For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 7, 2019	USDL-19-0774

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                              JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2019

The number of job openings rose to 7.5 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were little changed at 5.7 million 
and 5.4 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.3 percent and the 
layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.1 percent. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by four 
geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the job openings level rose to 7.5 million (+346,000). The job 
openings rate was 4.7 percent. The number of job openings increased for total private (+363,000) and 
was little changed for government. Job openings increased in a number of industries, with the largest 
increases in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+87,000), construction (+73,000), and real estate 
and rental and leasing (+57,000). Job openings decreased in federal government (-15,000). The number 
of job openings was little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.7 million in March. The hires rate was 3.8 percent. The 
hires level was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires was little 
changed in all industries and in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.4 million in March. The total separations rate 
was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private but decreased for 
government (-37,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all industries and in all four 
regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed in March at 3.4 million. The quits rate was 2.3 percent. The 
quits level was little changed for total private and for government. Quits increased in real estate and 
rental and leasing (+15,000) but decreased in construction (-38,000). The number of quits increased in 
the Northeast region but decreased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in March at 1.7 million. The layoffs and 
discharges rate was 1.1 percent. The layoffs and discharges level was little changed for total private but 
decreased for government (-29,000). The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local 
government education (-18,000). The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four 
regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March. The other separations level was little 
changed for total private and for government. Other separations increased in construction (+11,000). The 
number of other separations fell in the Northeast region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 69.3 million and 
separations totaled 66.6 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These totals include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for April 2019 are scheduled to be released 
on Monday, June 10, 2019 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,894	7,142	7,488	5,625	5,695	5,660	5,446	5,576	5,434
Total private	6,236	6,437	6,800	5,282	5,333	5,315	5,108	5,206	5,102
Mining and logging(1)	26	27	23	37	35	40	30	37	37
Construction(1)	234	287	360	362	367	361	358	364	353
Manufacturing	426	480	476	364	351	355	351	347	366
Durable goods(1)	250	305	318	214	192	187	200	192	203
Nondurable goods(1)	176	175	158	149	159	168	151	154	163
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,399	1,340	1,432	1,106	1,143	1,100	1,087	1,114	1,119
Wholesale trade	187	220	226	133	147	139	131	141	144
Retail trade	900	861	860	742	744	718	753	720	729
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	311	258	345	231	252	242	203	253	246
Information(1)	130	133	169	98	85	95	86	89	89
Financial activities	396	334	368	184	197	181	175	182	161
Finance and insurance	308	268	247	117	133	124	113	140	109
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	88	65	122	68	64	57	62	42	51
Professional and business services	1,213	1,424	1,435	1,175	1,175	1,168	1,139	1,122	1,123
Education and health services	1,253	1,212	1,296	701	715	715	675	710	652
Educational services(1)	103	100	109	85	99	102	94	110	96
Health care and social assistance	1,150	1,112	1,187	616	617	613	581	600	556
Leisure and hospitality	935	988	1,023	1,040	1,079	1,099	999	1,044	1,017
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	94	106	111	192	178	169	184	166	134
Accommodation and food services	840	882	912	848	901	930	816	878	883
Other services	225	214	217	215	186	202	207	197	185
Government	659	705	688	344	362	345	338	370	333
Federal(1)	112	130	115	32	36	37	33	36	37
State and local	547	575	573	312	326	308	306	335	296
State and local education	193	224	231	153	169	165	150	172	152
State and local, excluding education(1)	354	350	342	159	157	143	156	162	143
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.4	4.5	4.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6
Total private	4.7	4.8	5.0	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging(1)	3.4	3.5	3.0	5.1	4.6	5.2	4.2	4.9	4.9
Construction(1)	3.2	3.7	4.6	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.7
Manufacturing	3.3	3.6	3.6	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.9
Durable goods(1)	3.1	3.6	3.8	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.5
Nondurable goods(1)	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0
Wholesale trade	3.1	3.6	3.7	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.4
Retail trade	5.4	5.2	5.2	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.0	4.1	5.4	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.4	4.2	4.0
Information(1)	4.4	4.5	5.7	3.5	3.0	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.1
Financial activities	4.4	3.7	4.1	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.9
Finance and insurance	4.7	4.1	3.7	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.8	2.2	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	3.8	2.8	5.0	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.8	1.8	2.2
