State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 19, 2021	USDL-21-2021
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		    STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2021

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states, increased in 8 states, and were little changed in 30 states and 
the District of Columbia on the last business day of September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. The hires rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little changed in 40 
states and the District of Columbia. Total separations rates increased in 14 states, decreased in 4 states, 
and were little changed in 32 states and the District of Columbia. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and 
total separations rates were little changed in September. (See table A-E.)

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In September, job openings rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 8 states. The largest decreases 
in job openings rates occurred in Kentucky and Wyoming (-1.3 percentage points each), and Nevada  
(-1.1 points). The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in South Dakota (+1.0 percentage 
point), and Ohio, Oklahoma, and West Virginia (+0.8 point each). The national job openings rate was 
little changed. (See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 11 states and increased in 8 states on the last business day of 
September. The largest decreases occurred in Texas (-80,000), Florida (-76,000), and Arizona (-35,000). 
The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in Ohio (+46,000), Massachusetts (+29,000), 
and Virginia (+25,000). Nationally, the number of job openings was little changed. (See table A.)

Hires

In September, hires rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 4 states. The largest increases in hires 
rates occurred in Maine (+0.7 percentage point), and Illinois, Iowa, Ohio, and Wisconsin (+0.6 point 
each). The largest decreases in hires rates were in Nevada (-1.1 percentage points), and Michigan and 
North Dakota (-1.0 point each). The national hires rate was little changed. (See table B.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states and decreased in 3 states in September. The largest increases 
occurred in Illinois (+32,000), Ohio (+31,000), and Wisconsin (+16,000). The decreases in hires levels 
occurred in Michigan (-39,000), Nevada (-15,000), and North Dakota (-4,000). Nationally, the number 
of hires was little changed. (See table B.)


Total Separations

In September, total separations rates increased in 14 states and decreased in 4 states. The largest 
increases occurred in Hawaii (+5.2 percentage points), Louisiana (+1.2 points), and Montana  
(+1.0 point). The decreases in the total separations rates occurred in Iowa and South Dakota (-0.9 
percentage point each), as well as New Jersey (-0.6 point). The national total separations rate was little 
changed over the month. (See table C.)

The number of total separations increased in 12 states and decreased in 5 states in September. The 
largest increases occurred in Texas (+80,000), Hawaii (+30,000), and Louisiana (+22,000). The largest 
decreases occurred in Michigan and New Jersey (-21,000 each), and Iowa (-13,000). Nationally, the 
number of total separations was little changed. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In September, quits rates increased in 15 states and decreased in 10 states. The largest increases in quits 
rates occurred in Hawaii (+3.8 percentage points), Montana (+1.5 points), as well as Nevada and New 
Hampshire (+1.1 points each). The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Kentucky (-1.1 percentage 
points), Iowa (-1.0 point), and South Dakota (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national quits rate 
increased (+0.1 percentage point). (See table D.)

The number of quits increased in 13 states and decreased in 8 states in September. The largest increases 
in the quits level occurred in Texas (+69,000), California (+40,000), and Colorado (+25,000). The 
largest decreases in quits levels occurred in Georgia (-27,000), Kentucky (-21,000), and New Jersey  
(-19,000). Nationally, the number of quits increased (+164,000). (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In September, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 5 states. The largest 
increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Hawaii (+1.0 percentage point), and Alabama and 
Maryland (+0.7 point each). The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Colorado  
(-1.5 percentage points), Wyoming (-0.7 point), and Oregon (-0.6 point). The national layoffs and 
discharges rate was unchanged. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 7 states and decreased in 4 states in September. The 
largest increases in layoffs and discharges were in Georgia, Maryland, and Ohio (+17,000 each). The 
largest layoffs and discharges level decreases were in Colorado (-42,000), Oregon (-10,000), and New 
Mexico (-4,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month. 
(See table E.)

For more information, please see the JOLTS interactive charts at /www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-
openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for October 2021 are scheduled to 
be released on Friday, December 17, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............|10,629  |10,438  |     -191       |   6.7  |   6.6  |     -0.1        
Arizona................|   242  |   207  |      -35       |   7.5  |   6.5  |     -1.0
Colorado...............|   210  |   185  |      -25       |   7.1  |   6.3  |     -0.8
Florida................|   685  |   609  |      -76       |   7.2  |   6.4  |     -0.8
Idaho..................|    59  |    52  |       -7       |   7.0  |   6.2  |     -0.8
Iowa...................|    98  |   111  |       13       |   6.0  |   6.7  |      0.7
Kentucky...............|   170  |   142  |      -28       |   8.3  |   7.0  |     -1.3
Maine..................|    47  |    52  |        5       |   7.1  |   7.8  |      0.7
Massachusetts..........|   280  |   309  |       29       |   7.4  |   8.1  |      0.7
Michigan...............|   364  |   345  |      -19*      |   8.0  |   7.6  |     -0.4
Nevada.................|   119  |   102  |      -17       |   8.1  |   7.0  |     -1.1
North Carolina.........|   360  |   341  |      -19       |   7.4  |   7.0  |     -0.4
Ohio...................|   343  |   389  |       46       |   6.0  |   6.8  |      0.8
Oklahoma...............|   101  |   117  |       16       |   5.8  |   6.6  |      0.8
Oregon.................|   152  |   141  |      -11       |   7.5  |   7.0  |     -0.5
South Dakota...........|    27  |    32  |        5       |   5.8  |   6.8  |      1.0
Texas..................|   887  |   807  |      -80       |   6.5  |   5.9  |     -0.6
Utah...................|   120  |   111  |       -9       |   6.9  |   6.4  |     -0.5
Virginia...............|   303  |   328  |       25       |   7.2  |   7.7  |      0.5
West Virginia..........|    54  |    60  |        6       |   7.2  |   8.0  |      0.8
Wyoming................|    23  |    19  |       -4       |   7.8  |   6.5  |     -1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,497  | 6,459  |      -38       |   4.4  |   4.4  |      0.0        
Illinois...............|   235  |   267  |       32       |   4.0  |   4.6  |      0.6
Iowa...................|    57  |    66  |        9       |   3.7  |   4.3  |      0.6
Maine..................|    26  |    30  |        4*      |   4.2  |   4.9  |      0.7
Michigan...............|   220  |   181  |      -39       |   5.3  |   4.3  |     -1.0
Nevada.................|    98  |    83  |      -15       |   7.3  |   6.2  |     -1.1
North Dakota...........|    24  |    20  |       -4       |   5.8  |   4.8  |     -1.0
Ohio...................|   208  |   239  |       31       |   3.9  |   4.5  |      0.6
Pennsylvania...........|   189  |   210  |       21*      |   3.3  |   3.7  |      0.4
Wisconsin..............|   107  |   123  |       16       |   3.7  |   4.3  |      0.6
Wyoming................|    16  |    14  |       -2*      |   5.9  |   5.1  |     -0.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.
   

Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,032  | 6,218  |      186       |   4.1  |   4.2  |      0.1        
Alabama................|    90  |   105  |       15       |   4.4  |   5.1  |      0.7
Arkansas...............|    55  |    66  |       11       |   4.3  |   5.2  |      0.9
Connecticut............|    50  |    59  |        9*      |   3.1  |   3.7  |      0.6
Hawaii.................|    28  |    58  |       30       |   4.9  |  10.1  |      5.2
Iowa...................|    73  |    60  |      -13       |   4.8  |   3.9  |     -0.9
Kansas.................|    60  |    51  |       -9       |   4.3  |   3.7  |     -0.6*
Louisiana..............|    75  |    97  |       22       |   4.1  |   5.3  |      1.2
Maryland...............|    92  |   111  |       19       |   3.4  |   4.2  |      0.8
Massachusetts..........|   139  |   158  |       19       |   4.0  |   4.5  |      0.5
Michigan...............|   201  |   180  |      -21       |   4.8  |   4.3  |     -0.5
Montana................|    25  |    30  |        5       |   5.2  |   6.2  |      1.0
Nevada.................|    72  |    85  |       13       |   5.4  |   6.3  |      0.9
New Hampshire..........|    28  |    33  |        5       |   4.2  |   5.0  |      0.8
New Jersey.............|   150  |   129  |      -21       |   3.8  |   3.2  |     -0.6
Ohio...................|   216  |   235  |       19*      |   4.0  |   4.4  |      0.4
Oregon.................|    84  |    96  |       12       |   4.5  |   5.1  |      0.6*
South Carolina.........|    88  |   100  |       12*      |   4.1  |   4.7  |      0.6
South Dakota...........|    21  |    17  |       -4       |   4.8  |   3.9  |     -0.9
Texas..................|   480  |   560  |       80       |   3.8  |   4.4  |      0.6
Utah...................|    64  |    78  |       14       |   4.0  |   4.8  |      0.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 4,270  | 4,434  |      164       |   2.9  |   3.0  |      0.1        
Arizona................|    87  |   100  |       13       |   2.9  |   3.4  |      0.5
California.............|   403  |   443  |       40       |   2.4  |   2.7  |      0.3
Colorado...............|    94  |   119  |       25       |   3.4  |   4.3  |      0.9
Georgia................|   195  |   168  |      -27       |   4.3  |   3.7  |     -0.6
Hawaii.................|    19  |    41  |       22       |   3.3  |   7.1  |      3.8
Indiana................|   113  |   103  |      -10*      |   3.7  |   3.4  |     -0.3
Iowa...................|    53  |    39  |      -14       |   3.5  |   2.5  |     -1.0
Kansas.................|    43  |    37  |       -6       |   3.1  |   2.7  |     -0.4*
Kentucky...............|    83  |    62  |      -21       |   4.4  |   3.3  |     -1.1
Louisiana..............|    55  |    69  |       14       |   3.0  |   3.8  |      0.8
Massachusetts..........|    89  |    99  |       10       |   2.5  |   2.8  |      0.3*
Michigan...............|   137  |   120  |      -17       |   3.3  |   2.9  |     -0.4
Minnesota..............|    74  |    64  |      -10       |   2.6  |   2.2  |     -0.4
Montana................|    16  |    23  |        7       |   3.3  |   4.8  |      1.5
Nebraska...............|    33  |    29  |       -4*      |   3.2  |   2.8  |     -0.4
Nevada.................|    46  |    61  |       15       |   3.4  |   4.5  |      1.1
New Hampshire..........|    18  |    25  |        7       |   2.7  |   3.8  |      1.1
New Jersey.............|   106  |    87  |      -19       |   2.7  |   2.2  |     -0.5
New York...............|   197  |   183  |      -14*      |   2.2  |   2.0  |     -0.2
Oregon.................|    55  |    74  |       19       |   2.9  |   3.9  |      1.0
Rhode Island...........|    12  |    15  |        3       |   2.5  |   3.1  |      0.6
South Carolina.........|    61  |    68  |        7*      |   2.8  |   3.2  |      0.4
South Dakota...........|    15  |    12  |       -3       |   3.4  |   2.7  |     -0.7
Texas..................|   370  |   439  |       69       |   2.9  |   3.4  |      0.5
Utah...................|    42  |    58  |       16       |   2.6  |   3.6  |      1.0
Virginia...............|   111  |   123  |       12*      |   2.8  |   3.1  |      0.3
West Virginia..........|    23  |    26  |        3*      |   3.3  |   3.8  |      0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 1,385  | 1,375  |      -10       |   0.9  |   0.9  |      0.0        
Alabama................|    17  |    30  |       13       |   0.8  |   1.5  |      0.7
Arkansas...............|    12  |    17  |        5       |   0.9  |   1.3  |      0.4
Colorado...............|    72  |    30  |      -42       |   2.6  |   1.1  |     -1.5
Georgia................|    42  |    59  |       17       |   0.9  |   1.3  |      0.4
Hawaii.................|     8  |    14  |        6       |   1.4  |   2.4  |      1.0
Maryland...............|    20  |    37  |       17       |   0.7  |   1.4  |      0.7
Massachusetts..........|    41  |    53  |       12       |   1.2  |   1.5  |      0.3
Montana................|     7  |     5  |       -2*      |   1.5  |   1.0  |     -0.5
New Mexico.............|    13  |     9  |       -4       |   1.6  |   1.1  |     -0.5
Ohio...................|    47  |    64  |       17       |   0.9  |   1.2  |      0.3*
Oregon.................|    24  |    14  |      -10       |   1.3  |   0.7  |     -0.6
Wyoming................|     6  |     4  |       -2       |   2.2  |   1.5  |     -0.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program 
provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and separations. 
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government 
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American 
Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State). Shared definitions and procedures for National and State JOLTS Estimates 
can be found at: www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm.

