For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 17, 2020	USDL-20-0048

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – NOVEMBER 2019

The number of job openings fell to 6.8 million (-561,000) on the last business day of November, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little 
changed at 5.8 million and 5.6 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 
2.3 percent and the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of November, the total nonfarm job openings level fell to 6.8 million 
(-561,000). The job openings rate decreased to 4.3 percent. The job openings level decreased for total 
private (-520,000) and edged down for government (-42,000). The largest decreases in job openings 
were in retail trade (-139,000) and construction (-112,000). The number of job openings fell in the South 
and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of total nonfarm hires was little changed at 5.8 million in November. The hires rate was 
unchanged at 3.8 percent. The hires level was little changed in all industries and regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In November, the number of total nonfarm total separations was little changed at 5.6 million and the 
rate was unchanged at 3.7 percent. The number of total separations increased in retail trade (+103,000). 
Total separations decreased in other services (-53,000) and in federal government (-13,000). The total 
separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of total nonfarm quits was little changed in November at 3.5 million and the rate was 
unchanged at 2.3 percent. Quits increased in retail trade (+118,000), wholesale trade (+26,000), and 
nondurable goods manufacturing (+19,000). Quits decreased in other services (-63,000). The number of 
quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number and rate of total nonfarm layoffs and discharges were little changed in November at 1.7 
million and 1.1 percent, respectively. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private 
and edged down for government (-22,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in federal 
government (-14,000). The layoffs and discharges level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 
5.)

The number of total nonfarm other separations was little changed in November. Other separations 
decreased in accommodation and food services (-13,000), real estate and rental and leasing (-5,000), and 
state and local government education (-5,000). The number of other separations was little changed in all 
four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in November, hires totaled 69.8 million and separations totaled 67.5 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 2.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for December 2019 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, February 11, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,626	7,361	6,800	5,821	5,782	5,821	5,597	5,652	5,648
Total private	6,962	6,600	6,080	5,447	5,426	5,450	5,230	5,282	5,298
Mining and logging(1)	35	23	21	32	27	25	35	27	29
Construction(1)	279	326	214	393	488	423	380	456	406
Manufacturing	501	447	388	368	321	334	361	324	330
Durable goods(1)	315	307	270	202	184	192	203	193	192
Nondurable goods(1)	185	140	117	166	137	143	157	131	138
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,642	1,487	1,241	1,183	1,114	1,170	1,141	1,086	1,193
Wholesale trade	217	260	193	186	146	151	165	139	147
Retail trade	1,103	884	745	744	712	773	741	708	811
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	322	343	303	253	257	245	235	240	236
Information(1)	124	138	148	97	94	90	88	90	77
Financial activities	412	422	364	213	210	231	195	201	213
Finance and insurance	324	324	262	135	131	144	132	125	140
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	98	102	79	79	86	63	76	74
Professional and business services	1,313	1,236	1,211	1,136	1,143	1,165	1,092	1,099	1,139
Education and health services	1,324	1,277	1,329	692	712	713	651	662	654
Educational services(1)	96	145	150	106	108	103	101	99	88
Health care and social assistance	1,228	1,133	1,180	586	604	610	549	564	565
Leisure and hospitality	1,050	996	984	1,085	1,098	1,083	1,056	1,097	1,071
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	138	127	180	161	185	177	174	182
Accommodation and food services	948	858	858	905	937	898	879	923	889
Other services	282	248	181	249	218	217	233	239	186
Government	665	761	719	375	356	371	367	370	351
Federal(1)	110	120	100	44	40	45	35	54	41
State and local	554	641	619	331	316	326	332	316	310
State and local education	230	231	235	178	157	167	184	159	153
State and local, excluding education(1)	325	410	384	153	158	159	147	156	156
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.8	4.6	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7
