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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 19, 2021	USDL-21-2021
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		    STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2021

Job openings rates decreased in 12 states, increased in 8 states, and were little changed in 30 states and 
the District of Columbia on the last business day of September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. The hires rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 4 states, and was little changed in 40 
states and the District of Columbia. Total separations rates increased in 14 states, decreased in 4 states, 
and were little changed in 32 states and the District of Columbia. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and 
total separations rates were little changed in September. (See table A-E.)

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In September, job openings rates decreased in 12 states and increased in 8 states. The largest decreases 
in job openings rates occurred in Kentucky and Wyoming (-1.3 percentage points each), and Nevada  
(-1.1 points). The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in South Dakota (+1.0 percentage 
point), and Ohio, Oklahoma, and West Virginia (+0.8 point each). The national job openings rate was 
little changed. (See table A.)

The number of job openings decreased in 11 states and increased in 8 states on the last business day of 
September. The largest decreases occurred in Texas (-80,000), Florida (-76,000), and Arizona (-35,000). 
The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in Ohio (+46,000), Massachusetts (+29,000), 
and Virginia (+25,000). Nationally, the number of job openings was little changed. (See table A.)

Hires

In September, hires rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 4 states. The largest increases in hires 
rates occurred in Maine (+0.7 percentage point), and Illinois, Iowa, Ohio, and Wisconsin (+0.6 point 
each). The largest decreases in hires rates were in Nevada (-1.1 percentage points), and Michigan and 
North Dakota (-1.0 point each). The national hires rate was little changed. (See table B.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states and decreased in 3 states in September. The largest increases 
occurred in Illinois (+32,000), Ohio (+31,000), and Wisconsin (+16,000). The decreases in hires levels 
occurred in Michigan (-39,000), Nevada (-15,000), and North Dakota (-4,000). Nationally, the number 
of hires was little changed. (See table B.)


Total Separations

In September, total separations rates increased in 14 states and decreased in 4 states. The largest 
increases occurred in Hawaii (+5.2 percentage points), Louisiana (+1.2 points), and Montana  
(+1.0 point). The decreases in the total separations rates occurred in Iowa and South Dakota (-0.9 
percentage point each), as well as New Jersey (-0.6 point). The national total separations rate was little 
changed over the month. (See table C.)

The number of total separations increased in 12 states and decreased in 5 states in September. The 
largest increases occurred in Texas (+80,000), Hawaii (+30,000), and Louisiana (+22,000). The largest 
decreases occurred in Michigan and New Jersey (-21,000 each), and Iowa (-13,000). Nationally, the 
number of total separations was little changed. (See table C.)
 
Quits

In September, quits rates increased in 15 states and decreased in 10 states. The largest increases in quits 
rates occurred in Hawaii (+3.8 percentage points), Montana (+1.5 points), as well as Nevada and New 
Hampshire (+1.1 points each). The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Kentucky (-1.1 percentage 
points), Iowa (-1.0 point), and South Dakota (-0.7 point). Over the month, the national quits rate 
increased (+0.1 percentage point). (See table D.)

The number of quits increased in 13 states and decreased in 8 states in September. The largest increases 
in the quits level occurred in Texas (+69,000), California (+40,000), and Colorado (+25,000). The 
largest decreases in quits levels occurred in Georgia (-27,000), Kentucky (-21,000), and New Jersey  
(-19,000). Nationally, the number of quits increased (+164,000). (See table D.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges

In September, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 5 states. The largest 
increases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Hawaii (+1.0 percentage point), and Alabama and 
Maryland (+0.7 point each). The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Colorado  
(-1.5 percentage points), Wyoming (-0.7 point), and Oregon (-0.6 point). The national layoffs and 
discharges rate was unchanged. (See table E.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 7 states and decreased in 4 states in September. The 
largest increases in layoffs and discharges were in Georgia, Maryland, and Ohio (+17,000 each). The 
largest layoffs and discharges level decreases were in Colorado (-42,000), Oregon (-10,000), and New 
Mexico (-4,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed over the month. 
(See table E.)

For more information, please see the JOLTS interactive charts at /www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-
openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  

	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey State estimates for October 2021 are scheduled to 
be released on Friday, December 17, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).


Table A: States with significant changes in job openings from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............|10,629  |10,438  |     -191       |   6.7  |   6.6  |     -0.1        
Arizona................|   242  |   207  |      -35       |   7.5  |   6.5  |     -1.0
Colorado...............|   210  |   185  |      -25       |   7.1  |   6.3  |     -0.8
Florida................|   685  |   609  |      -76       |   7.2  |   6.4  |     -0.8
Idaho..................|    59  |    52  |       -7       |   7.0  |   6.2  |     -0.8
Iowa...................|    98  |   111  |       13       |   6.0  |   6.7  |      0.7
Kentucky...............|   170  |   142  |      -28       |   8.3  |   7.0  |     -1.3
Maine..................|    47  |    52  |        5       |   7.1  |   7.8  |      0.7
Massachusetts..........|   280  |   309  |       29       |   7.4  |   8.1  |      0.7
Michigan...............|   364  |   345  |      -19*      |   8.0  |   7.6  |     -0.4
Nevada.................|   119  |   102  |      -17       |   8.1  |   7.0  |     -1.1
North Carolina.........|   360  |   341  |      -19       |   7.4  |   7.0  |     -0.4
Ohio...................|   343  |   389  |       46       |   6.0  |   6.8  |      0.8
Oklahoma...............|   101  |   117  |       16       |   5.8  |   6.6  |      0.8
Oregon.................|   152  |   141  |      -11       |   7.5  |   7.0  |     -0.5
South Dakota...........|    27  |    32  |        5       |   5.8  |   6.8  |      1.0
Texas..................|   887  |   807  |      -80       |   6.5  |   5.9  |     -0.6
Utah...................|   120  |   111  |       -9       |   6.9  |   6.4  |     -0.5
Virginia...............|   303  |   328  |       25       |   7.2  |   7.7  |      0.5
West Virginia..........|    54  |    60  |        6       |   7.2  |   8.0  |      0.8
Wyoming................|    23  |    19  |       -4       |   7.8  |   6.5  |     -1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table B: States with significant changes in hires from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,497  | 6,459  |      -38       |   4.4  |   4.4  |      0.0        
Illinois...............|   235  |   267  |       32       |   4.0  |   4.6  |      0.6
Iowa...................|    57  |    66  |        9       |   3.7  |   4.3  |      0.6
Maine..................|    26  |    30  |        4*      |   4.2  |   4.9  |      0.7
Michigan...............|   220  |   181  |      -39       |   5.3  |   4.3  |     -1.0
Nevada.................|    98  |    83  |      -15       |   7.3  |   6.2  |     -1.1
North Dakota...........|    24  |    20  |       -4       |   5.8  |   4.8  |     -1.0
Ohio...................|   208  |   239  |       31       |   3.9  |   4.5  |      0.6
Pennsylvania...........|   189  |   210  |       21*      |   3.3  |   3.7  |      0.4
Wisconsin..............|   107  |   123  |       16       |   3.7  |   4.3  |      0.6
Wyoming................|    16  |    14  |       -2*      |   5.9  |   5.1  |     -0.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.
   

Table C: States with significant changes in total separations from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 6,032  | 6,218  |      186       |   4.1  |   4.2  |      0.1        
Alabama................|    90  |   105  |       15       |   4.4  |   5.1  |      0.7
Arkansas...............|    55  |    66  |       11       |   4.3  |   5.2  |      0.9
Connecticut............|    50  |    59  |        9*      |   3.1  |   3.7  |      0.6
Hawaii.................|    28  |    58  |       30       |   4.9  |  10.1  |      5.2
Iowa...................|    73  |    60  |      -13       |   4.8  |   3.9  |     -0.9
Kansas.................|    60  |    51  |       -9       |   4.3  |   3.7  |     -0.6*
Louisiana..............|    75  |    97  |       22       |   4.1  |   5.3  |      1.2
Maryland...............|    92  |   111  |       19       |   3.4  |   4.2  |      0.8
Massachusetts..........|   139  |   158  |       19       |   4.0  |   4.5  |      0.5
Michigan...............|   201  |   180  |      -21       |   4.8  |   4.3  |     -0.5
Montana................|    25  |    30  |        5       |   5.2  |   6.2  |      1.0
Nevada.................|    72  |    85  |       13       |   5.4  |   6.3  |      0.9
New Hampshire..........|    28  |    33  |        5       |   4.2  |   5.0  |      0.8
New Jersey.............|   150  |   129  |      -21       |   3.8  |   3.2  |     -0.6
Ohio...................|   216  |   235  |       19*      |   4.0  |   4.4  |      0.4
Oregon.................|    84  |    96  |       12       |   4.5  |   5.1  |      0.6*
South Carolina.........|    88  |   100  |       12*      |   4.1  |   4.7  |      0.6
South Dakota...........|    21  |    17  |       -4       |   4.8  |   3.9  |     -0.9
Texas..................|   480  |   560  |       80       |   3.8  |   4.4  |      0.6
Utah...................|    64  |    78  |       14       |   4.0  |   4.8  |      0.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table D: States with significant changes in quits from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 4,270  | 4,434  |      164       |   2.9  |   3.0  |      0.1        
Arizona................|    87  |   100  |       13       |   2.9  |   3.4  |      0.5
California.............|   403  |   443  |       40       |   2.4  |   2.7  |      0.3
Colorado...............|    94  |   119  |       25       |   3.4  |   4.3  |      0.9
Georgia................|   195  |   168  |      -27       |   4.3  |   3.7  |     -0.6
Hawaii.................|    19  |    41  |       22       |   3.3  |   7.1  |      3.8
Indiana................|   113  |   103  |      -10*      |   3.7  |   3.4  |     -0.3
Iowa...................|    53  |    39  |      -14       |   3.5  |   2.5  |     -1.0
Kansas.................|    43  |    37  |       -6       |   3.1  |   2.7  |     -0.4*
Kentucky...............|    83  |    62  |      -21       |   4.4  |   3.3  |     -1.1
Louisiana..............|    55  |    69  |       14       |   3.0  |   3.8  |      0.8
Massachusetts..........|    89  |    99  |       10       |   2.5  |   2.8  |      0.3*
Michigan...............|   137  |   120  |      -17       |   3.3  |   2.9  |     -0.4
Minnesota..............|    74  |    64  |      -10       |   2.6  |   2.2  |     -0.4
Montana................|    16  |    23  |        7       |   3.3  |   4.8  |      1.5
Nebraska...............|    33  |    29  |       -4*      |   3.2  |   2.8  |     -0.4
Nevada.................|    46  |    61  |       15       |   3.4  |   4.5  |      1.1
New Hampshire..........|    18  |    25  |        7       |   2.7  |   3.8  |      1.1
New Jersey.............|   106  |    87  |      -19       |   2.7  |   2.2  |     -0.5
New York...............|   197  |   183  |      -14*      |   2.2  |   2.0  |     -0.2
Oregon.................|    55  |    74  |       19       |   2.9  |   3.9  |      1.0
Rhode Island...........|    12  |    15  |        3       |   2.5  |   3.1  |      0.6
South Carolina.........|    61  |    68  |        7*      |   2.8  |   3.2  |      0.4
South Dakota...........|    15  |    12  |       -3       |   3.4  |   2.7  |     -0.7
Texas..................|   370  |   439  |       69       |   2.9  |   3.4  |      0.5
Utah...................|    42  |    58  |       16       |   2.6  |   3.6  |      1.0
Virginia...............|   111  |   123  |       12*      |   2.8  |   3.1  |      0.3
West Virginia..........|    23  |    26  |        3*      |   3.3  |   3.8  |      0.5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.


Table E: States with significant changes in layoffs and discharges from Aug 2021 to Sep 2021, seasonally adjusted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       |     Levels (in thousands)        |                  Rates                          
                       |----------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------
         State         |  Aug   |   Sep  | Over-the-month |   Aug  |   Sep  | Over-the-month
                       |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)   |  2021  | 2021(p)|    change(p)  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total U.S..............| 1,385  | 1,375  |      -10       |   0.9  |   0.9  |      0.0        
Alabama................|    17  |    30  |       13       |   0.8  |   1.5  |      0.7
Arkansas...............|    12  |    17  |        5       |   0.9  |   1.3  |      0.4
Colorado...............|    72  |    30  |      -42       |   2.6  |   1.1  |     -1.5
Georgia................|    42  |    59  |       17       |   0.9  |   1.3  |      0.4
Hawaii.................|     8  |    14  |        6       |   1.4  |   2.4  |      1.0
Maryland...............|    20  |    37  |       17       |   0.7  |   1.4  |      0.7
Massachusetts..........|    41  |    53  |       12       |   1.2  |   1.5  |      0.3
Montana................|     7  |     5  |       -2*      |   1.5  |   1.0  |     -0.5
New Mexico.............|    13  |     9  |       -4       |   1.6  |   1.1  |     -0.5
Ohio...................|    47  |    64  |       17       |   0.9  |   1.2  |      0.3*
Oregon.................|    24  |    14  |      -10       |   1.3  |   0.7  |     -0.6
Wyoming................|     6  |     4  |       -2       |   2.2  |   1.5  |     -0.7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary.
   * Not significant.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS program 
provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can be found at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and separations. 
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, and local government 
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance with the North American 
Industry Classification System. 

Definitions and Methodology (National/State). Shared definitions and procedures for National and State JOLTS Estimates 
can be found at: www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.tn.htm.

Data Element Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Total Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from other separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary 
help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The other separations component is 
not published for states due to its comparatively high error, and because it comprises less than 8% of total 
separations. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying 
that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimates Methodology

The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample based state estimates. 
However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based estimates. 

These estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model, the Synthetic model, the 
Composite Synthetic model, and the Extended Composite Synthetic model. The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS 
microdata, JOLTS regional published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite 
Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in 
microdata from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic by the 
ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate from one year ago. 

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Composite Regional model) is used to extend 
the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component—the Synthetic 
model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The current model uses the Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS re-tabulation 
process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional model estimates 
will ensure that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends. 

The Composite Regional model calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample weights, and 
the adjustments for non-response (NRAF). The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-supersector 
employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 
sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in quite a number of state-supersector cells 
that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates derived 
directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of respondents is low 
(that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate which leverages the small JOLTS sample 
to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. 

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-supersector 
cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-based component, 
in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5–30 
respondents an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-based estimate 
and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in those cells is 
proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of respondents). 

Benchmarking. The JOLTS State estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 
These state estimates are published as a historical series comprised of an historical annually 
revised benchmark component for the Composite Synthetic model and a current component Extended Composite Synthetic 
model which provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology 
is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 
including current month data. JOLTS state seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
over-the-month employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS state implied employment trends 
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the 
JOLTS data.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error occurs when a sample is 
surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted 
at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that 
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available on the JOLTS Median Standard Errors page: 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons including: 
the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; 
errors made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in 
estimation.

The JOLTS State variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A small 
area domain model uses a Bayesian model to develop estimates of JOLTS State variance. The small area model uses QCEW-
based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior distribution using 
JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the State and US Census Regional level to generate a Bayesian 
posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, an estimate of JOLTS State variance 
estimates is made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian approach thus 
indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

Detailed information the JOLTS State methodology can be found at:   

www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt_statedata_methodology.htm

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.




Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,611 10,185 11,098 10,629 10,438 4.5 6.5 7.0 6.7 6.6


Alabama

101 137 141 146 144 4.9 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.6

Alaska

22 23 36 30 30 6.9 7.1 10.6 8.9 8.9

Arizona

154 200 221 242 207 5.1 6.3 6.9 7.5 6.5

Arkansas

58 79 89 98 93 4.5 5.9 6.5 7.2 6.8

California

687 1,039 1,054 1,123 1,155 4.1 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.5

Colorado

107 228 228 210 185 3.9 7.7 7.7 7.1 6.3

Connecticut

59 104 106 103 104 3.6 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1

Delaware

23 35 35 33 31 4.9 7.3 7.2 6.8 6.5

District of Columbia

25 39 46 39 40 3.3 5.0 5.8 4.9 5.0

Florida

393 574 715 685 609 4.4 6.2 7.5 7.2 6.4

Georgia

246 364 383 416 415 5.3 7.4 7.7 8.4 8.3

Hawaii

16 37 46 33 29 3.0 6.1 7.3 5.4 4.8

Idaho

35 60 67 59 52 4.4 7.1 7.8 7.0 6.2

Illinois

239 399 429 387 388 4.1 6.5 6.9 6.3 6.3

Indiana

150 232 227 230 227 4.8 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.9

Iowa

69 91 103 98 111 4.4 5.6 6.3 6.0 6.7

Kansas

60 75 87 82 82 4.2 5.2 5.9 5.6 5.6

Kentucky

91 182 170 170 142 4.7 8.9 8.4 8.3 7.0

Louisiana

93 125 132 136 135 4.9 6.4 6.7 6.9 6.9

Maine

34 43 56 47 52 5.4 6.5 8.3 7.1 7.8

Maryland

141 199 227 212 209 5.2 7.0 7.9 7.4 7.3

Massachusetts

144 226 286 280 309 4.1 6.1 7.6 7.4 8.1

Michigan

212 433 377 364 345 4.9 9.5 8.3 8.0 7.6

Minnesota

107 181 206 190 189 3.7 6.0 6.7 6.2 6.2

Mississippi

60 83 84 87 86 5.1 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.0

Missouri

110 168 201 211 199 3.8 5.6 6.6 6.9 6.5

Montana

26 37 40 39 37 5.2 7.1 7.6 7.5 7.1

Nebraska

46 59 70 67 69 4.4 5.5 6.5 6.2 6.3

Nevada

73 158 156 119 102 5.5 10.6 10.4 8.1 7.0

New Hampshire

31 56 60 56 54 4.6 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.5

New Jersey

198 284 323 306 307 4.9 6.7 7.5 7.1 7.1

New Mexico

42 57 61 64 65 5.1 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.4

New York

326 537 693 554 543 3.6 5.7 7.2 5.8 5.7

North Carolina

228 354 354 360 341 4.9 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.0

North Dakota

18 26 27 29 30 4.2 5.9 6.1 6.5 6.7

Ohio

247 332 409 343 389 4.5 5.9 7.1 6.0 6.8

Oklahoma

73 115 108 101 117 4.3 6.6 6.2 5.8 6.6

Oregon

99 137 178 152 141 5.2 6.9 8.7 7.5 7.0

Pennsylvania

260 427 448 427 420 4.4 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.8

Rhode Island

20 46 38 37 37 4.1 8.9 7.4 7.2 7.2

South Carolina

123 163 180 181 179 5.6 7.1 7.8 7.8 7.7

South Dakota

22 23 30 27 32 4.9 5.0 6.4 5.8 6.8

Tennessee

142 206 221 227 227 4.5 6.2 6.7 6.8 6.8

Texas

609 902 928 887 807 4.8 6.7 6.8 6.5 5.9

Utah

69 105 131 120 111 4.3 6.2 7.5 6.9 6.4

Vermont

16 23 21 24 25 5.3 7.2 6.5 7.4 7.8

Virginia

194 271 320 303 328 4.8 6.5 7.6 7.2 7.7

Washington

125 226 231 210 224 3.7 6.3 6.4 5.8 6.1

West Virginia

45 60 69 54 60 6.3 8.0 9.1 7.2 8.0

Wisconsin

128 208 230 211 205 4.3 6.8 7.4 6.8 6.7

Wyoming

14 16 24 23 19 4.9 5.5 8.1 7.8 6.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,932 6,827 6,761 6,497 6,459 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4


Alabama

88 95 96 102 104 4.4 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.1

Alaska

22 9 24 21 21 7.5 3.0 7.9 6.9 6.9

Arizona

142 126 135 138 143 5.0 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8

Arkansas

55 59 61 65 67 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.3

California

677 624 624 661 660 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0

Colorado

113 151 142 140 126 4.3 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.6

Connecticut

59 81 58 60 62 3.8 5.1 3.6 3.7 3.9

Delaware

20 26 24 24 23 4.5 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.1

District of Columbia

15 20 23 22 20 2.0 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.7

Florida

341 394 422 431 414 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.7

Georgia

201 251 240 255 253 4.6 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.5

Hawaii

17 26 26 23 22 3.3 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.8

Idaho

39 47 44 44 39 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.0

Illinois

235 293 351 235 267 4.2 5.1 6.1 4.0 4.6

Indiana

115 178 161 157 149 3.8 5.8 5.3 5.1 4.9

Iowa

65 73 66 57 66 4.3 4.8 4.3 3.7 4.3

Kansas

46 69 63 55 51 3.4 5.0 4.6 4.0 3.7

Kentucky

102 143 105 107 97 5.5 7.7 5.6 5.7 5.2

Louisiana

77 93 92 95 89 4.3 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.9

Maine

27 27 27 26 30 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.9

Maryland

69 114 119 104 104 2.7 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.9

Massachusetts

113 153 152 127 143 3.4 4.4 4.3 3.6 4.1

Michigan

175 258 230 220 181 4.3 6.2 5.5 5.3 4.3

Minnesota

74 121 119 97 88 2.7 4.3 4.2 3.4 3.1

Mississippi

53 72 58 57 63 4.8 6.4 5.1 5.0 5.5

Missouri

112 151 136 123 117 4.0 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.1

Montana

27 25 29 27 27 5.7 5.2 6.0 5.6 5.6

Nebraska

36 45 48 45 40 3.6 4.5 4.7 4.4 3.9

Nevada

86 140 120 98 83 6.8 10.5 9.0 7.3 6.2

New Hampshire

26 33 31 30 31 4.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.7

New Jersey

172 152 195 167 170 4.5 3.9 4.9 4.2 4.2

New Mexico

38 40 43 40 41 4.8 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.1

New York

315 300 321 337 315 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.5

North Carolina

237 300 236 235 232 5.4 6.7 5.2 5.2 5.1

North Dakota

16 20 21 24 20 3.9 4.8 5.0 5.8 4.8

Ohio

206 286 237 208 239 3.9 5.4 4.4 3.9 4.5

Oklahoma

66 68 91 73 76 4.1 4.2 5.6 4.5 4.6

Oregon

77 101 98 96 86 4.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.6

Pennsylvania

218 205 195 189 210 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7

Rhode Island

20 39 23 22 22 4.3 8.3 4.8 4.6 4.6

South Carolina

102 120 111 116 108 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.0

South Dakota

17 20 21 19 20 4.0 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.6

Tennessee

141 152 163 157 150 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.1 4.8

Texas

569 536 573 600 613 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.7 4.8

Utah

70 72 79 75 70 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.3

Vermont

14 32 13 14 14 4.9 10.8 4.3 4.7 4.7

Virginia

158 167 179 184 190 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8

Washington

115 150 150 139 134 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.1 3.9

West Virginia

32 38 42 31 32 4.8 5.5 6.1 4.5 4.6

Wisconsin

110 126 127 107 123 3.9 4.4 4.4 3.7 4.3

Wyoming

15 8 16 16 14 5.5 2.9 5.9 5.9 5.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,235 5,612 5,792 6,032 6,218 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2


Alabama

87 86 92 90 105 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.4 5.1

Alaska

13 17 19 19 19 4.4 5.7 6.2 6.2 6.2

Arizona

122 113 124 124 137 4.3 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.6

Arkansas

52 52 53 55 66 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.2

California

550 556 551 577 600 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.6

Colorado

114 136 144 172 160 4.3 5.0 5.3 6.3 5.8

Connecticut

52 51 58 50 59 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.7

Delaware

17 18 20 21 20 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.5

District of Columbia

21 23 20 19 24 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.5 3.2

Florida

330 312 356 395 388 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.5 4.4

Georgia

192 268 228 254 245 4.4 5.9 5.0 5.6 5.4

Hawaii

39 24 29 28 58 7.6 4.2 5.0 4.9 10.1

Idaho

30 32 33 44 43 3.9 4.1 4.2 5.6 5.5

Illinois

234 221 236 259 262 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.5

Indiana

124 137 138 148 135 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.4

Iowa

52 61 58 73 60 3.5 4.0 3.8 4.8 3.9

Kansas

45 58 56 60 51 3.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 3.7

Kentucky

85 83 86 108 99 4.6 4.5 4.6 5.7 5.3

Louisiana

105 82 78 75 97 5.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 5.3

Maine

19 26 29 27 24 3.2 4.2 4.7 4.4 3.9

Maryland

70 96 94 92 111 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 4.2

Massachusetts

100 107 119 139 158 3.0 3.1 3.4 4.0 4.5

Michigan

156 159 191 201 180 3.8 3.8 4.6 4.8 4.3

Minnesota

67 119 103 108 101 2.4 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.5

Mississippi

51 51 43 53 59 4.6 4.5 3.8 4.7 5.2

Missouri

115 124 119 127 117 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.1

Montana

21 20 22 25 30 4.4 4.2 4.5 5.2 6.2

Nebraska

37 42 45 45 41 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.0

Nevada

61 71 72 72 85 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.4 6.3

New Hampshire

20 29 29 28 33 3.1 4.4 4.4 4.2 5.0

New Jersey

152 162 152 150 129 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.2

New Mexico

27 35 33 41 36 3.4 4.4 4.1 5.1 4.4

New York

230 230 292 271 266 2.6 2.6 3.3 3.0 3.0

North Carolina

174 209 245 232 227 4.0 4.6 5.4 5.1 5.0

North Dakota

18 20 20 21 20 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.8

Ohio

216 232 213 216 235 4.1 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.4

Oklahoma

57 69 77 72 74 3.5 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.5

Oregon

73 76 70 84 96 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.5 5.1

Pennsylvania

151 182 204 192 179 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.1

Rhode Island

16 17 20 19 22 3.5 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.6

South Carolina

85 85 89 88 100 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.7

South Dakota

15 19 17 21 17 3.5 4.4 3.9 4.8 3.9

Tennessee

136 119 127 147 148 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.8

Texas

488 487 488 480 560 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.4

Utah

68 66 67 64 78 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.8

Vermont

12 12 15 13 12 4.2 4.1 5.0 4.4 4.1

Virginia

109 152 140 157 162 2.8 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.1

Washington

95 122 123 111 121 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.5

West Virginia

31 27 34 32 36 4.6 3.9 4.9 4.6 5.2

Wisconsin

87 105 107 122 116 3.1 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.0

Wyoming

12 13 13 16 15 4.4 4.8 4.8 5.9 5.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

3,307 3,870 4,028 4,270 4,434 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0


Alabama

64 60 58 62 69 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.4

Alaska

8 12 13 12 13 2.7 4.0 4.3 3.9 4.3

Arizona

83 87 94 87 100 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.4

Arkansas

36 39 39 40 45 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.5

California

309 401 421 403 443 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.7

Colorado

67 79 91 94 119 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.3

Connecticut

27 34 38 36 41 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.5

Delaware

11 12 14 14 14 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1

District of Columbia

13 14 13 13 16 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.1

Florida

224 222 269 269 279 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.1 3.1

Georgia

128 184 157 195 168 2.9 4.1 3.4 4.3 3.7

Hawaii

24 16 19 19 41 4.7 2.8 3.3 3.3 7.1

Idaho

19 23 24 30 32 2.5 2.9 3.0 3.8 4.1

Illinois

128 163 169 197 194 2.3 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3

Indiana

80 94 98 113 103 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.7 3.4

Iowa

31 43 41 53 39 2.1 2.8 2.7 3.5 2.5

Kansas

30 40 40 43 37 2.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7

Kentucky

58 59 58 83 62 3.1 3.2 3.1 4.4 3.3

Louisiana

66 59 56 55 69 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.8

Maine

11 16 18 18 19 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.1

Maryland

43 64 69 66 66 1.7 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5

Massachusetts

55 66 78 89 99 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8

Michigan

105 103 139 137 120 2.6 2.5 3.3 3.3 2.9

Minnesota

42 89 74 74 64 1.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.2

Mississippi

37 36 30 38 42 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.4 3.7

Missouri

77 90 88 94 90 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2

Montana

13 14 15 16 23 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 4.8

Nebraska

24 28 30 33 29 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.8

Nevada

39 43 42 46 61 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4 4.5

New Hampshire

11 17 19 18 25 1.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.8

New Jersey

90 102 100 106 87 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.2

New Mexico

18 23 22 25 25 2.3 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.1

New York

123 164 199 197 183 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.0

North Carolina

101 139 149 151 153 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.4

North Dakota

11 13 13 13 13 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Ohio

130 137 140 158 162 2.5 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0

Oklahoma

41 45 57 51 53 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.2

Oregon

40 50 49 55 74 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.9

Pennsylvania

109 114 118 133 126 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2

Rhode Island

10 11 11 12 15 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.1

South Carolina

62 60 64 61 68 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.2

South Dakota

9 12 11 15 12 2.1 2.8 2.5 3.4 2.7

Tennessee

86 82 81 104 101 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.4 3.3

Texas

352 363 360 370 439 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.4

Utah

37 46 43 42 58 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.6

Vermont

6 7 9 8 9 2.1 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.0

Virginia

84 105 98 111 123 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.1

Washington

54 85 80 82 85 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5

West Virginia

22 18 24 23 26 3.3 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.8

Wisconsin

56 77 77 95 90 2.0 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.1

Wyoming

7 8 9 9 10 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
June
2021
July
2021
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,555 1,354 1,423 1,385 1,375 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9


Alabama

15 20 28 17 30 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.5

Alaska

4 4 5 5 5 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6

Arizona

32 16 24 27 24 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8

Arkansas

11 10 10 12 17 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3

California

199 126 97 129 117 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7

Colorado

36 33 49 72 30 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.6 1.1

Connecticut

23 13 15 8 13 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8

Delaware

4 5 5 5 5 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

District of Columbia

7 6 6 5 6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Florida

88 76 70 97 87 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0

Georgia

41 60 65 42 59 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.3

Hawaii

12 5 9 8 14 2.4 0.9 1.5 1.4 2.4

Idaho

9 7 8 11 8 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.0

Illinois

96 48 57 52 51 1.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9

Indiana

36 31 30 28 27 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Iowa

18 12 14 15 17 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

Kansas

12 15 12 12 11 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Kentucky

21 20 21 20 24 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3

Louisiana

31 17 17 15 22 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2

Maine

7 8 8 6 4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.7

Maryland

21 28 19 20 37 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.4

Massachusetts

38 32 25 41 53 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.5

Michigan

44 44 45 51 50 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Minnesota

19 22 22 27 23 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Mississippi

9 12 10 11 13 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1

Missouri

32 27 24 27 22 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8

Montana

6 5 6 7 5 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.0

Nebraska

11 10 11 9 10 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Nevada

18 22 29 22 20 1.4 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.5

New Hampshire

7 7 8 7 7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1

New Jersey

60 47 42 34 38 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9

New Mexico

7 10 9 13 9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.1

New York

79 46 79 58 56 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6

North Carolina

55 56 86 70 62 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.4

North Dakota

6 6 6 6 6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Ohio

73 82 60 47 64 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.2

Oklahoma

12 19 15 15 16 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0

Oregon

29 20 19 24 14 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.7

Pennsylvania

31 56 70 42 38 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7

Rhode Island

6 5 6 6 5 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.0

South Carolina

19 21 19 20 25 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2

South Dakota

5 5 5 5 4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9

Tennessee

37 30 37 30 36 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2

Texas

108 94 97 91 92 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Utah

27 15 21 17 15 1.8 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9

Vermont

6 3 4 3 3 2.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0

Virginia

17 37 27 38 31 0.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8

Washington

34 29 36 23 25 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.7

West Virginia

7 7 8 7 7 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0

Wisconsin

26 23 24 21 17 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Wyoming

4 4 4 6 4 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.2 1.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,649 10,913 10,507 4.5 6.9 6.6


Alabama

102 147 146 4.9 6.8 6.7

Alaska

17 30 25 5.4 8.4 7.5

Arizona

152 261 202 5.1 8.1 6.4

Arkansas

65 106 101 4.9 7.8 7.3

California

680 1,142 1,165 4.1 6.4 6.5

Colorado

107 218 185 3.9 7.4 6.3

Connecticut

60 105 103 3.7 6.2 6.0

Delaware

22 30 30 4.7 6.1 6.2

District of Columbia

28 37 41 3.7 4.7 5.2

Florida

380 692 611 4.3 7.3 6.5

Georgia

240 415 414 5.2 8.3 8.3

Hawaii

19 35 31 3.5 5.8 5.1

Idaho

34 58 50 4.3 6.8 6.0

Illinois

233 381 382 3.9 6.1 6.1

Indiana

150 237 229 4.8 7.2 6.9

Iowa

71 90 115 4.5 5.6 6.9

Kansas

63 83 83 4.4 5.7 5.6

Kentucky

94 177 146 4.9 8.6 7.2

Louisiana

91 146 136 4.8 7.4 7.0

Maine

32 48 49 4.9 7.0 7.4

Maryland

140 210 206 5.2 7.3 7.2

Massachusetts

145 289 314 4.2 7.5 8.1

Michigan

211 390 343 4.9 8.5 7.5

Minnesota

109 193 190 3.8 6.3 6.2

Mississippi

62 96 89 5.3 7.8 7.3

Missouri

113 213 199 3.9 7.0 6.5

Montana

26 39 37 5.2 7.4 7.1

Nebraska

48 67 71 4.6 6.1 6.5

Nevada

72 121 104 5.4 8.3 7.1

New Hampshire

29 59 51 4.3 8.1 7.1

New Jersey

207 317 313 5.1 7.4 7.2

New Mexico

42 73 65 5.0 8.2 7.4

New York

329 581 539 3.6 6.1 5.7

North Carolina

230 366 342 5.0 7.5 7.0

North Dakota

19 30 32 4.4 6.7 7.0

Ohio

240 342 386 4.4 6.0 6.7

Oklahoma

77 106 122 4.5 6.1 6.9

Oregon

106 159 148 5.5 7.8 7.3

Pennsylvania

274 442 424 4.7 7.2 6.9

Rhode Island

21 40 37 4.3 7.7 7.2

South Carolina

121 182 176 5.5 7.8 7.6

South Dakota

22 30 32 4.9 6.3 6.8

Tennessee

143 240 229 4.6 7.2 6.9

Texas

622 936 821 4.9 6.9 6.0

Utah

67 121 109 4.2 6.9 6.3

Vermont

15 24 24 4.8 7.6 7.6

Virginia

196 301 339 4.8 7.1 7.9

Washington

123 214 220 3.6 5.9 6.0

West Virginia

54 55 71 7.4 7.4 9.3

Wisconsin

131 216 209 4.4 6.9 6.7

Wyoming

13 23 18 4.5 7.5 6.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,033 7,120 6,493 4.3 4.8 4.4


Alabama

83 109 102 4.2 5.4 5.0

Alaska

18 21 17 5.9 6.4 5.5

Arizona

155 171 154 5.5 5.8 5.2

Arkansas

62 83 75 4.9 6.6 5.8

California

711 755 683 4.5 4.6 4.1

Colorado

109 148 117 4.1 5.4 4.2

Connecticut

62 62 63 3.9 3.9 3.9

Delaware

18 22 20 4.0 4.8 4.4

District of Columbia

20 21 25 2.7 2.9 3.3

Florida

325 471 398 3.9 5.4 4.5

Georgia

195 279 244 4.5 6.1 5.3

Hawaii

17 23 20 3.4 4.1 3.5

Idaho

39 43 38 5.1 5.5 4.9

Illinois

227 256 262 4.0 4.4 4.5

Indiana

115 178 143 3.8 5.8 4.6

Iowa

70 57 71 4.6 3.7 4.6

Kansas

48 64 52 3.5 4.6 3.7

Kentucky

103 127 97 5.6 6.8 5.1

Louisiana

76 107 87 4.2 5.8 4.8

Maine

24 24 27 3.9 3.8 4.3

Maryland

73 101 105 2.9 3.8 3.9

Massachusetts

133 126 159 4.0 3.6 4.5

Michigan

194 236 190 4.7 5.6 4.5

Minnesota

82 110 88 3.0 3.8 3.1

Mississippi

53 69 64 4.7 6.1 5.6

Missouri

114 135 118 4.1 4.8 4.1

Montana

28 28 27 5.8 5.7 5.5

Nebraska

38 49 41 3.8 4.8 4.0

Nevada

87 100 81 6.9 7.4 6.0

New Hampshire

23 35 28 3.5 5.2 4.1

New Jersey

197 159 191 5.1 4.0 4.8

New Mexico

37 51 38 4.6 6.2 4.7

New York

335 337 326 3.8 3.8 3.6

North Carolina

224 261 219 5.1 5.8 4.8

North Dakota

18 25 21 4.4 5.9 5.0

Ohio

201 231 248 3.8 4.3 4.6

Oklahoma

69 85 79 4.3 5.2 4.7

Oregon

86 98 89 4.7 5.2 4.7

Pennsylvania

213 194 201 3.8 3.4 3.5

Rhode Island

21 22 22 4.4 4.6 4.5

South Carolina

96 128 102 4.6 6.0 4.7

South Dakota

17 21 20 3.8 4.8 4.5

Tennessee

136 179 144 4.5 5.8 4.6

Texas

569 691 627 4.7 5.4 4.9

Utah

71 83 67 4.6 5.2 4.1

Vermont

13 13 13 4.5 4.5 4.4

Virginia

148 208 187 3.8 5.3 4.8

Washington

124 159 133 3.8 4.6 3.9

West Virginia

36 36 37 5.4 5.3 5.4

Wisconsin

109 113 125 3.8 3.9 4.3

Wyoming

14 16 13 5.1 5.5 4.6

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,479 7,107 6,597 3.9 4.8 4.5


