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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, September 19, 2023	USDL-23-2023
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 9 states and increased in 3 states on the last business day of July, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 6 states. Total separations rates
decreased in 4 states and increased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations
rates showed little change in July.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In July, job openings rates decreased in 9 states, increased in 3 states, and were little changed in 38
states and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in job openings rates occurred in Louisiana
(-1.3 percentage points) and in Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia (-0.9 point each). The increases
occurred in Maine (+0.9 point), New Hampshire (+0.8 point), and New Jersey (+0.5 point). Over the
month, the national job openings rate was little changed. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 13 states, increased in 3 states, and was little changed in 34
states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the job openings level occurred in
Florida (-66,000), Virginia (-45,000), and Tennessee (-35,000). The increases occurred in New Jersey
(+25,000), as well as in Maine and New Hampshire (+6,000 each). Nationally, the number of job
openings edged down over the month. (See table 1.)

Hires

In July, hires rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the District of
Columbia. The largest decreases in the hires rates occurred in Alaska (-1.3 percentage points) and
Louisiana (-0.9 point), as well as in Colorado and North Carolina (-0.8 point each). The national hires
rate was little changed over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires decreased in 7 states and was little changed in 43 states and the District of
Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the hires level occurred in Texas (-63,000), North Carolina
(-37,000), and New Jersey (-29,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month.
(See table 2.)

Total Separations

In July, total separations rates decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 45
states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in total separations rates occurred in Kansas
(-1.3 percentage points) and Arizona (-1.0 point), as well as in Florida and Illinois (-0.6 point each). The
increase occurred in Alaska (+0.9 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was little
changed. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 5 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 44
states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases occurred in Florida (-59,000), Texas
(-54,000), and Illinois (-37,000). The one increase in the total separations level occurred in Alaska
(+3,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In July, quits rates decreased in 7 states and were little changed in 43 states and the District of
Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Kansas (-0.9 percentage point), as well as in
New Hampshire and New Mexico (-0.6 point each). Over the month, the national quits rate was little
changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 8 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 41 states and
the District of Columbia in July. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Texas
(-52,000), Florida (-37,000), and Illinois (-34,000). The one increase occurred in New Jersey (+16,000).
Nationally, the number of quits decreased over the month (-253,000). (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In July, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed
in 44 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in New
Hampshire and Rhode Island (+0.6 percentage point each) and in Connecticut and Mississippi (+0.5
point each). The decreases occurred in Arizona (-0.7 point) and Kansas (-0.4 point). Over the month, the
national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 5 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little
changed in 43 states and the District of Columbia in July. The largest increases in the layoffs and
discharges levels occurred in Connecticut (+8,000), Mississippi (+6,000), and New Hampshire (+4,000).
The decreases occurred in Arizona (-21,000) and Kansas (-5,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and
discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.

______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for August 2023 are scheduled to be
released on Wednesday, October 18, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state,
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023,
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies;
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees;
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths.
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low,
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not
published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates.
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels
by 12.

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce
nonsampling error in the survey's design.

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated,
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution.
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

11,380 10,320 9,616 9,165 8,827 -338 6.9 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.3 -0.2


Alabama

158 145 137 138 126 -12 6.9 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.5 -0.5

Alaska

31 28 27 26 24 -2 8.8 7.9 7.7 7.4 6.9 -0.5

Arizona

270 240 200 184 191 7 8.0 7.1 6.0 5.5 5.7 0.2

Arkansas

97 101 99 91 82 -9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.7 -0.6

California

1,369 1,043 912 926 962 36 7.2 5.5 4.8 4.9 5.0 0.1

Colorado

238 259 188 181 179 -2 7.7 8.2 6.1 5.9 5.8 -0.1

Connecticut

117 97 82 90 92 2 6.5 5.4 4.6 5.1 5.2 0.1

Delaware

40 37 35 33 33 0 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.4 0.0

District of Columbia

53 40 44 42 42 0 6.5 4.9 5.4 5.1 5.1 0.0

Florida

621 669 623 618 552 -66 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.0 5.3 -0.7

Georgia

427 385 371 340 311 -29 8.1 7.3 7.0 6.5 6.0 -0.5

Hawaii

50 38 33 31 31 0 7.4 5.7 5.0 4.7 4.6 -0.1

Idaho

75 57 55 50 55 5 8.3 6.3 6.1 5.5 6.1 0.6

Illinois

444 423 422 363 348 -15 6.8 6.5 6.4 5.6 5.4 -0.2

Indiana

249 193 185 167 165 -2 7.2 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Iowa