Total private	5.2	4.9	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging(1)	4.4	3.0	2.8	4.2	3.7	3.3	4.6	3.6	3.9
Construction(1)	3.6	4.2	2.8	5.3	6.5	5.6	5.2	6.1	5.4
Manufacturing	3.8	3.4	2.9	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6
Durable goods(1)	3.8	3.7	3.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods(1)	3.7	2.8	2.4	3.5	2.9	3.0	3.3	2.7	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.6	5.1	4.3	4.3	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.3
Wholesale trade	3.6	4.2	3.1	3.2	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	6.5	5.3	4.5	4.7	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.5	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.0	5.3	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8
Information(1)	4.2	4.7	4.9	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.2	2.7
Financial activities	4.6	4.6	4.0	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	4.9	4.8	3.9	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.4	3.4	3.7	2.8	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.3
Education and health services	5.3	5.0	5.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7
Educational services(1)	2.5	3.6	3.7	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	5.8	5.2	5.4	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	6.0	5.6	5.5	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.0	5.3	4.8	7.4	6.5	7.4	7.3	7.0	7.3
Accommodation and food services	6.3	5.6	5.6	6.4	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.2
Other services	4.6	4.0	2.9	4.2	3.7	3.6	4.0	4.0	3.1
Government	2.9	3.3	3.1	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5
Federal(1)	3.8	4.1	3.4	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.4
State and local	2.7	3.1	3.0	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6
State and local education	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.4	4.2	4.0	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	7,626	7,174	7,301	7,032	7,361	6,800	4.8	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,962	6,462	6,562	6,314	6,600	6,080	5.2	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.5
Mining and logging(3)	35	41	33	34	23	21	4.4	5.2	4.3	4.4	3.0	2.8
Construction(3)	279	360	384	327	326	214	3.6	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.2	2.8
Manufacturing	501	513	470	462	447	388	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4	2.9
Durable goods(3)	315	317	321	292	307	270	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2
Nondurable goods(3)	185	196	149	170	140	117	3.7	3.9	3.0	3.4	2.8	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,642	1,256	1,337	1,285	1,487	1,241	5.6	4.3	4.6	4.4	5.1	4.3
Wholesale trade	217	169	193	202	260	193	3.6	2.8	3.2	3.3	4.2	3.1
Retail trade	1,103	793	816	741	884	745	6.5	4.8	4.9	4.5	5.3	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	322	294	327	343	343	303	5.0	4.6	5.1	5.3	5.3	4.7
Information(3)	124	177	137	162	138	148	4.2	5.9	4.6	5.4	4.7	4.9
Financial activities	412	379	377	360	422	364	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.6	4.0
Finance and insurance	324	249	269	267	324	262	4.9	3.8	4.1	4.0	4.8	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	130	107	92	98	102	3.7	5.3	4.4	3.8	4.0	4.2
Professional and business services	1,313	1,238	1,305	1,241	1,236	1,211	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.4	5.4	5.3
Education and health services	1,324	1,287	1,330	1,205	1,277	1,329	5.3	5.0	5.2	4.7	5.0	5.1
Educational services(3)	96	135	135	125	145	150	2.5	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.7
Health care and social assistance	1,228	1,152	1,195	1,080	1,133	1,180	5.8	5.3	5.5	5.0	5.2	5.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,050	959	929	992	996	984	6.0	5.4	5.3	5.6	5.6	5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	101	120	154	138	127	4.0	4.0	4.7	5.9	5.3	4.8
Accommodation and food services	948	858	809	838	858	858	6.3	5.7	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.6
Other services	282	252	261	245	248	181	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.0	2.9
Government	665	712	739	719	761	719	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1
Federal(3)	110	127	121	110	120	100	3.8	4.3	4.1	3.7	4.1	3.4
State and local	554	585	618	608	641	619	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
State and local education	230	212	218	222	231	235	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2
State and local, excluding education(3)	325	373	400	387	410	384	3.4	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,284	1,172	1,348	1,203	1,264	1,213	4.4	4.0	4.6	4.1	4.3	4.2
South	2,878	2,634	2,765	2,687	2,836	2,526	5.0	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.3
Midwest	1,805	1,690	1,569	1,563	1,675	1,469	5.2	4.8	4.5	4.5	4.8	4.2
West	1,660	1,677	1,620	1,580	1,586	1,591	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.3