Alabama

88 98 116 4.4 4.9 5.7

Alaska

23 28 31 7.4 8.6 10.0

Arizona

108 138 130 3.8 4.7 4.4

Arkansas

48 63 64 3.8 5.0 5.0

California

550 671 626 3.5 4.0 3.7

Colorado

131 210 179 5.0 7.6 6.5

Connecticut

58 63 67 3.7 3.9 4.2

Delaware

19 26 23 4.4 5.7 5.2

District of Columbia

20 26 25 2.8 3.5 3.3

Florida

316 441 391 3.8 5.0 4.4

Georgia

196 288 249 4.5 6.3 5.5

Hawaii

38 35 59 7.5 6.1 10.2

Idaho

36 51 49 4.7 6.4 6.3

Illinois

233 303 265 4.1 5.2 4.5

Indiana

130 175 141 4.3 5.7 4.6

Iowa

59 88 67 3.9 5.8 4.3

Kansas

47 71 52 3.5 5.1 3.7

Kentucky

81 121 99 4.4 6.4 5.3

Louisiana

102 89 99 5.7 4.8 5.4

Maine

28 32 33 4.5 5.0 5.3

Maryland

77 111 122 3.0 4.2 4.6

Massachusetts

132 172 198 3.9 4.9 5.6

Michigan

164 232 185 4.0 5.5 4.4

Minnesota

74 119 106 2.7 4.1 3.7

Mississippi

49 64 59 4.4 5.6 5.2

Missouri

120 148 123 4.3 5.2 4.3

Montana

27 30 36 5.7 6.1 7.3

Nebraska

37 52 41 3.8 5.1 4.0

Nevada

59 90 82 4.7 6.7 6.1

New Hampshire

25 34 40 3.9 5.0 6.0

New Jersey

189 178 165 4.9 4.5 4.1

New Mexico

26 52 35 3.3 6.4 4.2

New York

250 358 291 2.9 4.0 3.2

North Carolina

176 276 233 4.0 6.1 5.2

North Dakota

19 25 20 4.5 5.9 4.8

Ohio

212 252 244 4.0 4.7 4.5

Oklahoma

57 85 76 3.5 5.2 4.6

Oregon

82 99 102 4.5 5.2 5.4

Pennsylvania

163 226 188 2.9 4.0 3.3

Rhode Island

19 21 24 4.2 4.3 5.0

South Carolina

91 103 110 4.4 4.8 5.1

South Dakota

20 25 22 4.6 5.6 5.0

Tennessee

132 168 150 4.4 5.4 4.8

Texas

515 563 598 4.2 4.4 4.7

Utah

68 72 80 4.4 4.5 4.9

Vermont

14 13 14 4.7 4.5 4.8

Virginia

125 187 177 3.3 4.8 4.5

Washington

100 146 126 3.1 4.3 3.6

West Virginia

29 38 37 4.3 5.5 5.3

Wisconsin

99 136 126 3.5 4.7 4.4

Wyoming

16 18 20 5.8 6.6 7.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

3,453 5,191 4,681 2.4 3.5 3.2


Alabama

64 69 74 3.2 3.4 3.6

Alaska

14 18 21 4.6 5.7 6.5

Arizona

77 102 100 2.7 3.5 3.3

Arkansas

33 47 43 2.7 3.7 3.4

California

324 497 474 2.0 3.0 2.8

Colorado

78 129 132 2.9 4.7 4.8

Connecticut

29 46 44 1.8 2.9 2.7

Delaware

13 18 16 2.9 4.0 3.5

District of Columbia

11 18 16 1.5 2.4 2.1

Florida

214 298 278 2.6 3.4 3.2

Georgia

128 228 164 2.9 5.0 3.6

Hawaii

25 25 42 4.9 4.3 7.3

Idaho

23 38 37 3.0 4.7 4.7

Illinois

130 243 202 2.3 4.2 3.5

Indiana

82 130 107 2.7 4.2 3.5

Iowa

34 64 42 2.3 4.2 2.7

Kansas

31 52 38 2.3 3.7 2.7

Kentucky

57 93 64 3.1 4.9 3.4

Louisiana

63 67 68 3.5 3.6 3.8

Maine

15 23 24 2.5 3.6 3.8

Maryland

46 82 71 1.8 3.1 2.7

Massachusetts

70 109 118 2.1 3.1 3.3

Michigan

113 175 125 2.8 4.2 3.0

Minnesota

50 87 71 1.8 3.0 2.5

Mississippi

35 47 42 3.1 4.2 3.7

Missouri

81 110 95 2.9 3.9 3.3

Montana

17 21 27 3.6 4.2 5.5

Nebraska

24 38 29 2.5 3.7 2.9

Nevada

38 63 60 3.0 4.7 4.4

New Hampshire

14 22 28 2.2 3.3 4.3

New Jersey

113 125 107 2.9 3.1 2.7

New Mexico

17 34 24 2.1 4.1 3.0

New York

134 266 195 1.5 3.0 2.2

North Carolina

100 184 153 2.3 4.1 3.4

North Dakota

12 17 14 2.9 4.1 3.3

Ohio

139 186 179 2.6 3.5 3.3

Oklahoma

40 60 53 2.5 3.7 3.2

Oregon

44 71 78 2.4 3.8 4.2

Pennsylvania

109 168 132 1.9 2.9 2.3

Rhode Island

11 15 17 2.4 3.0 3.4

South Carolina

67 75 77 3.2 3.5 3.6

South Dakota

13 17 16 2.9 3.9 3.6

Tennessee

84 122 102 2.8 4.0 3.3

Texas

355 442 453 2.9 3.5 3.5

Utah

39 52 61 2.5 3.2 3.8

Vermont

6 9 10 2.1 3.2 3.2

Virginia

86 133 129 2.2 3.4 3.3

Washington

62 107 94 1.9 3.1 2.7

West Virginia

20 28 26 3.0 4.1 3.7

Wisconsin

60 108 97 2.1 3.7 3.3

Wyoming

10 11 13 3.6 4.1 4.9

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)
Sept.
2020
Aug.
2021
Sept.
2021(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,663 1,502 1,503 1.2 1.0 1.0


Alabama

16 19 34 0.8 0.9 1.7

Alaska

7 8 9 2.4 2.5 2.9

Arizona

27 27 18 0.9 0.9 0.6

Arkansas

10 12 16 0.8 1.0 1.3

California

187 131 114 1.2 0.8 0.7

Colorado

42 75 36 1.6 2.7 1.3

Connecticut

27 11 19 1.7 0.7 1.2

Delaware

5 6 6 1.1 1.2 1.3

District of Columbia

8 6 7 1.0 0.8 1.0

Florida

86 113 93 1.0 1.3 1.0

Georgia

47 40 67 1.1 0.9 1.5

Hawaii

11 9 13 2.2 1.5 2.3

Idaho

11 11 10 1.5 1.3 1.2

Illinois

94 49 47 1.7 0.8 0.8

Indiana

40 36 29 1.3 1.2 1.0

Iowa

22 18 21 1.4 1.2 1.4

Kansas

13 13 11 1.0 1.0 0.8

Kentucky

18 22 23 1.0 1.2 1.2

Louisiana

31 16 24 1.7 0.9 1.3

Maine

11 7 7 1.8 1.0 1.2

Maryland

26 21 44 1.0 0.8 1.6

Massachusetts

54 52 74 1.6 1.5 2.1

Michigan

43 40 51 1.0 1.0 1.2

Minnesota

18 24 20 0.7 0.8 0.7

Mississippi

10 13 14 0.9 1.1 1.2

Missouri

33 31 22 1.2 1.1 0.8

Montana

9 8 7 1.8 1.7 1.5

Nebraska

11 10 9 1.1 1.0 0.9

Nevada

19 23 19 1.5 1.7 1.4

New Hampshire

9 8 9 1.4 1.3 1.4

New Jersey

68 44 50 1.8 1.1 1.2

New Mexico

8 15 8 1.0 1.9 1.0

New York

87 74 64 1.0 0.8 0.7

North Carolina

58 81 67 1.3 1.8 1.5

North Dakota

5 6 5 1.3 1.4 1.1

Ohio

59 51 55 1.1 1.0 1.0

Oklahoma

13 19 17 0.8 1.2 1.0

Oregon

35 24 17 1.9 1.3 0.9

Pennsylvania

45 40 45 0.8 0.7 0.8

Rhode Island

7 5 6 1.5 0.9 1.3

South Carolina

19 22 26 0.9 1.0 1.2

South Dakota

6 5 5 1.5 1.2 1.1

Tennessee

36 32 37 1.2 1.0 1.2

Texas

128 94 112 1.1 0.7 0.9

Utah

26 16 15 1.7 1.0 0.9

Vermont

7 3 4 2.5 0.9 1.4

Virginia

30 44 40 0.8 1.1 1.0

Washington

33 33 22 1.0 1.0 0.6

West Virginia

7 7 8 1.0 1.1 1.1

Wisconsin

34 22 21 1.2 0.8 0.7

Wyoming

5 6 5 2.0 2.2 1.8

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: November 19, 2021