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Economic News Release
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JOLTS JLT Program Links

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release


For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, November 20, 2023	USDL-23-2472
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		      STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state on the last business day of September,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 1 state and increased in 1
state. Total separations rates decreased in 6 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total
separations rates showed little or no change in September.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In September, job openings rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in
46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Alaska
(-1.3 percentage points), Utah (-0.7 point), and Illinois (-0.6 point). The increase occurred in Tennessee
(+1.9 points). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45
states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the job openings level
occurred in Illinois (-44,000), Massachusetts (-22,000), and Utah (-15,000). The increase occurred in
Tennessee (+74,000). Nationally, the number of job openings changed little over the month.
(See table 1.)

Hires

In September, hires rates increased in 1 state, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 48 states
and the District of Columbia. The hires rate increased in Colorado (+0.7 percentage point) and decreased
in Texas (-0.5 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and
the District of Columbia in September. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania
(+27,000), Ohio (+26,000), and Colorado (+21,000). The decrease occurred in Texas (-68,000).
Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In September, total separations rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the
District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in Alaska
(-2.1 percentage points) and in Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska (-0.8 point each). Over the month, the
national total separations rate changed little. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 6 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 43
states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases occurred in Illinois (-45,000),
North Carolina (-31,000), and Colorado (-21,000). The increase in the total separations level occurred in
Florida (+41,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month.
(See table 3.)

Quits

In September, quits rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Colorado
(-0.7 percentage point) and in Iowa and Nebraska (-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Florida
(+0.5 point) and in New Jersey (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged.
(See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 7 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39 states and
the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Ohio
(-28,000) and Colorado (-22,000), as well as in Alabama and Utah (-10,000 each). The largest increases
occurred in Florida (+42,000), New York (+20,000), and New Jersey (+15,000). Nationally, the number
of quits changed little over the month. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In September, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 5 states and were little changed in 45 states
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Alaska
(-1.6 percentage points), Illinois (-0.9 point), and Connecticut (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national
layoffs and discharges rate changed little. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states and was little changed in 45 states and the
District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the layoffs and discharges level occurred in
Illinois (-53,000) and in Arizona and Wisconsin (-12,000 each). Nationally, the number of layoffs and
discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)


For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.

_______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2023 are scheduled to be
released on Friday, December 15, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state,
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023,
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies;
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees;
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths.
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low,
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not
published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates.
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels
by 12.

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce
nonsampling error in the survey's design.

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated,
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution.
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

10,854 9,165 8,920 9,497 9,553 56 6.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.7 0.0


Alabama

153 138 129 137 143 6 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.2 0.2

Alaska

29 26 24 32 27 -5 8.3 7.4 6.9 8.9 7.6 -1.3

Arizona

236 184 199 192 198 6 7.0 5.5 5.9 5.7 5.9 0.2

Arkansas

99 91 84 90 90 0 6.9 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 0.0

California

1,200 926 975 961 911 -50 6.3 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 -0.2

Colorado

206 181 191 197 197 0 6.7 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 0.0

Connecticut

136 90 91 96 103 7 7.5 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.7 0.3

Delaware

35 33 33 33 33 0 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 -0.1

District of Columbia

43 42 43 39 42 3 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.1 0.3

Florida

647 618 570 616 619 3 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 0.0

Georgia

406 340 323 333 354 21 7.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.7 0.4

Hawaii

37 31 33 35 32 -3 5.6 4.7 4.9 5.2 4.8 -0.4

Idaho

63 50 55 54 54 0 7.0 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.9 0.0

Illinois

433 363 349 428 384 -44 6.6 5.6 5.4 6.5 5.9 -0.6

Indiana

201 167 162 170 172 2 5.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0 0.1

Iowa

115 85 75 90 85 -5 6.8 5.1 4.5 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Kansas

101 82 82 88 85 -3 6.6 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.5 -0.2

Kentucky

156 126 111 126 133 7 7.3 5.9 5.2 5.9 6.1 0.2

Louisiana

144 147 126 140 149 9 6.9 7.0 6.0 6.6 7.0 0.4

Maine

45 37 41 42 45 3 6.6 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.5 0.4

Maryland

202 197 165 180 184 4 6.9 6.7 5.7 6.1 6.2 0.1

Massachusetts

287 253 236 251 229 -22 7.2 6.3 5.9 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Michigan

321 239 216 242 242 0 6.8 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.2 0.0