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	5,821	5,978	5,884	5,951	5,782	5,821	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,447	5,620	5,489	5,596	5,426	5,450	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.2
Mining and logging	32	23	21	25	27	25	4.2	3.1	2.8	3.4	3.7	3.3
Construction	393	374	414	451	488	423	5.3	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.5	5.6
Manufacturing	368	338	337	338	321	334	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.6
Durable goods	202	190	192	194	184	192	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4
Nondurable goods	166	148	145	144	137	143	3.5	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,183	1,233	1,173	1,197	1,114	1,170	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.0	4.2
Wholesale trade	186	169	145	165	146	151	3.2	2.8	2.4	2.8	2.4	2.5
Retail trade	744	804	782	788	712	773	4.7	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.5	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	253	260	245	244	257	245	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.0
Information	97	94	95	88	94	90	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.2
Financial activities	213	256	235	230	210	231	2.5	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.6
Finance and insurance	135	163	148	145	131	144	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	79	94	86	85	79	86	3.4	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.7
Professional and business services	1,136	1,180	1,163	1,209	1,143	1,165	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.6	5.3	5.4
Education and health services	692	750	686	719	712	713	2.9	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.9
Educational services	106	108	94	96	108	103	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.7
Health care and social assistance	586	642	593	623	604	610	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,085	1,150	1,135	1,150	1,098	1,083	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.9	6.5	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	180	155	161	167	161	185	7.4	6.3	6.6	6.7	6.5	7.4
Accommodation and food services	905	995	973	984	937	898	6.4	7.0	6.8	6.9	6.5	6.2
Other services	249	221	229	188	218	217	4.2	3.7	3.9	3.2	3.7	3.6
Government	375	358	396	355	356	371	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
Federal	44	37	70	41	40	45	1.6	1.3	2.5	1.4	1.4	1.6
State and local	331	322	325	314	316	326	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
State and local education	178	172	169	154	157	167	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
State and local, excluding education	153	150	156	160	158	159	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	924	964	935	900	919	934	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.3
South	2,268	2,420	2,306	2,413	2,307	2,325	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.2	4.2
Midwest	1,312	1,274	1,285	1,295	1,266	1,304	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9
West	1,318	1,320	1,358	1,343	1,290	1,258	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	5,597	5,810	5,732	5,798	5,652	5,648	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,230	5,473	5,385	5,454	5,282	5,298	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
Mining and logging	35	27	28	24	27	29	4.6	3.6	3.7	3.2	3.6	3.9
Construction	380	376	415	428	456	406	5.2	5.0	5.5	5.7	6.1	5.4
Manufacturing	361	326	320	349	324	330	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5	2.6
Durable goods	203	177	183	203	193	192	2.5	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	157	149	137	145	131	138	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,141	1,217	1,202	1,204	1,086	1,193	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.3	3.9	4.3
Wholesale trade	165	165	145	167	139	147	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.8	2.3	2.5
Retail trade	741	807	817	801	708	811	4.7	5.1	5.2	5.1	4.5	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	235	246	241	236	240	236	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8
Information	88	95	94	84	90	77	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.2	2.7
Financial activities	195	231	240	215	201	213	2.3	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	132	140	151	132	125	140	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	63	91	89	83	76	74	2.8	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.1
Professional and business services	1,092	1,148	1,145	1,168	1,099	1,139	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.3
Education and health services	651	682	633	655	662	654	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7
Educational services	101	91	98	87	99	88	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.3
Health care and social assistance	549	590	535	568	564	565	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,056	1,144	1,110	1,125	1,097	1,071	6.4	6.9	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	177	150	159	154	174	182	7.3	6.1	6.5	6.2	7.0	7.3
