Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, May 3, 2022	USDL-22-0785
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			      	JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2022

The number of job openings was at a series high of 11.5 million on the last business day of March, 
although little changed over the month, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires, at 6.7 
million, were also little changed while total separations edged up to 6.3 million. Within separations, 
quits edged up to a series high of 4.5 million, while layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.4 
million. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations 
for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
    
Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the number of job openings was little changed at 11.5 million, the 
highest level in the history of the series which began in December 2000. Over the month, the job 
openings rate was little changed at 7.1 percent. Job openings increased in retail trade (+155,000) and in 
durable goods manufacturing (+50,000). Job openings decreased in transportation, warehousing, and 
utilities (-69,000); state and local government education (-43,000); and federal government  
(-20,000). Job openings increased in the South region. (See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number of hires was little changed at 6.7 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.5 
percent. Hires were little changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In March, the number of total separations edged up to 6.3 million (+239,000). The rate was little 
changed at 4.2 percent. Total separations were little changed in all industries. The number of total 
separations increased in the South region. (See table 3.)

In March, the number of quits edged up to a series high of 4.5 million (+152,000). The rate was little 
changed at 3.0 percent. Quits increased in professional and business services (+88,000) and construction 
(+69,000). The number of quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

In March, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The rate was 
unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all industries and in all four 
regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 380,000. Other separations increased 
in construction (+12,000); transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+11,000); wholesale trade 
(+10,000); and educational services (+4,000). The other separations level decreased in information  
(-6,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 77.7 million and separations totaled 71.4 million, 
yielding a net employment gain of 6.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In March, the job openings rate increased in establishments with 50 to 249 employees and 
establishments with 250 to 999 employees. The job openings rate decreased in establishments with 10 to 
49 employees. The quits rate decreased in establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. The total 
separations rate increased in establishments with 250 to 999 employees. For a more in-depth description 
of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2022 are scheduled to be 
released on Wednesday, June 1, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).    

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	8,480	11,344	11,549	6,208	6,832	6,737	5,540	6,082	6,321
Total private	7,662	10,256	10,504	5,832	6,414	6,331	5,212	5,676	5,917
Mining and logging	25	36	40	24	24	24	15	17	21
Construction	336	383	396	444	408	398	353	344	389
Manufacturing	751	785	860	449	500	508	414	473	484
Durable goods	387	467	517	261	272	273	235	261	251
Nondurable goods	365	318	343	188	228	236	179	212	233
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,667	1,993	2,036	1,270	1,513	1,441	1,188	1,311	1,371
Wholesale trade	246	317	274	157	172	166	153	156	159
Retail trade	966	1,139	1,294	812	1,017	971	744	895	931
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	456	537	468	301	324	304	292	260	280
Information	111	180	202	102	89	109	87	83	82
Financial activities	335	453	505	205	236	212	195	201	202
Finance and insurance	266	319	370	135	159	138	128	144	141
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	134	135	70	77	74	67	57	62
Professional and business services	1,588	2,038	2,141	1,214	1,307	1,351	1,106	1,178	1,254
Education and health services	1,499	2,256	2,249	763	890	820	690	785	775
Educational services	129	204	222	102	116	110	80	102	93
Health care and social assistance	1,370	2,052	2,027	661	774	710	611	683	682
Leisure and hospitality	1,108	1,720	1,675	1,143	1,182	1,222	958	1,054	1,103
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	174	203	216	154	163	185	107	134	143
Accommodation and food services	934	1,517	1,458	989	1,019	1,038	851	920	960
Other services	241	412	400	219	266	244	204	229	237
Government	818	1,088	1,044	376	418	407	328	407	404
Federal	127	162	142	38	42	42	38	42	42