Minnesota

210 199 192 203 206 3 6.6 6.3 6.0 6.4 6.4 0.0

Mississippi

91 85 80 82 83 1 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.6 0.0

Missouri

215 155 167 182 182 0 6.8 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.7 0.0

Montana

40 35 35 36 36 0 7.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 0.0

Nebraska

68 59 54 62 61 -1 6.2 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Nevada

101 92 92 97 101 4 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.1 0.2

New Hampshire

55 43 50 44 46 2 7.4 5.8 6.7 5.9 6.2 0.3

New Jersey

260 226 243 220 231 11 5.7 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.0 0.2

New Mexico

65 59 65 61 58 -3 7.1 6.3 7.0 6.6 6.2 -0.4

New York

532 446 441 461 468 7 5.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 0.1

North Carolina

354 330 316 341 329 -12 6.8 6.3 6.0 6.5 6.2 -0.3

North Dakota

31 28 26 29 29 0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.2 6.2 0.0

Ohio

410 351 314 352 363 11 6.9 5.9 5.3 5.9 6.0 0.1

Oklahoma

128 120 104 115 118 3 7.0 6.5 5.7 6.2 6.4 0.2

Oregon

139 105 111 114 118 4 6.6 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.5 0.1

Pennsylvania

385 350 342 386 401 15 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.9 6.1 0.2

Rhode Island

35 29 29 31 32 1 6.6 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.1 0.2

South Carolina

170 168 168 170 172 2 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 0.0

South Dakota

29 28 25 30 29 -1 6.0 5.7 5.2 6.1 5.8 -0.3

Tennessee

260 225 189 235 309 74 7.4 6.3 5.4 6.6 8.5 1.9

Texas

995 782 774 809 811 2 6.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.5 0.0

Utah

119 95 105 121 106 -15 6.6 5.2 5.7 6.5 5.8 -0.7

Vermont

23 19 18 18 20 2 7.0 5.9 5.6 5.6 6.1 0.5

Virginia

338 290 243 264 263 -1 7.6 6.5 5.5 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Washington

217 168 189 184 171 -13 5.8 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.5 -0.3

West Virginia

60 53 52 53 56 3 7.9 7.0 6.9 7.0 7.3 0.3

Wisconsin

203 162 165 211 223 12 6.4 5.1 5.2 6.6 6.9 0.3

Wyoming

22 18 19 19 20 1 7.2 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.4 0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,226 5,940 5,822 5,850 5,871 21 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0


Alabama

110 96 97 94 92 -2 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Alaska

21 20 16 19 17 -2 6.6 6.2 4.9 5.8 5.2 -0.6

Arizona

149 135 127 130 129 -1 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.0

Arkansas

59 63 59 59 57 -2 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 -0.1

California

600 617 620 528 546 18 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.0 0.1

Colorado

119 112 87 100 121 21 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.4 4.1 0.7

Connecticut

58 52 61 62 59 -3 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Delaware

25 24 26 24 24 0 5.3 4.9 5.4 5.0 4.9 -0.1

District of Columbia

22 25 26 24 24 0 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.1 0.0

Florida

409 377 388 390 426 36 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.3 0.3

Georgia

252 218 236 224 201 -23 5.2 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.1 -0.4

Hawaii

25 21 21 22 21 -1 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Idaho

47 37 38 33 37 4 5.6 4.3 4.5 3.9 4.3 0.4

Illinois

258 239 210 222 201 -21 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Indiana

138 123 138 125 120 -5 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Iowa

55 55 53 54 52 -2 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Kansas

55 52 56 54 50 -4 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Kentucky

102 85 82 96 98 2 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.8 0.1

Louisiana

92 115 111 103 103 0 4.8 5.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 0.0

Maine

25 24 23 26 26 0 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.0 4.0 0.0

Maryland

106 104 109 105 108 3 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.1

Massachusetts

130 121 120 127 127 0 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 0.0

Michigan

168 155 166 153 140 -13 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Minnesota

110 102 105 95 111 16 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.7 0.5

Mississippi

55 57 57 49 52 3 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.4 0.2

Missouri

112 102 99 100 113 13 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.8 0.4

Montana

30 28 25 24 25 1 5.8 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.8 0.2

Nebraska

40 40 38 38 40 2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8 0.2

Nevada

76 65 64 58 61 3 5.0 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.9 0.2

New Hampshire

31 25 29 30 30 0 4.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 0.0

New Jersey

152 168 146 170 162 -8 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.7 -0.2

New Mexico

39 34 39 33 34 1 4.6 3.9 4.5 3.8 3.9 0.1

New York

295 282 287 282 274 -8 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 -0.1

North Carolina

218 204 183 202 192 -10 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.9 -0.2

North Dakota

19 19 17 17 19 2 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.9 4.3 0.4

Ohio

205 200 189 214 240 26 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.8 4.2 0.4

Oklahoma

87 78 85 81 84 3 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.7 4.8 0.1

Oregon

94 77 70 73 74 1 4.8 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 0.1

Pennsylvania

188 181 177 203 230 27 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.7 0.4

Rhode Island

20 19 19 21 21 0 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 0.0

South Carolina

111 112 100 107 99 -8 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.3 -0.3

South Dakota

19 20 18 18 18 0 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0

Tennessee

162 154 158 150 158 8 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.7 0.2

Texas

582 572 526 625 557 -68 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Utah

85 68 64 59 67 8 5.0 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.9 0.5

Vermont

13 12 11 13 13 0 4.3 3.9 3.6 4.2 4.2 0.0

Virginia

168 177 179 154 163 9 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.9 0.2

Washington

133 119 123 111 109 -2 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.0 -0.1

West Virginia

35 33 36 33 34 1 5.0 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.8 0.1

Wisconsin

109 108 100 109 97 -12 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.2 -0.4

Wyoming

16 13 13 12 13 1 5.6 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

5,810 5,691 5,638 5,687 5,530 -157 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1


Alabama

87 87 101 95 84 -11 4.1 4.0 4.7 4.4 3.9 -0.5

Alaska

22 16 20 25 18 -7 6.9 4.9 6.1 7.6 5.5 -2.1

Arizona

139 160 131 135 132 -3 4.5 5.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Arkansas

56 54 56 56 55 -1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

California

583 518 496 457 506 49 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8 0.3

Colorado

119 110 106 120 99 -21 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.4 -0.7

Connecticut

52 56 60 48 49 1 3.1 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.9 0.1

Delaware

23 23 23 22 24 2 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.9 0.4

District of Columbia

26 25 25 24 24 0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 0.0

Florida

354 412 363 348 389 41 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.6 4.0 0.4

Georgia

237 191 203 201 198 -3 4.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Hawaii

23 19 21 22 23 1 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.6 0.1

Idaho

40 35 39 42 41 -1 4.8 4.1 4.6 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Illinois

253 216 186 231 186 -45 4.2 3.5 3.0 3.8 3.0 -0.8

Indiana

126 131 132 127 127 0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 0.0

Iowa

59 59 60 67 54 -13 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.4 -0.8

Kansas

52 65 49 57 52 -5 3.6 4.5 3.4 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Kentucky

91 84 85 84 87 3 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 0.2

Louisiana

83 92 86 102 100 -2 4.3 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.1 -0.1

Maine

23 22 22 20 24 4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.7 0.6

Maryland

105 95 103 107 107 0 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.0

Massachusetts

107 103 97 83 85 2 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.2 0.0

Michigan

166 154 152 153 148 -5 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Minnesota

111 111 110 111 114 3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.1

Mississippi

54 51 60 53 50 -3 4.6 4.3 5.1 4.5 4.3 -0.2

Missouri

102 98 102 114 111 -3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Montana

28 27 29 28 29 1 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.6 0.2

Nebraska

37 37 38 46 38 -8 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.4 3.6 -0.8

Nevada

60 65 64 65 59 -6 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.8 -0.4

New Hampshire

29 31 30 25 27 2 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.6 3.8 0.2

New Jersey

152 128 153 118 127 9 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.9 0.2

New Mexico

35 36 37 34 34 0 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.9 0.0

New York

293 256 250 257 259 2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 0.1

North Carolina

201 198 202 222 191 -31 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 3.9 -0.6

North Dakota

18 20 18 22 19 -3 4.2 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.3 -0.7

Ohio

217 200 213 221 204 -17 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Oklahoma

77 76 74 71 72 1 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 0.0

Oregon

78 73 76 79 76 -3 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Pennsylvania

164 203 182 172 180 8 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.9 0.1

Rhode Island

20 17 20 17 20 3 4.0 3.4 4.1 3.4 4.0 0.6

South Carolina

101 96 100 109 109 0 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 0.0

South Dakota

18 19 20 20 19 -1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Tennessee

152 133 143 142 143 1 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0

Texas

512 571 541 574 533 -41 3.8 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Utah