103 107 102 85 78 -7 6.2 6.3 6.0 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Kansas

113 97 90 82 81 -1 7.4 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.3 -0.1

Kentucky

151 145 144 126 112 -14 7.1 6.8 6.7 5.9 5.3 -0.6

Louisiana

146 148 156 147 119 -28 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.0 5.7 -1.3

Maine

50 44 42 37 43 6 7.2 6.4 6.1 5.4 6.3 0.9

Maryland

204 206 204 197 169 -28 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 5.8 -0.9

Massachusetts

288 298 254 253 242 -11 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Michigan

316 296 247 239 218 -21 6.7 6.3 5.3 5.1 4.7 -0.4

Minnesota

226 206 208 199 201 2 7.1 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.3 0.0

Mississippi

88 91 87 85 80 -5 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.4 -0.4

Missouri

211 190 173 155 167 12 6.7 6.0 5.5 4.9 5.3 0.4

Montana

51 41 36 35 34 -1 9.1 7.3 6.5 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Nebraska

71 69 63 59 55 -4 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.0 -0.3

Nevada

110 113 104 92 91 -1 6.9 6.8 6.3 5.6 5.5 -0.1

New Hampshire

54 47 40 43 49 6 7.3 6.3 5.4 5.8 6.6 0.8

New Jersey

263 232 194 226 251 25 5.8 5.1 4.3 5.0 5.5 0.5

New Mexico

80 71 65 59 59 0 8.6 7.6 7.0 6.3 6.3 0.0

New York

562 460 434 446 456 10 5.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.5 0.1

North Carolina

375 379 407 330 300 -30 7.2 7.2 7.7 6.3 5.7 -0.6

North Dakota

31 29 30 28 26 -2 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.6 -0.4

Ohio

441 393 372 351 321 -30 7.4 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Oklahoma

123 128 128 120 105 -15 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.5 5.7 -0.8

Oregon

155 126 117 105 108 3 7.3 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.1 0.1

Pennsylvania

413 399 345 350 340 -10 6.4 6.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Rhode Island

36 33 27 29 30 1 6.7 6.2 5.2 5.5 5.7 0.2

South Carolina

177 172 177 168 167 -1 7.3 7.0 7.2 6.8 6.8 0.0

South Dakota

31 31 31 28 25 -3 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.1 -0.6

Tennessee

258 252 237 225 190 -35 7.3 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.4 -0.9

Texas

968 819 824 782 745 -37 6.7 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.1 -0.2

Utah

124 113 105 95 93 -2 6.9 6.2 5.7 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Vermont

22 21 18 19 18 -1 6.7 6.4 5.5 5.9 5.5 -0.4

Virginia

339 315 305 290 245 -45 7.7 7.1 6.9 6.5 5.6 -0.9

Washington

268 213 180 168 181 13 7.0 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.7 0.3

West Virginia

66 55 56 53 52 -1 8.7 7.3 7.4 7.0 6.9 -0.1

Wisconsin

202 205 183 162 164 2 6.4 6.4 5.7 5.1 5.2 0.1

Wyoming

24 22 19 18 18 0 7.8 7.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 0.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,340 6,101 6,231 5,940 5,773 -167 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 -0.1


Alabama

101 93 107 96 95 -1 4.8 4.3 5.0 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Alaska

18 18 21 20 16 -4 5.6 5.5 6.5 6.2 4.9 -1.3

Arizona

158 148 147 135 130 -5 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Arkansas

63 61 66 63 57 -6 4.7 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.2 -0.4

California

616 539 532 617 627 10 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.5 0.1

Colorado

99 128 119 112 89 -23 3.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.1 -0.8

Connecticut

75 59 58 52 60 8 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.5 0.4

Delaware

27 24 24 24 25 1 5.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.2 0.3

District of Columbia

24 24 28 25 26 1 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 0.2

Florida

373 404 402 377 378 1 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.9 0.0

Georgia

265 230 221 218 236 18 5.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.8 0.4

Hawaii

22 21 21 21 20 -1 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Idaho

40 41 42 37 38 1 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.5 0.2

Illinois

249 248 267 239 219 -20 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Indiana

134 151 153 123 136 13 4.2 4.6 4.7 3.8 4.2 0.4

Iowa

62 60 63 55 51 -4 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Kansas

74 59 59 52 57 5 5.2 4.1 4.1 3.6 3.9 0.3

Kentucky

92 84 92 85 81 -4 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Louisiana

95 85 105 115 98 -17 4.9 4.3 5.4 5.9 5.0 -0.9

Maine

27 25 25 24 22 -2 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.4 -0.3

Maryland

114 107 113 104 110 6 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.2

Massachusetts

124 135 113 121 121 0 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.2 0.0