State and local	691	926	902	338	376	365	290	365	362
State and local education	266	380	337	175	192	202	139	192	199
State and local, excluding education	426	545	565	162	185	163	151	173	164
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.5	7.0	7.1	4.3	4.5	4.5	3.8	4.0	4.2
Total private	5.9	7.4	7.5	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.3	4.4	4.6
Mining and logging	4.4	5.7	6.2	4.4	4.1	4.0	2.8	2.9	3.5
Construction	4.3	4.8	4.9	6.0	5.4	5.2	4.8	4.5	5.1
Manufacturing	5.8	5.9	6.4	3.7	4.0	4.0	3.4	3.7	3.8
Durable goods	4.8	5.6	6.2	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	7.3	6.2	6.7	4.0	4.8	4.9	3.9	4.4	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.7	6.5	6.6	4.6	5.3	5.0	4.3	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	4.2	5.2	4.5	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.7
Retail trade	5.9	6.7	7.5	5.3	6.4	6.1	4.9	5.7	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.5	7.2	6.3	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.5	3.7	4.0
Information	3.9	5.8	6.5	3.7	3.0	3.7	3.1	2.9	2.8
Financial activities	3.7	4.8	5.4	2.3	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	3.9	4.6	5.3	2.1	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.0	5.4	5.4	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.0	2.4	2.6
Professional and business services	7.0	8.5	8.8	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.3	5.4	5.7
Education and health services	6.0	8.6	8.5	3.2	3.7	3.4	2.9	3.3	3.2
Educational services	3.5	5.2	5.6	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.3	2.7	2.5
Health care and social assistance	6.4	9.2	9.0	3.3	3.8	3.5	3.0	3.4	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	7.6	10.0	9.7	8.5	7.7	7.9	7.1	6.8	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.7	8.3	8.7	8.4	7.3	8.1	5.9	6.0	6.3
Accommodation and food services	7.5	10.3	9.9	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.2
Other services	4.3	6.8	6.6	4.1	4.7	4.3	3.8	4.1	4.2
Government	3.6	4.7	4.5	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.8	1.8
Federal	4.2	5.3	4.7	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.4
State and local	3.5	4.6	4.5	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.5	1.9	1.9
State and local education	2.6	3.6	3.2	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.4	1.9	1.9
State and local, excluding education	4.5	5.7	5.9	1.8	2.1	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay 
services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	8,480	10,922	11,448	11,283	11,344	11,549	5.5	6.8	7.1	7.0	7.0	7.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,662	9,935	10,343	10,235	10,256	10,504	5.9	7.3	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.5
Mining and logging	25	35	34	37	36	40	4.4	5.6	5.5	5.8	5.7	6.2
Construction	336	366	359	383	383	396	4.3	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.9
Manufacturing	751	806	746	859	785	860	5.8	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.9	6.4
Durable goods	387	499	422	500	467	517	4.8	6.0	5.1	6.0	5.6	6.2
Nondurable goods	365	307	324	360	318	343	7.3	6.1	6.4	7.0	6.2	6.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,667	1,913	1,942	1,832	1,993	2,036	5.7	6.4	6.4	6.1	6.5	6.6
Wholesale trade	246	318	295	294	317	274	4.2	5.3	4.9	4.8	5.2	4.5
Retail trade	966	1,036	1,036	1,029	1,139	1,294	5.9	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.7	7.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	456	559	611	510	537	468	6.5	7.6	8.2	6.9	7.2	6.3
Information	111	193	232	217	180	202	3.9	6.2	7.4	6.9	5.8	6.5
Financial activities	335	492	470	502	453	505	3.7	5.3	5.0	5.4	4.8	5.4
Finance and insurance	266	372	355	376	319	370	3.9	5.4	5.1	5.4	4.6	5.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	119	115	126	134	135	3.0	4.9	4.8	5.2	5.4	5.4
Professional and business services	1,588	1,904	2,021	2,078	2,038	2,141	7.0	8.1	8.5	8.7	8.5	8.8
Education and health services	1,499	2,125	2,187	2,146	2,256	2,249	6.0	8.2	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.5
Educational services	129	205	217	178	204	222	3.5	5.3	5.5	4.6	5.2	5.6
Health care and social assistance	1,370	1,920	1,970	1,968	2,052	2,027	6.4	8.7	8.9	8.9	9.2	9.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,108	1,666	1,990	1,698	1,720	1,675	7.6	10.0	11.7	10.0	10.0	9.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	174	196	205	175	203	216	8.7	8.3	8.6	7.3	8.3	8.7
Accommodation and food services	934	1,470	1,785	1,523	1,517	1,458	7.5	10.3	12.2	10.4	10.3	9.9
Other services	241	435	362	483	412	400	4.3	7.2	6.1	7.9	6.8	6.6
Government	818	987	1,105	1,048	1,088	1,044	3.6	4.3	4.8	4.5	4.7	4.5
Federal	127	151	167	125	162	142	4.2	5.0	5.5	4.2	5.3	4.7
State and local	691	836	938	924	926	902	3.5	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5
State and local education	266	329	361	373	380	337	2.6	3.1	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.2
State and local, excluding education	426	507	577	551	545	565	4.5	5.3	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,521	1,880	1,923	1,952	1,911	1,888	5.6	6.6	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.6
