State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, November 20, 2023	USDL-23-2472
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		      STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2023

Job openings rates decreased in 3 states and increased in 1 state on the last business day of September, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates decreased in 1 state and increased in 1 
state. Total separations rates decreased in 6 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total 
separations rates showed little or no change in September. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. 

Job Openings

In September, job openings rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little changed in 
46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases in job openings rates occurred in Alaska  
(-1.3 percentage points), Utah (-0.7 point), and Illinois (-0.6 point). The increase occurred in Tennessee 
(+1.9 points). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings decreased in 4 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 
states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the job openings level 
occurred in Illinois (-44,000), Massachusetts (-22,000), and Utah (-15,000). The increase occurred in 
Tennessee (+74,000). Nationally, the number of job openings changed little over the month.
(See table 1.)

Hires

In September, hires rates increased in 1 state, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 48 states 
and the District of Columbia. The hires rate increased in Colorado (+0.7 percentage point) and decreased 
in Texas (-0.5 point). The national hires rate was unchanged over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 45 states and 
the District of Columbia in September. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania 
(+27,000), Ohio (+26,000), and Colorado (+21,000). The decrease occurred in Texas (-68,000). 
Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In September, total separations rates decreased in 6 states and were little changed in 44 states and the 
District of Columbia. The largest decreases in total separations rates occurred in Alaska  
(-2.1 percentage points) and in Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska (-0.8 point each). Over the month, the 
national total separations rate changed little. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations decreased in 6 states, increased in 1 state, and was little changed in 43 
states and the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases occurred in Illinois (-45,000), 
North Carolina (-31,000), and Colorado (-21,000). The increase in the total separations level occurred in 
Florida (+41,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. 
(See table 3.)
 
Quits

In September, quits rates decreased in 5 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 43 states 
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in quits rates occurred in Colorado 
(-0.7 percentage point) and in Iowa and Nebraska (-0.6 point each). The increases occurred in Florida 
(+0.5 point) and in New Jersey (+0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was unchanged. 
(See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 7 states, increased in 4 states, and was little changed in 39 states and 
the District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Ohio 
(-28,000) and Colorado (-22,000), as well as in Alabama and Utah (-10,000 each). The largest increases 
occurred in Florida (+42,000), New York (+20,000), and New Jersey (+15,000). Nationally, the number 
of quits changed little over the month. (See table 4.)
 
Layoffs and Discharges 

In September, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 5 states and were little changed in 45 states 
and the District of Columbia. The largest decreases in layoffs and discharges rates occurred in Alaska  
(-1.6 percentage points), Illinois (-0.9 point), and Connecticut (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national 
layoffs and discharges rate changed little. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 5 states and was little changed in 45 states and the 
District of Columbia in September. The largest decreases in the layoffs and discharges level occurred in 
Illinois (-53,000) and in Arizona and Wisconsin (-12,000 each). Nationally, the number of layoffs and 
discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)


For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.  
	
_______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Friday, December 15, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and 
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state, 
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023, 
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting 
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on 
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies; 
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low, 
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not 
published for states. 

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and 
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state 
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based 
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished 
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model 
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model 
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional 
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model 
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from 
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic 
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate 
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used 
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time 
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the 
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite 
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional 
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample 
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a 
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates 
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of 
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small 
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research 
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates. 
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using 
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells 
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in 
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of 
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published 
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust 
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and 
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal 
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well 
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS 
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a 
historical annually revised benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the 
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the 
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published 
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error 
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey's design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A 
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area 
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the 
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional 
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated, 
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution. 