Michigan

176 153 167 155 167 12 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.8 0.3

Minnesota

112 117 121 102 108 6 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.6 0.2

Mississippi

59 52 56 57 56 -1 5.0 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Missouri

107 105 116 102 99 -3 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Montana

27 25 28 28 24 -4 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.4 4.7 -0.7

Nebraska

40 41 42 40 38 -2 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Nevada

67 67 64 65 65 0 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 0.0

New Hampshire

29 37 28 25 29 4 4.2 5.3 4.0 3.6 4.2 0.6

New Jersey

152 167 161 168 139 -29 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.2 -0.7

New Mexico

39 34 37 34 38 4 4.6 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.4 0.5

New York

302 281 277 282 288 6 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1

North Carolina

239 213 222 204 167 -37 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.4 -0.8

North Dakota

20 17 21 19 17 -2 4.7 3.9 4.8 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Ohio

230 222 214 200 189 -11 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Oklahoma

82 79 80 78 83 5 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.8 0.3

Oregon

79 72 88 77 68 -9 4.0 3.6 4.4 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Pennsylvania

178 198 205 181 174 -7 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Rhode Island

21 25 21 19 18 -1 4.2 5.0 4.2 3.8 3.6 -0.2

South Carolina

110 110 114 112 103 -9 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.5 -0.4

South Dakota

20 19 20 20 18 -2 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 -0.4

Tennessee

169 160 172 154 162 8 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.6 4.9 0.3

Texas

638 624 619 572 509 -63 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.6 -0.5

Utah

68 70 73 68 64 -4 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Vermont

12 15 13 12 11 -1 3.9 4.8 4.2 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Virginia

196 169 174 177 175 -2 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Washington

147 129 149 119 125 6 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.3 3.4 0.1

West Virginia

40 32 34 33 36 3 5.8 4.6 4.9 4.7 5.1 0.4

Wisconsin

114 111 124 108 96 -12 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Wyoming

15 14 13 13 13 0 5.3 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 0.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,864 5,660 5,925 5,691 5,483 -208 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1


Alabama

88 76 104 87 91 4 4.2 3.5 4.8 4.0 4.2 0.2

Alaska

21 26 17 16 19 3 6.6 8.0 5.2 4.9 5.8 0.9

Arizona

142 142 119 160 129 -31 4.6 4.5 3.8 5.1 4.1 -1.0

Arkansas

56 54 66 54 56 2 4.2 4.0 4.8 4.0 4.1 0.1

California

553 505 522 518 482 -36 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 -0.2

Colorado

115 116 106 110 101 -9 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Connecticut

59 56 64 56 62 6 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.7 0.4

Delaware

22 21 30 23 22 -1 4.7 4.3 6.2 4.7 4.6 -0.1

District of Columbia

25 21 28 25 25 0 3.3 2.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 0.0

Florida

397 397 408 412 353 -59 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.6 -0.6

Georgia

269 192 247 191 198 7 5.6 3.9 5.0 3.9 4.0 0.1

Hawaii

19 19 20 19 20 1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 0.1

Idaho

44 44 36 35 39 4 5.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 4.6 0.5

Illinois

198 243 210 216 179 -37 3.3 4.0 3.4 3.5 2.9 -0.6

Indiana

119 145 132 131 129 -2 3.7 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Iowa

56 69 57 59 58 -1 3.6 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 0.0

Kansas

55 65 54 65 46 -19 3.9 4.5 3.7 4.5 3.2 -1.3

Kentucky

78 89 99 84 85 1 4.0 4.4 4.9 4.2 4.2 0.0

Louisiana

90 82 107 92 85 -7 4.7 4.2 5.5 4.7 4.3 -0.4

Maine

23 22 29 22 22 0 3.6 3.4 4.5 3.4 3.4 0.0

Maryland

96 110 117 95 103 8 3.5 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.8 0.3

Massachusetts

126 114 104 103 98 -5 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Michigan

146 148 164 154 149 -5 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Minnesota

101 102 101 111 113 2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.8 0.1

Mississippi

60 52 63 51 57 6 5.1 4.4 5.4 4.3 4.9 0.6

Missouri

132 112 107 98 100 2 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.3 0.0

Montana

26 29 27 27 28 1 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.4 0.2

Nebraska

35 43 38 37 36 -1 3.4 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Nevada

76 66 65 65 61 -4 5.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 3.9 -0.3

New Hampshire

28 25 30 31 30 -1 4.1 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.3 -0.1

New Jersey

158 150 125 128 145 17 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.0 3.3 0.3

