For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 8, 2010 USDL-10-1242
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – July 2010
There were 3.0 million job openings on the last business day of July
2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The job
openings rate increased over the month to 2.3 percent. The hires rate
(3.3 percent) and the separations rate (3.4 percent) were unchanged.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by
industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in July was 3.0 million, which was little
changed from June. Although the month-to-month change is small, the
number of job openings has risen by 704,000 (30 percent) since the
most recent series trough of 2.3 million in July 2009. Even with the
gains since July 2009, the number of job openings remained below the
4.4 million open jobs when the recession began in December 2007 (as
designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research). (See table
1.)
_________________________________________________________________________
| Changes to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover news release |
| |
|Effective with this release, a new section and a new table have been |
|added to the text. The section ‘Relative Contributions to Separations’ |
|discusses the types of separations, and table C provides quits and |
|layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations. |
|_______________________________________________________________________|
- 2 -
The number of job openings in July (not seasonally adjusted) increased
from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm and total private. The job
openings level increased in many industries and in all of the regions.
(See table 5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,338 |2,864 |3,042 |4,065 |4,250 |4,234 |4,424 |4,436 |4,402
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,046 |2,537 |2,723 |3,805 |3,946 |3,960 |4,102 |3,884 |3,941
Construction.....| 45 | 53 | 76 | 338 | 289 | 351 | 417 | 314 | 361
Manufacturing....| 109 | 226 | 228 | 263 | 267 | 294 | 309 | 260 | 260
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 337 | 449 | 492 | 788 | 876 | 859 | 880 | 874 | 845
Retail trade....| 210 | 284 | 299 | 526 | 589 | 603 | 577 | 604 | 605
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 431 | 514 | 528 | 687 | 825 | 817 | 744 | 777 | 853
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 550 | 487 | 533 | 530 | 523 | 518 | 507 | 493 | 493
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 262 | 317 | 352 | 717 | 691 | 691 | 715 | 668 | 689
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 17 | 55 | 42 | 140 | 127 | 114 | 130 | 113 | 118
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 245 | 263 | 310 | 577 | 564 | 576 | 585 | 555 | 571
Government(3).....| 292 | 327 | 319 | 260 | 304 | 274 | 322 | 552 | 461
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 233 | 238 | 248 | 227 | 247 | 239 | 297 | 275 | 274
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.7
Construction.....| 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 6.5
Manufacturing....| 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.2
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4
Retail trade....| 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.2
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.1
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.3
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 0.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.2
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.1
Government(3).....| 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 2.0
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires
In July, the hires rate was unchanged for total nonfarm at 3.3
percent. There were 4.2 million hires in July for total nonfarm,
378,000 (10 percent) higher than its most recent trough in June 2009.
Hires remain below the 5.0 million hires in December 2007 when the
recession began. The hires level in July was little changed for all
industries and regions. (See table 2.)
- 3 -
Over the 12 months ending in July, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate increased over the past 12 months in
durable goods manufacturing and retail trade and decreased in other
services. In the Midwest region, the hires rate increased. (See table
6.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The total separations, or turnover, rate in July was
little changed for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for
government. Over the 12 months ending in July, the total separations
rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm
and total private but increased for government. (See tables 3 and 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In July, the quits rate remained unchanged at
1.5 percent for total nonfarm and 1.7 percent for total private and
was little changed in every industry. (See table 4.) The number of
quits for total nonfarm fell by 1.4 million between the November 2006
peak and the September 2009 trough. Since September 2009, the number
of quits has risen by 231,000.
Over the 12 months ending in July, the quits rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The quits rate increased over the 12 months ending in July
in retail trade, professional and business services, and educational
services as well as the Northeast region. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged in
July for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for government.