Professional and business services	5.5	6.3	6.3	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.3
Education and health services	5.1	4.8	5.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.7
Educational services(1)	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.5
Health care and social assistance	5.5	5.2	5.5	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	5.4	5.6	5.8	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.2	6.3	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.8	4.1	4.3	8.1	7.2	6.8	7.7	6.7	5.4
Accommodation and food services	5.7	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.4	6.5	5.9	6.2	6.2
Other services	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.1
Government	2.9	3.0	3.0	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
Federal(1)	3.9	4.5	3.9	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3
State and local	2.7	2.8	2.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5
State and local education	1.8	2.1	2.2	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.7	3.7	3.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.5
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	6,894	7,626	7,479	7,625	7,142	7,488	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.5	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,236	6,962	6,860	6,929	6,437	6,800	4.7	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.8	5.0
Mining and logging(3)	26	35	29	38	27	23	3.4	4.4	3.8	4.8	3.5	3.0
Construction(3)	234	279	299	313	287	360	3.2	3.6	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.6
Manufacturing	426	501	435	458	480	476	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.6
Durable goods(3)	250	315	298	295	305	318	3.1	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.8
Nondurable goods(3)	176	185	137	163	175	158	3.6	3.7	2.8	3.3	3.5	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,399	1,642	1,482	1,454	1,340	1,432	4.8	5.6	5.1	5.0	4.6	4.9
Wholesale trade	187	217	178	264	220	226	3.1	3.6	2.9	4.3	3.6	3.7
Retail trade	900	1,103	986	881	861	860	5.4	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.2	5.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	311	322	318	309	258	345	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.8	4.1	5.4
Information(3)	130	124	123	136	133	169	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.6	4.5	5.7
Financial activities	396	412	380	433	334	368	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.8	3.7	4.1
Finance and insurance	308	324	317	291	268	247	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.4	4.1	3.7
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	88	88	63	142	65	122	3.8	3.7	2.7	5.8	2.8	5.0
Professional and business services	1,213	1,313	1,391	1,472	1,424	1,435	5.5	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.3	6.3
Education and health services	1,253	1,324	1,348	1,372	1,212	1,296	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.1
Educational services(3)	103	96	91	117	100	109	2.7	2.5	2.4	3.0	2.6	2.8
Health care and social assistance	1,150	1,228	1,258	1,254	1,112	1,187	5.5	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.2	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	935	1,050	1,102	1,077	988	1,023	5.4	6.0	6.2	6.1	5.6	5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	94	102	154	109	106	111	3.8	4.0	5.9	4.2	4.1	4.3
Accommodation and food services	840	948	948	969	882	912	5.7	6.3	6.3	6.4	5.9	6.0
Other services	225	282	271	175	214	217	3.7	4.6	4.4	2.9	3.5	3.5
Government	659	665	619	696	705	688	2.9	2.9	2.7	3.0	3.0	3.0
Federal(3)	112	110	87	121	130	115	3.9	3.8	3.0	4.1	4.5	3.9
State and local	547	554	532	576	575	573	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.8
State and local education	193	230	229	226	224	231	1.8	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2
State and local, excluding education(3)	354	325	304	350	350	342	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.7	3.7	3.6
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,233	1,284	1,230	1,281	1,201	1,241	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3
South	2,456	2,878	2,848	2,836	2,698	2,808	4.3	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.7	4.9
Midwest	1,643	1,805	1,767	1,827	1,641	1,735	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	4.7	5.0
West	1,563	1,660	1,634	1,681	1,602	1,704	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	5,625	5,821	5,717	5,829	5,695	5,660	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,282	5,447	5,353	5,434	5,333	5,315	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1
Mining and logging	37	32	39	35	35	40	5.1	4.2	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.2
Construction	362	393	399	433	367	361	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.8	4.9	4.9
Manufacturing	364	368	351	377	351	355	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.8
Durable goods	214	202	186	190	192	187	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
Nondurable goods	149	166	165	187	159	168	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.9	3.3	3.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,106	1,183	1,176	1,127	1,143	1,100	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.0
Wholesale trade	133	186	151	138	147	139	2.3	3.2	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.3
Retail trade	742	744	802	748	744	718	4.7	4.7	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	231	253	224	241	252	242	3.9	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.0
Information	98	97	80	82	85	95	3.5	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.4
Financial activities	184	213	201	192	197	181	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	117	135	133	112	133	124	1.9	2.1	2.1	1.8	2.1	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	68	79	67	80	64	57	3.0	3.4	2.9	3.5	2.8	2.5