New Mexico

38 35 33 36 37 1 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 0.1

New York

245 231 283 256 259 3 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.7 0.1

North Carolina

212 197 217 198 194 -4 4.4 4.0 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

North Dakota

17 22 16 20 17 -3 4.0 5.1 3.7 4.6 3.9 -0.7

Ohio

218 229 211 200 195 -5 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Oklahoma

70 67 75 76 73 -3 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Oregon

87 81 79 73 74 1 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 0.0

Pennsylvania

222 176 193 203 190 -13 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Rhode Island

20 20 21 17 20 3 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.4 4.1 0.7

South Carolina

95 91 104 96 103 7 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.5 0.3

South Dakota

17 23 18 19 18 -1 3.7 5.0 3.9 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Tennessee

157 133 166 133 139 6 4.8 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.2 0.2

Texas

511 476 554 571 517 -54 3.8 3.4 4.0 4.1 3.7 -0.4

Utah

71 70 79 70 69 -1 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Vermont

11 11 14 12 13 1 3.6 3.6 4.6 3.9 4.2 0.3

Virginia

155 173 184 164 162 -2 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.9 -0.1

Washington

148 131 120 114 125 11 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.4 0.3

West Virginia

35 34 35 37 34 -3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.3 4.9 -0.4

Wisconsin

108 112 110 103 106 3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 0.1

Wyoming

15 16 15 15 15 0 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 0.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,016 3,765 4,067 3,802 3,549 -253 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 -0.1


Alabama

61 55 81 62 61 -1 2.9 2.6 3.8 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Alaska

12 11 11 11 11 0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

Arizona

112 103 90 104 91 -13 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 -0.4

Arkansas

41 37 48 37 37 0 3.1 2.7 3.5 2.7 2.7 0.0

California

398 341 341 340 309 -31 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 -0.2

Colorado

78 77 72 75 62 -13 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.1 -0.5

Connecticut

38 35 42 33 33 0 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.0 0.0

Delaware

15 15 21 16 15 -1 3.2 3.1 4.3 3.3 3.1 -0.2

District of Columbia

16 14 20 18 16 -2 2.1 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Florida

273 290 293 297 260 -37 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.7 -0.4

Georgia

186 142 164 128 135 7 3.9 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.8 0.2

Hawaii

12 12 13 12 12 0 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.0

Idaho

25 27 25 24 24 0 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0

Illinois

130 144 136 149 115 -34 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.9 -0.5

Indiana

88 94 90 89 86 -3 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Iowa

41 45 35 36 37 1 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.0

Kansas

44 36 37 44 31 -13 3.1 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.1 -0.9

Kentucky

55 65 73 56 58 2 2.8 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.9 0.1

Louisiana

62 57 73 62 57 -5 3.2 2.9 3.7 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Maine

16 15 20 13 12 -1 2.5 2.3 3.1 2.0 1.9 -0.1

Maryland

61 75 80 64 64 0 2.2 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.3 0.0

Massachusetts

93 71 63 58 51 -7 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Michigan

107 89 103 105 92 -13 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1 -0.3

Minnesota

68 68 70 74 72 -2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 -0.1

Mississippi

42 37 42 36 36 0 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 0.0

Missouri

100 73 75 62 70 8 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 0.2

Montana

16 18 19 18 15 -3 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.5 2.9 -0.6

Nebraska

26 26 24 24 24 0 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Nevada

47 45 45 45 39 -6 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.5 -0.4

New Hampshire

18 15 17 19 15 -4 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.1 -0.6

New Jersey

92 92 76 68 84 16 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.9 0.3

New Mexico

22 22 23 25 20 -5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.3 -0.6

New York

174 140 187 141 145 4 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.5 0.0

North Carolina

145 138 155 143 129 -14 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 -0.3

North Dakota

12 13 12 13 11 -2 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Ohio

121 126 141 132 132 0 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 0.0

Oklahoma

49 48 53 55 49 -6 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Oregon

49 52 53 49 44 -5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.2 -0.3

Pennsylvania

130 121 123 126 128 2 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

Rhode Island

13 13 13 10 10 0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.0 0.0

South Carolina

72 66 76 69 67 -2 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.9 -0.1

South Dakota

12 13 12 13 12 -1 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Tennessee

112 98 122 94 92 -2 3.4 3.0 3.7 2.8 2.8 0.0

Texas

380 339 415 411 359 -52 2.8 2.4 3.0 2.9 2.6 -0.3

Utah

46 48 54 46 42 -4 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.4 -0.3

Vermont

7 7 9 7 7 0 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia

109 107 134 111 101 -10 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.4 -0.3