South	3,310	4,137	4,330	4,237	4,262	4,516	5.8	7.0	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.4
Midwest	1,807	2,410	2,530	2,587	2,487	2,471	5.5	7.0	7.3	7.4	7.1	7.0
West	1,841	2,495	2,664	2,507	2,684	2,674	5.2	6.7	7.1	6.7	7.1	7.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	6,208	6,705	6,450	6,426	6,832	6,737	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.5	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,832	6,305	6,062	6,019	6,414	6,331	4.8	5.0	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.9
Mining and logging	24	19	20	20	24	24	4.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	4.1	4.0
Construction	444	428	361	323	408	398	6.0	5.7	4.8	4.3	5.4	5.2
Manufacturing	449	465	457	467	500	508	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	4.0	4.0
Durable goods	261	256	258	250	272	273	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.5
Nondurable goods	188	209	199	217	228	236	4.0	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.8	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,270	1,406	1,377	1,371	1,513	1,441	4.6	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.3	5.0
Wholesale trade	157	194	170	170	172	166	2.8	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9
Retail trade	812	905	901	898	1,017	971	5.3	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.4	6.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	301	307	306	303	324	304	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.4
Information	102	114	111	116	89	109	3.7	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.0	3.7
Financial activities	205	233	229	236	236	212	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.4
Finance and insurance	135	153	145	161	159	138	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	81	84	75	77	74	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.2
Professional and business services	1,214	1,295	1,212	1,242	1,307	1,351	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.7	5.9	6.1
Education and health services	763	867	846	832	890	820	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.4
Educational services	102	109	102	103	116	110	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	2.9
Health care and social assistance	661	758	744	730	774	710	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,143	1,216	1,192	1,202	1,182	1,222	8.5	8.2	7.9	7.9	7.7	7.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	154	162	165	165	163	185	8.4	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.3	8.1
Accommodation and food services	989	1,054	1,027	1,037	1,019	1,038	8.5	8.3	8.0	7.9	7.7	7.8
Other services	219	262	256	210	266	244	4.1	4.7	4.6	3.7	4.7	4.3
Government	376	400	388	407	418	407	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
Federal	38	45	45	41	42	42	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5
State and local	338	355	344	366	376	365	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.9
State and local education	175	197	183	200	192	202	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.0
State and local, excluding education	162	158	161	166	185	163	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	2.1	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,014	1,001	999	1,007	1,056	1,012	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8
South	2,406	2,814	2,650	2,611	2,886	2,837	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.7	5.2	5.0
Midwest	1,354	1,380	1,396	1,318	1,305	1,380	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2
West	1,434	1,510	1,406	1,490	1,585	1,508	4.3	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	5,540	6,197	6,042	6,044	6,082	6,321	3.8	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,212	5,810	5,648	5,673	5,676	5,917	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.6
Mining and logging	15	15	17	18	17	21	2.8	2.6	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.5
Construction	353	374	329	325	344	389	4.8	5.0	4.4	4.3	4.5	5.1
Manufacturing	414	418	434	457	473	484	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8
Durable goods	235	243	244	246	261	251	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	179	175	190	211	212	233	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.4	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,188	1,338	1,330	1,308	1,311	1,371	4.3	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	153	167	142	161	156	159	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.7
Retail trade	744	899	916	865	895	931	4.9	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	292	272	272	282	260	280	4.5	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.7	4.0
Information	87	93	112	122	83	82	3.1	3.2	3.8	4.2	2.9	2.8
Financial activities	195	201	206	233	201	202	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.3
Finance and insurance	128	140	135	163	144	141	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.5	2.2	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	61	70	70	57	62	3.0	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.4	2.6