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,854	9,165	8,920	9,497	9,553	56	6.6	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.7	0.0
Alabama	153	138	129	137	143	6	6.7	6.0	5.6	6.0	6.2	0.2
Alaska	29	26	24	32	27	-5	8.3	7.4	6.9	8.9	7.6	-1.3
Arizona	236	184	199	192	198	6	7.0	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.9	0.2
Arkansas	99	91	84	90	90	0	6.9	6.3	5.8	6.2	6.2	0.0
California	1,200	926	975	961	911	-50	6.3	4.9	5.1	5.0	4.8	-0.2
Colorado	206	181	191	197	197	0	6.7	5.9	6.2	6.3	6.3	0.0
Connecticut	136	90	91	96	103	7	7.5	5.1	5.1	5.4	5.7	0.3
Delaware	35	33	33	33	33	0	6.9	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.3	-0.1
District of Columbia	43	42	43	39	42	3	5.3	5.1	5.3	4.8	5.1	0.3
Florida	647	618	570	616	619	3	6.3	6.0	5.5	5.9	5.9	0.0
Georgia	406	340	323	333	354	21	7.7	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.7	0.4
Hawaii	37	31	33	35	32	-3	5.6	4.7	4.9	5.2	4.8	-0.4
Idaho	63	50	55	54	54	0	7.0	5.5	6.1	5.9	5.9	0.0
Illinois	433	363	349	428	384	-44	6.6	5.6	5.4	6.5	5.9	-0.6
Indiana	201	167	162	170	172	2	5.9	4.9	4.7	4.9	5.0	0.1
Iowa	115	85	75	90	85	-5	6.8	5.1	4.5	5.4	5.1	-0.3
Kansas	101	82	82	88	85	-3	6.6	5.4	5.4	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Kentucky	156	126	111	126	133	7	7.3	5.9	5.2	5.9	6.1	0.2
Louisiana	144	147	126	140	149	9	6.9	7.0	6.0	6.6	7.0	0.4
Maine	45	37	41	42	45	3	6.6	5.4	6.0	6.1	6.5	0.4
Maryland	202	197	165	180	184	4	6.9	6.7	5.7	6.1	6.2	0.1
Massachusetts	287	253	236	251	229	-22	7.2	6.3	5.9	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Michigan	321	239	216	242	242	0	6.8	5.1	4.6	5.2	5.2	0.0
Minnesota	210	199	192	203	206	3	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.4	6.4	0.0
Mississippi	91	85	80	82	83	1	7.2	6.8	6.4	6.6	6.6	0.0
Missouri	215	155	167	182	182	0	6.8	4.9	5.3	5.7	5.7	0.0
Montana	40	35	35	36	36	0	7.2	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.5	0.0
Nebraska	68	59	54	62	61	-1	6.2	5.3	4.9	5.6	5.5	-0.1
Nevada	101	92	92	97	101	4	6.3	5.6	5.6	5.9	6.1	0.2
New Hampshire	55	43	50	44	46	2	7.4	5.8	6.7	5.9	6.2	0.3
New Jersey	260	226	243	220	231	11	5.7	5.0	5.3	4.8	5.0	0.2
New Mexico	65	59	65	61	58	-3	7.1	6.3	7.0	6.6	6.2	-0.4
New York	532	446	441	461	468	7	5.3	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.6	0.1
North Carolina	354	330	316	341	329	-12	6.8	6.3	6.0	6.5	6.2	-0.3
North Dakota	31	28	26	29	29	0	6.7	6.0	5.6	6.2	6.2	0.0
Ohio	410	351	314	352	363	11	6.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0	0.1
Oklahoma	128	120	104	115	118	3	7.0	6.5	5.7	6.2	6.4	0.2
Oregon	139	105	111	114	118	4	6.6	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.5	0.1
Pennsylvania	385	350	342	386	401	15	6.0	5.4	5.3	5.9	6.1	0.2
Rhode Island	35	29	29	31	32	1	6.6	5.5	5.6	5.9	6.1	0.2
South Carolina	170	168	168	170	172	2	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.9	0.0
South Dakota	29	28	25	30	29	-1	6.0	5.7	5.2	6.1	5.8	-0.3
Tennessee	260	225	189	235	309	74	7.4	6.3	5.4	6.6	8.5	1.9
Texas	995	782	774	809	811	2	6.8	5.3	5.3	5.5	5.5	0.0
Utah	119	95	105	121	106	-15	6.6	5.2	5.7	6.5	5.8	-0.7
Vermont	23	19	18	18	20	2	7.0	5.9	5.6	5.6	6.1	0.5
Virginia	338	290	243	264	263	-1	7.6	6.5	5.5	6.0	5.9	-0.1
Washington	217	168	189	184	171	-13	5.8	4.4	4.9	4.8	4.5	-0.3
West Virginia	60	53	52	53	56	3	7.9	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.3	0.3
Wisconsin	203	162	165	211	223	12	6.4	5.1	5.2	6.6	6.9	0.3
Wyoming	22	18	19	19	20	1	7.2	5.8	6.1	6.1	6.4	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,226	5,940	5,822	5,850	5,871	21	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0
Alabama	110	96	97	94	92	-2	5.2	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Alaska	21	20	16	19	17	-2	6.6	6.2	4.9	5.8	5.2	-0.6
Arizona	149	135	127	130	129	-1	4.8	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.1	0.0
Arkansas	59	63	59	59	57	-2	4.4	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.2	-0.1
California	600	617	620	528	546	18	3.4	3.4	3.4	2.9	3.0	0.1
Colorado	119	112	87	100	121	21	4.1	3.9	3.0	3.4	4.1	0.7
Connecticut	58	52	61	62	59	-3	3.5	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Delaware	25	24	26	24	24	0	5.3	4.9	5.4	5.0	4.9	-0.1