Data Element Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Total Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from other separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary 
help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The other separations component is 
not published for states due to its comparatively high error, and because it comprises less than 8% of total 
separations. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying 
that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample based state estimates. 
However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based estimates. 

These estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model, the Synthetic model, the 
Composite Synthetic model, and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS 
microdata, JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite 
Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in 
microdata from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic by the 
ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate from one year ago. 

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Composite Regional model) is used to extend 
the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Synthetic 
model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The current model uses the Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS re-tabulation 
process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional model estimates 
will ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends. 

The Composite Regional model calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample weights, and 
the adjustments for non-response (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 
employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 
sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a number of state-supersector cells 
that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates derived 
directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of respondents is low 
(that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate which leverages the small JOLTS sample 
to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-supersector 
cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-based component, 
in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 
respondents an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-based estimate 
and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in those cells is 
proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of respondents). 

Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 
These state estimates are published as a historical series comprised of an historical annually 
revised benchmark component for the Composite Synthetic model and a current component Extended Composite Synthetic 
model which provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology 
is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 
including current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
over-the-month employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state implied employment trends 
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the 
JOLTS data.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a sample is 
surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted 
at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that 
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available on the JOLTS Median Standard Errors page: 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons including: 
the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; 
errors made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in 
estimation.

The JOLTS State variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A small 
area domain model uses a Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State variance. The small area model uses QCEW-
based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution using 
JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the State and US Census Regional level to generate a Bayesian 
posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 
estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian approach thus 
indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

Detailed information the JOLTS State methodology can be found at:   