Washington

78 87 81 73 78 5 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 0.1

West Virginia

25 23 24 24 23 -1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Wisconsin

78 69 73 71 68 -3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Wyoming

9 10 10 10 9 -1 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 -0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)
July
2022
Apr.
2023
May
2023
June
2023
July
2023(p)
Change from:
June 2023 -
July 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,497 1,590 1,546 1,551 1,555 4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0


Alabama

22 17 20 20 23 3 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.2

Alaska

7 12 4 5 6 1 2.2 3.7 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.3

Arizona

23 34 22 51 30 -21 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.9 -0.7

Arkansas

13 14 15 14 14 0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

California

114 136 150 148 154 6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

Colorado

27 33 29 31 33 2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Connecticut

17 15 17 16 24 8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.4 0.5

Delaware

6 5 7 6 6 0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.0

District of Columbia

6 5 6 6 6 0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0

Florida

102 89 99 96 75 -21 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Georgia

72 42 73 50 50 0 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.0

Hawaii

4 5 6 6 6 0 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Idaho

15 14 10 10 12 2 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.2

Illinois

58 84 64 55 54 -1 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Indiana

25 45 34 34 36 2 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

Iowa

13 21 18 19 16 -3 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Kansas

9 25 14 17 12 -5 0.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.8 -0.4

Kentucky

18 20 21 24 20 -4 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Louisiana

23 22 25 24 22 -2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Maine

6 6 7 7 9 2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.3

Maryland

29 28 31 25 31 6 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.2

Massachusetts

26 34 31 35 41 6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2

Michigan

33 53 52 38 45 7 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

Minnesota

28 30 25 31 27 -4 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Mississippi

15 12 19 12 18 6 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.5 0.5

Missouri

29 34 24 28 24 -4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Montana

8 8 7 8 9 1 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 0.2

Nebraska

8 15 12 10 10 0 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Nevada

24 18 17 18 18 0 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

New Hampshire

9 7 11 9 13 4 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.9 0.6

New Jersey

58 49 37 47 52 5 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1

New Mexico

9 9 8 10 11 1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.2

New York

49 78 84 91 101 10 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

North Carolina

55 50 51 44 44 0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

North Dakota

5 8 4 5 5 0 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.0

Ohio

86 85 57 56 53 -3 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Oklahoma

18 15 19 18 18 0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

Oregon

22 24 21 22 23 1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Pennsylvania

84 45 58 55 52 -3 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Rhode Island

6 6 7 6 9 3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.8 0.6

South Carolina

19 21 22 22 30 8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.3

South Dakota

4 9 5 5 5 0 0.9 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Tennessee

38 28 38 32 39 7 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2

Texas

103 114 119 141 116 -25 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Utah

16 18 21 22 22 0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.0

Vermont

3 3 4 3 5 2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 0.6

Virginia

35 59 43 46 49 3 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.1

Washington

57 35 31 35 40 5 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.1

West Virginia

8 9 9 10 9 -1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 -0.1

Wisconsin

26 38 32 25 27 2 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.1

Wyoming

4 5 5 5 4 -1 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 -0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