Professional and business services	1,175	1,136	1,144	1,120	1,175	1,168	5.6	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.5
Education and health services	701	692	717	724	715	715	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Educational services	85	106	124	113	99	102	2.3	2.8	3.3	3.0	2.6	2.7
Health care and social assistance	616	586	593	611	617	613	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,040	1,085	1,037	1,116	1,079	1,099	6.4	6.6	6.3	6.7	6.5	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	192	180	154	181	178	169	8.1	7.4	6.3	7.3	7.2	6.8
Accommodation and food services	848	905	883	935	901	930	6.1	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.5
Other services	215	249	209	228	186	202	3.7	4.2	3.6	3.9	3.2	3.4
Government	344	375	364	395	362	345	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.5
Federal	32	44	36	35	36	37	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local	312	331	328	360	326	308	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6
State and local education	153	178	176	184	169	165	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.6
State and local, excluding education	159	153	152	176	157	143	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	860	924	871	879	884	910	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
South	2,215	2,268	2,204	2,334	2,360	2,308	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.2
Midwest	1,257	1,312	1,324	1,300	1,258	1,170	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.5
West	1,294	1,318	1,318	1,316	1,193	1,272	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.6
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	5,446	5,597	5,469	5,532	5,576	5,434	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,108	5,230	5,122	5,146	5,206	5,102	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging	30	35	34	31	37	37	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.9
Construction	358	380	369	387	364	353	5.0	5.2	5.0	5.2	4.9	4.7
Manufacturing	351	361	342	355	347	366	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.9
Durable goods	200	203	175	174	192	203	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.5
Nondurable goods	151	157	167	180	154	163	3.2	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.2	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,087	1,141	1,134	1,098	1,114	1,119	3.9	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.0
Wholesale trade	131	165	143	141	141	144	2.2	2.8	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Retail trade	753	741	765	735	720	729	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	203	235	226	222	253	246	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.6	4.2	4.0
Information	86	88	87	93	89	89	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.1
Financial activities	175	195	180	184	182	161	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9
Finance and insurance	113	132	131	113	140	109	1.8	2.1	2.1	1.8	2.2	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	63	49	71	42	51	2.8	2.8	2.1	3.1	1.8	2.2
Professional and business services	1,139	1,092	1,116	1,085	1,122	1,123	5.5	5.1	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.3
Education and health services	675	651	652	662	710	652	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
Educational services	94	101	101	87	110	96	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.9	2.5
Health care and social assistance	581	549	551	575	600	556	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	999	1,056	1,007	1,043	1,044	1,017	6.2	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	184	177	153	151	166	134	7.7	7.3	6.3	6.1	6.7	5.4
Accommodation and food services	816	879	853	892	878	883	5.9	6.3	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.2
Other services	207	233	201	208	197	185	3.6	4.0	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.1
Government	338	367	347	386	370	333	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5
Federal	33	35	44	32	36	37	1.2	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.3
State and local	306	332	304	353	335	296	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5
State and local education	150	184	163	182	172	152	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.5
State and local, excluding education	156	147	141	172	162	143	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.9	1.8	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	855	790	820	770	779	851	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1
South	2,150	2,253	2,197	2,280	2,378	2,243	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.1
Midwest	1,150	1,347	1,231	1,224	1,203	1,169	3.5	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.5
West	1,291	1,206	1,221	1,258	1,216	1,171	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	3,300	3,379	3,391	3,483	3,447	3,409	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,131	3,184	3,205	3,282	3,259	3,229	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5
Mining and logging	19	20	22	19	21	21	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.8
Construction	156	174	185	185	184	146	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.0
Manufacturing	217	226	211	212	211	221	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Durable goods	130	126	111	110	118	115	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4
Nondurable goods	88	100	100	101	93	106	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	674	706	715	727	729	736	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
Wholesale trade	87	95	89	87	88	105	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.8
Retail trade	463	480	493	512	494	490	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	123	131	133	128	147	141	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.4	2.3
Information	46	56	43	51	48	52	1.6	2.0	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.8
Financial activities	109	101	106	102	97	103	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2
Finance and insurance	71	64	76	64	75	66	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	37	37	31	38	22	37	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.7	0.9	1.6
Professional and business services	644	625	649	664	645	655	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
Education and health services	414	451	448	433	461	440	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8
Educational services	48	52	52	39	58	50	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.6	1.3
Health care and social assistance	366	400	397	394	403	390	1.8	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	692	686	706	753	748	725	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	78	70	56	74	80	78	3.3	2.9	2.3	3.0	3.2	3.1
Accommodation and food services	614	615	650	679	668	647	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6
Other services	161	139	120	137	114	131	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.3	1.9	2.2
Government	168	195	186	201	188	180	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Federal	13	18	20	14	17	19	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.7
State and local	155	178	166	187	171	161	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8
State and local education	78	96	89	105	96	92	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.9
State and local, excluding education	77	81	77	82	75	69	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
REGION(4)
Northeast	439	412	464	441	425	513	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.9
South	1,354	1,391	1,423	1,448	1,489	1,361	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.5
Midwest	726	817	744	797	754	754	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3
West	780	759	760	797	779	781	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	1,771	1,889	1,751	1,695	1,784	1,700	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,663	1,780	1,653	1,562	1,664	1,609	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3
Mining and logging	10	13	10	11	14	15	1.4	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.8	2.0
Construction	182	192	164	181	169	185	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.5
Manufacturing	111	109	111	123	118	126	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0
Durable goods	55	60	51	52	61	77	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.8	1.0
Nondurable goods	55	49	60	70	56	49	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.5	1.2	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	313	366	360	305	324	329	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.2
Wholesale trade(3)	28	50	45	43	42	33	0.5	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6
Retail trade	216	221	230	179	190	206	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	70	94	85	82	92	90	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5
Information	35	24	38	32	30	24	1.3	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.1	0.9
Financial activities	41	64	58	57	48	30	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.4
Finance and insurance	23	44	44	33	31	21	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	20	14	24	17	10	0.8	0.9	0.6	1.0	0.7	0.4
Professional and business services	426	426	406	358	423	412	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.9
Education and health services	224	166	155	175	193	166	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7
Educational services	40	45	42	42	46	41	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1
Health care and social assistance	184	121	112	133	147	125	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	287	329	279	263	274	275	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	100	100	96	74	84	53	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.0	3.4	2.2
Accommodation and food services	186	230	183	189	189	222	1.3	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.6
Other services	35	89	73	59	72	46	0.6	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.8
Government	108	110	98	132	120	91	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4
Federal	8	5	9	10	6	6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	100	104	89	122	114	85	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.4
State and local education	49	63	51	53	53	35	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.3
State and local, excluding education	51	42	38	70	61	50	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.5
REGION(4)
Northeast	351	318	303	280	282	290	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0
South	645	720	649	676	750	746	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4
Midwest	352	464	407	365	385	348	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.0
West	423	387	392	374	368	316	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Nov. 2018	Dec. 2018	Jan. 2019	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	375	328	327	355	346	325	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	314	266	263	302	284	264	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	2	1	3	1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
Construction(3)	20	14	21	21	11	22	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Manufacturing	23	25	19	21	18	19	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Durable goods	15	17	13	12	13	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods(3)	8	8	6	9	5	8	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	100	69	59	66	61	54	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	16	20	8	11	10	6	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	74	40	41	43	36	34	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	10	10	9	12	14	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information(3)	5	7	6	11	11	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.5
Financial activities	26	30	15	25	37	27	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	19	24	11	16	34	23	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	7	5	4	9	3	5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2
Professional and business services	69	41	61	63	55	56	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	37	33	49	54	55	46	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	6	5	7	6	6	6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance(3)	32	29	42	48	49	40	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	41	22	28	22	17	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	6	7	1	3	1	3	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	15	34	21	25	21	14	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other services(3)	11	4	9	13	10	8	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	62	62	64	53	62	61	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
Federal	11	12	15	8	13	12	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.4
State and local	51	50	49	44	49	49	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	23	26	23	24	23	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	28	24	25	20	26	24	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(4)
Northeast	64	61	53	49	72	47	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	151	142	125	157	139	136	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Midwest	72	66	80	62	64	67	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	88	60	70	87	70	75	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	6,812	6,791	7,343	4.4	4.4	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,170	6,122	6,671	4.7	4.6	5.0
Mining and logging	26	27	23	3.5	3.5	3.1
Construction	234	287	360	3.3	3.9	4.8
Manufacturing	426	480	476	3.3	3.6	3.6
Durable goods	250	305	318	3.1	3.7	3.8
Nondurable goods	176	175	158	3.6	3.6	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,343	1,179	1,323	4.7	4.1	4.6
Wholesale trade	185	213	223	3.1	3.5	3.7
Retail trade	847	708	755	5.1	4.4	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	311	258	345	5.0	4.1	5.4
Information	130	133	169	4.4	4.5	5.7
Financial activities	389	302	351	4.4	3.4	3.9
Finance and insurance	301	237	229	4.6	3.6	3.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	88	65	122	3.8	2.8	5.1
Professional and business services	1,169	1,357	1,420	5.4	6.1	6.3
Education and health services	1,219	1,181	1,255	4.9	4.7	4.9
Educational services	103	100	109	2.6	2.5	2.7
Health care and social assistance	1,116	1,082	1,146	5.3	5.1	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	982	970	1,052	5.8	5.7	6.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	110	112	129	4.8	4.8	5.3
Accommodation and food services	873	858	924	6.0	5.9	6.2
Other services	253	206	241	4.2	3.4	3.9
Government	642	669	672	2.7	2.9	2.9
Federal	112	130	115	3.9	4.5	4.0
State and local	530	538	557	2.6	2.6	2.7
State and local education	176	188	216	1.6	1.7	1.9
State and local, excluding education	354	350	342	3.8	3.7	3.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,215	1,131	1,210	4.3	4.0	4.2
South	2,417	2,574	2,747	4.3	4.5	4.8
Midwest	1,652	1,576	1,723	4.9	4.6	5.0
West	1,528	1,509	1,663	4.3	4.2	4.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	5,300	4,718	5,278	3.6	3.2	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,041	4,449	5,032	4.0	3.5	4.0
Mining and logging	34	29	38	4.9	3.9	5.1
Construction	359	308	355	5.2	4.4	5.0
Manufacturing	348	311	334	2.8	2.4	2.6
Durable goods	209	172	179	2.7	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	139	139	156	3.0	2.9	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,058	875	1,025	3.9	3.2	3.7
Wholesale trade	141	129	142	2.4	2.2	2.4
Retail trade	729	568	689	4.7	3.7	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	188	177	194	3.2	2.9	3.2
Information	88	71	87	3.1	2.5	3.1
Financial activities	173	160	163	2.0	1.9	1.9
Finance and insurance	108	116	112	1.7	1.8	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	65	44	52	3.0	1.9	2.3
Professional and business services	1,109	1,063	1,107	5.4	5.1	5.2
Education and health services	644	613	657	2.7	2.5	2.7
Educational services	58	77	68	1.5	2.0	1.7
Health care and social assistance	586	536	589	3.0	2.6	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,035	873	1,090	6.5	5.5	6.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	187	116	160	8.5	5.2	7.0
Accommodation and food services	848	757	930	6.2	5.5	6.7
Other services	192	147	176	3.3	2.5	3.0
Government	259	269	246	1.1	1.2	1.1
Federal	30	29	34	1.1	1.1	1.2
State and local	230	240	213	1.1	1.2	1.1
State and local education	88	126	91	0.8	1.2	0.8
State and local, excluding education	142	113	122	1.6	1.2	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	785	660	836	2.9	2.4	3.0
South	2,097	2,084	2,164	3.9	3.8	4.0
Midwest	1,218	998	1,118	3.8	3.0	3.4
West	1,200	976	1,160	3.5	2.8	3.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	4,801	4,499	4,789	3.3	3.0	3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,570	4,266	4,565	3.7	3.4	3.6
Mining and logging	29	39	36	4.0	5.3	4.9
Construction	321	311	319	4.6	4.4	4.4
Manufacturing	329	295	347	2.6	2.3	2.7
Durable goods	187	163	193	2.4	2.0	2.4
Nondurable goods	142	132	154	3.0	2.8	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	962	918	991	3.5	3.3	3.6
Wholesale trade	128	119	144	2.2	2.0	2.4
Retail trade	660	608	640	4.2	3.9	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	192	207	3.0	3.2	3.4
Information	75	75	78	2.7	2.7	2.8
Financial activities	164	155	148	1.9	1.8	1.7
Finance and insurance	107	117	100	1.7	1.9	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	58	37	49	2.6	1.7	2.1
Professional and business services	1,053	969	1,045	5.1	4.6	5.0
Education and health services	608	564	586	2.6	2.3	2.4
Educational services	58	64	58	1.5	1.6	1.5
Health care and social assistance	550	500	527	2.8	2.5	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	842	793	853	5.3	5.0	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	137	84	100	6.3	3.8	4.4
Accommodation and food services	705	709	752	5.2	5.1	5.4
Other services	187	147	164	3.2	2.5	2.8
Government	231	232	224	1.0	1.0	1.0
Federal	29	30	34	1.1	1.1	1.2
State and local	202	203	189	1.0	1.0	0.9
State and local education	81	95	81	0.7	0.9	0.7
State and local, excluding education	121	108	109	1.3	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	698	568	706	2.6	2.1	2.6
South	1,920	1,974	2,009	3.6	3.6	3.7
Midwest	1,012	948	1,016	3.1	2.9	3.1
West	1,171	1,009	1,058	3.4	2.9	3.1
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	3,003	2,833	3,097	2.0	1.9	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,871	2,706	2,962	2.3	2.1	2.3
Mining and logging	17	19	20	2.5	2.6	2.6
Construction	143	160	131	2.1	2.3	1.8
Manufacturing	208	181	213	1.7	1.4	1.7
Durable goods	122	101	108	1.6	1.3	1.3
Nondurable goods	86	80	105	1.8	1.7	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	626	608	688	2.3	2.2	2.5
Wholesale trade	85	69	105	1.5	1.2	1.8
Retail trade	425	415	448	2.7	2.7	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	117	124	135	2.0	2.1	2.2
Information	39	40	46	1.4	1.4	1.6
Financial activities	104	85	98	1.2	1.0	1.1
Finance and insurance	66	64	61	1.1	1.0	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	22	37	1.7	1.0	1.6
Professional and business services	599	543	613	2.9	2.6	2.9
Education and health services	382	378	403	1.6	1.6	1.7
Educational services	35	39	35	0.9	1.0	0.9
Health care and social assistance	347	339	368	1.8	1.7	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	606	609	629	3.8	3.8	3.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	60	53	61	2.8	2.4	2.7
Accommodation and food services	546	556	568	4.0	4.0	4.1
Other services	148	84	121	2.6	1.4	2.1
Government	132	127	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Federal	12	14	18	0.4	0.5	0.7
State and local	120	113	117	0.6	0.6	0.6
State and local education	49	56	55	0.4	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	71	57	62	0.8	0.6	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	370	325	446	1.4	1.2	1.6
South	1,249	1,256	1,254	2.3	2.3	2.3
Midwest	661	599	678	2.0	1.8	2.1
West	724	652	719	2.1	1.9	2.1
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	1,457	1,364	1,397	1.0	0.9	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,404	1,302	1,354	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mining and logging	10	18	15	1.4	2.5	2.1
Construction	158	140	166	2.3	2.0	2.3
Manufacturing	98	99	115	0.8	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	50	53	74	0.6	0.7	0.9
Nondurable goods	48	47	41	1.0	1.0	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	248	254	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Wholesale trade	28	42	33	0.5	0.7	0.6
Retail trade	173	158	165	1.1	1.0	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	47	53	57	0.8	0.9	1.0
Information	31	24	19	1.1	0.9	0.7
Financial activities	39	38	27	0.5	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	26	26	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	13	13	7	0.6	0.6	0.3
Professional and business services	386	381	377	1.9	1.8	1.8
Education and health services	191	133	139	0.8	0.5	0.6
Educational services	20	21	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health care and social assistance	171	112	119	0.9	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	215	162	206	1.4	1.0	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	30	36	3.2	1.4	1.6
Accommodation and food services	144	132	171	1.1	1.0	1.2
Other services	27	53	34	0.5	0.9	0.6
Government	53	62	43	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	8	5	5	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	45	58	37	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	20	27	13	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local, excluding education	25	30	24	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	266	178	217	1.0	0.7	0.8
South	539	593	635	1.0	1.1	1.2
Midwest	289	299	280	0.9	0.9	0.8
West	362	294	266	1.1	0.9	0.8
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)	Mar. 2018	Feb. 2019	Mar. 2019(p)
Total	341	302	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	294	259	249	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	2	1	0.2	0.3	0.2
Construction	20	11	22	0.3	0.2	0.3
Manufacturing	23	16	19	0.2	0.1	0.1
Durable goods	15	10	11	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nondurable goods	8	5	8	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	88	56	47	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	16	8	6	0.3	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	62	34	26	0.4	0.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	10	14	14	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information	5	11	13	0.2	0.4	0.5
Financial activities	22	31	24	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	15	28	19	0.2	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	3	5	0.3	0.1	0.2
Professional and business services	68	45	54	0.3	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	35	54	43	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	3	5	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	32	49	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	22	17	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6	1	3	0.3	0.0	0.1
Accommodation and food services	15	21	14	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	11	10	8	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	47	43	46	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	9	11	11	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	38	32	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	11	11	13	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	26	21	23	0.3	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	62	64	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	131	125	121	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	62	50	58	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	86	63	73	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.