Accommodation and food services	879	994	951	972	923	889	6.3	7.0	6.7	6.8	6.4	6.2
Other services	233	226	199	201	239	186	4.0	3.8	3.3	3.4	4.0	3.1
Government	367	336	347	344	370	351	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal	35	37	40	41	54	41	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.9	1.4
State and local	332	300	307	304	316	310	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6
State and local education	184	158	153	153	159	153	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local, excluding education	147	142	154	151	156	156	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	790	870	914	863	923	905	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.2
South	2,253	2,237	2,287	2,301	2,114	2,144	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.8	3.9
Midwest	1,347	1,298	1,195	1,272	1,225	1,253	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.7
West	1,206	1,404	1,336	1,363	1,390	1,346	3.5	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	3,379	3,668	3,601	3,471	3,497	3,536	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,184	3,487	3,419	3,288	3,317	3,350	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.6
Mining and logging	20	14	14	11	13	14	2.7	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.7	1.8
Construction	174	177	182	187	184	159	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.1
Manufacturing	226	195	197	214	198	213	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.7
Durable goods	126	103	114	126	115	111	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	100	92	83	88	83	102	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	706	771	777	731	663	806	2.5	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.9
Wholesale trade	95	89	87	80	64	90	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Retail trade	480	545	554	522	465	583	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	131	137	136	129	134	133	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2
Information	56	43	49	43	45	44	2.0	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6
Financial activities	101	138	152	128	132	145	1.2	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.7
Finance and insurance	64	88	92	88	87	99	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	37	50	61	41	45	46	1.6	2.1	2.6	1.7	1.9	2.0
Professional and business services	625	679	646	654	626	639	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0
Education and health services	451	485	459	442	462	450	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8
Educational services	52	61	56	50	63	53	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.4
Health care and social assistance	400	424	402	393	400	397	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	686	822	831	754	802	752	4.2	4.9	5.0	4.5	4.8	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	70	80	83	77	90	90	2.9	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.6	3.6
Accommodation and food services	615	742	748	677	712	662	4.4	5.2	5.3	4.7	5.0	4.6
Other services	139	165	113	124	192	129	2.4	2.8	1.9	2.1	3.2	2.2
Government	195	181	181	182	180	186	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Federal	18	17	18	18	18	16	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local	178	164	164	165	162	170	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
State and local education	96	88	87	88	85	88	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local, excluding education	81	75	77	76	78	82	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
REGION(4)
Northeast	412	502	546	468	507	479	1.5	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7
South	1,391	1,479	1,440	1,369	1,349	1,450	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
Midwest	817	836	759	789	795	777	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
West	759	852	856	845	846	829	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	1,889	1,788	1,812	1,971	1,795	1,749	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,780	1,698	1,709	1,871	1,674	1,650	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging	13	12	10	12	13	14	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.9
Construction	192	183	218	218	254	229	2.6	2.4	2.9	2.9	3.4	3.0
Manufacturing	109	112	104	112	106	95	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7
Durable goods	60	63	57	65	64	66	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	49	49	48	48	43	29	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	366	372	368	400	355	301	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.1
Wholesale trade(3)	50	63	54	77	66	45	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.8
Retail trade	221	216	227	235	200	175	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	94	93	88	88	89	82	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3
Information	24	42	38	36	38	30	0.9	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1
Financial activities	64	63	59	62	43	47	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.5
Finance and insurance	44	27	33	25	18	20	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	36	26	37	25	26	0.9	1.5	1.1	1.6	1.1	1.1
Professional and business services	426	410	441	456	416	441	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.0
Education and health services	166	159	137	178	165	172	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7
Educational services	45	26	36	33	29	31	1.2	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8
Health care and social assistance	121	133	100	145	136	141	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	329	296	257	335	249	285	2.0	1.8	1.5	2.0	1.5	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	67	71	72	79	86	4.1	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.2	3.4
Accommodation and food services	230	229	186	263	170	199	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.2	1.4
Other services	89	49	76	62	35	37	1.5	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.6	0.6
Government	110	91	102	100	121	99	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Federal	5	7	10	9	25	11	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.9	0.4
State and local	104	84	93	91	96	88	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
State and local education	63	44	43	41	46	41	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	42	41	49	50	50	46	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	318	308	314	330	352	358	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.3
South	720	624	717	788	641	559	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.0
Midwest	464	396	375	406	351	405	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2
West	387	460	406	446	450	427	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	July 2019	Aug. 2019	Sept. 2019	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	328	353	320	356	360	363	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	266	288	256	295	291	297	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	3	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.2
Construction(3)	14	17	16	22	17	18	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	25	19	19	23	19	22	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	17	12	12	13	14	15	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	8	8	6	10	5	8	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	69	75	58	73	69	86	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	20	13	4	10	9	11	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	40	45	37	44	42	53	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	10	17	17	19	17	22	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Information(3)	7	11	6	6	8	3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Financial activities	30	30	28	25	26	21	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	24	25	26	19	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	5	5	2	6	6	1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Professional and business services	41	59	58	59	57	59	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	33	38	37	35	35	32	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Educational services	5	4	5	5	7	5	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	29	33	33	30	28	27	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	41	26	22	37	46	34	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	7	3	5	5	6	6	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services(3)	34	24	16	32	40	27	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other services(3)	4	12	10	15	13	20	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Government	62	65	64	62	69	66	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	13	12	14	12	14	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5
State and local	50	52	51	48	57	52	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local education	26	26	23	23	29	24	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	24	26	28	25	28	28	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	61	61	54	64	64	68	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	142	134	130	144	124	135	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	66	66	61	76	79	71	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	60	92	74	72	93	90	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	7,308	7,760	6,465	4.6	4.8	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,656	7,001	5,751	4.9	5.1	4.2
Mining and logging	35	23	21	4.4	2.9	2.7
Construction	279	326	214	3.6	4.1	2.7
Manufacturing	501	447	388	3.8	3.4	2.9
Durable goods	315	307	270	3.8	3.7	3.2
Nondurable goods	185	140	117	3.7	2.8	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,620	1,723	1,192	5.4	5.8	4.0
Wholesale trade	195	257	166	3.2	4.1	2.7
Retail trade	1,103	1,123	724	6.3	6.6	4.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	322	343	303	4.9	5.3	4.6
Information	124	138	148	4.2	4.7	4.9
Financial activities	394	445	353	4.4	4.8	3.9
Finance and insurance	305	347	250	4.6	5.2	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	98	102	3.7	4.0	4.2
Professional and business services	1,233	1,352	1,108	5.4	5.8	4.8
Education and health services	1,254	1,310	1,267	4.9	5.0	4.9
Educational services	96	145	150	2.4	3.5	3.6
Health care and social assistance	1,158	1,165	1,117	5.4	5.3	5.1
Leisure and hospitality	966	960	902	5.6	5.4	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	85	130	104	3.6	5.1	4.3
Accommodation and food services	881	830	799	5.9	5.5	5.3
Other services	251	277	158	4.1	4.5	2.6
Government	652	759	715	2.8	3.2	3.0
Federal	110	120	100	3.8	4.1	3.4
State and local	542	638	614	2.6	3.1	2.9
State and local education	217	228	230	1.9	2.0	2.0
State and local, excluding education	325	410	384	3.4	4.3	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,226	1,335	1,155	4.2	4.5	3.9
South	2,785	2,963	2,436	4.8	5.0	4.2
Midwest	1,752	1,777	1,410	5.0	5.0	4.0
West	1,545	1,685	1,465	4.2	4.5	4.0
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	5,402	6,172	5,405	3.6	4.0	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,113	5,829	5,107	4.0	4.5	3.9
Mining and logging	27	29	21	3.6	3.8	2.8
Construction	290	493	312	3.9	6.4	4.1
Manufacturing	304	319	275	2.4	2.5	2.1
Durable goods	170	178	160	2.1	2.2	2.0
Nondurable goods	133	142	114	2.8	2.9	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,500	1,384	1,492	5.3	5.0	5.2
Wholesale trade	147	159	117	2.5	2.7	2.0
Retail trade	949	904	978	5.8	5.7	6.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	404	322	396	6.5	5.2	6.3
Information	95	108	87	3.3	3.8	3.1
Financial activities	178	231	199	2.1	2.6	2.3
Finance and insurance	114	152	125	1.8	2.4	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	79	74	2.8	3.4	3.2
Professional and business services	1,029	1,184	1,057	4.8	5.4	4.8
Education and health services	576	784	594	2.4	3.2	2.4
Educational services	75	108	74	1.9	2.7	1.8
Health care and social assistance	500	676	520	2.5	3.3	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	916	1,086	899	5.7	6.5	5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	126	148	138	5.6	6.1	5.9
Accommodation and food services	790	938	761	5.7	6.5	5.3
Other services	198	211	172	3.4	3.6	2.9
Government	289	343	297	1.3	1.5	1.3
Federal	49	42	55	1.7	1.5	1.9
State and local	240	300	242	1.2	1.5	1.2
State and local education	122	157	117	1.1	1.4	1.1
State and local, excluding education	118	143	126	1.3	1.5	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	833	955	849	3.0	3.4	3.0
South	2,099	2,459	2,146	3.8	4.4	3.8
Midwest	1,208	1,337	1,205	3.6	4.0	3.6
West	1,262	1,420	1,205	3.6	4.0	3.4
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	4,963	5,775	4,997	3.3	3.8	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,713	5,459	4,745	3.7	4.2	3.6
Mining and logging	29	27	24	3.8	3.5	3.2
Construction	389	498	409	5.2	6.5	5.4
Manufacturing	308	330	276	2.4	2.6	2.1
Durable goods	164	193	157	2.0	2.4	1.9
Nondurable goods	144	137	119	3.0	2.9	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,027	1,076	1,083	3.6	3.9	3.8
Wholesale trade	140	145	127	2.4	2.4	2.1
Retail trade	674	688	741	4.1	4.4	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	214	243	215	3.4	4.0	3.4
Information	80	87	63	2.8	3.1	2.2
Financial activities	169	195	190	2.0	2.2	2.2
Finance and insurance	106	119	120	1.7	1.9	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	76	70	2.7	3.2	3.0
Professional and business services	1,002	1,115	1,036	4.7	5.1	4.7
Education and health services	510	666	522	2.1	2.7	2.1
Educational services	58	73	50	1.5	1.8	1.2
Health care and social assistance	453	593	472	2.2	2.9	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	988	1,228	979	6.1	7.3	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	188	231	198	8.3	9.5	8.5
Accommodation and food services	800	996	781	5.7	6.9	5.5
Other services	211	237	161	3.6	4.0	2.7
Government	250	317	252	1.1	1.4	1.1
Federal	33	54	39	1.2	1.9	1.4
State and local	217	262	213	1.1	1.3	1.1
State and local education	94	105	80	0.9	1.0	0.7
State and local, excluding education	123	158	133	1.3	1.7	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	703	940	816	2.5	3.3	2.9
South	1,941	2,114	1,835	3.5	3.8	3.3
Midwest	1,241	1,268	1,151	3.7	3.8	3.4
West	1,078	1,454	1,195	3.1	4.1	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	2,834	3,577	2,955	1.9	2.3	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,693	3,429	2,819	2.1	2.6	2.2
Mining and logging	16	13	10	2.2	1.8	1.4
Construction	146	198	121	2.0	2.6	1.6
Manufacturing	170	200	160	1.3	1.6	1.2
Durable goods	93	117	80	1.2	1.5	1.0
Nondurable goods	78	83	81	1.6	1.7	1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	620	698	720	2.2	2.5	2.5
Wholesale trade	76	69	73	1.3	1.2	1.2
Retail trade	417	478	520	2.6	3.0	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	126	151	127	2.0	2.4	2.0
Information	49	43	37	1.7	1.5	1.3
Financial activities	86	130	132	1.0	1.5	1.5
Finance and insurance	49	86	86	0.8	1.3	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	45	46	1.6	1.9	2.0
Professional and business services	541	654	556	2.5	3.0	2.5
Education and health services	361	482	361	1.5	2.0	1.5
Educational services	34	52	33	0.9	1.3	0.8
Health care and social assistance	328	430	327	1.6	2.1	1.6
Leisure and hospitality	582	822	614	3.6	4.9	3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	91	66	2.2	3.7	2.8
Accommodation and food services	531	730	548	3.8	5.1	3.8
Other services	121	189	107	2.1	3.2	1.8
Government	140	148	136	0.6	0.6	0.6
Federal	18	18	16	0.6	0.6	0.5
State and local	123	130	121	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local education	58	59	52	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	65	71	69	0.7	0.8	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	343	506	395	1.2	1.8	1.4
South	1,144	1,375	1,193	2.1	2.5	2.1
Midwest	692	818	653	2.1	2.4	1.9
West	654	878	713	1.9	2.5	2.0
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	1,854	1,862	1,730	1.2	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,783	1,743	1,657	1.4	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging	11	12	12	1.5	1.6	1.7
Construction	228	282	270	3.1	3.7	3.5
Manufacturing	117	112	97	0.9	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	59	63	65	0.7	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	58	49	31	1.2	1.0	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	352	317	286	1.2	1.1	1.0
Wholesale trade	50	66	45	0.9	1.1	0.8
Retail trade	224	176	174	1.4	1.1	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	78	75	67	1.3	1.2	1.1
Information	23	36	24	0.8	1.3	0.8
Financial activities	55	43	39	0.6	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	35	18	16	0.6	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	25	23	0.9	1.1	1.0
Professional and business services	427	395	431	2.0	1.8	2.0
Education and health services	118	150	133	0.5	0.6	0.5
Educational services	21	15	15	0.5	0.4	0.4
Health care and social assistance	96	135	118	0.5	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	366	360	332	2.3	2.1	2.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	131	135	126	5.8	5.5	5.4
Accommodation and food services	234	226	206	1.7	1.6	1.4
Other services	86	36	34	1.5	0.6	0.6
Government	72	118	74	0.3	0.5	0.3
Federal	6	26	13	0.2	0.9	0.5
State and local	66	92	60	0.3	0.5	0.3
State and local education	26	29	18	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	39	63	43	0.4	0.7	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	315	370	371	1.1	1.3	1.3
South	665	631	510	1.2	1.1	0.9
Midwest	499	377	442	1.5	1.1	1.3
West	375	483	408	1.1	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)	Nov. 2018	Oct. 2019	Nov. 2019(p)
Total	275	337	312	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	237	286	269	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.2
Construction	14	17	18	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	21	19	19	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	12	13	12	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	8	5	8	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	56	61	77	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	13	10	9	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	34	34	47	0.2	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	10	17	22	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information	7	8	3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Financial activities	28	22	18	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	23	16	17	0.4	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	6	1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Professional and business services	34	65	49	0.2	0.3	0.2
Education and health services	31	34	29	0.1	0.1	0.1
Educational services	2	6	2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	29	28	27	0.1	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	41	46	34	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7	6	6	0.3	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services	34	40	27	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other services	4	13	20	0.1	0.2	0.3
Government	38	51	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	9	11	11	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	29	40	32	0.1	0.2	0.2
State and local education	10	17	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	19	24	22	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	45	63	52	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	131	108	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	50	73	56	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	49	93	74	0.1	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.