12,392 8,885 9,515 7.5 5.4 5.7


Alabama

167 135 132 7.3 5.9 5.8

Alaska

37 36 28 9.7 9.6 7.6

Arizona

274 152 196 8.3 4.7 6.0

Arkansas

106 88 87 7.5 6.0 6.0

California

1,434 906 1,031 7.5 4.8 5.4

Colorado

249 180 185 7.9 5.8 5.9

Connecticut

123 85 98 6.9 4.7 5.5

Delaware

54 34 44 10.2 6.4 8.2

District of Columbia

61 44 48 7.3 5.3 5.7

Florida

675 608 592 6.7 5.9 5.8

Georgia

473 320 333 9.0 6.1 6.4

Hawaii

52 27 37 7.8 4.1 5.6

Idaho

77 50 59 8.4 5.5 6.4

Illinois

491 365 366 7.5 5.6 5.6

Indiana

269 159 175 7.8 4.7 5.1

Iowa

113 80 81 6.8 4.7 4.9

Kansas

129 75 92 8.4 4.9 6.1

Kentucky

164 120 119 7.8 5.6 5.6

Louisiana

164 139 132 7.9 6.6 6.4

Maine

54 40 48 7.6 5.6 6.7

Maryland

241 191 199 8.1 6.5 6.7

Massachusetts

304 253 252 7.5 6.2 6.2

Michigan

342 232 222 7.3 4.9 4.8

Minnesota

254 185 225 7.9 5.7 6.9

Mississippi

102 79 89 8.1 6.3 7.1

Missouri

229 146 181 7.3 4.6 5.7

Montana

55 39 37 9.5 6.8 6.6

Nebraska

80 54 59 7.2 4.9 5.3

Nevada

110 84 90 6.9 5.2 5.5

New Hampshire

58 42 55 7.7 5.6 7.3

New Jersey

271 220 264 6.0 4.7 5.7

New Mexico

91 50 66 9.8 5.4 7.1

New York

630 424 514 6.2 4.2 5.0

North Carolina

420 319 329 8.1 6.1 6.3

North Dakota

33 29 26 7.1 6.2 5.7

Ohio

465 344 331 7.7 5.7 5.5

Oklahoma

134 118 113 7.4 6.4 6.1

Oregon

169 93 119 8.0 4.4 5.6

Pennsylvania

418 335 335 6.5 5.2 5.2

Rhode Island

37 29 30 6.8 5.4 5.7

South Carolina

193 156 180 7.9 6.3 7.2

South Dakota

31 29 24 6.4 5.8 5.0

Tennessee

305 221 218 8.6 6.2 6.2

Texas

1,111 790 835 7.6 5.4 5.7

Utah

130 86 97 7.2 4.7 5.3

Vermont

26 18 21 8.0 5.6 6.5

Virginia

372 285 267 8.4 6.4 6.1

Washington

292 157 202 7.6 4.1 5.2

West Virginia

76 50 58 9.9 6.6 7.7

Wisconsin

218 160 171 6.8 5.0 5.3

Wyoming

27 25 20 8.5 7.6 6.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

7,004 6,848 6,227 4.6 4.4 4.0


Alabama

107 109 98 5.1 5.1 4.6

Alaska

23 37 20 6.8 10.9 5.7

Arizona

176 128 139 5.8 4.1 4.5

Arkansas

68 67 61 5.2 4.9 4.5

California

657 679 667 3.7 3.7 3.7

Colorado

117 137 100 4.1 4.7 3.4

Connecticut

80 63 63 4.8 3.7 3.7

Delaware

36 29 35 7.6 6.0 7.1

District of Columbia

31 31 33 4.0 3.9 4.2

Florida

367 398 361 3.9 4.1 3.7

Georgia

304 247 270 6.3 5.0 5.5

Hawaii

29 23 24 4.6 3.6 3.9

Idaho

47 47 42 5.6 5.5 4.9

Illinois

266 284 224 4.4 4.6 3.6

Indiana

149 142 149 4.7 4.4 4.6

Iowa

67 69 53 4.3 4.3 3.4

Kansas

83 60 65 5.9 4.1 4.5

Kentucky

98 96 83 5.0 4.7 4.2

Louisiana

103 125 105 5.4 6.4 5.4

Maine

36 36 28 5.5 5.4 4.2

Maryland

147 125 139 5.4 4.5 5.0

Massachusetts

150 160 142 4.0 4.2 3.7

Michigan

174 183 165 4.0 4.1 3.7

Minnesota

127 135 118 4.3 4.5 3.9

Mississippi

65 64 62 5.6 5.4 5.3

Missouri

113 123 102 3.9 4.1 3.4

Montana

32 39 26 6.1 7.4 5.1

Nebraska

42 46 39 4.1 4.3 3.7

Nevada

69 67 64 4.7 4.3 4.1

New Hampshire

38 33 35 5.5 4.7 5.0

New Jersey

176 218 154 4.1 4.9 3.5

New Mexico

46 38 44 5.5 4.3 5.1

New York

377 339 349 3.9 3.5 3.6

North Carolina

264 245 180 5.5 5.0 3.7

North Dakota

20 24 17 4.7 5.4 3.8

Ohio

245 236 196 4.4 4.2 3.5

Oklahoma

87 87 88 5.1 5.0 5.1

Oregon

97 84 77 5.0 4.2 3.9

Pennsylvania

192 206 174 3.2 3.3 2.8

Rhode Island

23 24 19 4.6 4.7 3.8

South Carolina

120 123 110 5.3 5.3 4.8

South Dakota

20 27 17 4.4 5.7 3.6

Tennessee

180 168 173 5.6 5.1 5.3

Texas

692 606 552 5.1 4.3 4.0

Utah

75 73 64 4.5 4.2 3.7

Vermont

16 15 13 5.1 4.9 4.2

Virginia

209 205 185 5.1 4.9 4.5

Washington

171 135 143 4.8 3.7 3.9

West Virginia

44 38 41 6.4 5.4 5.8

Wisconsin

129 152 105 4.3 5.0 3.4

Wyoming

16 23 14 5.6 7.7 4.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,461 6,039 6,060 4.2 3.8 3.9