Professional and business services	1,106	1,227	1,150	1,133	1,178	1,254	5.3	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.7
Education and health services	690	857	800	805	785	775	2.9	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2
Educational services	80	90	84	89	102	93	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.7	2.5
Health care and social assistance	611	767	716	716	683	682	3.0	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	958	1,072	1,029	1,052	1,054	1,103	7.1	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.8	7.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	107	132	123	143	134	143	5.9	6.1	5.6	6.5	6.0	6.3
Accommodation and food services	851	939	906	909	920	960	7.3	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.2
Other services	204	215	241	219	229	237	3.8	3.9	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.2
Government	328	387	395	371	407	404	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8
Federal	38	41	57	44	42	42	1.3	1.4	2.0	1.5	1.5	1.4
State and local	290	345	338	327	365	362	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.9
State and local education	139	172	174	160	192	199	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.9
State and local, excluding education	151	173	163	167	173	164	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	818	922	815	881	905	900	3.2	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.3
South	2,251	2,550	2,507	2,413	2,454	2,659	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.7
Midwest	1,243	1,344	1,341	1,254	1,269	1,236	4.0	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.8
West	1,228	1,381	1,380	1,497	1,455	1,526	3.7	4.0	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.3
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	3,695	4,510	4,403	4,258	4,384	4,536	2.6	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,513	4,266	4,164	4,032	4,130	4,284	2.9	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mining and logging	9	10	13	14	14	16	1.7	1.7	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.6
Construction	187	215	185	172	173	242	2.5	2.9	2.5	2.3	2.3	3.2
Manufacturing	278	307	322	315	345	360	2.3	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.8
Durable goods	161	185	180	165	189	188	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	117	122	141	150	157	172	2.5	2.6	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	852	1,024	1,082	991	1,030	1,016	3.1	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.6
Wholesale trade	94	128	113	112	123	110	1.7	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.9
Retail trade	573	710	786	697	732	719	3.7	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	185	186	183	181	175	187	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.7
Information	56	51	61	45	51	50	2.0	1.8	2.1	1.5	1.7	1.7
Financial activities	124	132	130	164	143	146	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.6
Finance and insurance	79	85	81	113	100	103	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	44	48	49	51	43	43	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.8	1.8
Professional and business services	633	834	760	711	721	809	3.0	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.7
Education and health services	526	689	597	617	618	599	2.2	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.5
Educational services	52	63	57	58	57	58	1.5	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5
Health care and social assistance	474	626	540	559	561	542	2.4	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	718	881	856	853	866	889	5.3	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.6	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	58	68	81	71	70	79	3.2	3.1	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.5
Accommodation and food services	660	813	776	782	796	810	5.7	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.1
Other services	130	123	159	152	170	156	2.4	2.2	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8
Government	182	244	238	225	254	252	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1
Federal	19	23	23	24	23	23	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
State and local	163	221	215	202	231	229	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2
State and local education	79	102	108	100	123	132	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.3
State and local, excluding education	85	119	107	101	108	97	0.9	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	509	608	601	580	602	599	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2
South	1,541	1,883	1,820	1,748	1,784	1,923	2.9	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.4
Midwest	834	1,008	998	898	942	894	2.7	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.9	2.7
West	810	1,010	985	1,032	1,056	1,119	2.4	2.9	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.2
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	1,512	1,295	1,262	1,403	1,354	1,405	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,430	1,228	1,183	1,327	1,273	1,320	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mining and logging	5	4	4	3	3	3	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.6
Construction	156	150	133	144	157	121	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.6
Manufacturing	114	81	90	115	104	101	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	59	40	49	62	57	49	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.6
Nondurable goods	55	41	41	53	47	53	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	279	251	192	253	229	278	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.0
Wholesale trade	48	36	20	35	27	33	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.6
Retail trade	136	141	102	145	128	173	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	95	74	70	73	74	71	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
Information	28	31	38	74	19	24	1.0	1.1	1.3	2.5	0.6	0.8
Financial activities	61	28	44	33	42	33	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	38	16	24	20	28	15	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	22	13	19	13	14	18	1.0	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8
Professional and business services	393	308	306	326	365	371	1.9	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.7
Education and health services	125	126	166	148	135	131	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5
Educational services	22	22	20	22	37	23	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.6
Health care and social assistance	102	105	147	126	98	108	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	207	167	141	177	164	186	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	47	62	37	70	61	61	2.6	2.9	1.7	3.2	2.7	2.7
Accommodation and food services	160	106	104	107	102	124	1.4	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other services	61	81	69	54	55	72	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3
Government	83	67	79	75	81	85	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Federal	8	5	19	7	7	6	0.3	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	75	61	60	69	74	79	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local education	40	38	33	34	41	41	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local, excluding education	35	24	26	35	33	38	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	248	240	156	230	235	230	1.0	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.9
South	581	525	550	521	529	590	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1
Midwest	340	244	271	281	269	264	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
West	344	286	286	371	321	321	1.0	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Nov. 2021	Dec. 2021	Jan. 2022	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	333	393	377	383	344	380	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	269	317	300	313	272	313	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	1	1	2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3
Construction	10	9	12	9	14	26	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3
Manufacturing	22	31	22	27	23	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	19	15	19	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	7	12	7	8	8	8	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	57	64	56	65	52	77	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	11	3	9	14	6	16	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3
Retail trade	35	48	28	22	35	39	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	12	19	28	11	22	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3
Information	4	11	13	4	14	8	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.3
Financial activities	11	41	32	36	16	24	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	11	40	30	30	16	23	0.2	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	1	2	6	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	80	85	83	97	91	74	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	40	42	37	40	32	44	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	5	5	8	8	8	12	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	34	37	29	31	24	32	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	33	23	31	23	24	27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	5	2	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	31	21	26	20	22	25	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	13	11	13	13	4	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Government	64	76	77	70	72	67	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	12	13	14	14	12	12	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local	52	63	63	57	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local education	21	32	33	26	28	26	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
State and local, excluding education	31	30	30	31	32	28	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	61	74	59	71	68	71	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
South	129	142	137	145	141	146	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Midwest	69	92	72	75	58	78	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	75	85	109	94	77	86	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	8,286	10,853	11,352	5.5	6.8	7.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,447	9,801	10,293	5.8	7.2	7.5
Mining and logging	24	34	40	4.2	5.4	6.3
Construction	346	359	415	4.6	4.7	5.3
Manufacturing	742	783	853	5.7	5.9	6.3
Durable goods	385	466	521	4.8	5.6	6.2
Nondurable goods	357	317	332	7.2	6.2	6.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,539	1,822	1,930	5.4	6.0	6.4
Wholesale trade	233	310	253	4.0	5.1	4.2
Retail trade	858	991	1,220	5.4	6.0	7.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	447	520	457	6.4	7.0	6.2
Information	106	170	192	3.7	5.5	6.2
Financial activities	320	445	501	3.6	4.8	5.4
Finance and insurance	249	311	357	3.7	4.5	5.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	134	144	3.2	5.5	5.9
Professional and business services	1,554	1,943	2,123	7.0	8.2	8.8
Education and health services	1,427	2,207	2,133	5.7	8.4	8.1
Educational services	118	198	207	3.1	4.9	5.0
Health care and social assistance	1,308	2,009	1,925	6.1	9.0	8.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,144	1,643	1,718	8.2	10.0	10.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	188	213	250	10.3	9.6	10.7
Accommodation and food services	955	1,430	1,468	7.8	10.1	10.2
Other services	246	395	389	4.4	6.6	6.5
Government	839	1,052	1,059	3.7	4.5	4.5
Federal	138	163	155	4.6	5.4	5.1
State and local	701	889	904	3.5	4.4	4.4
State and local education	267	342	326	2.5	3.1	3.0
State and local, excluding education	434	547	578	4.6	5.8	6.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,463	1,880	1,780	5.4	6.6	6.3
South	3,266	4,078	4,542	5.8	6.8	7.5
Midwest	1,795	2,372	2,458	5.5	6.8	7.0
West	1,762	2,522	2,571	5.0	6.8	6.9
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	5,632	5,652	6,148	3.9	3.8	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,363	5,339	5,863	4.4	4.2	4.6
Mining and logging	26	22	27	4.8	3.7	4.5
Construction	422	352	388	5.9	4.8	5.2
Manufacturing	417	446	477	3.4	3.6	3.8
Durable goods	248	247	260	3.3	3.2	3.3
Nondurable goods	169	199	217	3.7	4.2	4.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,114	1,202	1,263	4.1	4.2	4.5
Wholesale trade	156	147	161	2.8	2.6	2.8
Retail trade	743	805	892	4.9	5.1	5.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	215	249	210	3.3	3.6	3.0
Information	89	65	95	3.2	2.3	3.2
Financial activities	187	207	189	2.1	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	122	150	122	1.9	2.3	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	57	66	3.0	2.5	2.9
Professional and business services	1,139	1,147	1,291	5.5	5.3	5.9
Education and health services	688	771	733	2.9	3.2	3.0
Educational services	66	96	78	1.8	2.5	2.0
Health care and social assistance	622	675	655	3.1	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,094	915	1,194	8.5	6.2	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	143	98	183	8.7	4.9	8.8
Accommodation and food services	951	817	1,011	8.5	6.4	7.8
Other services	188	212	208	3.5	3.8	3.7
Government	269	312	285	1.2	1.4	1.3
Federal	33	32	35	1.1	1.1	1.2
State and local	236	280	251	1.2	1.4	1.3
State and local education	99	143	115	1.0	1.3	1.1
State and local, excluding education	137	137	135	1.5	1.6	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	909	839	936	3.6	3.2	3.5
South	2,215	2,451	2,615	4.2	4.4	4.7
Midwest	1,237	1,043	1,263	4.0	3.2	3.9
West	1,271	1,319	1,334	3.8	3.8	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	4,855	4,927	5,637	3.4	3.3	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,618	4,653	5,347	3.8	3.7	4.2
Mining and logging	14	18	20	2.5	3.1	3.3
Construction	303	284	347	4.2	3.9	4.7
Manufacturing	408	404	488	3.3	3.2	3.9
Durable goods	238	221	255	3.1	2.8	3.2
Nondurable goods	169	183	234	3.7	3.8	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,052	1,070	1,214	3.9	3.8	4.3
Wholesale trade	151	137	156	2.7	2.4	2.7
Retail trade	633	718	785	4.2	4.6	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	268	215	272	4.1	3.1	3.9
Information	79	68	71	2.8	2.4	2.4
Financial activities	176	180	180	2.0	2.0	2.0
Finance and insurance	120	137	130	1.8	2.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	56	43	50	2.6	1.9	2.2
Professional and business services	1,003	1,064	1,181	4.8	4.9	5.4
Education and health services	623	658	692	2.6	2.7	2.9
Educational services	47	63	58	1.3	1.6	1.5
Health care and social assistance	576	595	634	2.9	2.9	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	789	738	944	6.1	5.0	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	64	91	3.8	3.2	4.4
Accommodation and food services	726	674	854	6.5	5.3	6.6
Other services	173	168	209	3.3	3.0	3.7
Government	237	274	290	1.1	1.2	1.3
Federal	35	36	38	1.2	1.2	1.3
State and local	202	238	252	1.0	1.2	1.3
State and local education	71	103	110	0.7	1.0	1.0
State and local, excluding education	131	135	142	1.5	1.5	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	650	700	735	2.5	2.6	2.8
South	2,071	2,089	2,526	3.9	3.8	4.5
Midwest	1,079	1,013	1,045	3.5	3.1	3.2