www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,611	10,185	11,098	10,629	10,438	4.5	6.5	7.0	6.7	6.6
Alabama	101	137	141	146	144	4.9	6.3	6.5	6.7	6.6
Alaska	22	23	36	30	30	6.9	7.1	10.6	8.9	8.9
Arizona	154	200	221	242	207	5.1	6.3	6.9	7.5	6.5
Arkansas	58	79	89	98	93	4.5	5.9	6.5	7.2	6.8
California	687	1,039	1,054	1,123	1,155	4.1	6.0	6.0	6.3	6.5
Colorado	107	228	228	210	185	3.9	7.7	7.7	7.1	6.3
Connecticut	59	104	106	103	104	3.6	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.1
Delaware	23	35	35	33	31	4.9	7.3	7.2	6.8	6.5
District of Columbia	25	39	46	39	40	3.3	5.0	5.8	4.9	5.0
Florida	393	574	715	685	609	4.4	6.2	7.5	7.2	6.4
Georgia	246	364	383	416	415	5.3	7.4	7.7	8.4	8.3
Hawaii	16	37	46	33	29	3.0	6.1	7.3	5.4	4.8
Idaho	35	60	67	59	52	4.4	7.1	7.8	7.0	6.2
Illinois	239	399	429	387	388	4.1	6.5	6.9	6.3	6.3
Indiana	150	232	227	230	227	4.8	7.1	6.9	7.0	6.9
Iowa	69	91	103	98	111	4.4	5.6	6.3	6.0	6.7
Kansas	60	75	87	82	82	4.2	5.2	5.9	5.6	5.6
Kentucky	91	182	170	170	142	4.7	8.9	8.4	8.3	7.0
Louisiana	93	125	132	136	135	4.9	6.4	6.7	6.9	6.9
Maine	34	43	56	47	52	5.4	6.5	8.3	7.1	7.8
Maryland	141	199	227	212	209	5.2	7.0	7.9	7.4	7.3
Massachusetts	144	226	286	280	309	4.1	6.1	7.6	7.4	8.1
Michigan	212	433	377	364	345	4.9	9.5	8.3	8.0	7.6
Minnesota	107	181	206	190	189	3.7	6.0	6.7	6.2	6.2
Mississippi	60	83	84	87	86	5.1	6.8	6.9	7.1	7.0
Missouri	110	168	201	211	199	3.8	5.6	6.6	6.9	6.5
Montana	26	37	40	39	37	5.2	7.1	7.6	7.5	7.1
Nebraska	46	59	70	67	69	4.4	5.5	6.5	6.2	6.3
Nevada	73	158	156	119	102	5.5	10.6	10.4	8.1	7.0
New Hampshire	31	56	60	56	54	4.6	7.9	8.3	7.8	7.5
New Jersey	198	284	323	306	307	4.9	6.7	7.5	7.1	7.1
New Mexico	42	57	61	64	65	5.1	6.7	7.0	7.3	7.4
New York	326	537	693	554	543	3.6	5.7	7.2	5.8	5.7
North Carolina	228	354	354	360	341	4.9	7.3	7.2	7.4	7.0
North Dakota	18	26	27	29	30	4.2	5.9	6.1	6.5	6.7
Ohio	247	332	409	343	389	4.5	5.9	7.1	6.0	6.8
Oklahoma	73	115	108	101	117	4.3	6.6	6.2	5.8	6.6
Oregon	99	137	178	152	141	5.2	6.9	8.7	7.5	7.0
Pennsylvania	260	427	448	427	420	4.4	7.0	7.2	6.9	6.8
Rhode Island	20	46	38	37	37	4.1	8.9	7.4	7.2	7.2
South Carolina	123	163	180	181	179	5.6	7.1	7.8	7.8	7.7
South Dakota	22	23	30	27	32	4.9	5.0	6.4	5.8	6.8
Tennessee	142	206	221	227	227	4.5	6.2	6.7	6.8	6.8
Texas	609	902	928	887	807	4.8	6.7	6.8	6.5	5.9
Utah	69	105	131	120	111	4.3	6.2	7.5	6.9	6.4
Vermont	16	23	21	24	25	5.3	7.2	6.5	7.4	7.8
Virginia	194	271	320	303	328	4.8	6.5	7.6	7.2	7.7
Washington	125	226	231	210	224	3.7	6.3	6.4	5.8	6.1
West Virginia	45	60	69	54	60	6.3	8.0	9.1	7.2	8.0
Wisconsin	128	208	230	211	205	4.3	6.8	7.4	6.8	6.7
Wyoming	14	16	24	23	19	4.9	5.5	8.1	7.8	6.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,932	6,827	6,761	6,497	6,459	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.4
Alabama	88	95	96	102	104	4.4	4.7	4.7	5.0	5.1
Alaska	22	9	24	21	21	7.5	3.0	7.9	6.9	6.9
Arizona	142	126	135	138	143	5.0	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.8
Arkansas	55	59	61	65	67	4.4	4.7	4.8	5.1	5.3
California	677	624	624	661	660	4.3	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0
Colorado	113	151	142	140	126	4.3	5.6	5.2	5.1	4.6
Connecticut	59	81	58	60	62	3.8	5.1	3.6	3.7	3.9
Delaware	20	26	24	24	23	4.5	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.1
District of Columbia	15	20	23	22	20	2.0	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7
Florida	341	394	422	431	414	4.0	4.5	4.8	4.9	4.7
Georgia	201	251	240	255	253	4.6	5.5	5.3	5.6	5.5
Hawaii	17	26	26	23	22	3.3	4.5	4.5	4.0	3.8
Idaho	39	47	44	44	39	5.1	6.0	5.6	5.6	5.0
Illinois	235	293	351	235	267	4.2	5.1	6.1	4.0	4.6
Indiana	115	178	161	157	149	3.8	5.8	5.3	5.1	4.9
Iowa	65	73	66	57	66	4.3	4.8	4.3	3.7	4.3
Kansas	46	69	63	55	51	3.4	5.0	4.6	4.0	3.7
Kentucky	102	143	105	107	97	5.5	7.7	5.6	5.7	5.2
Louisiana	77	93	92	95	89	4.3	5.1	5.0	5.1	4.9
Maine	27	27	27	26	30	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.9
Maryland	69	114	119	104	104	2.7	4.3	4.5	3.9	3.9
Massachusetts	113	153	152	127	143	3.4	4.4	4.3	3.6	4.1
Michigan	175	258	230	220	181	4.3	6.2	5.5	5.3	4.3
Minnesota	74	121	119	97	88	2.7	4.3	4.2	3.4	3.1
Mississippi	53	72	58	57	63	4.8	6.4	5.1	5.0	5.5
Missouri	112	151	136	123	117	4.0	5.4	4.8	4.3	4.1
Montana	27	25	29	27	27	5.7	5.2	6.0	5.6	5.6
Nebraska	36	45	48	45	40	3.6	4.5	4.7	4.4	3.9
Nevada	86	140	120	98	83	6.8	10.5	9.0	7.3	6.2
New Hampshire	26	33	31	30	31	4.0	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.7
New Jersey	172	152	195	167	170	4.5	3.9	4.9	4.2	4.2
New Mexico	38	40	43	40	41	4.8	5.0	5.3	4.9	5.1
New York	315	300	321	337	315	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.5
North Carolina	237	300	236	235	232	5.4	6.7	5.2	5.2	5.1
North Dakota	16	20	21	24	20	3.9	4.8	5.0	5.8	4.8
Ohio	206	286	237	208	239	3.9	5.4	4.4	3.9	4.5
Oklahoma	66	68	91	73	76	4.1	4.2	5.6	4.5	4.6
Oregon	77	101	98	96	86	4.2	5.4	5.2	5.1	4.6
Pennsylvania	218	205	195	189	210	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.7
Rhode Island	20	39	23	22	22	4.3	8.3	4.8	4.6	4.6