Alabama

96 90 99 4.5 4.2 4.6

Alaska

18 16 17 5.1 4.7 4.9

Arizona

173 192 157 5.7 6.2 5.1

Arkansas

70 58 70 5.3 4.2 5.2

California

625 558 523 3.5 3.1 2.9

Colorado

129 110 114 4.5 3.7 3.9

Connecticut

64 61 70 3.8 3.6 4.1

Delaware

23 22 22 4.8 4.5 4.5

District of Columbia

29 26 29 3.8 3.3 3.8

Florida

440 460 385 4.7 4.8 4.0

Georgia

302 199 220 6.3 4.1 4.5

Hawaii

21 20 23 3.5 3.2 3.7

Idaho

48 32 43 5.7 3.7 5.0

Illinois

203 220 183 3.3 3.5 3.0

Indiana

138 138 148 4.3 4.3 4.6

Iowa

58 58 61 3.7 3.6 3.9

Kansas

62 79 50 4.4 5.4 3.5

Kentucky

92 90 96 4.7 4.5 4.8

Louisiana

97 100 90 5.1 5.1 4.6

Maine

21 23 20 3.3 3.4 3.0

Maryland

108 104 109 4.0 3.8 4.0

Massachusetts

127 102 100 3.4 2.7 2.6

Michigan

167 160 171 3.8 3.6 3.9

Minnesota

99 123 116 3.3 4.0 3.9

Mississippi

66 55 65 5.7 4.7 5.6

Missouri

145 113 116 5.0 3.8 3.9

Montana

29 26 31 5.6 5.0 5.9

Nebraska

37 39 39 3.6 3.7 3.7

Nevada

84 64 72 5.7 4.2 4.7

New Hampshire

26 34 28 3.8 4.9 3.9

New Jersey

187 128 177 4.4 2.9 4.1

New Mexico

43 44 43 5.1 5.0 4.9

New York

275 272 302 2.9 2.8 3.1

North Carolina

238 209 218 5.0 4.3 4.5

North Dakota

17 21 18 4.0 4.8 4.0

Ohio

241 211 214 4.3 3.7 3.8

Oklahoma

80 81 83 4.8 4.7 4.8

Oregon

102 74 89 5.2 3.7 4.4

Pennsylvania

230 236 209 3.8 3.8 3.4

Rhode Island

20 19 21 4.1 3.8 4.3

South Carolina

105 97 113 4.7 4.2 4.9

South Dakota

16 20 18 3.4 4.2 3.8

Tennessee

173 132 156 5.4 4.0 4.7

Texas

566 598 564 4.2 4.3 4.1

Utah

74 70 74 4.4 4.0 4.3

Vermont

10 13 12 3.2 4.1 4.0

Virginia

162 172 169 4.0 4.1 4.1

Washington

154 110 141 4.3 3.0 3.9

West Virginia

44 38 43 6.3 5.3 6.1

Wisconsin

112 108 111 3.7 3.6 3.6

Wyoming

15 12 15 5.1 4.1 5.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,615 4,097 4,091 3.0 2.6 2.6