West	1,055	1,124	1,330	3.2	3.2	3.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	3,325	3,509	4,152	2.3	2.4	2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,183	3,325	3,958	2.6	2.6	3.1
Mining and logging	8	14	15	1.5	2.4	2.6
Construction	168	141	232	2.3	1.9	3.1
Manufacturing	274	292	363	2.2	2.3	2.9
Durable goods	161	156	191	2.1	2.0	2.4
Nondurable goods	113	136	171	2.4	2.9	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	789	827	934	2.9	2.9	3.3
Wholesale trade	95	105	108	1.7	1.8	1.9
Retail trade	507	574	628	3.4	3.7	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	186	148	198	2.9	2.1	2.9
Information	52	44	47	1.9	1.5	1.6
Financial activities	108	125	132	1.2	1.4	1.5
Finance and insurance	70	92	96	1.1	1.4	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	38	34	36	1.7	1.5	1.6
Professional and business services	566	608	751	2.7	2.8	3.4
Education and health services	486	521	548	2.1	2.2	2.3
Educational services	33	39	38	0.9	1.0	1.0
Health care and social assistance	453	482	510	2.3	2.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	611	625	784	4.7	4.2	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	41	44	62	2.5	2.2	3.0
Accommodation and food services	571	581	722	5.1	4.6	5.6
Other services	123	129	151	2.3	2.3	2.7
Government	142	184	194	0.6	0.8	0.9
Federal	18	20	23	0.6	0.7	0.8
State and local	124	164	171	0.6	0.8	0.9
State and local education	44	74	79	0.4	0.7	0.7
State and local, excluding education	80	90	92	0.9	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	433	487	523	1.7	1.8	2.0
South	1,452	1,492	1,872	2.7	2.7	3.3
Midwest	741	741	777	2.4	2.3	2.4
West	699	790	980	2.1	2.3	2.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	1,218	1,114	1,133	0.9	0.7	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,175	1,074	1,087	1.0	0.8	0.9
Mining and logging	5	3	3	0.9	0.5	0.5
Construction	122	132	87	1.7	1.8	1.2
Manufacturing	111	92	103	0.9	0.7	0.8
Durable goods	62	52	49	0.8	0.7	0.6
Nondurable goods	49	40	54	1.1	0.8	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	214	195	208	0.8	0.7	0.7
Wholesale trade	45	27	31	0.8	0.5	0.5
Retail trade	98	111	125	0.6	0.7	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	71	57	52	1.1	0.8	0.8
Information	23	10	17	0.8	0.4	0.6
Financial activities	57	40	25	0.7	0.5	0.3
Finance and insurance	40	31	13	0.6	0.5	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	9	13	0.8	0.4	0.6
Professional and business services	354	367	354	1.7	1.7	1.6
Education and health services	101	107	107	0.4	0.4	0.4
Educational services	11	17	12	0.3	0.5	0.3
Health care and social assistance	90	89	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	150	92	135	1.2	0.6	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	20	18	27	1.2	0.9	1.3
Accommodation and food services	129	74	108	1.1	0.6	0.8
Other services	37	36	47	0.7	0.7	0.8
Government	44	40	46	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	7	6	5	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	36	34	41	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	16	17	18	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	20	17	23	0.2	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	162	156	148	0.6	0.6	0.6
South	506	461	528	0.9	0.8	0.9
Midwest	273	229	195	0.9	0.7	0.6
West	277	268	262	0.8	0.8	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)	Mar. 2021	Feb. 2022	Mar. 2022(p)
Total	311	303	352	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	260	254	302	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	2	0.1	0.1	0.3
Construction	13	12	28	0.2	0.2	0.4
Manufacturing	22	21	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	15	13	14	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	7	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	50	49	72	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	11	5	17	0.2	0.1	0.3
Retail trade	28	33	33	0.2	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	10	22	0.2	0.1	0.3
Information	4	14	7	0.1	0.5	0.2
Financial activities	10	14	22	0.1	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	10	14	22	0.2	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Professional and business services	83	89	76	0.4	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	36	30	37	0.2	0.1	0.2
Educational services	3	6	7	0.1	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	33	24	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	28	21	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	1	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	27	19	23	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	13	3	11	0.2	0.1	0.2
Government	51	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	10	9	9	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	41	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	11	12	13	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	30	28	27	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	58	64	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	114	137	126	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	65	43	73	0.2	0.1	0.2
West	79	66	89	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.