South Carolina	102	120	111	116	108	4.9	5.7	5.2	5.4	5.0
South Dakota	17	20	21	19	20	4.0	4.6	4.8	4.3	4.6
Tennessee	141	152	163	157	150	4.7	4.9	5.3	5.1	4.8
Texas	569	536	573	600	613	4.7	4.2	4.5	4.7	4.8
Utah	70	72	79	75	70	4.5	4.5	4.9	4.6	4.3
Vermont	14	32	13	14	14	4.9	10.8	4.3	4.7	4.7
Virginia	158	167	179	184	190	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.8
Washington	115	150	150	139	134	3.5	4.4	4.4	4.1	3.9
West Virginia	32	38	42	31	32	4.8	5.5	6.1	4.5	4.6
Wisconsin	110	126	127	107	123	3.9	4.4	4.4	3.7	4.3
Wyoming	15	8	16	16	14	5.5	2.9	5.9	5.9	5.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,235	5,612	5,792	6,032	6,218	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1	4.2
Alabama	87	86	92	90	105	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	5.1
Alaska	13	17	19	19	19	4.4	5.7	6.2	6.2	6.2
Arizona	122	113	124	124	137	4.3	3.8	4.2	4.2	4.6
Arkansas	52	52	53	55	66	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.3	5.2
California	550	556	551	577	600	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.6
Colorado	114	136	144	172	160	4.3	5.0	5.3	6.3	5.8
Connecticut	52	51	58	50	59	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.1	3.7
Delaware	17	18	20	21	20	3.8	4.0	4.4	4.6	4.5
District of Columbia	21	23	20	19	24	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.5	3.2
Florida	330	312	356	395	388	3.9	3.6	4.1	4.5	4.4
Georgia	192	268	228	254	245	4.4	5.9	5.0	5.6	5.4
Hawaii	39	24	29	28	58	7.6	4.2	5.0	4.9	10.1
Idaho	30	32	33	44	43	3.9	4.1	4.2	5.6	5.5
Illinois	234	221	236	259	262	4.1	3.8	4.1	4.5	4.5
Indiana	124	137	138	148	135	4.1	4.5	4.5	4.8	4.4
Iowa	52	61	58	73	60	3.5	4.0	3.8	4.8	3.9
Kansas	45	58	56	60	51	3.3	4.2	4.1	4.3	3.7
Kentucky	85	83	86	108	99	4.6	4.5	4.6	5.7	5.3
Louisiana	105	82	78	75	97	5.8	4.5	4.2	4.1	5.3
Maine	19	26	29	27	24	3.2	4.2	4.7	4.4	3.9
Maryland	70	96	94	92	111	2.7	3.6	3.5	3.4	4.2
Massachusetts	100	107	119	139	158	3.0	3.1	3.4	4.0	4.5
Michigan	156	159	191	201	180	3.8	3.8	4.6	4.8	4.3
Minnesota	67	119	103	108	101	2.4	4.2	3.6	3.8	3.5
Mississippi	51	51	43	53	59	4.6	4.5	3.8	4.7	5.2
Missouri	115	124	119	127	117	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.1
Montana	21	20	22	25	30	4.4	4.2	4.5	5.2	6.2
Nebraska	37	42	45	45	41	3.7	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.0
Nevada	61	71	72	72	85	4.8	5.3	5.4	5.4	6.3
New Hampshire	20	29	29	28	33	3.1	4.4	4.4	4.2	5.0
New Jersey	152	162	152	150	129	3.9	4.1	3.8	3.8	3.2
New Mexico	27	35	33	41	36	3.4	4.4	4.1	5.1	4.4
New York	230	230	292	271	266	2.6	2.6	3.3	3.0	3.0
North Carolina	174	209	245	232	227	4.0	4.6	5.4	5.1	5.0
North Dakota	18	20	20	21	20	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.8
Ohio	216	232	213	216	235	4.1	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.4
Oklahoma	57	69	77	72	74	3.5	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.5
Oregon	73	76	70	84	96	4.0	4.1	3.7	4.5	5.1
Pennsylvania	151	182	204	192	179	2.7	3.2	3.6	3.3	3.1
Rhode Island	16	17	20	19	22	3.5	3.6	4.2	4.0	4.6
South Carolina	85	85	89	88	100	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.7
South Dakota	15	19	17	21	17	3.5	4.4	3.9	4.8	3.9
Tennessee	136	119	127	147	148	4.5	3.8	4.1	4.7	4.8
Texas	488	487	488	480	560	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	4.4
Utah	68	66	67	64	78	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.8
Vermont	12	12	15	13	12	4.2	4.1	5.0	4.4	4.1
Virginia	109	152	140	157	162	2.8	3.9	3.6	4.0	4.1
Washington	95	122	123	111	121	2.9	3.6	3.6	3.2	3.5
West Virginia	31	27	34	32	36	4.6	3.9	4.9	4.6	5.2
Wisconsin	87	105	107	122	116	3.1	3.7	3.7	4.2	4.0
Wyoming	12	13	13	16	15	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.9	5.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,307	3,870	4,028	4,270	4,434	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.9	3.0
Alabama	64	60	58	62	69	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.4
Alaska	8	12	13	12	13	2.7	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.3
Arizona	83	87	94	87	100	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.9	3.4
Arkansas	36	39	39	40	45	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.5
California	309	401	421	403	443	1.9	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.7
Colorado	67	79	91	94	119	2.5	2.9	3.3	3.4	4.3
Connecticut	27	34	38	36	41	1.7	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.5
Delaware	11	12	14	14	14	2.5	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.1
District of Columbia	13	14	13	13	16	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.7	2.1
Florida	224	222	269	269	279	2.6	2.6	3.1	3.1	3.1
Georgia	128	184	157	195	168	2.9	4.1	3.4	4.3	3.7
Hawaii	24	16	19	19	41	4.7	2.8	3.3	3.3	7.1
Idaho	19	23	24	30	32	2.5	2.9	3.0	3.8	4.1
Illinois	128	163	169	197	194	2.3	2.8	2.9	3.4	3.3
Indiana	80	94	98	113	103	2.7	3.1	3.2	3.7	3.4
Iowa	31	43	41	53	39	2.1	2.8	2.7	3.5	2.5
Kansas	30	40	40	43	37	2.2	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.7
Kentucky	58	59	58	83	62	3.1	3.2	3.1	4.4	3.3
