0.3
New Jersey	79	84	91	92	82	-10	1.9	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
New Mexico	23	23	22	22	23	1	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
New York	179	168	164	140	195	55	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.4	2.0	0.6
North Carolina	145	137	123	138	134	-4	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.7	-0.1
North Dakota	11	11	10	13	12	-1	2.6	2.5	2.3	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Ohio	130	127	133	126	142	16	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
Oklahoma	48	60	48	48	50	2	2.8	3.5	2.8	2.8	2.9	0.1
Oregon	53	50	51	52	54	2	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	0.1
Pennsylvania	156	100	118	121	122	1	2.6	1.6	1.9	2.0	2.0	0.0
Rhode Island	12	12	13	13	13	0	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	0.0
South Carolina	74	75	73	66	73	7	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.2	0.3
South Dakota	14	11	12	13	12	-1	3.1	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Tennessee	104	105	99	98	103	5	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.1	0.1
Texas	399	439	376	339	412	73	3.0	3.2	2.7	2.4	3.0	0.6
Utah	47	46	44	48	58	10	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.8	3.4	0.6
Vermont	8	8	8	7	9	2	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.9	0.6
Virginia	104	109	120	107	120	13	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.9	0.3
Washington	79	80	84	87	85	-2	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.3	-0.1
West Virginia	22	27	24	23	23	0	3.2	3.9	3.4	3.3	3.3	0.0
Wisconsin	72	65	67	69	72	3	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.4	0.1
Wyoming	11	10	9	10	10	0	3.9	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.5	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)	May 2022	Feb. 2023	Mar. 2023	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	Change from: Apr. 2023 - May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,482	1,557	1,845	1,590	1,555	-35	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	24	19	22	17	20	3	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.1
Alaska	4	6	6	12	5	-7	1.3	1.8	1.8	3.7	1.5	-2.2
Arizona	26	34	36	34	21	-13	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.7	-0.4
Arkansas	14	13	16	14	15	1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
California	197	176	249	136	147	11	1.1	1.0	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.0
Colorado	30	34	45	33	30	-3	1.0	1.2	1.6	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Connecticut	15	16	22	15	17	2	0.9	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.0	0.1
Delaware	6	6	7	5	7	2	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.4	0.4
District of Columbia	6	6	6	5	6	1	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.2
Florida	95	118	107	89	99	10	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
Georgia	70	42	57	42	73	31	1.5	0.9	1.2	0.9	1.5	0.6
Hawaii	5	6	7	5	6	1	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.0	0.2
Idaho	8	12	11	14	10	-4	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.7	1.2	-0.5
Illinois	75	68	86	84	67	-17	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Indiana	21	38	39	45	37	-8	0.7	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Iowa	13	17	18	21	18	-3	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Kansas	10	15	17	25	15	-10	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.7	1.0	-0.7
Kentucky	20	21	22	20	21	1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Louisiana	28	22	29	22	25	3	1.5	1.1	1.5	1.1	1.3	0.2
Maine	7	6	11	6	8	2	1.1	0.9	1.7	0.9	1.2	0.3
Maryland	24	33	37	28	33	5	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.2	0.2
Massachusetts	23	32	52	34	31	-3	0.6	0.9	1.4	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Michigan	33	41	53	53	52	-1	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0
Minnesota	27	28	32	30	24	-6	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Mississippi	12	11	13	12	20	8	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.7	0.7
Missouri	27	29	29	34	26	-8	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Montana	6	8	10	8	7	-1	1.2	1.5	1.9	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Nebraska	13	11	12	15	12	-3	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Nevada	14	18	22	18	17	-1	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.1	-0.1
New Hampshire	8	8	13	7	10	3	1.2	1.1	1.9	1.0	1.4	0.4
New Jersey	55	40	61	49	34	-15	1.3	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.8	-0.3
New Mexico	9	11	11	9	8	-1	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.0	0.9	-0.1
New York	98	84	83	78	84	6	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
North Carolina	53	51	56	50	54	4	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
North Dakota	7	5	6	8	4	-4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.8	0.9	-0.9
Ohio	48	62	50	85	62	-23	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Oklahoma	17	19	20	15	18	3	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.1
Oregon	15	24	26	24	20	-4	0.8	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Pennsylvania	35	64	66	45	58	13	0.6	1.0	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.2
Rhode Island	6	6	8	6	7	1	1.2	1.2	1.6	1.2	1.4	0.2
South Carolina	20	19	25	21	23	2	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
South Dakota	4	6	5	9	6	-3	0.9	1.3	1.1	2.0	1.3	-0.7
Tennessee	31	34	53	28	38	10	1.0	1.0	1.6	0.8	1.1	0.3
Texas	107	106	127	114	118	4	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
Utah	14	17	19	18	21	3	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
Vermont	3	4	7	3	4	1	1.0	1.3	2.3	1.0	1.3	0.3
Virginia	38	33	48	59	42	-17	0.9	0.8	1.2	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Washington	28	41	46	35	29	-6	0.8	1.1	1.3	1.0	0.8	-0.2
West Virginia	7	8	8	9	9	0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
Wisconsin	20	26	31	38	35	-3	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Wyoming	4	4	5	5	4	-1	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	11,297	10,856	9,566	6.9	6.5	5.8
Alabama	156	149	135	6.9	6.5	5.9
Alaska	45	28	37	12.2	8.1	10.2
Arizona	217	235	185	6.6	6.9	5.6
Arkansas	105	101	96	7.3	6.9	6.5
California	1,329	1,066	994	7.0	5.6	5.2
Colorado	226	266	202	7.3	8.4	6.5
Connecticut	124	101	92	6.9	5.7	5.1
Delaware	36	45	34	7.1	8.5	6.5
District of Columbia	41	42	41	5.1	5.1	5.0
Florida	637	707	600	6.4	6.8	5.8
Georgia	393	405	348	7.6	7.6	6.6
Hawaii	34	36	26	5.2	5.4	4.0
Idaho	67	62	59	7.5	6.8	6.5
Illinois	448	462	421	6.9	7.0	6.4
Indiana	214	216	177	6.3	6.2	5.1
Iowa	112	125	96	6.6	7.3	5.6
Kansas	94	103	83	6.2	6.7	5.4
Kentucky	158	150	139	7.5	6.9	6.5
Louisiana	150	153	146	7.2	7.2	6.9
Maine	52	45	44	7.5	6.6	6.4
Maryland	208	220	191	7.1	7.4	6.5
Massachusetts	342	306	283	8.5	7.5	7.0
Michigan	377	321	259	7.9	6.8	5.5
Minnesota	237	234	217	7.4	7.3	6.7
Mississippi	85	93	84	6.8	7.3	6.6
Missouri	219	208	167	6.9	6.5	5.3
Montana	52	43	40	9.2	7.7	7.1
Nebraska	72	75	60	6.5	6.7	5.4
Nevada	106	121	104	6.7	7.3	6.3
New Hampshire	53	46	40	7.1	6.3	5.4
New Jersey	265	224	196	5.9	5.0	4.3
New Mexico	57	75	56	6.3	8.0	6.0
New York	518	473	430	5.2	4.7	4.2
North Carolina	393	397	385	7.6	7.5	7.3
North Dakota	35	30	32	7.6	6.4	6.8
Ohio	406	430	380	6.8	7.1	6.3
Oklahoma	115	132	117	6.4	7.1	6.3
Oregon	130	121	109	6.3	5.7	5.2
Pennsylvania	503	406	347	7.7	6.2	5.3
Rhode Island	41	35	29	7.5	6.6	5.6
South Carolina	179	187	173	7.4	7.6	7.0
South Dakota	39	32	34	7.9	6.5	6.9
Tennessee	265	265	235	7.6	7.4	6.6
Texas	991	877	814	6.9	6.0	5.5
Utah	121	122	105	6.7	6.6	5.7
Vermont	25	22	19	7.6	6.6	6.0
Virginia	300	327	287	6.9	7.3	6.5
Washington	218	243	172	5.8	6.3	4.5
West Virginia	57	56	50	7.5	7.4	6.6
Wisconsin	222	219	176	7.0	6.8	5.5
Wyoming	29	22	24	9.3	7.0	7.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	7,231	6,277	6,850	4.7	4.0	4.4
Alabama	100	91	115	4.8	4.2	5.4
Alaska	39	17	37	12.0	5.3	11.3
Arizona	156	159	152	5.0	5.0	4.8
Arkansas	71	58	71	5.3	4.3	5.2
California	658	541	511	3.7	3.0	2.8
Colorado	163	140	144	5.7	4.8	5.0
Connecticut	73	69	79	4.3	4.1	4.7
Delaware	26	27	26	5.5	5.7	5.4
District of Columbia	25	23	28	3.3	2.9	3.6
Florida	461	393	425	4.9	4.0	4.4
Georgia	307	227	240	6.4	4.7	4.9
Hawaii	22	19	20	3.5	3.0	3.2
Idaho	52	42	50	6.3	5.0	5.9
Illinois	309	234	297	5.1	3.8	4.8
Indiana	157	151	175	4.9	4.7	5.3
Iowa	78	62	78	4.9	3.9	4.9
Kansas	58	54	65	4.1	3.8	4.5
Kentucky	101	87	96	5.2	4.3	4.8
Louisiana	100	82	113	5.2	4.2	5.8
Maine	36	28	33	5.6	4.4	5.2
Maryland	113	113	115	4.2	4.1	4.2
Massachusetts	150	147	128	4.1	3.9	3.4
Michigan	189	159	203	4.3	3.6	4.5
Minnesota	138	125	151	4.7	4.2	5.0
Mississippi	56	48	57	4.8	4.1	4.8
Missouri	122	104	124	4.1	3.5	4.2
Montana	39	27	38	7.6	5.3	7.4
Nebraska	42	41	45	4.1	3.9	4.3
Nevada	92	65	76	6.2	4.2	4.9
New Hampshire	35	45	32	5.1	6.5	4.6
New Jersey	182	175	170	4.3	4.1	3.9
New Mexico	37	38	39	4.3	4.3	4.5
New York	420	302	329	4.4	3.1	3.4
North Carolina	258	216	241	5.4	4.4	4.9
North Dakota	25	16	28	5.8	3.8	6.4
Ohio	294	227	260	5.3	4.1	4.6
Oklahoma	89	79	81	5.3	4.6	4.7
Oregon	86	71	89	4.4	3.6	4.5
Pennsylvania	229	246	227	3.8	4.0	3.7
Rhode Island	26	30	24	5.1	6.2	4.9
South Carolina	125	110	121	5.6	4.8	5.2
South Dakota	28	20	29	6.1	4.3	6.2
Tennessee	167	164	177	5.1	4.9	5.4
Texas	713	649	682	5.3	4.7	4.9
Utah	80	74	88	4.8	4.3	5.1
Vermont	16	17	16	5.1	5.5	5.1
Virginia	173	174	174	4.3	4.2	4.2
Washington	133	137	153	3.8	3.8	4.2
West Virginia	39	34	38	5.5	4.8	5.5
Wisconsin	125	104	138	4.2	3.5	4.6
Wyoming	23	13	21	8.1	4.7	7.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,924	5,578	5,707	3.9	3.6	3.7
Alabama	94	78	103	4.5	3.6	4.8
Alaska	18	19	17	5.4	6.1	5.3
Arizona	154	157	130	5.0	5.0	4.1
Arkansas	57	51	62	4.3	3.7	4.6
California	712	510	510	4.0	2.8	2.8
Colorado	122	128	102	4.2	4.4	3.5
Connecticut	47	54	54	2.8	3.2	3.2
Delaware	26	20	29	5.6	4.1	6.0
District of Columbia	23	20	26	3.0	2.6	3.3
Florida	484	409	429	5.2	4.2	4.4
Georgia	276	195	240	5.8	4.0	4.9
Hawaii	21	19	21	3.4	3.0	3.3
Idaho	34	48	34	4.1	5.7	4.0
Illinois	219	218	190	3.6	3.6	3.1
Indiana	123	151	137	3.8	4.7	4.2
Iowa	62	66	57	3.9	4.1	3.6
Kansas	53	58	57	3.7	4.0	3.9
Kentucky	83	84	89	4.2	4.2	4.4
Louisiana	92	82	102	4.8	4.2	5.2
Maine	20	20	25	3.1	3.2	3.9
Maryland	84	100	97	3.1	3.7	3.5
Massachusetts	81	109	89	2.2	2.9	2.4
Michigan	159	140	163	3.6	3.2	3.7
Minnesota	99	98	96	3.4	3.3	3.2
Mississippi	51	47	62	4.4	4.0	5.3
Missouri	111	103	107	3.8	3.5	3.6
Montana	27	27	27	5.4	5.2	5.2
Nebraska	42	40	40	4.1	3.8	3.8
Nevada	58	62	63	3.9	4.0	4.1
New Hampshire	28	23	26	4.1	3.3	3.7
New Jersey	111	135	102	2.6	3.1	2.4
New Mexico	34	34	31	4.0	3.9	3.6
New York	273	225	269	2.9	2.3	2.8
North Carolina	209	191	201	4.3	3.9	4.1
North Dakota	21	20	18	4.8	4.6	4.0
Ohio	198	211	220	3.6	3.8	3.9
Oklahoma	69	67	69	4.1	3.8	4.0
Oregon	68	76	70	3.5	3.8	3.5
Pennsylvania	192	173	172	3.2	2.8	2.8
Rhode Island	18	17	20	3.6	3.4	4.0
South Carolina	93	88	96	4.2	3.9	4.2
South Dakota	19	20	18	4.3	4.5	3.8
Tennessee	145	130	149	4.5	3.9	4.5
Texas	539	496	556	4.0	3.6	4.0
Utah	64	77	81	3.8	4.5	4.7
Vermont	16	12	18	5.2	4.0	5.9
Virginia	148	162	168	3.6	3.9	4.1
Washington	98	144	101	2.8	4.0	2.8
West Virginia	30	34	33	4.3	4.9	4.7
Wisconsin	103	110	116	3.5	3.7	3.9
Wyoming	14	16	14	5.1	5.6	5.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,226	3,820	4,036	2.8	2.5	2.6
Alabama	62	59	79	3.0	2.7	3.7
Alaska	13	8	12	3.9	2.6	3.7
Arizona	115	113	99	3.7	3.6	3.1
Arkansas	39	37	45	2.9	2.7	3.3
California	489	356	358	2.8	2.0	2.0
Colorado	87	77	74	3.0	2.7	2.6
Connecticut	33	35	38	2.0	2.1	2.2
Delaware	18	14	20	3.8	2.9	4.1
District of Columbia	15	13	17	2.0	1.7	2.2
Florida	351	311	299	3.7	3.2	3.1
Georgia	197	150	158	4.1	3.1	3.2
Hawaii	15	12	14	2.5	2.0	2.3
Idaho	25	30	24	3.1	3.6	2.8
Illinois	138	129	125	2.3	2.1	2.0
Indiana	95	105	95	3.0	3.2	2.9
Iowa	47	47	40	3.0	2.9	2.5
Kansas	39	35	39	2.7	2.4	2.7
Kentucky	61	65	66	3.1	3.2	3.3
Louisiana	61	58	72	3.2	2.9	3.7
Maine	14	14	18	2.3	2.2	2.9
Maryland	60	73	68	2.2	2.7	2.5
Massachusetts	62	72	58	1.7	1.9	1.6
Michigan	122	86	109	2.8	2.0	2.4
Minnesota	71	66	71	2.4	2.2	2.4
Mississippi	38	35	41	3.2	2.9	3.5
Missouri	78	67	76	2.6	2.3	2.5
Montana	21	17	20	4.1	3.2	3.8
Nebraska	26	25	26	2.6	2.4	2.4
Nevada	42	42	45	2.8	2.7	2.9
New Hampshire	21	15	17	3.1	2.2	2.4
New Jersey	70	92	73	1.6	2.1	1.7
New Mexico	22	21	22	2.6	2.5	2.5
New York	176	138	193	1.8	1.4	2.0
North Carolina	140	142	131	2.9	2.9	2.7
North Dakota	12	12	12	2.8	2.8	2.8
Ohio	138	124	151	2.5	2.2	2.7
Oklahoma	50	47	51	2.9	2.7	3.0
Oregon	50	49	50	2.6	2.5	2.5
Pennsylvania	159	128	123	2.6	2.1	2.0
Rhode Island	13	11	14	2.6	2.3	2.7
South Carolina	69	66	69	3.1	2.9	3.0
South Dakota	14	12	12	3.2	2.7	2.6
Tennessee	108	97	107	3.3	2.9	3.2
Texas	409	354	426	3.1	2.6	3.1
Utah	48	51	60	2.9	3.0	3.5
Vermont	12	8	13	3.9	2.8	4.4
Virginia	103	107	120	2.5	2.6	2.9
Washington	68	91	72	1.9	2.5	2.0
West Virginia	22	24	23	3.1	3.4	3.3
Wisconsin	78	69	78	2.6	2.3	2.6
Wyoming	11	10	10	3.8	3.6	3.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)	May 2022	Apr. 2023	May 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,383	1,468	1,385	0.9	0.9	0.9
Alabama	26	16	21	1.2	0.8	1.0
Alaska	4	9	4	1.1	2.9	1.2
Arizona	34	38	25	1.1	1.2	0.8
Arkansas	14	12	14	1.0	0.9	1.0
California	177	125	123	1.0	0.7	0.7
Colorado	26	46	23	0.9	1.6	0.8
Connecticut	11	14	12	0.6	0.8	0.7
Delaware	7	5	8	1.4	1.0	1.6
District of Columbia	7	5	7	0.9	0.6	0.9
Florida	111	84	113	1.2	0.9	1.2
Georgia	70	39	73	1.5	0.8	1.5
Hawaii	5	5	5	0.7	0.8	0.8
Idaho	7	15	8	0.9	1.8	0.9
Illinois	69	72	58	1.2	1.2	0.9
Indiana	22	41	36	0.7	1.3	1.1
Iowa	12	16	14	0.7	1.0	0.9
Kansas	11	20	15	0.8	1.4	1.0
Kentucky	18	17	19	0.9	0.8	0.9
Louisiana	27	22	23	1.4	1.1	1.2
Maine	4	5	5	0.7	0.7	0.8
Maryland	19	22	25	0.7	0.8	0.9
Massachusetts	16	29	21	0.4	0.8	0.6
Michigan	30	48	49	0.7	1.1	1.1
Minnesota	24	27	21	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mississippi	11	10	18	0.9	0.9	1.6
Missouri	28	32	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
Montana	5	8	6	1.0	1.6	1.1
Nebraska	13	12	12	1.3	1.2	1.1
Nevada	14	17	15	0.9	1.1	1.0
New Hampshire	6	6	7	0.9	0.9	1.0
New Jersey	35	34	21	0.8	0.8	0.5
New Mexico	9	10	7	1.1	1.1	0.8
New York	78	75	63	0.8	0.8	0.6
North Carolina	62	42	61	1.3	0.9	1.2
North Dakota	7	6	4	1.7	1.5	0.9
Ohio	44	69	54	0.8	1.2	0.9
Oklahoma	15	16	15	0.9	1.0	0.9
Oregon	14	22	17	0.7	1.1	0.8
Pennsylvania	25	36	39	0.4	0.6	0.6
Rhode Island	4	4	5	0.8	0.8	1.0
South Carolina	20	19	22	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Dakota	4	7	4	0.8	1.6	0.9
Tennessee	30	26	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
Texas	101	121	108	0.8	0.9	0.8
Utah	13	21	18	0.8	1.2	1.0
Vermont	3	3	4	1.1	0.9	1.2
Virginia	38	50	41	0.9	1.2	1.0
Washington	24	43	22	0.7	1.2	0.6
West Virginia	7	8	8	0.9	1.1	1.2
Wisconsin	19	35	31	0.6	1.2	1.0
Wyoming	3	5	3	1.0	1.7	1.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Annual average job openings levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	7,104	7,161	6,364	9,967	11,168
Alabama	93	96	96	141	154
Alaska	22	23	18	28	31
Arizona	151	159	148	207	241
Arkansas	57	62	57	85	100
California	756	767	671	1,035	1,252
Colorado	141	147	110	196	223
Connecticut	67	65	59	96	115
Delaware	22	23	21	32	37
District of Columbia	27	31	29	43	45
Florida	440	419	379	602	672
Georgia	231	233	233	381	415
Hawaii	29	31	25	38	39
Idaho	38	40	37	57	66
Illinois	287	276	236	372	441
Indiana	168	157	139	216	220
Iowa	79	75	65	100	116
Kansas	80	72	62	87	102
Kentucky	90	90	95	147	160
Louisiana	84	92	90	131	152
Maine	33	31	27	43	46
Maryland	135	140	139	201	209
Massachusetts	165	170	144	245	284
Michigan	227	218	193	336	325
Minnesota	162	140	113	179	222
Mississippi	52	53	55	81	88
Missouri	156	148	119	185	211
Montana	26	27	24	39	46
Nebraska	53	50	45	63	72
Nevada	69	67	65	107	106
New Hampshire	32	32	31	51	54
New Jersey	188	183	186	279	268
New Mexico	44	47	39	63	68
New York	391	389	338	547	554
North Carolina	243	282	215	337	375
North Dakota	24	26	19	28	31
Ohio	278	275	237	353	406
Oklahoma	77	82	82	114	127
Oregon	95	102	93	138	145
Pennsylvania	287	276	250	406	448
Rhode Island	24	24	21	35	38
South Carolina	118	113	110	168	180
South Dakota	23	22	19	29	32
Tennessee	150	141	144	223	261
Texas	541	576	484	855	987
Utah	78	80	70	104	121
Vermont	17	16	13	22	24
Virginia	198	220	199	278	321
Washington	156	163	134	202	230
West Virginia	38	40	43	54	62
Wisconsin	150	154	131	189	227
Wyoming	16	17	13	21	24
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings level is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels divided by 12.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Annual average job openings rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	4.6	4.5	4.3	6.4	6.8
Alabama	4.3	4.4	4.6	6.4	6.8
Alaska	6.3	6.5	5.7	8.3	8.9
Arizona	5.0	5.1	4.9	6.5	7.2
Arkansas	4.3	4.6	4.3	6.2	7.0
California	4.2	4.2	4.0	5.8	6.6
Colorado	4.9	5.0	4.0	6.7	7.2
Connecticut	3.8	3.7	3.6	5.6	6.5
Delaware	4.6	4.6	4.6	6.5	7.3
District of Columbia	3.3	3.8	3.8	5.5	5.5
Florida	4.8	4.5	4.3	6.3	6.7
Georgia	4.8	4.8	5.0	7.6	8.0
Hawaii	4.2	4.5	4.3	6.1	6.0
Idaho	4.9	5.0	4.7	6.7	7.3
Illinois	4.5	4.3	4.0	6.0	6.8
Indiana	5.1	4.7	4.4	6.5	6.4
Iowa	4.7	4.5	4.2	6.1	6.9
Kansas	5.3	4.8	4.4	5.9	6.7
Kentucky	4.5	4.4	4.9	7.2	7.5
Louisiana	4.1	4.4	4.6	6.5	7.3
Maine	5.0	4.7	4.2	6.5	6.8
Maryland	4.7	4.8	5.1	7.0	7.1
Massachusetts	4.3	4.4	4.0	6.5	7.2
Michigan	4.9	4.7	4.6	7.4	6.9
Minnesota	5.2	4.5	3.9	5.9	7.0
Mississippi	4.3	4.3	4.7	6.6	7.0
Missouri	5.1	4.8	4.1	6.1	6.7
Montana	5.2	5.3	4.9	7.3	8.2
Nebraska	4.9	4.6	4.4	5.9	6.6
Nevada	4.8	4.5	4.8	7.2	6.7
New Hampshire	4.6	4.5	4.6	7.1	7.3
New Jersey	4.3	4.2	4.6	6.5	5.9
New Mexico	5.0	5.2	4.7	7.2	7.4
New York	3.9	3.8	3.7	5.7	5.5
North Carolina	5.1	5.8	4.7	6.8	7.3
North Dakota	5.1	5.6	4.4	6.3	6.7
Ohio	4.8	4.7	4.3	6.1	6.8
Oklahoma	4.4	4.6	4.8	6.5	6.9
Oregon	4.7	5.0	4.8	6.8	6.9
Pennsylvania	4.6	4.3	4.3	6.6	7.0
Rhode Island	4.6	4.6	4.3	6.8	7.2
South Carolina	5.2	4.9	5.0	7.2	7.4
South Dakota	5.1	4.8	4.3	6.3	6.5
Tennessee	4.7	4.3	4.6	6.7	7.4
Texas	4.1	4.3	3.8	6.3	6.8
Utah	4.9	4.9	4.4	6.1	6.7
Vermont	5.0	4.8	4.4	7.0	7.2
Virginia	4.7	5.2	4.9	6.6	7.3
Washington	4.4	4.5	3.9	5.7	6.1
West Virginia	5.0	5.3	6.1	7.4	8.1
Wisconsin	4.8	4.9	4.4	6.1	7.1
Wyoming	5.2	5.6	4.7	7.1	7.6
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels and the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Annual hires levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	68,620	70,028	72,588	76,006	77,201
Alabama	982	955	1,006	1,162	1,236
Alaska	227	235	213	230	250
Arizona	1,552	1,500	1,510	1,581	1,841
Arkansas	655	677	668	750	774
California	6,891	7,019	7,958	7,947	7,715
Colorado	1,381	1,383	1,468	1,545	1,564
Connecticut	609	684	769	722	737
Delaware	251	256	249	268	301
District of Columbia	277	288	240	277	282
Florida	3,597	4,246	4,271	4,834	4,919
Georgia	2,365	2,248	2,388	2,912	3,171
Hawaii	265	284	299	299	286
Idaho	397	430	494	485	525
Illinois	2,878	2,554	2,791	3,160	3,054
Indiana	1,725	1,722	1,670	1,720	1,698
Iowa	674	682	716	759	750
Kansas	642	651	588	685	681
Kentucky	1,016	987	1,126	1,208	1,174
Louisiana	1,018	1,069	981	1,131	1,144
Maine	314	303	305	312	318
Maryland	1,150	1,265	1,176	1,135	1,375
Massachusetts	1,370	1,494	1,500	1,551	1,558
Michigan	2,035	2,014	2,415	2,474	2,112
Minnesota	1,196	1,179	1,167	1,216	1,317
Mississippi	573	577	635	666	690
Missouri	1,293	1,337	1,430	1,399	1,350
Montana	276	285	312	333	359
Nebraska	481	472	474	493	477
Nevada	695	704	947	953	895
New Hampshire	316	318	320	350	359
New Jersey	1,599	1,645	2,190	1,936	1,920
New Mexico	375	440	399	478	455
New York	3,460	3,570	3,646	3,672	3,720
North Carolina	2,506	2,813	2,662	2,817	2,796
North Dakota	218	240	227	236	228
Ohio	2,524	2,527	2,790	2,638	2,692
Oklahoma	943	880	870	936	1,045
Oregon	957	1,006	1,003	1,032	1,064
Pennsylvania	2,445	2,460	2,502	2,533	2,374
Rhode Island	227	237	265	268	263
South Carolina	1,188	1,204	1,241	1,244	1,330
South Dakota	218	207	206	229	235
Tennessee	1,822	1,663	1,748	1,771	1,965
Texas	6,881	6,854	6,418	7,206	7,443
Utah	942	854	839	853	932
Vermont	160	160	155	156	157
Virginia	1,699	1,931	1,923	1,974	2,058
Washington	1,469	1,638	1,554	1,576	1,650
West Virginia	404	380	386	392	425
Wisconsin	1,317	1,325	1,317	1,331	1,342
Wyoming	172	181	163	179	187
Footnotes (1) The annual hires level is the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Annual average hires rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	3.8	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.2
Alabama	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.7	4.9
Alaska	5.8	5.9	5.9	6.2	6.5
Arizona	4.5	4.2	4.4	4.4	5.0
Arkansas	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.9	4.8
California	3.3	3.4	4.1	4.0	3.6
Colorado	4.2	4.1	4.6	4.7	4.5
Connecticut	3.0	3.4	4.1	3.7	3.7
Delaware	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.3
District of Columbia	2.9	3.0	2.7	3.1	3.1
Florida	3.4	3.9	4.2	4.5	4.4
Georgia	4.3	4.0	4.5	5.3	5.5
Hawaii	3.4	3.6	4.4	4.2	3.9
Idaho	4.5	4.7	5.5	5.1	5.3
Illinois	3.9	3.5	4.1	4.5	4.2
Indiana	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.4
Iowa	3.5	3.6	4.0	4.1	4.0
Kansas	3.8	3.8	3.6	4.1	4.0
Kentucky	4.4	4.2	5.1	5.3	5.0
Louisiana	4.3	4.5	4.4	5.0	5.0
Maine	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.1
Maryland	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.6	4.2
Massachusetts	3.1	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.5
Michigan	3.8	3.8	5.0	4.9	4.0
Minnesota	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.7
Mississippi	4.1	4.2	4.8	4.9	4.9
Missouri	3.7	3.8	4.3	4.1	3.8
Montana	4.8	4.9	5.5	5.6	5.9
Nebraska	3.9	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.9
Nevada	4.2	4.1	6.2	5.8	5.0
New Hampshire	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.4
New Jersey	3.2	3.3	4.7	4.0	3.8
New Mexico	3.7	4.3	4.2	4.9	4.5
New York	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.3
North Carolina	4.6	5.1	5.0	5.1	4.9
North Dakota	4.2	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.4
Ohio	3.8	3.8	4.4	4.1	4.1
Oklahoma	4.7	4.3	4.5	4.7	5.1
Oregon	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.5
Pennsylvania	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.3
Rhode Island	3.8	3.9	4.8	4.7	4.4
South Carolina	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.8	4.9
South Dakota	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.3
Tennessee	4.9	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.0
Texas	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.6
Utah	5.2	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.6
Vermont	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.3
Virginia	3.5	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.2
Washington	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
West Virginia	4.7	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.1
Wisconsin	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.8
Wyoming	5.0	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.5
Footnotes (1) The annual average hires rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 15. Annual total separations levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	66,174	68,001	80,842	69,032	72,273
Alabama	927	947	1,019	1,106	1,136
Alaska	233	250	225	226	253
Arizona	1,448	1,421	1,535	1,470	1,712
Arkansas	631	645	693	689	704
California	6,728	7,411	8,936	7,132	7,635
Colorado	1,399	1,375	1,763	1,490	1,502
Connecticut	564	622	855	617	654
Delaware	237	248	268	253	280
District of Columbia	259	269	307	245	296
Florida	3,732	4,052	4,888	4,409	4,921
Georgia	2,193	2,219	2,692	2,869	3,100
Hawaii	260	296	368	258	253
Idaho	372	411	454	450	490
Illinois	2,605	2,354	3,345	2,782	2,718
Indiana	1,667	1,708	1,856	1,615	1,601
Iowa	662	672	780	710	717
Kansas	647	629	688	621	634
Kentucky	961	929	1,178	1,123	1,063
Louisiana	985	1,085	1,136	1,040	1,072
Maine	296	280	325	294	289
Maryland	1,178	1,242	1,294	1,040	1,328
Massachusetts	1,243	1,305	1,745	1,376	1,326
Michigan	1,938	1,991	2,705	2,161	1,868
Minnesota	1,159	1,109	1,408	1,107	1,242
Mississippi	580	589	678	677	685
Missouri	1,231	1,304	1,626	1,352	1,341
Montana	267	303	306	311	342
Nebraska	471	450	521	462	444
Nevada	680	698	1,200	770	793
New Hampshire	303	290	345	325	349
New Jersey	1,560	1,729	2,456	1,669	1,843
New Mexico	372	432	468	404	421
New York	3,328	3,420	4,303	3,184	3,339
North Carolina	2,441	2,647	2,678	2,616	2,525
North Dakota	209	232	283	210	216
Ohio	2,570	2,497	3,054	2,422	2,533
Oklahoma	895	894	942	871	891
Oregon	937	1,044	1,170	943	959
Pennsylvania	2,422	2,374	3,011	2,268	2,277
Rhode Island	214	224	284	226	239
South Carolina	1,090	1,206	1,240	1,153	1,219
South Dakota	213	202	230	204	209
Tennessee	1,642	1,443	1,818	1,730	1,876
Texas	6,600	6,397	7,029	6,380	6,699
Utah	923	869	814	793	848
Vermont	150	150	177	148	147
Virginia	1,560	1,814	1,943	1,739	1,877
Washington	1,410	1,504	1,723	1,296	1,514
West Virginia	377	386	419	377	403
Wisconsin	1,241	1,250	1,472	1,236	1,295
Wyoming	165	189	181	175	187
Footnotes (1) The annual total separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 16. Annual average total separations rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	3.7	3.8	4.7	3.9	3.9
Alabama	3.8	3.8	4.3	4.5	4.5
Alaska	5.9	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.6
Arizona	4.2	4.0	4.5	4.1	4.6
Arkansas	4.1	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.4
California	3.3	3.5	4.6	3.5	3.6
Colorado	4.3	4.1	5.5	4.5	4.4
Connecticut	2.8	3.1	4.5	3.2	3.3
Delaware	4.3	4.4	5.1	4.6	4.9
District of Columbia	2.7	2.8	3.4	2.8	3.2
Florida	3.5	3.8	4.8	4.1	4.4
Georgia	4.0	4.0	5.1	5.2	5.4
Hawaii	3.3	3.7	5.5	3.7	3.4
Idaho	4.2	4.5	5.0	4.7	4.9
Illinois	3.6	3.2	4.9	4.0	3.8
Indiana	4.4	4.5	5.2	4.4	4.2
Iowa	3.5	3.5	4.3	3.8	3.8
Kansas	3.8	3.7	4.2	3.8	3.7
Kentucky	4.1	4.0	5.3	4.9	4.5
Louisiana	4.1	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.7
Maine	3.9	3.7	4.5	3.9	3.8
Maryland	3.6	3.7	4.2	3.3	4.1
Massachusetts	2.8	2.9	4.3	3.2	3.0
Michigan	3.6	3.7	5.6	4.3	3.6
Minnesota	3.3	3.1	4.2	3.2	3.5
Mississippi	4.2	4.2	5.1	5.0	4.9
Missouri	3.5	3.7	4.9	4.0	3.8
Montana	4.6	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.6
Nebraska	3.8	3.7	4.4	3.8	3.6
Nevada	4.1	4.1	7.8	4.7	4.4
New Hampshire	3.7	3.5	4.5	4.1	4.2
New Jersey	3.1	3.4	5.3	3.4	3.6
New Mexico	3.7	4.2	4.9	4.1	4.1
New York	2.9	2.9	4.1	2.9	2.9
North Carolina	4.5	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.4
North Dakota	4.0	4.4	5.7	4.2	4.2
Ohio	3.9	3.7	4.8	3.7	3.8
Oklahoma	4.4	4.4	4.8	4.4	4.4
Oregon	4.1	4.5	5.3	4.2	4.1
Pennsylvania	3.4	3.3	4.5	3.3	3.2
Rhode Island	3.6	3.7	5.1	3.9	4.0
South Carolina	4.2	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.5
South Dakota	4.1	3.8	4.5	3.9	3.8
Tennessee	4.5	3.9	5.0	4.6	4.8
Texas	4.4	4.2	4.8	4.2	4.1
Utah	5.1	4.6	4.4	4.1	4.2
Vermont	4.0	4.0	5.1	4.2	4.0
Virginia	3.2	3.7	4.2	3.7	3.8
Washington	3.5	3.6	4.4	3.2	3.6
West Virginia	4.4	4.5	5.2	4.6	4.8
Wisconsin	3.5	3.5	4.3	3.6	3.6
Wyoming	4.8	5.4	5.5	5.2	5.5
Footnotes (1) The annual average total separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 17. Annual quits levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	40,308	42,125	35,904	47,680	50,596
Alabama	576	604	570	768	822
Alaska	146	154	101	159	168
Arizona	964	974	786	1,113	1,297
Arkansas	398	421	377	493	504
California	4,080	4,366	3,459	4,755	5,240
Colorado	887	893	722	1,022	1,018
Connecticut	308	336	300	400	434
Delaware	145	154	136	178	202
District of Columbia	151	163	149	153	200
Florida	2,295	2,626	2,467	3,206	3,605
Georgia	1,414	1,449	1,420	2,027	2,213
Hawaii	169	195	158	181	179
Idaho	237	273	218	331	345
Illinois	1,577	1,520	1,477	1,855	1,765
Indiana	1,024	1,040	849	1,161	1,156
Iowa	399	415	363	495	508
Kansas	418	411	323	443	449
Kentucky	615	588	595	784	778
Louisiana	633	702	569	745	761
Maine	153	153	129	195	191
Maryland	648	768	593	692	887
Massachusetts	665	747	592	886	903
Michigan	1,213	1,285	1,142	1,495	1,341
Minnesota	683	709	555	781	876
Mississippi	364	376	357	486	482
Missouri	777	814	816	988	930
Montana	174	179	141	223	240
Nebraska	296	292	261	321	306
Nevada	444	458	413	509	553
New Hampshire	162	161	126	206	211
New Jersey	840	978	913	1,076	1,159
New Mexico	248	289	210	284	290
New York	1,707	1,783	1,503	1,938	2,127
North Carolina	1,503	1,635	1,259	1,776	1,762
North Dakota	126	146	122	140	143
Ohio	1,614	1,616	1,364	1,657	1,682
Oklahoma	586	601	470	616	648
Oregon	606	657	471	669	675
Pennsylvania	1,353	1,337	1,086	1,449	1,551
Rhode Island	115	122	94	145	155
South Carolina	719	751	666	813	899
South Dakota	125	128	104	146	149
Tennessee	1,099	943	929	1,202	1,341
Texas	4,046	4,095	3,531	4,615	5,065
Utah	605	559	395	589	621
Vermont	82	81	59	92	98
Virginia	1,031	1,119	935	1,224	1,306
Washington	815	883	710	908	1,028
West Virginia	242	245	211	265	293
Wisconsin	729	804	640	895	905
Wyoming	106	118	79	123	131
Footnotes (1) The annual quits level is the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 18. Annual average quits rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.7	2.8
Alabama	2.3	2.4	2.4	3.1	3.2
Alaska	3.7	3.9	2.8	4.3	4.4
Arizona	2.8	2.8	2.3	3.1	3.5
Arkansas	2.6	2.7	2.5	3.2	3.2
California	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.5
Colorado	2.7	2.7	2.3	3.1	3.0
Connecticut	1.5	1.7	1.6	2.1	2.2
Delaware	2.6	2.7	2.6	3.3	3.6
District of Columbia	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.2
Florida	2.2	2.4	2.4	3.0	3.2
Georgia	2.6	2.6	2.7	3.7	3.8
Hawaii	2.1	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.4
Idaho	2.7	3.0	2.4	3.5	3.5
Illinois	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.7	2.4
Indiana	2.7	2.7	2.4	3.1	3.0
Iowa	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.7	2.7
Kansas	2.5	2.4	2.0	2.7	2.6
Kentucky	2.7	2.5	2.7	3.4	3.3
Louisiana	2.6	2.9	2.6	3.3	3.3
Maine	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.6	2.5
Maryland	2.0	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.7
Massachusetts	1.5	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.0
Michigan	2.3	2.4	2.4	3.0	2.6
Minnesota	1.9	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.5
Mississippi	2.6	2.7	2.7	3.6	3.4
Missouri	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.9	2.6
Montana	3.0	3.1	2.5	3.8	3.9
Nebraska	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.7	2.5
Nevada	2.7	2.7	2.7	3.1	3.1
New Hampshire	2.0	2.0	1.6	2.6	2.6
New Jersey	1.7	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.3
New Mexico	2.5	2.8	2.2	2.9	2.9
New York	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.9