71 70 75 81 70 -11 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.1 -0.6

Vermont

12 12 13 12 12 0 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 0.0

Virginia

158 164 175 158 145 -13 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Washington

123 114 136 136 121 -15 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.3 -0.4

West Virginia

33 37 35 35 35 0 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Wisconsin

112 103 111 121 107 -14 3.8 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.5 -0.5

Wyoming

14 15 15 16 15 -1 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.1 -0.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,065 3,802 3,619 3,663 3,661 -2 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0


Alabama

68 62 63 65 55 -10 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Alaska

15 11 11 13 11 -2 4.7 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.4 -0.6

Arizona

98 104 94 86 92 6 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.9 0.2

Arkansas

41 37 37 39 37 -2 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 -0.2

California

381 340 312 275 312 37 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.2

Colorado

80 75 67 88 66 -22 2.8 2.6 2.3 3.0 2.3 -0.7

Connecticut

37 33 33 23 31 8 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.4

Delaware

17 16 15 15 16 1 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.3 0.2

District of Columbia

19 18 16 16 15 -1 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Florida

261 297 273 239 281 42 2.7 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.9 0.5

Georgia

188 128 143 133 138 5 3.9 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 0.1

Hawaii

16 12 12 14 13 -1 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Idaho

28 24 25 26 27 1 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 0.1

Illinois

172 149 112 118 127 9 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.2

Indiana

86 89 84 88 83 -5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 -0.2

Iowa

44 36 38 44 35 -9 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.2 -0.6

Kansas

38 44 31 38 34 -4 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.3 -0.3

Kentucky

69 56 59 59 61 2 3.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 0.1

Louisiana

60 62 58 72 66 -6 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.7 3.3 -0.4

Maine

16 13 11 11 14 3 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.2 0.5

Maryland

78 64 62 71 72 1 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 0.0

Massachusetts

75 58 48 46 57 11 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.3

Michigan

108 105 92 92 93 1 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.0

Minnesota

80 74 70 68 68 0 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Mississippi

39 36 37 37 34 -3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Missouri

70 62 66 75 69 -6 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3 -0.2

Montana

20 18 16 17 18 1 3.9 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.2

Nebraska

25 24 24 30 24 -6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.9 2.3 -0.6

Nevada

45 45 41 42 40 -2 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 -0.1

New Hampshire

18 19 15 13 16 3 2.6 2.7 2.1 1.9 2.3 0.4

New Jersey

96 68 90 70 85 15 2.2 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.0 0.4

New Mexico

23 25 21 22 23 1 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.1

New York

168 141 138 127 147 20 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.2

North Carolina

147 143 135 141 130 -11 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6 -0.3

North Dakota

12 13 11 14 12 -2 2.8 3.0 2.5 3.2 2.7 -0.5

Ohio

137 132 137 150 122 -28 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.2 -0.5

Oklahoma

58 55 50 46 47 1 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 0.0

Oregon

56 49 46 48 48 0 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.0

Pennsylvania

119 126 122 112 123 11 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.0 0.2

Rhode Island

13 10 9 9 11 2 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.4

South Carolina

77 69 69 76 74 -2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 -0.1

South Dakota

13 13 12 13 12 -1 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 -0.2

Tennessee

117 94 95 101 97 -4 3.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Texas

369 411 373 425 396 -29 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Utah

51 46 49 56 46 -10 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.7 -0.5

Vermont

8 7 7 7 7 0 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.0

Virginia

114 111 109 108 100 -8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Washington

83 73 81 76 73 -3 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

West Virginia

24 24 23 24 23 -1 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Wisconsin

80 71 69 73 72 -1 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.0

Wyoming

10 10 9 10 10 0 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4 0.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)
Sept.
2022
June
2023
July
2023
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Change from:
Aug. 2023 -
Sept. 2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,436 1,551 1,681 1,682 1,517 -165 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1


Alabama

15 20 34 24 24 0 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.0

Alaska

6 5 7 10 5 -5 1.9 1.5 2.1 3.1 1.5 -1.6

Arizona

33 51 30 43 31 -12 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Arkansas

12 14 16 14 16 2 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.2

California

168 148 164 150 147 -3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Colorado

30 31 34 27 25 -2 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0

Connecticut

12 16 23 20 12 -8 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 -0.5

Delaware

5 6 7 6 7 1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.2

District of Columbia

5 6 7 6 7 1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.1

Florida

81 96 74 80 89 9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1

Georgia

38 50 51 57 47 -10 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Hawaii

5 6 6 6 6 0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.0

Idaho

10 10 11 12 10 -2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 -0.2

Illinois

70 55 63 103 50 -53 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.8 -0.9

Indiana

33 34 42 35 33 -2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Iowa

12 19 18 20 16 -4 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 -0.3

Kansas

12 17 14 18 15 -3 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Kentucky

18 24 22 20 22 2 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.1

Louisiana

18 24 24 25 28 3 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.1

Maine

6 7 9 6 6 0 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.0

Maryland

21 25 34 28 28 0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0

Massachusetts

26 35 44 25 20 -5 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2

Michigan

51 38 51 56 48 -8 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Minnesota

26 31 31 39 40 1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.0

Mississippi

13 12 20 13 13 0 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.0

Missouri

28 28 28 33 35 2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.1

Montana

6 8 9 9 8 -1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Nebraska

10 10 11 14 12 -2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Nevada

11 18 18 19 15 -4 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 -0.2

New Hampshire

9 9 13 9 8 -1 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 -0.2

New Jersey

47 47 55 35 32 -3 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 -0.1

New Mexico

9 10 12 10 8 -2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 -0.2

New York

108 91 99 112 95 -17 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 -0.2

North Carolina

44 44 51 68 55 -13 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.1 -0.3

North Dakota

5 5 6 7 6 -1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 -0.2

Ohio

71 56 65 65 71 6 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1

Oklahoma

16 18 19 21 21 0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.0

Oregon

17 22 23 24 20 -4 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Pennsylvania

34 55 52 48 46 -2 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 -0.1

Rhode Island

5 6 9 7 6 -1 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 -0.2

South Carolina

20 22 27 28 31 3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.1

South Dakota

5 5 6 6 6 0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.0

Tennessee

29 32 43 34 40 6 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.2

Texas

117 141 119 126 116 -10 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Utah

16 22 22 21 19 -2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Vermont

3 3 5 3 3 0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.0

Virginia

33 46 57 40 40 0 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.0

Washington

31 35 46 45 35 -10 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.2

West Virginia

7 10 10 9 10 1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.1

Wisconsin

25 25 33 42 30 -12 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 -0.4

Wyoming

3 5 4 5 4 -1 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.4 -0.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

10,901 9,523 9,639 6.6 5.7 5.8


Alabama

155 137 145 6.8 6.0 6.3

Alaska

23 36 21 6.5 9.5 6.0

Arizona

233 213 199 7.0 6.3 5.9

Arkansas

107 96 97 7.4 6.6 6.6

California

1,221 973 922 6.4 5.1 4.9

Colorado

191 198 184 6.2 6.3 5.9

Connecticut

131 94 101 7.3 5.3 5.6

Delaware

35 28 33 6.8 5.4 6.3

District of Columbia

47 34 45 5.8 4.2 5.5

Florida

629 606 600 6.2 5.9 5.8

Georgia

403 323 354 7.7 6.2 6.7

Hawaii

37 36 32 5.6 5.4 4.8

Idaho

60 50 52 6.7 5.5 5.7

Illinois

434 415 382 6.6 6.3 5.8

Indiana

205 171 175 6.0 5.0 5.1

Iowa

122 82 88 7.2 4.9 5.2

Kansas

103 89 85 6.7 5.8 5.6

Kentucky

158 132 135 7.4 6.1 6.2

Louisiana

140 144 144 6.8 6.9 6.8

Maine

41 40 42 5.9 5.7 5.9

Maryland

202 157 183 6.9 5.4 6.2

Massachusetts

280 250 219 7.0 6.2 5.5

Michigan

338 246 269 7.1 5.2 5.7

Minnesota

209 196 204 6.6 6.1 6.4

Mississippi

98 92 89 7.7 7.3 7.1

Missouri

213 184 182 6.7 5.8 5.7

Montana

41 35 37 7.3 6.2 6.6

Nebraska

69 61 62 6.2 5.5 5.6

Nevada

100 96 102 6.2 5.8 6.1

New Hampshire

49 44 42 6.6 5.8 5.6

New Jersey

266 214 240 5.9 4.7 5.2

New Mexico

66 72 58 7.2 7.7 6.3

New York

523 469 471 5.2 4.6 4.6

North Carolina

355 338 325 6.8 6.4 6.2

North Dakota

33 29 31 7.1 6.2 6.5

Ohio

397 350 357 6.7 5.8 5.9

Oklahoma

140 117 129 7.5 6.4 6.9

Oregon

149 114 129 7.0 5.4 6.0

Pennsylvania

367 376 393 5.7 5.8 6.0

Rhode Island

36 33 33 6.7 6.2 6.2

South Carolina

166 161 168 6.8 6.5 6.8

South Dakota

29 31 29 6.0 6.2 5.8

Tennessee

257 244 311 7.3 6.9 8.5

Texas

1,032 855 844 7.1 5.8 5.7

Utah

119 123 106 6.5 6.7 5.8

Vermont

19 17 17 5.9 5.3 5.3

Virginia

356 254 278 8.0 5.8 6.3

Washington

216 184 171 5.7 4.8 4.5

West Virginia

70 53 66 9.1 7.0 8.5

Wisconsin

212 211 238 6.6 6.5 7.3

Wyoming

21 19 19 6.7 5.9 6.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,290 6,621 5,890 4.1 4.2 3.8


Alabama

115 106 95 5.4 4.9 4.4

Alaska

17 22 13 5.0 6.3 4.0

Arizona

155 164 130 5.0 5.2 4.1

Arkansas

67 80 63 4.9 5.9 4.6

California

597 609 536 3.4 3.4 3.0

Colorado

109 106 111 3.8 3.6 3.8

Connecticut

60 66 62 3.6 3.9 3.6

Delaware

23 22 21 4.8 4.5 4.4

District of Columbia

26 23 28 3.4 3.0 3.5

Florida

406 448 434 4.3 4.6 4.4

Georgia

248 263 196 5.1 5.3 4.0

Hawaii

26 24 22 4.1 3.9 3.4

Idaho

48 34 38 5.8 3.9 4.4

Illinois

254 251 190 4.2 4.1 3.1

Indiana

136 150 114 4.2 4.6 3.5

Iowa

58 55 54 3.7 3.5 3.4

Kansas

55 66 48 3.8 4.6 3.3

Kentucky

105 126 102 5.3 6.2 5.0

Louisiana

89 120 100 4.6 6.1 5.1

Maine

21 24 23 3.3 3.7 3.5

Maryland

105 95 105 3.8 3.4 3.8

Massachusetts

149 126 148 4.0 3.3 3.9

Michigan

170 165 137 3.9 3.7 3.1

Minnesota

103 107 106 3.5 3.5 3.5

Mississippi

56 65 52 4.8 5.6 4.4

Missouri

116 114 119 3.9 3.8 4.0

Montana

30 25 25 5.8 4.8 4.7

Nebraska

38 43 38 3.7 4.1 3.6

Nevada

80 70 64 5.3 4.5 4.1

New Hampshire

27 33 26 3.8 4.7 3.8

New Jersey

172 165 184 4.0 3.8 4.2

New Mexico

38 45 32 4.4 5.2 3.7

New York

313 290 290 3.3 3.0 3.0

North Carolina

213 232 184 4.4 4.7 3.7

North Dakota

21 19 20 4.8 4.5 4.6

Ohio

204 244 245 3.7 4.3 4.3

Oklahoma

93 97 91 5.4 5.6 5.2

Oregon

108 77 85 5.5 3.9 4.2

Pennsylvania

181 221 230 3.0 3.6 3.7

Rhode Island

21 22 21 4.1 4.3 4.3

South Carolina

108 120 93 4.8 5.2 4.0

South Dakota

18 22 18 4.0 4.6 3.7

Tennessee

154 174 151 4.7 5.3 4.5

Texas

591 747 550 4.4 5.4 3.9

Utah

86 67 71 5.1 3.9 4.1

Vermont

11 12 10 3.5 4.0 3.4

Virginia

164 178 157 4.0 4.3 3.8

Washington

143 119 114 4.0 3.3 3.1

West Virginia

39 38 39 5.6 5.3 5.4

Wisconsin

109 117 90 3.7 3.9 3.0

Wyoming

15 13 12 5.1 4.2 4.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

6,078 6,769 5,750 4.0 4.3 3.7


Alabama

92 114 87 4.4 5.3 4.0

Alaska

31 36 26 9.4 10.4 7.6

Arizona

120 142 113 3.9 4.5 3.6

Arkansas

53 63 51 3.9 4.7 3.8

California

586 539 504 3.3 3.0 2.8

Colorado

137 155 113 4.8 5.3 3.9

Connecticut

59 63 56 3.5 3.7 3.3

Delaware

27 25 28 5.7 5.2 5.8

District of Columbia

26 31 23 3.4 3.9 3.0

Florida

340 384 369 3.6 3.9 3.8

Georgia

242 223 196 5.0 4.5 4.0

Hawaii

24 30 25 3.9 4.8 3.9

Idaho

47 53 49 5.6 6.1 5.6

Illinois

262 257 195 4.3 4.2 3.2

Indiana

126 155 123 3.9 4.7 3.8

Iowa

64 87 57 4.1 5.5 3.6

Kansas

54 74 53 3.8 5.1 3.6

Kentucky

88 99 85 4.4 4.9 4.2

Louisiana

84 114 104 4.4 5.8 5.3

Maine

30 24 32 4.6 3.6 4.9

Maryland

115 132 116 4.2 4.8 4.2

Massachusetts

144 113 120 3.9 3.0 3.2

Michigan

183 172 161 4.2 3.9 3.6

Minnesota

119 126 123 4.0 4.2 4.1

Mississippi

53 65 47 4.5 5.6 4.0

Missouri

106 137 115 3.6 4.6 3.8

Montana

34 35 36 6.6 6.6 6.8

Nebraska

37 53 38 3.6 5.1 3.7

Nevada

59 75 56 3.9 4.9 3.6

New Hampshire

35 29 34 5.0 4.2 4.8

New Jersey

195 138 165 4.6 3.2 3.8

New Mexico

34 46 33 4.0 5.2 3.8

New York

315 341 287 3.3 3.5 3.0

North Carolina

206 266 193 4.3 5.4 3.9

North Dakota

18 26 19 4.1 6.0 4.2

Ohio

228 264 217 4.1 4.7 3.8

Oklahoma

74 84 68 4.3 4.9 3.9

Oregon

83 102 79 4.2 5.1 4.0

Pennsylvania

162 205 180 2.7 3.3 2.9

Rhode Island

22 21 23 4.4 4.1 4.5

South Carolina

103 122 114 4.5 5.3 4.9

South Dakota

23 26 24 5.1 5.5 5.2

Tennessee

153 158 145 4.6 4.8 4.3

Texas

529 697 543 3.9 5.0 3.9

Utah

76 105 73 4.5 6.1 4.2

Vermont

13 13 13 4.4 4.4 4.3

Virginia

170 185 154 4.1 4.5 3.7

Washington

124 162 121 3.5 4.4 3.3

West Virginia

31 41 33 4.4 5.8 4.6

Wisconsin

121 144 115 4.0 4.8 3.8

Wyoming

18 22 17 6.0 7.2 5.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

4,284 4,542 3,863 2.8 2.9 2.5


Alabama

72 82 56 3.4 3.8 2.6

Alaska

20 20 16 6.2 5.7 4.8

Arizona

89 90 81 2.9 2.9 2.6

Arkansas

39 46 34 2.9 3.4 2.5

California

398 327 328 2.2 1.8 1.8

Colorado

95 110 79 3.3 3.8 2.7

Connecticut

38 34 32 2.3 2.0 1.9

Delaware

21 18 19 4.4 3.8 3.9

District of Columbia

19 22 15 2.5 2.8 2.0

Florida

251 265 271 2.7 2.7 2.8

Georgia

190 158 140 3.9 3.2 2.8

Hawaii

17 19 15 2.8 3.0 2.4

Idaho

34 35 34 4.1 4.0 4.0

Illinois

183 154 138 3.0 2.5 2.2

Indiana

85 108 80 2.7 3.3 2.4

Iowa

46 59 36 2.9 3.7 2.2

Kansas

38 49 34 2.7 3.4 2.3

Kentucky

68 74 60 3.4 3.7 2.9

Louisiana

61 85 67 3.2 4.3 3.4

Maine

20 14 19 3.1 2.2 2.9

Maryland

84 92 78 3.1 3.3 2.8

Massachusetts

93 64 76 2.5 1.7 2.0

Michigan

119 116 103 2.7 2.6 2.3

Minnesota

88 80 75 3.0 2.6 2.5

Mississippi

37 47 32 3.2 4.1 2.7

Missouri

74 91 73 2.5 3.0 2.4

Montana

25 21 24 4.8 4.1 4.6

Nebraska

26 36 25 2.5 3.5 2.4

Nevada

45 51 38 3.0 3.3 2.4

New Hampshire

22 16 20 3.2 2.3 2.8

New Jersey

121 84 109 2.8 1.9 2.5

New Mexico

23 29 23 2.7 3.3 2.6

New York

171 182 154 1.8 1.9 1.6

North Carolina

152 172 134 3.2 3.5 2.7

North Dakota

12 17 12 2.8 4.0 2.8

Ohio

153 186 136 2.7 3.3 2.4

Oklahoma

57 57 46 3.3 3.3 2.7

Oregon

63 62 55 3.2 3.1 2.7

Pennsylvania

119 146 125 2.0 2.4 2.0

Rhode Island

15 12 13 2.9 2.4 2.6

South Carolina

80 88 79 3.6 3.8 3.4

South Dakota

16 17 16 3.6 3.7 3.4

Tennessee

120 117 100 3.6 3.6 3.0

Texas

384 547 408 2.8 3.9 2.9

Utah

58 77 50 3.4 4.4 2.9

Vermont

9 8 8 2.8 2.7 2.5

Virginia

121 131 106 2.9 3.2 2.6

Washington

88 93 77 2.5 2.6 2.1

West Virginia

23 30 21 3.3 4.2 3.0

Wisconsin

88 90 80 2.9 3.0 2.7

Wyoming

13 14 12 4.4 4.6 4.1

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted
State Levels (in thousands) Rates
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)
Sept.
2022
Aug.
2023
Sept.
2023(p)

TOTAL U.S.

1,491 1,837 1,542 1.0 1.2 1.0


Alabama

16 26 25 0.8 1.2 1.2

Alaska

9 13 7 2.7 3.9 2.2

Arizona

25 46 23 0.8 1.5 0.7

Arkansas

11 14 14 0.8 1.0 1.1

California

155 181 133 0.9 1.0 0.7

Colorado

33 38 25 1.1 1.3 0.9

Connecticut

17 24 18 1.0 1.4 1.0

Delaware

6 6 8 1.2 1.2 1.7

District of Columbia

5 6 6 0.7 0.8 0.8

Florida

78 78 85 0.8 0.8 0.9

Georgia

40 54 42 0.8 1.1 0.9

Hawaii

5 9 6 0.8 1.4 1.0

Idaho

11 14 11 1.3 1.6 1.2

Illinois

69 93 48 1.1 1.5 0.8

Indiana

34 43 32 1.0 1.3 1.0

Iowa

15 25 18 0.9 1.6 1.2

Kansas

13 22 15 0.9 1.5 1.1

Kentucky

17 20 21 0.9 1.0 1.0

Louisiana

18 24 32 1.0 1.2 1.6

Maine

9 7 9 1.3 1.0 1.4

Maryland

26 29 33 0.9 1.0 1.2

Massachusetts

44 34 33 1.2 0.9 0.9

Michigan

55 50 51 1.3 1.1 1.2

Minnesota

25 42 42 0.9 1.4 1.4

Mississippi

14 15 13 1.2 1.2 1.1

Missouri

28 40 35 0.9 1.3 1.2

Montana

8 11 8 1.5 2.1 1.6

Nebraska

9 14 11 0.9 1.4 1.1

Nevada

11 21 14 0.8 1.4 0.9

New Hampshire

11 9 10 1.6 1.2 1.5

New Jersey

63 38 41 1.5 0.9 0.9

New Mexico

9 14 7 1.0 1.6 0.8

New York

124 139 116 1.3 1.4 1.2

North Carolina

44 77 53 0.9 1.6 1.1

North Dakota

5 7 5 1.1 1.7 1.1

Ohio

66 70 69 1.2 1.2 1.2

Oklahoma

14 22 19 0.8 1.3 1.1

Oregon

16 32 17 0.8 1.6 0.9

Pennsylvania

35 43 44 0.6 0.7 0.7

Rhode Island

6 7 7 1.3 1.3 1.4

South Carolina

19 29 32 0.8 1.3 1.4

South Dakota

6 7 7 1.3 1.6 1.5

Tennessee

27 34 39 0.8 1.0 1.2

Texas

119 123 115 0.9 0.9 0.8

Utah

15 23 17 0.9 1.4 1.0

Vermont

4 4 4 1.3 1.2 1.3

Virginia

39 43 43 0.9 1.0 1.0

Washington

29 55 32 0.8 1.5 0.9

West Virginia

7 9 9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Wisconsin

25 47 29 0.8 1.6 1.0

Wyoming

4 6 4 1.3 2.1 1.2

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: November 20, 2023