Louisiana	66	59	56	55	69	3.7	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.8
Maine	11	16	18	18	19	1.8	2.6	2.9	2.9	3.1
Maryland	43	64	69	66	66	1.7	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.5
Massachusetts	55	66	78	89	99	1.6	1.9	2.2	2.5	2.8
Michigan	105	103	139	137	120	2.6	2.5	3.3	3.3	2.9
Minnesota	42	89	74	74	64	1.5	3.1	2.6	2.6	2.2
Mississippi	37	36	30	38	42	3.3	3.2	2.6	3.4	3.7
Missouri	77	90	88	94	90	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.2
Montana	13	14	15	16	23	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.3	4.8
Nebraska	24	28	30	33	29	2.4	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8
Nevada	39	43	42	46	61	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.4	4.5
New Hampshire	11	17	19	18	25	1.7	2.6	2.9	2.7	3.8
New Jersey	90	102	100	106	87	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.2
New Mexico	18	23	22	25	25	2.3	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.1
New York	123	164	199	197	183	1.4	1.8	2.2	2.2	2.0
North Carolina	101	139	149	151	153	2.3	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.4
North Dakota	11	13	13	13	13	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
Ohio	130	137	140	158	162	2.5	2.6	2.6	3.0	3.0
Oklahoma	41	45	57	51	53	2.5	2.8	3.5	3.1	3.2
Oregon	40	50	49	55	74	2.2	2.7	2.6	2.9	3.9
Pennsylvania	109	114	118	133	126	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.2
Rhode Island	10	11	11	12	15	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.5	3.1
South Carolina	62	60	64	61	68	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.2
South Dakota	9	12	11	15	12	2.1	2.8	2.5	3.4	2.7
Tennessee	86	82	81	104	101	2.9	2.6	2.6	3.4	3.3
Texas	352	363	360	370	439	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9	3.4
Utah	37	46	43	42	58	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.6	3.6
Vermont	6	7	9	8	9	2.1	2.4	3.0	2.7	3.0
Virginia	84	105	98	111	123	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.8	3.1
Washington	54	85	80	82	85	1.7	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
West Virginia	22	18	24	23	26	3.3	2.6	3.5	3.3	3.8
Wisconsin	56	77	77	95	90	2.0	2.7	2.7	3.3	3.1
Wyoming	7	8	9	9	10	2.6	2.9	3.3	3.3	3.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)					Rates
	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,555	1,354	1,423	1,385	1,375	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9
Alabama	15	20	28	17	30	0.8	1.0	1.4	0.8	1.5
Alaska	4	4	5	5	5	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.6
Arizona	32	16	24	27	24	1.1	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.8
Arkansas	11	10	10	12	17	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.3
California	199	126	97	129	117	1.3	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.7
Colorado	36	33	49	72	30	1.4	1.2	1.8	2.6	1.1
Connecticut	23	13	15	8	13	1.5	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.8
Delaware	4	5	5	5	5	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
District of Columbia	7	6	6	5	6	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8
Florida	88	76	70	97	87	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.0
Georgia	41	60	65	42	59	0.9	1.3	1.4	0.9	1.3
Hawaii	12	5	9	8	14	2.4	0.9	1.5	1.4	2.4
Idaho	9	7	8	11	8	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.0
Illinois	96	48	57	52	51	1.7	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9
Indiana	36	31	30	28	27	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9
Iowa	18	12	14	15	17	1.2	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1
Kansas	12	15	12	12	11	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kentucky	21	20	21	20	24	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3
Louisiana	31	17	17	15	22	1.7	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.2
Maine	7	8	8	6	4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.0	0.7
Maryland	21	28	19	20	37	0.8	1.1	0.7	0.7	1.4
Massachusetts	38	32	25	41	53	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.2	1.5
Michigan	44	44	45	51	50	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
Minnesota	19	22	22	27	23	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mississippi	9	12	10	11	13	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1
Missouri	32	27	24	27	22	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8
Montana	6	5	6	7	5	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.5	1.0
Nebraska	11	10	11	9	10	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0
Nevada	18	22	29	22	20	1.4	1.7	2.2	1.6	1.5
New Hampshire	7	7	8	7	7	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1
New Jersey	60	47	42	34	38	1.6	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.9
New Mexico	7	10	9	13	9	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.1
New York	79	46	79	58	56	0.9	0.5	0.9	0.6	0.6
North Carolina	55	56	86	70	62	1.3	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.4