Alabama

71 66 68 3.3 3.1 3.2

Alaska

11 11 9 3.1 3.1 2.5

Arizona

134 126 110 4.4 4.1 3.6

Arkansas

51 42 46 3.9 3.1 3.4

California

460 373 359 2.6 2.1 2.0

Colorado

88 76 72 3.1 2.6 2.5

Connecticut

45 37 41 2.7 2.2 2.4

Delaware

16 16 15 3.4 3.2 3.0

District of Columbia

19 19 19 2.5 2.4 2.4

Florida

306 331 290 3.3 3.4 3.0

Georgia

214 136 153 4.5 2.8 3.1

Hawaii

14 13 13 2.2 2.1 2.1

Idaho

29 22 27 3.5 2.6 3.1

Illinois

145 153 127 2.4 2.5 2.1

Indiana

107 94 103 3.3 2.9 3.2

Iowa

44 36 41 2.8 2.3 2.6

Kansas

52 54 37 3.7 3.7 2.6

Kentucky

68 64 67 3.5 3.2 3.4

Louisiana

70 69 63 3.7 3.5 3.2

Maine

16 13 12 2.5 2.0 1.7

Maryland

75 72 70 2.7 2.6 2.5

Massachusetts

99 58 57 2.7 1.5 1.5

Michigan

130 107 112 3.0 2.4 2.5

Minnesota

72 83 79 2.4 2.7 2.6

Mississippi

47 40 41 4.0 3.4 3.5

Missouri

114 73 86 3.9 2.4 2.9

Montana

18 18 16 3.5 3.3 3.1

Nebraska

29 26 28 2.8 2.4 2.6

Nevada

54 45 45 3.6 2.9 2.9

New Hampshire

19 22 16 2.7 3.1 2.3

New Jersey

119 66 111 2.8 1.5 2.6

New Mexico

25 30 23 3.0 3.5 2.6

New York

207 151 182 2.2 1.5 1.9

North Carolina

163 157 146 3.4 3.2 3.0

North Dakota

13 14 13 3.1 3.3 2.9

Ohio

141 143 154 2.5 2.5 2.7

Oklahoma

59 61 59 3.5 3.5 3.4

Oregon

59 50 52 3.0 2.5 2.6

Pennsylvania

146 138 151 2.4 2.2 2.5

Rhode Island

15 11 12 3.0 2.1 2.3

South Carolina

79 71 73 3.5 3.1 3.2

South Dakota

12 13 12 2.6 2.9 2.7

Tennessee

129 97 108 4.0 2.9 3.3

Texas

431 445 400 3.2 3.2 2.9

Utah

50 46 46 3.0 2.7 2.7

Vermont

7 7 8 2.3 2.2 2.5

Virginia

121 121 111 3.0 2.9 2.7

Washington

93 72 93 2.6 2.0 2.5

West Virginia

32 26 28 4.6 3.6 4.0

Wisconsin

87 76 79 2.9 2.5 2.6

Wyoming

9 8 9 3.2 2.6 3.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)
July
2022
June
2023
July
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,447 1,553 1,516 0.9 1.0 1.0


Alabama

21 19 24 1.0 0.9 1.1

Alaska

5 4 5 1.5 1.3 1.5

Arizona

27 60 34 0.9 1.9 1.1

Arkansas

16 13 18 1.2 0.9 1.3

California

103 153 135 0.6 0.8 0.7

Colorado

28 29 34 1.0 1.0 1.2

Connecticut

15 17 24 0.9 1.0 1.4

Delaware

5 5 6 1.1 1.1 1.2

District of Columbia

6 6 7 0.8 0.7 0.8

Florida

109 103 76 1.2 1.1 0.8

Georgia

78 48 55 1.6 1.0 1.1

Hawaii

5 6 6 0.8 1.0 1.0

Idaho

16 9 13 1.9 1.0 1.5

Illinois

48 50 43 0.8 0.8 0.7

Indiana

25 34 35 0.8 1.0 1.1

Iowa

11 18 13 0.7 1.1 0.8

Kansas

9 20 10 0.6 1.4 0.7

Kentucky

18 22 20 0.9 1.1 1.0

Louisiana

23 24 21 1.2 1.2 1.1

Maine

4 7 6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Maryland

27 26 29 1.0 0.9 1.1

Massachusetts

20 32 36 0.6 0.8 0.9

Michigan

31 38 45 0.7 0.8 1.0

Minnesota

23 33 22 0.8 1.1 0.7

Mississippi

16 12 20 1.4 1.0 1.8

Missouri

28 29 23 1.0 1.0 0.8

Montana

8 8 10 1.6 1.4 1.8

Nebraska

7 10 8 0.7 1.0 0.8

Nevada

26 18 21 1.7 1.1 1.3

New Hampshire

6 8 10 0.8 1.2 1.4

New Jersey

56 49 53 1.3 1.1 1.2

New Mexico

10 11 13 1.2 1.3 1.5

New York

45 94 105 0.5 1.0 1.1

North Carolina

64 40 49 1.3 0.8 1.0

North Dakota

3 5 4 0.8 1.1 0.8

Ohio

85 55 50 1.5 1.0 0.9

Oklahoma

17 17 17 1.0 1.0 1.0

Oregon

24 21 26 1.2 1.0 1.3

Pennsylvania

72 71 47 1.2 1.2 0.8

Rhode Island

4 7 8 0.9 1.3 1.6

South Carolina

20 21 33 0.9 0.9 1.4

South Dakota

3 5 4 0.7 1.0 0.9

Tennessee

36 28 39 1.1 0.9 1.2

Texas

106 135 119 0.8 1.0 0.9

Utah

15 21 21 0.9 1.2 1.2

Vermont

2 3 4 0.7 1.1 1.2

Virginia

30 42 45 0.7 1.0 1.1

Washington

52 33 37 1.5 0.9 1.0

West Virginia

9 9 11 1.3 1.3 1.6

Wisconsin

21 25 20 0.7 0.8 0.7

Wyoming

4 4 4 1.5 1.2 1.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: September 19, 2023