North Carolina	2.8	3.0	2.4	3.2	3.1
North Dakota	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.8
Ohio	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.5
Oklahoma	2.9	2.9	2.4	3.1	3.2
Oregon	2.6	2.8	2.1	3.0	2.9
Pennsylvania	1.9	1.8	1.6	2.1	2.2
Rhode Island	1.9	2.0	1.7	2.5	2.6
South Carolina	2.8	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.3
South Dakota	2.4	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.7
Tennessee	3.0	2.5	2.6	3.2	3.4
Texas	2.7	2.7	2.4	3.0	3.1
Utah	3.3	3.0	2.1	3.0	3.1
Vermont	2.2	2.1	1.7	2.6	2.7
Virginia	2.1	2.3	2.0	2.6	2.7
Washington	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.2	2.4
West Virginia	2.8	2.9	2.6	3.2	3.5
Wisconsin	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.6	2.5
Wyoming	3.1	3.4	2.4	3.7	3.8
Footnotes (1) The annual average quits rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	21,807	21,875	40,830	17,103	17,564
Alabama	289	271	389	266	254
Alaska	70	83	107	51	70
Arizona	420	377	680	299	338
Arkansas	199	190	268	160	164
California	2,131	2,533	4,926	1,815	1,871
Colorado	433	410	916	407	382
Connecticut	210	245	510	174	176
Delaware	79	80	118	62	65
District of Columbia	89	83	141	66	69
Florida	1,213	1,215	2,235	970	1,029
Georgia	650	634	1,130	670	715
Hawaii	76	85	193	60	58
Idaho	114	119	221	98	120
Illinois	911	712	1,713	792	807
Indiana	572	593	924	359	360
Iowa	218	223	373	171	169
Kansas	193	182	326	141	150
Kentucky	294	279	524	280	231
Louisiana	300	325	506	235	250
Maine	122	108	180	80	77
Maryland	452	385	636	277	356
Massachusetts	475	473	1,079	397	346
Michigan	610	589	1,440	527	434
Minnesota	405	324	782	240	305
Mississippi	181	181	285	156	163
Missouri	370	418	743	278	344
Montana	78	108	151	75	85
Nebraska	146	131	229	109	113
Nevada	205	211	734	226	205
New Hampshire	119	110	205	96	111
New Jersey	592	606	1,436	495	568
New Mexico	97	119	235	92	101
New York	1,365	1,403	2,561	983	977
North Carolina	796	868	1,267	685	618
North Dakota	72	73	148	60	60
Ohio	793	748	1,553	639	704
Oklahoma	260	239	416	203	194
Oregon	284	336	638	227	218
Pennsylvania	901	885	1,794	679	591
Rhode Island	85	89	174	66	69
South Carolina	318	390	494	275	249
South Dakota	74	62	112	45	52
Tennessee	469	425	813	437	451
Texas	2,205	1,999	3,166	1,366	1,340
Utah	278	266	382	162	183
Vermont	57	54	112	42	38
Virginia	445	580	912	402	461
Washington	493	516	929	308	400
West Virginia	113	118	184	90	87
Wisconsin	428	372	744	272	323
Wyoming	50	60	91	43	47
Footnotes (1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 20. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
TOTAL U.S.	1.2	1.2	2.4	1.0	1.0
Alabama	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.1	1.0
Alaska	1.8	2.1	2.9	1.4	1.8
Arizona	1.2	1.1	2.0	0.8	0.9
Arkansas	1.3	1.2	1.8	1.0	1.0
California	1.0	1.2	2.5	0.9	0.9
Colorado	1.3	1.2	2.9	1.2	1.1
Connecticut	1.0	1.2	2.7	0.9	0.9
Delaware	1.4	1.4	2.2	1.1	1.1
District of Columbia	0.9	0.9	1.6	0.7	0.8
Florida	1.2	1.1	2.2	0.9	0.9
Georgia	1.2	1.1	2.1	1.2	1.2
Hawaii	1.0	1.1	2.9	0.9	0.8
Idaho	1.3	1.3	2.4	1.0	1.2
Illinois	1.2	1.0	2.5	1.1	1.1
Indiana	1.5	1.6	2.6	1.0	0.9
Iowa	1.1	1.2	2.1	0.9	0.9
Kansas	1.1	1.1	2.0	0.9	0.9
Kentucky	1.3	1.2	2.4	1.2	1.0
Louisiana	1.3	1.4	2.3	1.0	1.1
Maine	1.6	1.4	2.5	1.1	1.0
Maryland	1.4	1.2	2.1	0.9	1.1
Massachusetts	1.1	1.1	2.6	0.9	0.8
Michigan	1.1	1.1	3.0	1.0	0.8
Minnesota	1.1	0.9	2.3	0.7	0.9
Mississippi	1.3	1.3	2.1	1.1	1.2
Missouri	1.1	1.2	2.2	0.8	1.0
Montana	1.4	1.9	2.7	1.3	1.4
Nebraska	1.2	1.1	1.9	0.9	0.9
Nevada	1.2	1.2	4.8	1.4	1.1
New Hampshire	1.5	1.3	2.7	1.2	1.3
New Jersey	1.2	1.2	3.1	1.0	1.1
New Mexico	1.0	1.2	2.4	0.9	1.0
New York	1.2	1.2	2.4	0.9	0.9
North Carolina	1.5	1.6	2.4	1.2	1.1
North Dakota	1.4	1.4	3.0	1.2	1.2
Ohio	1.2	1.1	2.5	1.0	1.1
Oklahoma	1.3	1.2	2.1	1.0	1.0
Oregon	1.2	1.4	2.9	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania	1.2	1.2	2.7	1.0	0.8
Rhode Island	1.4	1.5	3.1	1.1	1.2
South Carolina	1.2	1.5	2.0	1.1	0.9
South Dakota	1.4	1.2	2.2	0.9	1.0
Tennessee	1.3	1.1	2.3	1.2	1.2
Texas	1.5	1.3	2.1	0.9	0.8
Utah	1.5	1.4	2.1	0.8	0.9
Vermont	1.5	1.4	3.3	1.2	1.0
Virginia	0.9	1.2	2.0	0.8	0.9
Washington	1.2	1.2	2.4	0.8	0.9
West Virginia	1.3	1.4	2.3	1.1	1.0
Wisconsin	1.2	1.0	2.2	0.8	0.9
Wyoming	1.5	1.7	2.8	1.3	1.4
Footnotes (1) The annual average layoffs and discharges rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.