The number of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm peaked at 2.6
million in January 2009, falling to 2.1 million in July 2010. In
government, the number of layoffs and discharges in July (262,000) was
higher than when the recession began (117,000) due to the release of
temporary Census 2010 workers. (See table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined
over the 12 months ending in July for total nonfarm and total private,
but increased for government. The layoffs and discharges level rose
sharply over the year in federal government reflecting the layoffs of
temporary Census 2010 workers. In many industries, the layoffs and
discharges level declined. The layoffs and discharges level decreased
over the year in the West region. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,349 | 2,139 | 2,118 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6
Total private.....| 2,205 | 1,792 | 1,856 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7
Government........| 143 | 348 | 262 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In July,
there were 440,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 315,000 for
total private, and 124,000 for government. Compared to July 2009, the
- 4 -
number of other separations increased for total nonfarm and government
but was little changed for total private. The rise in government other
separations is due to state and local government where other
separations rose from 82,000 in July 2009 to 111,000 in July 2010.
(See table 10.)
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations at the total nonfarm
level attributable to the individual components has varied over time,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion
of total separations; it has rarely been above 10% of the total.
Since February 2010, the proportions of quits and layoffs and
discharges have been close. In July 2010, the proportion of quits was
44 percent and the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 48 percent
for total nonfarm. For total private, the proportions were 46 percent
quits and 47 percent layoffs and discharges. For government, the
proportions were 26 percent quits and 57 percent layoffs and
discharges. (See table C below.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2009 | 2010 | 2010p | 2009 | 2010 | 2010p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent | |Percent
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,822 | 41% | 1,951 | 44% | 1,947 | 44% | 2,349 | 53% | 2,139 | 48% | 2,118 | 48%
Total private.....| 1,709 | 42% | 1,819 | 47% | 1,826 | 46% | 2,205 | 54% | 1,792 | 46% | 1,856 | 47%
Government........| 113 | 35% | 131 | 24% | 121 | 26% | 143 | 44% | 348 | 63% | 262 | 57%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = preliminary.
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in July, hires totaled 50.0 million and
separations totaled 50.1 million, yielding a net employment loss of
0.1 million.
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2010 are
scheduled to be released on Thursday, October 7, 2010 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
- 6 -
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the
- 7 -
first year. Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the
sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings,
hires, and separations from these units during their early existence.
BLS has developed a model to estimate birth/death activity for current
months by examining the birth/death activity from previous years on the
QCEW and projecting forward to the present using an econometric technique
known as X-12 ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical
JOLTS data to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components – quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations - in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the monthly alignment method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The Monthly Alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
- 8 -
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 2,338 2,647 2,785 3,302 2,939 2,864 3,042 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,046 2,266 2,363 2,675 2,597 2,537 2,723 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5
Construction........................... 45 65 83 88 79 53 76 .7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 .9 1.3
Manufacturing.......................... 109 167 180 195 205 226 228 .9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 337 453 470 456 452 449 492 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9
Retail trade.......................... 210 297 305 292 274 284 299 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0
Professional and business services..... 431 409 423 550 601 514 528 2.6 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.1
Education and health services.......... 550 502 536 561 512 487 533 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 262 285 257 274 288 317 352 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 17 19 24 24 41 55 42 .9 1.0 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.8 2.1
Accommodation and food services....... 245 266 232 250 247 263 310 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.7
Government(6)........................... 292 381 421 627 342 327 319 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 233 246 262 260 237 238 248 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 467 542 599 678 657 631 634 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5
South.................................. 825 916 945 1,080 1,078 982 1,081 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2
Midwest................................ 477 566 573 664 568 604 591 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.0
West................................... 468 682 707 821 689 632 662 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,065 4,011 4,331 4,292 4,581 4,250 4,234 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,805 3,710 3,970 3,935 3,846 3,946 3,960 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7
Construction........................... 338 306 400 349 321 289 351 5.7 5.5 7.1 6.2 5.7 5.2 6.3
Manufacturing.......................... 263 267 279 305 266 267 294 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 788 821 897 856 819 876 859 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 526 572 646 593 567 589 603 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2
Professional and business services..... 687 767 744 780 805 825 817 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9
Education and health services.......... 530 470 503 496 479 523 518 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7
Leisure and hospitality................ 717 652 712 711 678 691 691 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 140 88 114 127 105 127 114 7.3 4.6 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.7 6.0
Accommodation and food services....... 577 564 598 584 573 564 576 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.2
Government(6)........................... 260 301 360 357 735 304 274 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.3 1.2
State and local government............. 227 258 268 248 246 247 239 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 674 733 837 695 844 718 727 2.7 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.9
South.................................. 1,487 1,381 1,618 1,585 1,681 1,505 1,510 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.2
Midwest................................ 847 965 1,073 1,012 1,090 1,013 1,007 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.4
West................................... 981 861 1,025 870 1,014 923 913 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 4,424 3,969 4,048 4,013 4,146 4,436 4,402 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,102 3,663 3,743 3,726 3,816 3,884 3,941 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7
Construction........................... 417 362 365 345 340 314 361 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.6 6.5
Manufacturing.......................... 309 260 245 249 238 260 260 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 880 806 866 803 800 874 845 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4
Retail trade.......................... 577 551 620 551 574 604 605 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2
Professional and business services..... 744 716 699 733 806 777 853 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.7 5.1
Education and health services.......... 507 440 455 475 446 493 493 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 715 621 677 684 707 668 689 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 130 78 119 114 122 113 118 6.8 4.1 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.2
Accommodation and food services....... 585 543 558 570 585 555 571 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1
Government(6)........................... 322 306 305 287 331 552 461 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.0
State and local government............. 297 273 268 248 263 275 274 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 695 730 821 690 734 748 796 2.8 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2
South.................................. 1,555 1,459 1,423 1,427 1,521 1,606 1,555 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3
Midwest................................ 911 858 895 948 988 981 1,033 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5
West................................... 1,124 954 920 944 920 928 958 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010p
Total.................................... 1,822 1,851 1,918 1,972 1,929 1,951 1,947 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,709 1,719 1,802 1,871 1,828 1,819 1,826 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 70 84 83 67 64 67 69 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 86 97 89 99 96 105 95 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 411 432 424 442 438 443 446 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 294 333 316 330 338 331 343 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4
Professional and business services..... 282 300 315 323 330 325 360 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2
Education and health services.......... 242 237 253 299 254 268 261 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 407 393 406 419 428 373 377 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 40 35 36 40 39 26 30 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.6
Accommodation and food services....... 367 358 371 379 390 347 347 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.1
Government(6)........................... 113 132 117 101 101 131 121 .5 .6 .5 .4 .4 .6 .5
State and local government............. 110 121 105 93 88 105 100 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5
REGION(7)
Northeast.............................. 239 320 325 332 286 341 312 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3
South.................................. 720 755 750 744 736 796 739 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6
Midwest................................ 420 421 438 442 496 438 458 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5
West................................... 391 434 406 429 433 437 400 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,497 2,772 3,313 1.9 2.1 2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,177 2,436 2,972 2.0 2.2 2.7
Mining and Logging............................ 3 14 19 .5 1.9 2.5
Construction.................................. 54 56 92 .9 1.0 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 115 225 250 1.0 1.9 2.1
Durable goods................................ 63 146 167 .9 2.0 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 52 79 83 1.1 1.7 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 361 436 546 1.4 1.7 2.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 79 91 131 1.4 1.6 2.3
Retail trade................................. 234 262 340 1.6 1.8 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 48 84 75 1.0 1.7 1.6
Information................................... 52 57 99 1.8 2.1 3.5
Financial activities.......................... 152 269 274 1.9 3.4 3.5
Finance and insurance........................ 116 219 242 2.0 3.7 4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 50 33 1.7 2.5 1.6
Professional and business services............ 454 484 565 2.7 2.8 3.3
Education and health services................. 587 450 580 3.0 2.3 2.9
Educational services......................... 51 47 65 1.8 1.6 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 535 402 515 3.2 2.4 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 273 308 377 1.9 2.2 2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 16 54 41 .7 2.4 1.8
Accommodation and food services............. 257 254 336 2.2 2.2 2.8
Other services................................ 125 136 171 2.3 2.5 3.1
Government..................................... 320 336 340 1.5 1.5 1.6
Federal....................................... 62 75 70 2.1 2.3 2.2
State and local............................... 258 261 271 1.4 1.3 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 514 621 688 2.0 2.4 2.7
South......................................... 893 946 1,204 1.9 2.0 2.5
Midwest....................................... 560 570 686 1.9 1.9 2.3
West.......................................... 530 634 734 1.8 2.1 2.5
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 4,558 4,929 4,732 3.5 3.8 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,250 4,539 4,426 3.9 4.2 4.1
Mining and Logging............................ 20 29 30 2.9 4.0 4.0
Construction.................................. 384 358 410 6.2 6.2 7.0
Manufacturing................................. 303 313 333 2.6 2.7 2.8
Durable goods................................ 150 181 201 2.1 2.5 2.8
Nondurable goods............................. 153 132 132 3.3 2.9 2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 817 893 895 3.3 3.6 3.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 141 129 140 2.5 2.3 2.5
Retail trade................................. 519 604 603 3.6 4.2 4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 158 160 152 3.3 3.4 3.2
Information................................... 77 63 72 2.7 2.3 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 225 253 216 2.9 3.3 2.8
Finance and insurance........................ 132 171 144 2.3 3.0 2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 93 82 72 4.6 4.1 3.6
Professional and business services............ 739 889 881 4.5 5.3 5.2
Education and health services................. 611 610 611 3.2 3.2 3.2
Educational services......................... 108 86 101 3.9 2.9 3.5
Health care and social assistance............ 503 525 510 3.1 3.2 3.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 796 857 769 5.8 6.3 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 163 201 135 7.4 9.3 6.1
Accommodation and food services............. 633 656 634 5.5 5.7 5.5
Other services................................ 277 274 209 5.1 5.1 3.9
Government..................................... 308 390 307 1.4 1.7 1.4
Federal....................................... 41 70 39 1.4 2.2 1.3
State and local............................... 268 319 267 1.5 1.6 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 825 922 879 3.4 3.7 3.6
South......................................... 1,660 1,708 1,690 3.5 3.6 3.6
Midwest....................................... 928 1,202 1,100 3.1 4.0 3.7
West.......................................... 1,144 1,096 1,063 4.0 3.8 3.7
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 4,946 4,364 4,947 3.8 3.3 3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,498 3,642 4,363 4.1 3.4 4.0
Mining and Logging............................ 25 17 20 3.6 2.3 2.7
Construction.................................. 451 269 396 7.2 4.7 6.8
Manufacturing................................. 313 234 268 2.7 2.0 2.3
Durable goods................................ 162 128 149 2.3 1.8 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 151 106 118 3.3 2.3 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 918 799 877 3.7 3.2 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 156 104 132 2.8 1.8 2.4
Retail trade................................. 572 561 612 4.0 3.9 4.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 190 134 132 4.0 2.8 2.8
Information................................... 88 59 71 3.1 2.2 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 249 189 227 3.2 2.5 3.0
Finance and insurance........................ 150 134 148 2.6 2.4 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 99 55 79 4.9 2.8 4.0
Professional and business services............ 783 704 928 4.7 4.2 5.5
Education and health services................. 619 553 612 3.3 2.9 3.2
Educational services......................... 129 108 115 4.6 3.7 4.0
Health care and social assistance............ 490 445 497 3.0 2.7 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 779 632 763 5.7 4.6 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 117 84 111 5.3 3.9 5.0
Accommodation and food services............. 662 548 652 5.7 4.8 5.6
Other services................................ 273 185 201 5.0 3.4 3.7
Government..................................... 448 722 584 2.1 3.2 2.8
Federal....................................... 27 278 189 .9 8.7 6.2
State and local............................... 422 444 395 2.3 2.3 2.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 822 809 908 3.3 3.3 3.7
South......................................... 1,795 1,637 1,779 3.8 3.4 3.8
Midwest....................................... 1,009 973 1,141 3.4 3.3 3.9
West.......................................... 1,320 946 1,119 4.6 3.2 3.9
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,169 1,998 2,334 1.7 1.5 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,021 1,824 2,183 1.9 1.7 2.0
Mining and Logging............................ 6 9 11 .8 1.2 1.4
Construction.................................. 97 69 97 1.6 1.2 1.7
Manufacturing................................. 97 104 109 .8 .9 .9
Durable goods................................ 44 58 58 .6 .8 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 52 46 51 1.1 1.0 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 463 430 503 1.9 1.7 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 61 56 56 1.1 1.0 1.0
Retail trade................................. 317 319 371 2.2 2.2 2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 85 55 76 1.8 1.2 1.6
Information................................... 50 26 36 1.8 1.0 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 94 113 108 1.2 1.5 1.4
Finance and insurance........................ 58 77 72 1.0 1.4 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 36 36 1.8 1.8 1.8
Professional and business services............ 323 322 443 2.0 1.9 2.6
Education and health services................. 288 279 311 1.5 1.4 1.6
Educational services......................... 29 37 42 1.0 1.2 1.5
Health care and social assistance............ 259 242 269 1.6 1.5 1.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 502 371 462 3.6 2.7 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 57 27 42 2.6 1.2 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 445 344 421 3.9 3.0 3.6
Other services................................ 102 100 104 1.9 1.8 1.9
Government..................................... 148 173 151 .7 .8 .7
Federal....................................... 3 27 21 .1 .9 .7
State and local............................... 145 146 130 .8 .7 .7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 313 335 399 1.3 1.3 1.6
South......................................... 878 795 896 1.9 1.7 1.9
Midwest....................................... 490 409 546 1.7 1.4 1.9
West.......................................... 489 459 493 1.7 1.6 1.7
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 2,406 1,977 2,173 1.9 1.5 1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,204 1,556 1,865 2.0 1.4 1.7
Mining and Logging............................ 17 5 7 2.5 .7 1.0
Construction.................................. 342 191 283 5.5 3.3 4.8
Manufacturing................................. 195 111 134 1.7 .9 1.1
Durable goods................................ 108 56 76 1.5 .8 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 86 56 57 1.9 1.2 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 382 306 313 1.5 1.2 1.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 85 45 63 1.5 .8 1.1
Retail trade................................. 209 200 202 1.4 1.4 1.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 88 62 47 1.9 1.3 1.0
Information................................... 34 27 31 1.2 1.0 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 140 44 89 1.8 .6 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 84 27 48 1.5 .5 .8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 56 17 41 2.8 .9 2.1
Professional and business services............ 396 332 415 2.4 2.0 2.5
Education and health services................. 295 230 255 1.6 1.2 1.3
Educational services......................... 92 65 65 3.3 2.2 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 202 164 190 1.3 1.0 1.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 247 242 249 1.8 1.8 1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 56 54 61 2.5 2.5 2.7
Accommodation and food services............. 192 187 189 1.7 1.6 1.6
Other services................................ 155 68 89 2.8 1.3 1.6
Government..................................... 202 421 309 1.0 1.9 1.5
Federal....................................... 8 242 155 .3 7.6 5.1
State and local............................... 194 179 153 1.1 .9 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 428 390 439 1.7 1.6 1.8
South......................................... 780 709 719 1.7 1.5 1.5
Midwest....................................... 437 471 496 1.5 1.6 1.7
West.......................................... 761 406 520 2.6 1.4 1.8
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2009 2010 2010p 2009 2010 2010p
Total........................................... 370 389 440 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 273 261 315 .3 .2 .3
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 3 .3 .4 .4
Construction.................................. 11 10 16 .2 .2 .3
Manufacturing................................. 22 19 25 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 10 14 15 .1 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 12 5 11 .3 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 73 62 62 .3 .3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 11 3 13 .2 .1 .2
Retail trade................................. 46 42 39 .3 .3 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 16 17 9 .3 .4 .2
Information................................... 3 6 4 .1 .2 .2
Financial activities.......................... 15 31 31 .2 .4 .4
Finance and insurance........................ 8 29 29 .1 .5 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 7 2 2 .3 .1 .1
Professional and business services............ 64 49 70 .4 .3 .4
Education and health services................. 36 45 45 .2 .2 .2
Educational services......................... 8 6 7 .3 .2 .3
Health care and social assistance............ 28 39 38 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 29 20 51 .2 .1 .4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 3 9 .2 .1 .4
Accommodation and food services............. 25 17 42 .2 .1 .4
Other services................................ 17 18 8 .3 .3 .2
Government..................................... 98 127 124 .5 .6 .6
Federal....................................... 15 9 13 .5 .3 .4
State and local............................... 82 119 111 .4 .6 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 82 84 70 .3 .3 .3
South......................................... 137 133 164 .3 .3 .3
Midwest....................................... 83 92 99 .3 .3 .3
West.......................................... 69 81 107 .2 .3 .4
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = preliminary.
United States Department of Labor