North Dakota	6	6	6	6	6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ohio	73	82	60	47	64	1.4	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.2
Oklahoma	12	19	15	15	16	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0
Oregon	29	20	19	24	14	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.3	0.7
Pennsylvania	31	56	70	42	38	0.6	1.0	1.2	0.7	0.7
Rhode Island	6	5	6	6	5	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.0
South Carolina	19	21	19	20	25	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.2
South Dakota	5	5	5	5	4	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.9
Tennessee	37	30	37	30	36	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2
Texas	108	94	97	91	92	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7
Utah	27	15	21	17	15	1.8	0.9	1.3	1.0	0.9
Vermont	6	3	4	3	3	2.1	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.0
Virginia	17	37	27	38	31	0.4	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.8
Washington	34	29	36	23	25	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.7
West Virginia	7	7	8	7	7	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0
Wisconsin	26	23	24	21	17	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6
Wyoming	4	4	4	6	4	1.5	1.5	1.5	2.2	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,649	10,913	10,507	4.5	6.9	6.6
Alabama	102	147	146	4.9	6.8	6.7
Alaska	17	30	25	5.4	8.4	7.5
Arizona	152	261	202	5.1	8.1	6.4
Arkansas	65	106	101	4.9	7.8	7.3
California	680	1,142	1,165	4.1	6.4	6.5
Colorado	107	218	185	3.9	7.4	6.3
Connecticut	60	105	103	3.7	6.2	6.0
Delaware	22	30	30	4.7	6.1	6.2
District of Columbia	28	37	41	3.7	4.7	5.2
Florida	380	692	611	4.3	7.3	6.5
Georgia	240	415	414	5.2	8.3	8.3
Hawaii	19	35	31	3.5	5.8	5.1
Idaho	34	58	50	4.3	6.8	6.0
Illinois	233	381	382	3.9	6.1	6.1
Indiana	150	237	229	4.8	7.2	6.9
Iowa	71	90	115	4.5	5.6	6.9
Kansas	63	83	83	4.4	5.7	5.6
Kentucky	94	177	146	4.9	8.6	7.2
Louisiana	91	146	136	4.8	7.4	7.0
Maine	32	48	49	4.9	7.0	7.4
Maryland	140	210	206	5.2	7.3	7.2
Massachusetts	145	289	314	4.2	7.5	8.1
Michigan	211	390	343	4.9	8.5	7.5
Minnesota	109	193	190	3.8	6.3	6.2
Mississippi	62	96	89	5.3	7.8	7.3
Missouri	113	213	199	3.9	7.0	6.5
Montana	26	39	37	5.2	7.4	7.1
Nebraska	48	67	71	4.6	6.1	6.5
Nevada	72	121	104	5.4	8.3	7.1
New Hampshire	29	59	51	4.3	8.1	7.1
New Jersey	207	317	313	5.1	7.4	7.2
New Mexico	42	73	65	5.0	8.2	7.4
New York	329	581	539	3.6	6.1	5.7
North Carolina	230	366	342	5.0	7.5	7.0
North Dakota	19	30	32	4.4	6.7	7.0
Ohio	240	342	386	4.4	6.0	6.7
Oklahoma	77	106	122	4.5	6.1	6.9
Oregon	106	159	148	5.5	7.8	7.3
Pennsylvania	274	442	424	4.7	7.2	6.9
Rhode Island	21	40	37	4.3	7.7	7.2
South Carolina	121	182	176	5.5	7.8	7.6
South Dakota	22	30	32	4.9	6.3	6.8
Tennessee	143	240	229	4.6	7.2	6.9
Texas	622	936	821	4.9	6.9	6.0
Utah	67	121	109	4.2	6.9	6.3
Vermont	15	24	24	4.8	7.6	7.6
Virginia	196	301	339	4.8	7.1	7.9
Washington	123	214	220	3.6	5.9	6.0
West Virginia	54	55	71	7.4	7.4	9.3
Wisconsin	131	216	209	4.4	6.9	6.7
Wyoming	13	23	18	4.5	7.5	6.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,033	7,120	6,493	4.3	4.8	4.4
Alabama	83	109	102	4.2	5.4	5.0
Alaska	18	21	17	5.9	6.4	5.5
Arizona	155	171	154	5.5	5.8	5.2
Arkansas	62	83	75	4.9	6.6	5.8
California	711	755	683	4.5	4.6	4.1
Colorado	109	148	117	4.1	5.4	4.2
Connecticut	62	62	63	3.9	3.9	3.9
Delaware	18	22	20	4.0	4.8	4.4
District of Columbia	20	21	25	2.7	2.9	3.3
Florida	325	471	398	3.9	5.4	4.5
Georgia	195	279	244	4.5	6.1	5.3
Hawaii	17	23	20	3.4	4.1	3.5
Idaho	39	43	38	5.1	5.5	4.9
Illinois	227	256	262	4.0	4.4	4.5
Indiana	115	178	143	3.8	5.8	4.6
Iowa	70	57	71	4.6	3.7	4.6
Kansas	48	64	52	3.5	4.6	3.7
Kentucky	103	127	97	5.6	6.8	5.1
Louisiana	76	107	87	4.2	5.8	4.8
Maine	24	24	27	3.9	3.8	4.3
Maryland	73	101	105	2.9	3.8	3.9
Massachusetts	133	126	159	4.0	3.6	4.5
Michigan	194	236	190	4.7	5.6	4.5
Minnesota	82	110	88	3.0	3.8	3.1
Mississippi	53	69	64	4.7	6.1	5.6
Missouri	114	135	118	4.1	4.8	4.1
Montana	28	28	27	5.8	5.7	5.5
Nebraska	38	49	41	3.8	4.8	4.0
Nevada	87	100	81	6.9	7.4	6.0
New Hampshire	23	35	28	3.5	5.2	4.1
New Jersey	197	159	191	5.1	4.0	4.8
New Mexico	37	51	38	4.6	6.2	4.7
New York	335	337	326	3.8	3.8	3.6
North Carolina	224	261	219	5.1	5.8	4.8
North Dakota	18	25	21	4.4	5.9	5.0
Ohio	201	231	248	3.8	4.3	4.6
Oklahoma	69	85	79	4.3	5.2	4.7
Oregon	86	98	89	4.7	5.2	4.7
Pennsylvania	213	194	201	3.8	3.4	3.5
Rhode Island	21	22	22	4.4	4.6	4.5
South Carolina	96	128	102	4.6	6.0	4.7
South Dakota	17	21	20	3.8	4.8	4.5
Tennessee	136	179	144	4.5	5.8	4.6
Texas	569	691	627	4.7	5.4	4.9
Utah	71	83	67	4.6	5.2	4.1
Vermont	13	13	13	4.5	4.5	4.4
Virginia	148	208	187	3.8	5.3	4.8
Washington	124	159	133	3.8	4.6	3.9
West Virginia	36	36	37	5.4	5.3	5.4
Wisconsin	109	113	125	3.8	3.9	4.3
Wyoming	14	16	13	5.1	5.5	4.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,479	7,107	6,597	3.9	4.8	4.5
Alabama	88	98	116	4.4	4.9	5.7
Alaska	23	28	31	7.4	8.6	10.0
Arizona	108	138	130	3.8	4.7	4.4
Arkansas	48	63	64	3.8	5.0	5.0
California	550	671	626	3.5	4.0	3.7
Colorado	131	210	179	5.0	7.6	6.5
Connecticut	58	63	67	3.7	3.9	4.2
Delaware	19	26	23	4.4	5.7	5.2
District of Columbia	20	26	25	2.8	3.5	3.3
Florida	316	441	391	3.8	5.0	4.4
Georgia	196	288	249	4.5	6.3	5.5
Hawaii	38	35	59	7.5	6.1	10.2
Idaho	36	51	49	4.7	6.4	6.3
Illinois	233	303	265	4.1	5.2	4.5
Indiana	130	175	141	4.3	5.7	4.6
Iowa	59	88	67	3.9	5.8	4.3
Kansas	47	71	52	3.5	5.1	3.7
Kentucky	81	121	99	4.4	6.4	5.3
Louisiana	102	89	99	5.7	4.8	5.4
Maine	28	32	33	4.5	5.0	5.3
Maryland	77	111	122	3.0	4.2	4.6
Massachusetts	132	172	198	3.9	4.9	5.6
Michigan	164	232	185	4.0	5.5	4.4
Minnesota	74	119	106	2.7	4.1	3.7
Mississippi	49	64	59	4.4	5.6	5.2
Missouri	120	148	123	4.3	5.2	4.3
Montana	27	30	36	5.7	6.1	7.3
Nebraska	37	52	41	3.8	5.1	4.0
Nevada	59	90	82	4.7	6.7	6.1
New Hampshire	25	34	40	3.9	5.0	6.0
New Jersey	189	178	165	4.9	4.5	4.1
New Mexico	26	52	35	3.3	6.4	4.2
New York	250	358	291	2.9	4.0	3.2
North Carolina	176	276	233	4.0	6.1	5.2
North Dakota	19	25	20	4.5	5.9	4.8
Ohio	212	252	244	4.0	4.7	4.5
Oklahoma	57	85	76	3.5	5.2	4.6
Oregon	82	99	102	4.5	5.2	5.4
Pennsylvania	163	226	188	2.9	4.0	3.3
Rhode Island	19	21	24	4.2	4.3	5.0
South Carolina	91	103	110	4.4	4.8	5.1
South Dakota	20	25	22	4.6	5.6	5.0
Tennessee	132	168	150	4.4	5.4	4.8
Texas	515	563	598	4.2	4.4	4.7
Utah	68	72	80	4.4	4.5	4.9
Vermont	14	13	14	4.7	4.5	4.8
Virginia	125	187	177	3.3	4.8	4.5
Washington	100	146	126	3.1	4.3	3.6
West Virginia	29	38	37	4.3	5.5	5.3
Wisconsin	99	136	126	3.5	4.7	4.4
Wyoming	16	18	20	5.8	6.6	7.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	3,453	5,191	4,681	2.4	3.5	3.2
Alabama	64	69	74	3.2	3.4	3.6
Alaska	14	18	21	4.6	5.7	6.5
Arizona	77	102	100	2.7	3.5	3.3
Arkansas	33	47	43	2.7	3.7	3.4
California	324	497	474	2.0	3.0	2.8
Colorado	78	129	132	2.9	4.7	4.8
Connecticut	29	46	44	1.8	2.9	2.7
Delaware	13	18	16	2.9	4.0	3.5
District of Columbia	11	18	16	1.5	2.4	2.1
Florida	214	298	278	2.6	3.4	3.2
Georgia	128	228	164	2.9	5.0	3.6
Hawaii	25	25	42	4.9	4.3	7.3
Idaho	23	38	37	3.0	4.7	4.7
Illinois	130	243	202	2.3	4.2	3.5
Indiana	82	130	107	2.7	4.2	3.5
Iowa	34	64	42	2.3	4.2	2.7
Kansas	31	52	38	2.3	3.7	2.7
Kentucky	57	93	64	3.1	4.9	3.4
Louisiana	63	67	68	3.5	3.6	3.8
Maine	15	23	24	2.5	3.6	3.8
Maryland	46	82	71	1.8	3.1	2.7
Massachusetts	70	109	118	2.1	3.1	3.3
Michigan	113	175	125	2.8	4.2	3.0
Minnesota	50	87	71	1.8	3.0	2.5
Mississippi	35	47	42	3.1	4.2	3.7
Missouri	81	110	95	2.9	3.9	3.3
Montana	17	21	27	3.6	4.2	5.5
Nebraska	24	38	29	2.5	3.7	2.9
Nevada	38	63	60	3.0	4.7	4.4
New Hampshire	14	22	28	2.2	3.3	4.3
New Jersey	113	125	107	2.9	3.1	2.7
New Mexico	17	34	24	2.1	4.1	3.0
New York	134	266	195	1.5	3.0	2.2
North Carolina	100	184	153	2.3	4.1	3.4
North Dakota	12	17	14	2.9	4.1	3.3
Ohio	139	186	179	2.6	3.5	3.3
Oklahoma	40	60	53	2.5	3.7	3.2
Oregon	44	71	78	2.4	3.8	4.2
Pennsylvania	109	168	132	1.9	2.9	2.3
Rhode Island	11	15	17	2.4	3.0	3.4
South Carolina	67	75	77	3.2	3.5	3.6
South Dakota	13	17	16	2.9	3.9	3.6
Tennessee	84	122	102	2.8	4.0	3.3
Texas	355	442	453	2.9	3.5	3.5
Utah	39	52	61	2.5	3.2	3.8
Vermont	6	9	10	2.1	3.2	3.2
Virginia	86	133	129	2.2	3.4	3.3
Washington	62	107	94	1.9	3.1	2.7
West Virginia	20	28	26	3.0	4.1	3.7
Wisconsin	60	108	97	2.1	3.7	3.3
Wyoming	10	11	13	3.6	4.1	4.9
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,663	1,502	1,503	1.2	1.0	1.0
Alabama	16	19	34	0.8	0.9	1.7
Alaska	7	8	9	2.4	2.5	2.9
Arizona	27	27	18	0.9	0.9	0.6
Arkansas	10	12	16	0.8	1.0	1.3
California	187	131	114	1.2	0.8	0.7
Colorado	42	75	36	1.6	2.7	1.3
Connecticut	27	11	19	1.7	0.7	1.2
Delaware	5	6	6	1.1	1.2	1.3
District of Columbia	8	6	7	1.0	0.8	1.0
Florida	86	113	93	1.0	1.3	1.0
Georgia	47	40	67	1.1	0.9	1.5
Hawaii	11	9	13	2.2	1.5	2.3
Idaho	11	11	10	1.5	1.3	1.2
Illinois	94	49	47	1.7	0.8	0.8
Indiana	40	36	29	1.3	1.2	1.0
Iowa	22	18	21	1.4	1.2	1.4
Kansas	13	13	11	1.0	1.0	0.8
Kentucky	18	22	23	1.0	1.2	1.2
Louisiana	31	16	24	1.7	0.9	1.3
Maine	11	7	7	1.8	1.0	1.2
Maryland	26	21	44	1.0	0.8	1.6
Massachusetts	54	52	74	1.6	1.5	2.1
Michigan	43	40	51	1.0	1.0	1.2
Minnesota	18	24	20	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mississippi	10	13	14	0.9	1.1	1.2
Missouri	33	31	22	1.2	1.1	0.8
Montana	9	8	7	1.8	1.7	1.5
Nebraska	11	10	9	1.1	1.0	0.9
Nevada	19	23	19	1.5	1.7	1.4
New Hampshire	9	8	9	1.4	1.3	1.4
New Jersey	68	44	50	1.8	1.1	1.2
New Mexico	8	15	8	1.0	1.9	1.0
New York	87	74	64	1.0	0.8	0.7
North Carolina	58	81	67	1.3	1.8	1.5
North Dakota	5	6	5	1.3	1.4	1.1
Ohio	59	51	55	1.1	1.0	1.0
Oklahoma	13	19	17	0.8	1.2	1.0
Oregon	35	24	17	1.9	1.3	0.9
Pennsylvania	45	40	45	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rhode Island	7	5	6	1.5	0.9	1.3
South Carolina	19	22	26	0.9	1.0	1.2
South Dakota	6	5	5	1.5	1.2	1.1
Tennessee	36	32	37	1.2	1.0	1.2
Texas	128	94	112	1.1	0.7	0.9
Utah	26	16	15	1.7	1.0	0.9
Vermont	7	3	4	2.5	0.9	1.4
Virginia	30	44	40	0.8	1.1	1.0
Washington	33	33	22	1.0	1.0	0.6
West Virginia	7	7	8	1.0	1.1	1.1
Wisconsin	34	22	21	1.2	0.8	0.7
Wyoming	5	6	5	2.0	2.2	1.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary