For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, January 12, 2021	USDL-21-0023
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			      JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2020

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.5 million on the last business day of November, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.0 million while total 
separations increased to 5.4 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.2 percent 
while the layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.4 percent. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
four geographic regions.
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the number and rate of job openings were little changed at 6.5 
million and 4.4 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-48,000), 
information (-45,000), and educational services (-21,000). The number of job openings was little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Over the year, the number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed in November. Job 
openings decreased in a number of industries over the year with the largest decreases in accommodation 
and food services; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and information. The job openings level 
increased in nondurable goods manufacturing and in other services. The number of job openings was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 7.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		      Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on November 2020 JOLTS Data		  |
|Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus		  | 
|(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and at		  | 
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-november-2020.htm.				  | 
|_________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In November, the number of hires was little changed at 6.0 million, and the hires rate was unchanged at 
4.2 percent. Hires increased in professional and business services (+175,000) and mining and logging 
(+13,000). Hires decreased in accommodation and food services (-73,000), other services (-67,000), and 
information (-43,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

The number of hires in November (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over the year. Hires 
increased in professional and business services; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and 
nondurable goods manufacturing. Hires decreased in accommodation and food services and in 
information. The number of hires increased in the South region. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In November, the number of total separations increased to 5.4 million (+271,000). The total separations 
rate was little changed at 3.8 percent. Total separations increased in accommodation and food services 
(+326,000). The total separations level decreased in federal government (-70,000) and real estate and 
rental and leasing (-27,000). Total separations increased in the West region. (See table 3.)

Over the year, the number of total separations (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed. Total 
separations increased in accommodation and food services and in federal government. Total separations 
decreased in retail trade and in arts, entertainment, and recreation. The number of total separations was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 9.)

In November, the number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million, and the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.2 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+64,000). The quits level decreased in 
health care and social assistance (-52,000), real estate and rental and leasing (-17,000), and federal 
government (-6,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

Over the year, the number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 2.7 million (-241,000). Quits 
declined in several industries, with the largest decreases in retail trade; arts, entertainment, and 
recreation; and finance and insurance. Quits increased in durable goods manufacturing and in federal 
government. The number of quits decreased in the West region. (See table 10.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges increased to 2.0 million (+295,000) and 1.4 percent, 
respectively in November. The number of layoffs and discharges increased in accommodation and food 
services (+263,000), health care and social assistance (+42,000), and state and local government, 
excluding education (+21,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in federal government (-54,000), but 
the overall level remained high due to the continued release of 2020 temporary Census workers in 
November. Layoffs and discharges increased in the West region. (See table 5.)

Over the year, the layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) increased to 2.0 million 
(+201,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in accommodation and food services and in federal 
government. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation and 
in mining and logging. The number of layoffs and discharges increased over the year in the Midwest and 
West regions. (See table 11.)

The number of other separations was little changed in November at 287,000. Other separations 
decreased in federal government (-10,000). The other separations level decreased in the South region. 
(See table 6.)

Over the year, the other separations level (not seasonally adjusted) decreased to 237,000 (-69,000). 
Other separations decreased in retail trade; other services; and state and local government, excluding 
education. The number of other separations decreased in the South region. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 70.7 million and separations totaled 75.9 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 5.2 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, February 9, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|		       Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on November 2020				 |
| 			     Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				 |				
|													 |
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	 |
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone		 | 
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to | 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for	 | 
|November was 43 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.		 |
|													 |
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods in March through November to better reflect the impact of 	 |
|the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of		 | 
|monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics 	 |
|(CES) employment estimates. For November estimates, as in earlier months, BLS suspended the 		 |
|alignment process. The differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period 	 |
|including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference	 | 
|month) led to different measurement outcomes. More information about the impact of the COVID-19 	 |
|pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is 	 |
|available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-november-2020.htm.		 |		
|________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,793	6,632	6,527	5,857	5,912	5,979	5,657	5,142	5,413
Total private	6,070	5,936	5,858	5,485	5,578	5,639	5,307	4,674	5,009
Mining and logging(1)	20	21	18	22	17	30	29	21	18
Construction(1)	215	246	236	426	400	399	416	331	351
Manufacturing	401	531	498	357	376	397	318	350	340
Durable goods(1)	270	296	248	212	218	219	184	200	199
Nondurable goods(1)	131	236	250	145	158	179	134	150	141
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,271	1,083	1,105	1,170	1,278	1,278	1,198	1,123	1,088
Wholesale trade	188	180	171	156	135	148	147	131	139
Retail trade	752	643	663	763	777	780	816	739	697
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	331	260	271	251	366	349	235	253	252
Information(1)	136	122	77	90	103	60	79	56	67
Financial activities	348	291	281	236	227	236	213	193	173
Finance and insurance	259	215	220	149	144	160	143	111	118
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	76	61	87	84	76	70	82	55
Professional and business services	1,217	1,220	1,274	1,157	1,116	1,291	1,131	1,011	1,039
Education and health services	1,311	1,373	1,315	730	735	753	663	647	656
Educational services(1)	146	122	101	107	91	99	89	80	89
Health care and social assistance	1,165	1,250	1,214	623	644	654	574	567	567
Leisure and hospitality	966	817	801	1,078	1,044	982	1,063	777	1,097
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	120	99	92	187	132	143	175	100	93
Accommodation and food services	845	718	709	891	912	839	888	678	1,004
Other services	185	233	251	220	282	215	197	163	179
Government	723	696	669	371	334	339	350	469	405
Federal(1)	117	94	97	51	50	52	41	202	132
State and local	606	601	573	321	284	287	309	266	273
State and local education	220	221	211	160	128	127	157	135	128
State and local, excluding education(1)	386	380	361	160	156	160	152	132	145
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.3	4.5	4.4	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.8
Total private	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.2	4.6	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.1
Mining and logging(1)	2.7	3.2	2.9	3.1	2.8	4.8	4.0	3.3	3.0
Construction(1)	2.8	3.2	3.1	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.5	4.5	4.8
Manufacturing	3.0	4.2	3.9	2.8	3.1	3.2	2.5	2.9	2.8
Durable goods(1)	3.2	3.7	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.3	2.6	2.6
Nondurable goods(1)	2.6	4.9	5.1	3.0	3.4	3.9	2.8	3.3	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.8	4.8	4.3	4.2	4.0
Wholesale trade	3.1	3.1	2.9	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.2	4.9	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.1	4.2	4.3	4.0	6.2	5.7	3.8	4.3	4.1
Information(1)	4.5	4.5	2.9	3.1	3.9	2.3	2.7	2.1	2.6
Financial activities	3.8	3.2	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	3.9	3.2	3.3	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.2	1.7	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.6	3.3	2.7	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.7	2.5
Professional and business services	5.4	5.6	5.9	5.4	5.5	6.3	5.3	4.9	5.1
Education and health services	5.1	5.6	5.3	3.0	3.2	3.2	2.7	2.8	2.8
Educational services(1)	3.7	3.4	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	5.3	5.9	5.7	3.0	3.2	3.3	2.8	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	5.5	5.8	5.6	6.4	7.8	7.3	6.3	5.8	8.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.6	5.4	4.9	7.6	7.6	8.0	7.1	5.7	5.2
Accommodation and food services	5.6	5.8	5.7	6.2	7.8	7.2	6.2	5.8	8.6
Other services	3.0	4.1	4.4	3.7	5.1	3.9	3.3	3.0	3.2
Government	3.1	3.1	3.0	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	2.2	1.9
Federal(1)	3.9	3.1	3.2	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.4	6.8	4.6
State and local	3.0	3.1	3.0	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local education	2.0	2.3	2.2	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3
State and local, excluding education(1)	4.0	4.0	3.9	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	6,793	6,697	6,352	6,494	6,632	6,527	4.3	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,070	5,879	5,636	5,795	5,936	5,858	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.6
Mining and logging(3)	20	16	15	17	21	18	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.7	3.2	2.9
Construction(3)	215	332	275	223	246	236	2.8	4.4	3.7	3.0	3.2	3.1
Manufacturing	401	430	469	492	531	498	3.0	3.4	3.7	3.9	4.2	3.9
Durable goods(3)	270	228	249	267	296	248	3.2	2.9	3.2	3.4	3.7	3.1
Nondurable goods(3)	131	202	220	225	236	250	2.6	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,271	1,181	1,130	1,142	1,083	1,105	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	188	179	187	180	180	171	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	2.9
Retail trade	752	773	705	671	643	663	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.3	4.1	4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	331	228	238	291	260	271	5.1	3.8	3.9	4.7	4.2	4.3
Information(3)	136	106	82	121	122	77	4.5	3.9	3.1	4.4	4.5	2.9
Financial activities	348	291	284	301	291	281	3.8	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.1
Finance and insurance	259	219	222	240	215	220	3.9	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.2	3.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	72	61	61	76	61	3.6	3.2	2.7	2.7	3.3	2.7
Professional and business services	1,217	1,178	1,195	1,268	1,220	1,274	5.4	5.6	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.9
Education and health services	1,311	1,288	1,182	1,215	1,373	1,315	5.1	5.3	4.9	5.0	5.6	5.3
Educational services(3)	146	111	108	106	122	101	3.7	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.4	2.9
Health care and social assistance	1,165	1,177	1,074	1,110	1,250	1,214	5.3	5.7	5.2	5.3	5.9	5.7
Leisure and hospitality	966	770	761	772	817	801	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.8	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	120	94	83	86	99	92	4.6	5.6	4.9	4.8	5.4	4.9
Accommodation and food services	845	676	678	686	718	709	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.7
Other services	185	288	242	243	233	251	3.0	5.1	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.4
Government	723	818	716	699	696	669	3.1	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.0
Federal(3)	117	281	123	95	94	97	3.9	8.8	3.7	2.9	3.1	3.2
State and local	606	536	594	605	601	573	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0
State and local education	220	176	199	207	221	211	2.0	1.8	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.2
State and local, excluding education(3)	386	360	394	397	380	361	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.0	3.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,178	1,209	1,080	1,101	1,163	1,144	4.1	4.5	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.2
South	2,545	2,479	2,512	2,584	2,583	2,496	4.4	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.6
Midwest	1,485	1,561	1,366	1,388	1,426	1,434	4.3	4.9	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4
West	1,585	1,448	1,394	1,421	1,460	1,454	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	5,857	5,903	5,952	5,886	5,912	5,979	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,485	5,569	5,394	5,570	5,578	5,639	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7
Mining and logging	22	21	16	19	17	30	3.1	3.4	2.6	3.1	2.8	4.8
Construction	426	396	396	394	400	399	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.4
Manufacturing	357	341	384	374	376	397	2.8	2.8	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
Durable goods	212	175	207	207	218	219	2.6	2.3	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	145	165	177	166	158	179	3.0	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,170	1,227	1,248	1,255	1,278	1,278	4.2	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8
Wholesale trade	156	123	135	212	135	148	2.6	2.2	2.4	3.8	2.4	2.6
Retail trade	763	811	863	745	777	780	4.9	5.5	5.7	4.9	5.1	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	251	294	250	299	366	349	4.0	5.1	4.3	5.1	6.2	5.7
Information	90	67	87	103	103	60	3.1	2.6	3.4	3.9	3.9	2.3
Financial activities	236	235	217	238	227	236	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.7
Finance and insurance	149	142	145	162	144	160	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	94	73	76	84	76	3.7	4.3	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.4
Professional and business services	1,157	1,152	1,170	1,108	1,116	1,291	5.4	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.5	6.3
Education and health services	730	788	719	725	735	753	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.2
Educational services	107	100	93	70	91	99	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.0	2.6	2.9
Health care and social assistance	623	688	626	655	644	654	3.0	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,078	1,168	934	1,053	1,044	982	6.4	9.3	7.4	8.0	7.8	7.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	187	167	129	115	132	143	7.6	10.6	8.0	6.8	7.6	8.0
Accommodation and food services	891	1,001	806	938	912	839	6.2	9.1	7.3	8.2	7.8	7.2
Other services	220	173	222	302	282	215	3.7	3.2	4.1	5.5	5.1	3.9
Government	371	334	558	316	334	339	1.6	1.5	2.5	1.4	1.6	1.6
Federal	51	72	315	59	50	52	1.8	2.5	10.0	1.9	1.7	1.8
State and local	321	262	243	257	284	287	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6
State and local education	160	124	105	114	128	127	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education	160	138	138	143	156	160	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	949	1,052	1,017	982	985	968	3.4	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7
South	2,296	2,173	2,278	2,297	2,353	2,459	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.7
Midwest	1,304	1,307	1,311	1,181	1,227	1,318	3.9	4.3	4.3	3.8	4.0	4.2
West	1,308	1,371	1,346	1,425	1,347	1,234	3.7	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.1	3.7
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	5,657	4,988	4,689	4,844	5,142	5,413	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,307	4,729	4,413	4,504	4,674	5,009	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1
Mining and logging	29	26	19	23	21	18	4.0	4.2	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.0
Construction	416	347	324	290	331	351	5.5	4.8	4.5	4.0	4.5	4.8
Manufacturing	318	359	332	354	350	340	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.8
Durable goods	184	219	190	206	200	199	2.3	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.6
Nondurable goods	134	140	141	148	150	141	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,198	1,123	1,103	1,063	1,123	1,088	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.0
Wholesale trade	147	143	152	125	131	139	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.2	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	816	717	719	687	739	697	5.2	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	235	263	232	251	253	252	3.8	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.1
Information	79	56	57	51	56	67	2.7	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.6
Financial activities	213	197	205	190	193	173	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	143	120	133	111	111	118	2.2	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	77	72	79	82	55	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.7	2.5
Professional and business services	1,131	986	960	989	1,011	1,039	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.9	5.1
Education and health services	663	632	606	618	647	656	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8
Educational services	89	71	59	64	80	89	2.3	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	574	561	547	553	567	567	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,063	820	708	737	777	1,097	6.3	6.5	5.6	5.6	5.8	8.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	175	115	53	84	100	93	7.1	7.3	3.3	5.0	5.7	5.2
Accommodation and food services	888	705	655	653	678	1,004	6.2	6.4	5.9	5.7	5.8	8.6
Other services	197	183	98	190	163	179	3.3	3.4	1.8	3.5	3.0	3.2
Government	350	259	276	340	469	405	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.6	2.2	1.9
Federal	41	45	57	90	202	132	1.4	1.5	1.8	2.9	6.8	4.6
State and local	309	214	219	250	266	273	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5
State and local education	157	102	116	129	135	128	1.5	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local, excluding education	152	112	103	121	132	145	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	909	766	702	710	851	806	3.3	3.0	2.7	2.7	3.3	3.1
South	2,147	1,915	1,895	1,912	2,032	2,068	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.0
Midwest	1,235	1,121	1,055	1,098	1,181	1,255	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.8	4.0
West	1,366	1,185	1,037	1,125	1,078	1,285	3.9	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	3,528	2,932	2,839	3,074	3,150	3,156	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,341	2,789	2,696	2,920	2,972	2,991	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5
Mining and logging	14	11	7	9	9	10	1.9	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.6
Construction	164	143	103	142	122	146	2.2	2.0	1.4	2.0	1.7	2.0
Manufacturing	201	179	207	235	216	219	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8
Durable goods	107	104	117	129	119	124	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.6
Nondurable goods	94	75	90	106	97	95	2.0	1.7	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	802	753	722	702	732	731	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7
Wholesale trade	89	90	86	92	91	82	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
Retail trade	577	524	502	466	500	503	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	135	140	134	144	141	145	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4
Information	43	31	29	29	33	38	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.5
Financial activities	148	87	126	106	119	108	1.7	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.2
Finance and insurance	102	47	89	65	67	72	1.6	0.7	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	46	40	37	40	52	35	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.8	2.3	1.6
Professional and business services	636	533	558	627	599	588	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.1	2.9	2.9
Education and health services	462	438	398	425	464	417	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.8
Educational services	53	37	32	32	41	45	1.4	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.2	1.3
Health care and social assistance	409	401	366	392	423	371	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	736	501	488	536	574	631	4.4	4.0	3.8	4.1	4.3	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	32	15	38	52	44	3.5	2.0	0.9	2.2	3.0	2.5
Accommodation and food services	650	469	473	498	522	586	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.5	5.0
Other services	134	113	58	110	104	104	2.3	2.1	1.1	2.0	1.9	1.9
Government	188	143	142	155	178	165	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8
Federal	17	19	19	20	29	23	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.8
State and local	171	123	124	134	149	142	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8
State and local education	90	59	66	70	72	68	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
State and local, excluding education	81	65	58	65	77	74	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	478	410	389	425	455	444	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7
South	1,429	1,160	1,233	1,303	1,344	1,375	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6
Midwest	777	703	633	680	701	699	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.3
West	844	658	583	667	650	638	2.4	2.0	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.9
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	1,769	1,745	1,533	1,437	1,676	1,971	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,672	1,690	1,464	1,311	1,454	1,786	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.5
Mining and logging	14	15	11	11	11	7	1.9	2.4	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.2
Construction	233	192	206	135	197	195	3.1	2.7	2.9	1.9	2.7	2.7
Manufacturing	95	154	102	97	111	103	0.7	1.3	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	62	102	60	65	67	62	0.8	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	33	52	42	32	44	41	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	311	317	340	302	323	309	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
Wholesale trade(3)	46	53	61	21	33	50	0.8	1.0	1.1	0.4	0.6	0.9
Retail trade	185	171	194	191	198	170	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	81	92	85	90	92	89	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Information	33	21	25	17	21	26	1.2	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.8	1.0
Financial activities	44	83	52	60	49	48	0.5	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6
Finance and insurance	20	50	21	26	20	33	0.3	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	23	33	31	34	29	16	1.0	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.3	0.7
Professional and business services	434	390	352	305	358	393	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.9
Education and health services	165	165	164	155	154	198	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
Educational services	31	31	21	28	35	38	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.8	1.0	1.1
Health care and social assistance	134	134	143	127	119	161	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	298	293	188	166	177	439	1.8	2.3	1.5	1.3	1.3	3.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	84	81	35	44	46	46	3.4	5.1	2.1	2.6	2.6	2.6
Accommodation and food services	214	213	154	122	130	393	1.5	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.1	3.4
Other services	44	61	23	63	54	67	0.7	1.1	0.4	1.1	1.0	1.2
Government	98	55	69	127	222	184	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.6	1.0	0.9
Federal	12	12	23	60	152	98	0.4	0.4	0.7	1.9	5.1	3.4
State and local	86	43	46	67	70	87	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local education	41	18	26	34	40	35	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	44	25	20	33	30	51	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.6
REGION(4)
Northeast	362	300	264	232	352	308	1.3	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.2
South	587	639	540	476	552	597	1.1	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.1
Midwest	390	355	355	351	417	493	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.6
West	430	451	374	378	355	572	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.7
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	July 2020	Aug. 2020	Sept. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	359	311	317	333	317	287	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	294	250	253	274	248	231	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	3	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.5	0.1	0.1
Construction(3)	18	11	15	12	12	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	21	26	23	22	23	19	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	13	13	12	14	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	7	13	10	10	9	6	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	85	53	41	59	68	48	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	12	0	5	11	7	6	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	54	22	23	30	41	24	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	20	31	13	18	20	17	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	3	4	3	4	2	3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	22	27	27	25	25	17	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	21	23	23	19	24	13	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	1	4	4	5	1	4	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Professional and business services	60	64	50	58	55	58	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	36	29	44	38	29	42	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	4	3	5	5	4	6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	31	26	38	34	25	36	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	29	26	32	35	27	27	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	5	3	4	2	2	3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	24	23	28	33	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other services(3)	19	9	16	18	6	7	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Government	65	61	64	59	69	56	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	14	15	10	21	11	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.4
State and local	52	48	50	48	48	44	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local education	25	25	25	25	23	24	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local, excluding education	27	23	25	24	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	69	56	48	53	45	53	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	132	116	121	133	136	96	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Midwest	67	63	67	67	64	62	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	91	76	80	80	73	76	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	6,445	7,053	6,301	4.0	4.7	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,729	6,359	5,636	4.2	5.0	4.4
Mining and logging	20	21	18	2.6	3.2	2.8
Construction	215	246	236	2.7	3.2	3.1
Manufacturing	401	531	498	3.0	4.2	3.9
Durable goods	270	296	248	3.2	3.7	3.1
Nondurable goods	131	236	250	2.6	4.8	5.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,209	1,290	1,083	4.1	4.6	3.8
Wholesale trade	165	175	151	2.7	3.0	2.6
Retail trade	713	855	661	4.2	5.3	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	331	260	271	5.0	4.2	4.2
Information	136	122	77	4.5	4.4	2.9
Financial activities	333	320	267	3.6	3.5	3.0
Finance and insurance	244	244	207	3.6	3.6	3.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	76	61	3.6	3.3	2.7
Professional and business services	1,120	1,354	1,206	4.9	6.1	5.5
Education and health services	1,231	1,420	1,273	4.8	5.7	5.1
Educational services	146	122	101	3.5	3.3	2.7
Health care and social assistance	1,086	1,298	1,172	5.0	6.1	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	894	791	739	5.2	5.6	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	97	96	70	4.0	5.3	4.0
Accommodation and food services	798	695	670	5.3	5.6	5.5
Other services	168	265	237	2.8	4.6	4.1
Government	716	695	665	3.0	3.1	2.9
Federal	117	94	97	3.9	3.1	3.2
State and local	599	600	568	2.9	3.1	2.9
State and local education	213	220	207	1.9	2.2	2.0
State and local, excluding education	386	380	361	4.0	4.1	3.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,127	1,239	1,110	3.9	4.5	4.0
South	2,443	2,712	2,427	4.2	4.9	4.4
Midwest	1,431	1,513	1,401	4.1	4.6	4.3
West	1,444	1,589	1,364	3.9	4.6	3.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	5,439	6,308	5,590	3.6	4.4	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,139	5,985	5,300	4.0	4.9	4.3
Mining and logging	18	19	27	2.5	3.0	4.3
Construction	322	411	304	4.2	5.5	4.1
Manufacturing	295	380	357	2.3	3.1	2.9
Durable goods	178	218	202	2.2	2.9	2.6
Nondurable goods	117	162	155	2.4	3.5	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,477	1,507	1,571	5.2	5.6	5.7
Wholesale trade	126	151	127	2.1	2.7	2.2
Retail trade	958	925	951	6.0	6.1	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	393	432	493	6.2	7.2	7.9
Information	87	127	57	3.0	4.8	2.2
Financial activities	202	248	211	2.3	2.8	2.4
Finance and insurance	128	158	147	2.0	2.4	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	90	64	3.2	4.1	2.9
Professional and business services	1,051	1,165	1,183	4.8	5.6	5.7
Education and health services	616	814	643	2.5	3.5	2.7
Educational services	79	93	75	2.0	2.6	2.1
Health care and social assistance	537	721	568	2.6	3.6	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	884	1,029	766	5.4	7.7	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	133	115	108	5.8	6.7	6.4
Accommodation and food services	751	915	659	5.3	7.8	5.7
Other services	186	285	180	3.2	5.2	3.3
Government	300	323	290	1.3	1.5	1.3
Federal	63	51	69	2.2	1.7	2.4
State and local	237	271	221	1.2	1.4	1.2
State and local education	112	131	90	1.0	1.3	0.9
State and local, excluding education	126	140	131	1.4	1.6	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	862	1,013	879	3.1	3.8	3.3
South	2,120	2,537	2,301	3.8	4.8	4.4
Midwest	1,209	1,279	1,256	3.6	4.1	4.0
West	1,247	1,480	1,154	3.5	4.4	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	5,044	5,269	4,934	3.3	3.7	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,790	4,841	4,612	3.7	4.0	3.8
Mining and logging	25	21	14	3.5	3.3	2.2
Construction	419	365	365	5.5	4.9	4.9
Manufacturing	268	377	302	2.1	3.1	2.5
Durable goods	147	213	168	1.8	2.8	2.2
Nondurable goods	121	164	134	2.5	3.5	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,102	1,122	992	3.9	4.2	3.6
Wholesale trade	129	143	124	2.2	2.5	2.2
Retail trade	755	723	635	4.7	4.8	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	219	257	233	3.5	4.3	3.7
Information	67	53	61	2.3	2.0	2.3
Financial activities	192	186	152	2.2	2.1	1.7
Finance and insurance	124	105	100	1.9	1.6	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	81	51	2.9	3.7	2.3
Professional and business services	1,042	1,038	971	4.8	5.0	4.7
Education and health services	538	629	547	2.2	2.7	2.3
Educational services	52	59	59	1.3	1.6	1.6
Health care and social assistance	486	570	488	2.3	2.9	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	969	904	1,050	5.9	6.8	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	193	159	120	8.4	9.2	7.2
Accommodation and food services	776	745	930	5.5	6.4	8.1
Other services	167	144	159	2.8	2.6	2.9
Government	253	428	322	1.1	2.0	1.5
Federal	39	204	131	1.4	6.8	4.5
State and local	214	223	191	1.1	1.2	1.0
State and local education	81	91	61	0.7	0.9	0.6
State and local, excluding education	133	132	131	1.4	1.5	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	827	865	733	2.9	3.3	2.8
South	1,851	2,071	1,848	3.3	3.9	3.5
Midwest	1,156	1,205	1,203	3.5	3.9	3.8
West	1,209	1,126	1,151	3.4	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	2,965	3,296	2,724	1.9	2.3	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,828	3,137	2,598	2.2	2.6	2.1
Mining and logging	11	10	8	1.4	1.5	1.2
Construction	128	140	121	1.7	1.9	1.6
Manufacturing	154	230	184	1.2	1.9	1.5
Durable goods	78	127	100	1.0	1.7	1.3
Nondurable goods	76	104	84	1.6	2.2	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	724	776	657	2.6	2.9	2.4
Wholesale trade	74	101	68	1.2	1.8	1.2
Retail trade	519	520	445	3.2	3.4	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	132	154	145	2.1	2.6	2.3
Information	37	33	36	1.3	1.3	1.4
Financial activities	135	119	100	1.5	1.4	1.1
Finance and insurance	90	67	65	1.4	1.0	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	46	52	35	2.0	2.3	1.6
Professional and business services	561	650	533	2.6	3.1	2.6
Education and health services	374	476	337	1.5	2.0	1.4
Educational services	34	37	32	0.9	1.0	0.9
Health care and social assistance	339	440	305	1.6	2.2	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	597	606	536	3.6	4.5	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	64	56	33	2.8	3.3	2.0
Accommodation and food services	534	550	504	3.8	4.7	4.4
Other services	108	97	86	1.8	1.8	1.6
Government	137	159	126	0.6	0.7	0.6
Federal	16	31	22	0.6	1.0	0.8
State and local	121	128	104	0.6	0.7	0.5
State and local education	54	54	39	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local, excluding education	68	74	64	0.7	0.8	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	398	466	370	1.4	1.8	1.4
South	1,184	1,408	1,212	2.1	2.7	2.3
Midwest	665	732	610	2.0	2.3	1.9
West	718	690	532	2.0	2.1	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	1,772	1,672	1,973	1.2	1.2	1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,697	1,457	1,810	1.3	1.2	1.5
Mining and logging	14	10	5	1.9	1.6	0.9
Construction	272	214	234	3.6	2.8	3.2
Manufacturing	97	124	102	0.8	1.0	0.8
Durable goods	59	72	57	0.7	1.0	0.8
Nondurable goods	38	51	45	0.8	1.1	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	302	284	293	1.1	1.1	1.1
Wholesale trade	46	33	50	0.8	0.6	0.9
Retail trade	189	168	171	1.2	1.1	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	67	83	72	1.1	1.4	1.1
Information	27	18	22	0.9	0.7	0.8
Financial activities	38	44	39	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	17	16	27	0.3	0.2	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	28	12	0.9	1.3	0.5
Professional and business services	432	326	390	2.0	1.6	1.9
Education and health services	131	125	172	0.5	0.5	0.7
Educational services	16	19	23	0.4	0.5	0.6
Health care and social assistance	115	106	148	0.6	0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	343	270	487	2.1	2.0	3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	125	101	85	5.4	5.9	5.1
Accommodation and food services	218	170	401	1.5	1.5	3.5
Other services	40	41	66	0.7	0.7	1.2
Government	75	215	163	0.3	1.0	0.7
Federal	13	153	100	0.5	5.1	3.4
State and local	62	62	63	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	17	25	11	0.2	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	44	38	52	0.5	0.4	0.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	380	358	324	1.4	1.4	1.2
South	535	536	542	1.0	1.0	1.0
Midwest	439	415	548	1.3	1.3	1.7
West	419	363	558	1.2	1.1	1.7
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)	Nov. 2019	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020(p)
Total	306	301	237	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	265	247	204	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Construction	18	12	9	0.2	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	17	23	16	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	11	14	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	7	9	6	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	76	62	42	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	9	9	6	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	47	34	19	0.3	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	20	20	17	0.3	0.3	0.3
Information	3	2	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	19	23	13	0.2	0.3	0.1
Finance and insurance	18	22	8	0.3	0.3	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	1	4	0.0	0.1	0.2
Professional and business services	49	63	48	0.2	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	33	28	39	0.1	0.1	0.2
Educational services	2	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	31	25	36	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	29	27	27	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	2	3	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	24	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	19	6	7	0.3	0.1	0.1
Government	41	54	33	0.2	0.2	0.1
Federal	10	20	9	0.3	0.7	0.3
State and local	31	34	24	0.2	0.2	0.1
State and local education	10	12	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	21	21	14	0.2	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	51	41	39	0.2	0.2	0.1
South	130	127	93	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	52	59	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
West	73	74	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.