District of Columbia	22	25	26	24	24	0	2.9	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.1	0.0
Florida	409	377	388	390	426	36	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.3	0.3
Georgia	252	218	236	224	201	-23	5.2	4.4	4.8	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Hawaii	25	21	21	22	21	-1	4.0	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.3	-0.2
Idaho	47	37	38	33	37	4	5.6	4.3	4.5	3.9	4.3	0.4
Illinois	258	239	210	222	201	-21	4.2	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Indiana	138	123	138	125	120	-5	4.3	3.8	4.2	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Iowa	55	55	53	54	52	-2	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Kansas	55	52	56	54	50	-4	3.9	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Kentucky	102	85	82	96	98	2	5.1	4.2	4.1	4.7	4.8	0.1
Louisiana	92	115	111	103	103	0	4.8	5.9	5.7	5.2	5.2	0.0
Maine	25	24	23	26	26	0	3.9	3.7	3.6	4.0	4.0	0.0
Maryland	106	104	109	105	108	3	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.9	0.1
Massachusetts	130	121	120	127	127	0	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	0.0
Michigan	168	155	166	153	140	-13	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Minnesota	110	102	105	95	111	16	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.7	0.5
Mississippi	55	57	57	49	52	3	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.2	4.4	0.2
Missouri	112	102	99	100	113	13	3.8	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.8	0.4
Montana	30	28	25	24	25	1	5.8	5.4	4.8	4.6	4.8	0.2
Nebraska	40	40	38	38	40	2	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.8	0.2
Nevada	76	65	64	58	61	3	5.0	4.2	4.1	3.7	3.9	0.2
New Hampshire	31	25	29	30	30	0	4.5	3.6	4.2	4.3	4.3	0.0
New Jersey	152	168	146	170	162	-8	3.5	3.9	3.4	3.9	3.7	-0.2
New Mexico	39	34	39	33	34	1	4.6	3.9	4.5	3.8	3.9	0.1
New York	295	282	287	282	274	-8	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	-0.1
North Carolina	218	204	183	202	192	-10	4.5	4.2	3.7	4.1	3.9	-0.2
North Dakota	19	19	17	17	19	2	4.4	4.3	3.9	3.9	4.3	0.4
Ohio	205	200	189	214	240	26	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.8	4.2	0.4
Oklahoma	87	78	85	81	84	3	5.1	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.8	0.1
Oregon	94	77	70	73	74	1	4.8	3.9	3.5	3.6	3.7	0.1
Pennsylvania	188	181	177	203	230	27	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.3	3.7	0.4
Rhode Island	20	19	19	21	21	0	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.2	4.2	0.0
South Carolina	111	112	100	107	99	-8	4.9	4.9	4.3	4.6	4.3	-0.3
South Dakota	19	20	18	18	18	0	4.2	4.3	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0
Tennessee	162	154	158	150	158	8	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.7	0.2
Texas	582	572	526	625	557	-68	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.5	4.0	-0.5
Utah	85	68	64	59	67	8	5.0	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.9	0.5
Vermont	13	12	11	13	13	0	4.3	3.9	3.6	4.2	4.2	0.0
Virginia	168	177	179	154	163	9	4.1	4.3	4.3	3.7	3.9	0.2
Washington	133	119	123	111	109	-2	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.0	-0.1
West Virginia	35	33	36	33	34	1	5.0	4.7	5.1	4.7	4.8	0.1
Wisconsin	109	108	100	109	97	-12	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Wyoming	16	13	13	12	13	1	5.6	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.4	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,810	5,691	5,638	5,687	5,530	-157	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Alabama	87	87	101	95	84	-11	4.1	4.0	4.7	4.4	3.9	-0.5
Alaska	22	16	20	25	18	-7	6.9	4.9	6.1	7.6	5.5	-2.1
Arizona	139	160	131	135	132	-3	4.5	5.1	4.1	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Arkansas	56	54	56	56	55	-1	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	-0.1
California	583	518	496	457	506	49	3.3	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.8	0.3
Colorado	119	110	106	120	99	-21	4.1	3.8	3.6	4.1	3.4	-0.7
Connecticut	52	56	60	48	49	1	3.1	3.3	3.5	2.8	2.9	0.1
Delaware	23	23	23	22	24	2	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.5	4.9	0.4
District of Columbia	26	25	25	24	24	0	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	0.0
Florida	354	412	363	348	389	41	3.7	4.2	3.7	3.6	4.0	0.4
Georgia	237	191	203	201	198	-3	4.9	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Hawaii	23	19	21	22	23	1	3.7	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.6	0.1
Idaho	40	35	39	42	41	-1	4.8	4.1	4.6	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Illinois	253	216	186	231	186	-45	4.2	3.5	3.0	3.8	3.0	-0.8
Indiana	126	131	132	127	127	0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	0.0
Iowa	59	59	60	67	54	-13	3.7	3.7	3.8	4.2	3.4	-0.8
Kansas	52	65	49	57	52	-5	3.6	4.5	3.4	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Kentucky	91	84	85	84	87	3	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.3	0.2
Louisiana	83	92	86	102	100	-2	4.3	4.7	4.4	5.2	5.1	-0.1
Maine	23	22	22	20	24	4	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.7	0.6
Maryland	105	95	103	107	107	0	3.9	3.5	3.8	3.9	3.9	0.0
Massachusetts	107	103	97	83	85	2	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.2	0.0
Michigan	166	154	152	153	148	-5	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Minnesota	111	111	110	111	114	3	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Mississippi	54	51	60	53	50	-3	4.6	4.3	5.1	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Missouri	102	98	102	114	111	-3	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Montana	28	27	29	28	29	1	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.6	0.2
Nebraska	37	37	38	46	38	-8	3.6	3.5	3.6	4.4	3.6	-0.8
Nevada	60	65	64	65	59	-6	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.2	3.8	-0.4
New Hampshire	29	31	30	25	27	2	4.2	4.4	4.3	3.6	3.8	0.2
New Jersey	152	128	153	118	127	9	3.5	3.0	3.5	2.7	2.9	0.2
New Mexico	35	36	37	34	34	0	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.9	3.9	0.0
New York	293	256	250	257	259	2	3.1	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.7	0.1
North Carolina	201	198	202	222	191	-31	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.5	3.9	-0.6
North Dakota	18	20	18	22	19	-3	4.2	4.6	4.1	5.0	4.3	-0.7
Ohio	217	200	213	221	204	-17	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Oklahoma	77	76	74	71	72	1	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.1	0.0
Oregon	78	73	76	79	76	-3	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Pennsylvania	164	203	182	172	180	8	2.7	3.3	3.0	2.8	2.9	0.1
Rhode Island	20	17	20	17	20	3	4.0	3.4	4.1	3.4	4.0	0.6
South Carolina	101	96	100	109	109	0	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.7	4.7	0.0
South Dakota	18	19	20	20	19	-1	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Tennessee	152	133	143	142	143	1	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.3	0.0
Texas	512	571	541	574	533	-41	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Utah	71	70	75	81	70	-11	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.7	4.1	-0.6
Vermont	12	12	13	12	12	0	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.9	3.9	0.0
Virginia	158	164	175	158	145	-13	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8	3.5	-0.3
Washington	123	114	136	136	121	-15	3.5	3.1	3.7	3.7	3.3	-0.4
West Virginia	33	37	35	35	35	0	4.7	5.3	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0
Wisconsin	112	103	111	121	107	-14	3.8	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.5	-0.5
Wyoming	14	15	15	16	15	-1	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.5	5.1	-0.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,065	3,802	3,619	3,663	3,661	-2	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Alabama	68	62	63	65	55	-10	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.5	-0.5
Alaska	15	11	11	13	11	-2	4.7	3.4	3.4	4.0	3.4	-0.6
Arizona	98	104	94	86	92	6	3.1	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.9	0.2
Arkansas	41	37	37	39	37	-2	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.7	-0.2
California	381	340	312	275	312	37	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.7	0.2
Colorado	80	75	67	88	66	-22	2.8	2.6	2.3	3.0	2.3	-0.7
Connecticut	37	33	33	23	31	8	2.2	2.0	2.0	1.4	1.8	0.4
Delaware	17	16	15	15	16	1	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.3	0.2
District of Columbia	19	18	16	16	15	-1	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Florida	261	297	273	239	281	42	2.7	3.1	2.8	2.4	2.9	0.5
Georgia	188	128	143	133	138	5	3.9	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.8	0.1
Hawaii	16	12	12	14	13	-1	2.6	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Idaho	28	24	25	26	27	1	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.1	0.1
Illinois	172	149	112	118	127	9	2.8	2.4	1.8	1.9	2.1	0.2
Indiana	86	89	84	88	83	-5	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Iowa	44	36	38	44	35	-9	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.8	2.2	-0.6
Kansas	38	44	31	38	34	-4	2.7	3.0	2.1	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Kentucky	69	56	59	59	61	2	3.5	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0	0.1
Louisiana	60	62	58	72	66	-6	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Maine	16	13	11	11	14	3	2.5	2.0	1.7	1.7	2.2	0.5
Maryland	78	64	62	71	72	1	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.6	0.0
Massachusetts	75	58	48	46	57	11	2.0	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5	0.3
Michigan	108	105	92	92	93	1	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Minnesota	80	74	70	68	68	0	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Mississippi	39	36	37	37	34	-3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Missouri	70	62	66	75	69	-6	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Montana	20	18	16	17	18	1	3.9	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5	0.2
Nebraska	25	24	24	30	24	-6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.9	2.3	-0.6
Nevada	45	45	41	42	40	-2	3.0	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
New Hampshire	18	19	15	13	16	3	2.6	2.7	2.1	1.9	2.3	0.4
New Jersey	96	68	90	70	85	15	2.2	1.6	2.1	1.6	2.0	0.4
New Mexico	23	25	21	22	23	1	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.5	2.6	0.1
New York	168	141	138	127	147	20	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5	0.2
North Carolina	147	143	135	141	130	-11	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.6	-0.3
North Dakota	12	13	11	14	12	-2	2.8	3.0	2.5	3.2	2.7	-0.5
Ohio	137	132	137	150	122	-28	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.2	-0.5
Oklahoma	58	55	50	46	47	1	3.4	3.2	2.9	2.7	2.7	0.0
Oregon	56	49	46	48	48	0	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
Pennsylvania	119	126	122	112	123	11	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.0	0.2
Rhode Island	13	10	9	9	11	2	2.6	2.0	1.8	1.8	2.2	0.4
South Carolina	77	69	69	76	74	-2	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.2	-0.1
South Dakota	13	13	12	13	12	-1	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Tennessee	117	94	95	101	97	-4	3.6	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Texas	369	411	373	425	396	-29	2.7	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Utah	51	46	49	56	46	-10	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.2	2.7	-0.5
Vermont	8	7	7	7	7	0	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
Virginia	114	111	109	108	100	-8	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Washington	83	73	81	76	73	-3	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
West Virginia	24	24	23	24	23	-1	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Wisconsin	80	71	69	73	72	-1	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
Wyoming	10	10	9	10	10	0	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.4	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,436	1,551	1,681	1,682	1,517	-165	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Alabama	15	20	34	24	24	0	0.7	0.9	1.6	1.1	1.1	0.0
Alaska	6	5	7	10	5	-5	1.9	1.5	2.1	3.1	1.5	-1.6
Arizona	33	51	30	43	31	-12	1.1	1.6	1.0	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Arkansas	12	14	16	14	16	2	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.2
California	168	148	164	150	147	-3	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.0
Colorado	30	31	34	27	25	-2	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.0
Connecticut	12	16	23	20	12	-8	0.7	0.9	1.4	1.2	0.7	-0.5
Delaware	5	6	7	6	7	1	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.2
District of Columbia	5	6	7	6	7	1	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
Florida	81	96	74	80	89	9	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
Georgia	38	50	51	57	47	-10	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Hawaii	5	6	6	6	6	0	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
Idaho	10	10	11	12	10	-2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Illinois	70	55	63	103	50	-53	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.7	0.8	-0.9
Indiana	33	34	42	35	33	-2	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Iowa	12	19	18	20	16	-4	0.8	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Kansas	12	17	14	18	15	-3	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Kentucky	18	24	22	20	22	2	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Louisiana	18	24	24	25	28	3	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	0.1
Maine	6	7	9	6	6	0	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.9	0.9	0.0
Maryland	21	25	34	28	28	0	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Massachusetts	26	35	44	25	20	-5	0.7	0.9	1.2	0.7	0.5	-0.2
Michigan	51	38	51	56	48	-8	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Minnesota	26	31	31	39	40	1	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.3	0.0
Mississippi	13	12	20	13	13	0	1.1	1.0	1.7	1.1	1.1	0.0
Missouri	28	28	28	33	35	2	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.1
Montana	6	8	9	9	8	-1	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Nebraska	10	10	11	14	12	-2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Nevada	11	18	18	19	15	-4	0.7	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
New Hampshire	9	9	13	9	8	-1	1.3	1.3	1.9	1.3	1.1	-0.2
New Jersey	47	47	55	35	32	-3	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.8	0.7	-0.1
New Mexico	9	10	12	10	8	-2	1.1	1.1	1.4	1.1	0.9	-0.2
New York	108	91	99	112	95	-17	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.0	-0.2
North Carolina	44	44	51	68	55	-13	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.1	-0.3
North Dakota	5	5	6	7	6	-1	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Ohio	71	56	65	65	71	6	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
Oklahoma	16	18	19	21	21	0	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.0
Oregon	17	22	23	24	20	-4	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Pennsylvania	34	55	52	48	46	-2	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Rhode Island	5	6	9	7	6	-1	1.0	1.2	1.8	1.4	1.2	-0.2
South Carolina	20	22	27	28	31	3	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
South Dakota	5	5	6	6	6	0	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Tennessee	29	32	43	34	40	6	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.2
Texas	117	141	119	126	116	-10	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Utah	16	22	22	21	19	-2	0.9	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Vermont	3	3	5	3	3	0	1.0	1.0	1.6	1.0	1.0	0.0
Virginia	33	46	57	40	40	0	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.0
Washington	31	35	46	45	35	-10	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	-0.2
West Virginia	7	10	10	9	10	1	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	0.1
Wisconsin	25	25	33	42	30	-12	0.8	0.8	1.1	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Wyoming	3	5	4	5	4	-1	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	10,901	9,523	9,639	6.6	5.7	5.8
Alabama	155	137	145	6.8	6.0	6.3
Alaska	23	36	21	6.5	9.5	6.0
Arizona	233	213	199	7.0	6.3	5.9
Arkansas	107	96	97	7.4	6.6	6.6
California	1,221	973	922	6.4	5.1	4.9
Colorado	191	198	184	6.2	6.3	5.9
Connecticut	131	94	101	7.3	5.3	5.6
Delaware	35	28	33	6.8	5.4	6.3
District of Columbia	47	34	45	5.8	4.2	5.5
Florida	629	606	600	6.2	5.9	5.8
Georgia	403	323	354	7.7	6.2	6.7
Hawaii	37	36	32	5.6	5.4	4.8
Idaho	60	50	52	6.7	5.5	5.7
Illinois	434	415	382	6.6	6.3	5.8
Indiana	205	171	175	6.0	5.0	5.1
Iowa	122	82	88	7.2	4.9	5.2
Kansas	103	89	85	6.7	5.8	5.6
Kentucky	158	132	135	7.4	6.1	6.2
Louisiana	140	144	144	6.8	6.9	6.8
Maine	41	40	42	5.9	5.7	5.9
Maryland	202	157	183	6.9	5.4	6.2
Massachusetts	280	250	219	7.0	6.2	5.5
Michigan	338	246	269	7.1	5.2	5.7
Minnesota	209	196	204	6.6	6.1	6.4
Mississippi	98	92	89	7.7	7.3	7.1
Missouri	213	184	182	6.7	5.8	5.7
Montana	41	35	37	7.3	6.2	6.6
Nebraska	69	61	62	6.2	5.5	5.6
Nevada	100	96	102	6.2	5.8	6.1
New Hampshire	49	44	42	6.6	5.8	5.6
New Jersey	266	214	240	5.9	4.7	5.2
New Mexico	66	72	58	7.2	7.7	6.3
New York	523	469	471	5.2	4.6	4.6
North Carolina	355	338	325	6.8	6.4	6.2
North Dakota	33	29	31	7.1	6.2	6.5
Ohio	397	350	357	6.7	5.8	5.9
Oklahoma	140	117	129	7.5	6.4	6.9
Oregon	149	114	129	7.0	5.4	6.0
Pennsylvania	367	376	393	5.7	5.8	6.0
Rhode Island	36	33	33	6.7	6.2	6.2
South Carolina	166	161	168	6.8	6.5	6.8
South Dakota	29	31	29	6.0	6.2	5.8
Tennessee	257	244	311	7.3	6.9	8.5
Texas	1,032	855	844	7.1	5.8	5.7
Utah	119	123	106	6.5	6.7	5.8
Vermont	19	17	17	5.9	5.3	5.3
Virginia	356	254	278	8.0	5.8	6.3
Washington	216	184	171	5.7	4.8	4.5
West Virginia	70	53	66	9.1	7.0	8.5
Wisconsin	212	211	238	6.6	6.5	7.3
Wyoming	21	19	19	6.7	5.9	6.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,290	6,621	5,890	4.1	4.2	3.8
Alabama	115	106	95	5.4	4.9	4.4
Alaska	17	22	13	5.0	6.3	4.0
Arizona	155	164	130	5.0	5.2	4.1
Arkansas	67	80	63	4.9	5.9	4.6
California	597	609	536	3.4	3.4	3.0
Colorado	109	106	111	3.8	3.6	3.8
Connecticut	60	66	62	3.6	3.9	3.6
Delaware	23	22	21	4.8	4.5	4.4
District of Columbia	26	23	28	3.4	3.0	3.5
Florida	406	448	434	4.3	4.6	4.4
Georgia	248	263	196	5.1	5.3	4.0
Hawaii	26	24	22	4.1	3.9	3.4
Idaho	48	34	38	5.8	3.9	4.4
Illinois	254	251	190	4.2	4.1	3.1
Indiana	136	150	114	4.2	4.6	3.5
Iowa	58	55	54	3.7	3.5	3.4
Kansas	55	66	48	3.8	4.6	3.3
Kentucky	105	126	102	5.3	6.2	5.0
Louisiana	89	120	100	4.6	6.1	5.1
Maine	21	24	23	3.3	3.7	3.5
Maryland	105	95	105	3.8	3.4	3.8
Massachusetts	149	126	148	4.0	3.3	3.9
Michigan	170	165	137	3.9	3.7	3.1
Minnesota	103	107	106	3.5	3.5	3.5
Mississippi	56	65	52	4.8	5.6	4.4
Missouri	116	114	119	3.9	3.8	4.0
Montana	30	25	25	5.8	4.8	4.7
Nebraska	38	43	38	3.7	4.1	3.6
Nevada	80	70	64	5.3	4.5	4.1
New Hampshire	27	33	26	3.8	4.7	3.8
New Jersey	172	165	184	4.0	3.8	4.2
New Mexico	38	45	32	4.4	5.2	3.7
New York	313	290	290	3.3	3.0	3.0
North Carolina	213	232	184	4.4	4.7	3.7
North Dakota	21	19	20	4.8	4.5	4.6
Ohio	204	244	245	3.7	4.3	4.3
Oklahoma	93	97	91	5.4	5.6	5.2
Oregon	108	77	85	5.5	3.9	4.2
Pennsylvania	181	221	230	3.0	3.6	3.7
Rhode Island	21	22	21	4.1	4.3	4.3
South Carolina	108	120	93	4.8	5.2	4.0
South Dakota	18	22	18	4.0	4.6	3.7
Tennessee	154	174	151	4.7	5.3	4.5
Texas	591	747	550	4.4	5.4	3.9
Utah	86	67	71	5.1	3.9	4.1
Vermont	11	12	10	3.5	4.0	3.4
Virginia	164	178	157	4.0	4.3	3.8
Washington	143	119	114	4.0	3.3	3.1
West Virginia	39	38	39	5.6	5.3	5.4
Wisconsin	109	117	90	3.7	3.9	3.0
Wyoming	15	13	12	5.1	4.2	4.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,078	6,769	5,750	4.0	4.3	3.7
Alabama	92	114	87	4.4	5.3	4.0
Alaska	31	36	26	9.4	10.4	7.6
Arizona	120	142	113	3.9	4.5	3.6
Arkansas	53	63	51	3.9	4.7	3.8
California	586	539	504	3.3	3.0	2.8
Colorado	137	155	113	4.8	5.3	3.9
Connecticut	59	63	56	3.5	3.7	3.3
Delaware	27	25	28	5.7	5.2	5.8
District of Columbia	26	31	23	3.4	3.9	3.0
Florida	340	384	369	3.6	3.9	3.8
Georgia	242	223	196	5.0	4.5	4.0
Hawaii	24	30	25	3.9	4.8	3.9
Idaho	47	53	49	5.6	6.1	5.6
Illinois	262	257	195	4.3	4.2	3.2
Indiana	126	155	123	3.9	4.7	3.8
Iowa	64	87	57	4.1	5.5	3.6
Kansas	54	74	53	3.8	5.1	3.6
Kentucky	88	99	85	4.4	4.9	4.2
Louisiana	84	114	104	4.4	5.8	5.3
Maine	30	24	32	4.6	3.6	4.9
Maryland	115	132	116	4.2	4.8	4.2
Massachusetts	144	113	120	3.9	3.0	3.2
Michigan	183	172	161	4.2	3.9	3.6
Minnesota	119	126	123	4.0	4.2	4.1
Mississippi	53	65	47	4.5	5.6	4.0
Missouri	106	137	115	3.6	4.6	3.8
Montana	34	35	36	6.6	6.6	6.8
Nebraska	37	53	38	3.6	5.1	3.7
Nevada	59	75	56	3.9	4.9	3.6
New Hampshire	35	29	34	5.0	4.2	4.8
New Jersey	195	138	165	4.6	3.2	3.8
New Mexico	34	46	33	4.0	5.2	3.8
New York	315	341	287	3.3	3.5	3.0
North Carolina	206	266	193	4.3	5.4	3.9
North Dakota	18	26	19	4.1	6.0	4.2
Ohio	228	264	217	4.1	4.7	3.8
Oklahoma	74	84	68	4.3	4.9	3.9
Oregon	83	102	79	4.2	5.1	4.0
Pennsylvania	162	205	180	2.7	3.3	2.9
Rhode Island	22	21	23	4.4	4.1	4.5
South Carolina	103	122	114	4.5	5.3	4.9
South Dakota	23	26	24	5.1	5.5	5.2
Tennessee	153	158	145	4.6	4.8	4.3
Texas	529	697	543	3.9	5.0	3.9
Utah	76	105	73	4.5	6.1	4.2
Vermont	13	13	13	4.4	4.4	4.3
Virginia	170	185	154	4.1	4.5	3.7
Washington	124	162	121	3.5	4.4	3.3
West Virginia	31	41	33	4.4	5.8	4.6
Wisconsin	121	144	115	4.0	4.8	3.8
Wyoming	18	22	17	6.0	7.2	5.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,284	4,542	3,863	2.8	2.9	2.5
Alabama	72	82	56	3.4	3.8	2.6
Alaska	20	20	16	6.2	5.7	4.8
Arizona	89	90	81	2.9	2.9	2.6
Arkansas	39	46	34	2.9	3.4	2.5
California	398	327	328	2.2	1.8	1.8
Colorado	95	110	79	3.3	3.8	2.7
Connecticut	38	34	32	2.3	2.0	1.9
Delaware	21	18	19	4.4	3.8	3.9
District of Columbia	19	22	15	2.5	2.8	2.0
Florida	251	265	271	2.7	2.7	2.8
Georgia	190	158	140	3.9	3.2	2.8
Hawaii	17	19	15	2.8	3.0	2.4
Idaho	34	35	34	4.1	4.0	4.0
Illinois	183	154	138	3.0	2.5	2.2
Indiana	85	108	80	2.7	3.3	2.4
Iowa	46	59	36	2.9	3.7	2.2
Kansas	38	49	34	2.7	3.4	2.3
Kentucky	68	74	60	3.4	3.7	2.9
Louisiana	61	85	67	3.2	4.3	3.4
Maine	20	14	19	3.1	2.2	2.9
Maryland	84	92	78	3.1	3.3	2.8
Massachusetts	93	64	76	2.5	1.7	2.0
Michigan	119	116	103	2.7	2.6	2.3
Minnesota	88	80	75	3.0	2.6	2.5
Mississippi	37	47	32	3.2	4.1	2.7
Missouri	74	91	73	2.5	3.0	2.4
Montana	25	21	24	4.8	4.1	4.6
Nebraska	26	36	25	2.5	3.5	2.4
Nevada	45	51	38	3.0	3.3	2.4
New Hampshire	22	16	20	3.2	2.3	2.8
New Jersey	121	84	109	2.8	1.9	2.5
New Mexico	23	29	23	2.7	3.3	2.6
New York	171	182	154	1.8	1.9	1.6
North Carolina	152	172	134	3.2	3.5	2.7
North Dakota	12	17	12	2.8	4.0	2.8
Ohio	153	186	136	2.7	3.3	2.4
Oklahoma	57	57	46	3.3	3.3	2.7
Oregon	63	62	55	3.2	3.1	2.7
Pennsylvania	119	146	125	2.0	2.4	2.0
Rhode Island	15	12	13	2.9	2.4	2.6
South Carolina	80	88	79	3.6	3.8	3.4
South Dakota	16	17	16	3.6	3.7	3.4
Tennessee	120	117	100	3.6	3.6	3.0
Texas	384	547	408	2.8	3.9	2.9
Utah	58	77	50	3.4	4.4	2.9
Vermont	9	8	8	2.8	2.7	2.5
Virginia	121	131	106	2.9	3.2	2.6
Washington	88	93	77	2.5	2.6	2.1
West Virginia	23	30	21	3.3	4.2	3.0
Wisconsin	88	90	80	2.9	3.0	2.7
Wyoming	13	14	12	4.4	4.6	4.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,491	1,837	1,542	1.0	1.2	1.0
Alabama	16	26	25	0.8	1.2	1.2
Alaska	9	13	7	2.7	3.9	2.2
Arizona	25	46	23	0.8	1.5	0.7
Arkansas	11	14	14	0.8	1.0	1.1
California	155	181	133	0.9	1.0	0.7
Colorado	33	38	25	1.1	1.3	0.9
Connecticut	17	24	18	1.0	1.4	1.0
Delaware	6	6	8	1.2	1.2	1.7
District of Columbia	5	6	6	0.7	0.8	0.8
Florida	78	78	85	0.8	0.8	0.9
Georgia	40	54	42	0.8	1.1	0.9
Hawaii	5	9	6	0.8	1.4	1.0
Idaho	11	14	11	1.3	1.6	1.2
Illinois	69	93	48	1.1	1.5	0.8
Indiana	34	43	32	1.0	1.3	1.0
Iowa	15	25	18	0.9	1.6	1.2
Kansas	13	22	15	0.9	1.5	1.1
Kentucky	17	20	21	0.9	1.0	1.0
Louisiana	18	24	32	1.0	1.2	1.6
Maine	9	7	9	1.3	1.0	1.4
Maryland	26	29	33	0.9	1.0	1.2
Massachusetts	44	34	33	1.2	0.9	0.9
Michigan	55	50	51	1.3	1.1	1.2
Minnesota	25	42	42	0.9	1.4	1.4
Mississippi	14	15	13	1.2	1.2	1.1
Missouri	28	40	35	0.9	1.3	1.2
Montana	8	11	8	1.5	2.1	1.6
Nebraska	9	14	11	0.9	1.4	1.1
Nevada	11	21	14	0.8	1.4	0.9
New Hampshire	11	9	10	1.6	1.2	1.5
New Jersey	63	38	41	1.5	0.9	0.9
New Mexico	9	14	7	1.0	1.6	0.8
New York	124	139	116	1.3	1.4	1.2
North Carolina	44	77	53	0.9	1.6	1.1
North Dakota	5	7	5	1.1	1.7	1.1
Ohio	66	70	69	1.2	1.2	1.2
Oklahoma	14	22	19	0.8	1.3	1.1
Oregon	16	32	17	0.8	1.6	0.9
Pennsylvania	35	43	44	0.6	0.7	0.7
Rhode Island	6	7	7	1.3	1.3	1.4
South Carolina	19	29	32	0.8	1.3	1.4
South Dakota	6	7	7	1.3	1.6	1.5
Tennessee	27	34	39	0.8	1.0	1.2
Texas	119	123	115	0.9	0.9	0.8
Utah	15	23	17	0.9	1.4	1.0
Vermont	4	4	4	1.3	1.2	1.3
Virginia	39	43	43	0.9	1.0	1.0
Washington	29	55	32	0.8	1.5	0.9
West Virginia	7	9	9	0.9	1.3	1.3
Wisconsin	25	47	29	0.8	1.6	1.0
Wyoming	4	6	4	1.3	2.1	1.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary