For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, September 9, 2015	USDL-15-1757

Technical information:  (202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                         JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JULY 2015

The number of job openings again rose to a series high of 5.8 million on the last business day of July, 
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The number of hires and separations edged down to 
5.0 million and 4.7 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate was 1.9 percent for the fourth 
month in a row, and the layoffs and discharges rate declined to 1.1 percent. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 
industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

Job openings increased to a new series high in July, reaching 5.8 million. The prior series high was 5.4 
million in May 2015. The series began in December 2000. The job openings rate for July rose to 3.9 
percent after measuring 3.6 percent in the prior 3 months. The number of job openings rose in July for 
total private and was little changed for government. Several industries experienced a rise in openings in 
July:  professional and business services (+122,000), accommodation and food services (+82,000), retail 
trade (+77,000), and nondurable goods manufacturing (+27,000). In the regions, the number of openings 
rose in the Northeast (+154,000) and South (+141,000). (See table 1.)

The number of job openings (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in July for 
total nonfarm and total private. The number of job openings for government was little changed. Job 
openings rose over the year for many industries with the largest increases occurring in professional and 
business services (+452,000), health care and social assistance (+174,000), accommodation and food 
services (+141,000), and retail trade (+136,000). Job openings decreased over the year in mining and 
logging (-8,000). The number of job openings increased over the year in all four regions. (See table 7.)

Hires

The number of hires was 5.0 million in July, edging down from June. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. 
The number of hires edged down for total private and was little changed for government in July. There 
was little change in the number of hires in all industries and regions over the month. (See table 2.)

Over the 12 months ending in July, the number of hires (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for 
total nonfarm and total private, and rose for government. At the industry level, hires increased in 
accommodation and food services (+113,000) and in federal government (+13,000), but decreased in 
construction (-109,000) and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-37,000). The number of hires was 
little changed in in all four regions. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

There were 4.7 million total separations in July, edging down from June. The separations rate was 3.3 
percent. The number of total separations edged down for total private and was little changed for 
government. Total separations decreased in July in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-38,000) and in 
the West region (-184,000), but was little changed in the other industries and regions over the month. 
(See table 3.)

There were 2.7 million quits in July, little changed from June. Although the number of quits has been 
increasing overall since the end of the recession, the number has held between 2.7 million and 2.8 
million for the past 11 months. The quits rate was unchanged in July, measuring 1.9 percent for the 
fourth month in a row. The number of quits was little changed for total private and unchanged for 
government over the month. Quits fell in professional and business services (-57,000) and in the West 
region (-107,000), and was little changed in the other industries and regions in July. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the 12 months ending in July for total 
nonfarm, total private, and government. Over the year, quits increased in accommodation and food 
services (+101,000), state and local government (+27,000), and educational services (+23,000). Quits 
decreased over the year in finance and insurance (-25,000) and in nondurable goods manufacturing
(-18,000). In the regions, quits increased in the South (+168,000) and Northeast (+67,000), but fell in the 
West (-85,000). (See table 10.)

There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in July, edging down from June. The layoffs and 
discharges rate fell to 1.1 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges edged down over the month for 
total private and was little changed for government. The number was little changed in all four regions. 
(See table 5.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of layoffs and discharges are not available for individual 
industries.

The number of layoffs and discharges (not seasonally adjusted) edged down over the 12 months ending 
in July for total nonfarm and total private, and was little changed for government. The number of layoffs 
and discharges rose over the year in mining and logging (+8,000) and in federal government (+5,000), 
but fell in construction (-90,000) and educational services (-23,000). The number of layoffs and 
discharges fell over the year in the Northeast region (-138,000) and was little changed in the other 
regions. (See table 11.)

In July, there were 413,000 other separations for total nonfarm, about the same as in June. Over the 
month, the number of other separations was little changed for total private at 341,000 and increased for 
government to 72,000. (See table 6.) Seasonally adjusted estimates of other separations are not available 
for individual industries or regions.

Over the 12 months ending in July, the number of other separations (not seasonally adjusted) increased 
for total nonfarm (+64,000) and for government (+12,000), and edged up for total private (+52,000). 
Other separations increased over the year in several industries, with the largest changes occurring in 
construction (+17,000), health care and social assistance (+16,000), and accommodation and food 
services (+15,000). Other separations decreased over the year in nondurable goods manufacturing 
(-10,000). In the regions, other separations increased in the Midwest (+33,000) and was little changed in 
the other regions. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in July 2015, hires totaled 60.6 million 
and separations totaled 57.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.7 million. These totals 
include workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for August 2015 are scheduled to be 
released on Friday, October 16, 2015 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total nonfarm	4,726	5,323	5,753	5,003	5,182	4,983	4,711	4,906	4,716
Total private(1)	4,256	4,859	5,266	4,718	4,854	4,653	4,440	4,596	4,401
Construction	138	137	137	385	325	300	350	333	273
Manufacturing	286	310	342	266	271	267	240	266	254
Durable goods	185	190	195	158	158	160	141	160	169
Nondurable goods	101	120	147	108	113	107	99	105	85
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	835	945	1,018	1,102	1,146	1,130	1,038	1,077	1,054
Retail trade	490	543	620	764	786	786	723	746	739
Professional and business services	911	1,209	1,331	1,000	1,054	948	944	991	891
Education and health services(3)	856	1,002	1,030	579	585	580	532	533	543
Health care and social assistance	776	910	928	507	499	498	461	450	464
Leisure and hospitality	646	701	770	872	923	935	864	882	895
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	77	64	151	136	119	154	136	98
Accommodation and food services	575	624	706	721	787	816	710	746	798
Government(4)	470	463	486	286	328	330	271	310	315
State and local	417	395	416	259	292	286	245	276	275
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total nonfarm	3.3	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.3
Total private(1)	3.5	3.9	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7
Construction	2.2	2.1	2.1	6.3	5.1	4.7	5.7	5.2	4.3
Manufacturing	2.3	2.5	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0	2.2	2.1
Durable goods	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.8	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	2.2	2.6	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.3	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	3.1	3.4	3.6	4.2	4.3	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.9
Retail trade	3.1	3.3	3.8	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.7
Professional and business services	4.5	5.8	6.3	5.2	5.3	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.5
Education and health services(3)	3.8	4.4	4.5	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	4.1	4.7	4.8	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	4.2	4.4	4.8	5.9	6.1	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.2	3.5	2.9	7.2	6.3	5.5	7.3	6.3	4.5
Accommodation and food services	4.4	4.6	5.2	5.7	6.1	6.3	5.6	5.8	6.1
Government(4)	2.1	2.1	2.2	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.4
State and local	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (2) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (3) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (4) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Sampling error estimates are available at 
www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	4,726	5,109	5,334	5,357	5,323	5,753	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	4,256	4,626	4,849	4,857	4,859	5,266	3.5	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.2
Construction	138	168	137	163	137	137	2.2	2.6	2.1	2.5	2.1	2.1
Manufacturing	286	333	335	333	310	342	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.7
Durable goods	185	211	215	194	190	195	2.3	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	101	122	120	139	120	147	2.2	2.6	2.6	3.0	2.6	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	835	880	951	957	945	1,018	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.6
Retail trade	490	515	530	537	543	620	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.8
Professional and business services	911	1,014	1,070	1,103	1,209	1,331	4.5	4.9	5.2	5.3	5.8	6.3
Education and health services(6)	856	903	992	968	1,002	1,030	3.8	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.5
Health care and social assistance	776	810	893	883	910	928	4.1	4.2	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.8
Leisure and hospitality	646	740	716	735	701	770	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	92	67	77	77	64	3.2	4.1	3.0	3.4	3.5	2.9
Accommodation and food services	575	649	649	658	624	706	4.4	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6	5.2
Government(7)	470	483	485	499	463	486	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
State and local	417	416	414	427	395	416	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1
REGION(8)
Northeast	792	827	833	805	788	942	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.4
South	1,743	1,881	1,994	2,021	2,070	2,211	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1
Midwest	1,104	1,203	1,199	1,240	1,240	1,275	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8
West	1,087	1,198	1,308	1,290	1,224	1,324	3.3	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.0
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	5,003	5,088	5,034	5,060	5,182	4,983	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	4,718	4,759	4,698	4,732	4,854	4,653	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.9
Construction	385	307	345	320	325	300	6.3	4.8	5.4	5.0	5.1	4.7
Manufacturing	266	257	252	245	271	267	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	158	152	144	141	158	160	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.8	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	108	105	109	104	113	107	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	1,102	1,105	1,039	1,107	1,146	1,130	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.2
Retail trade	764	756	722	782	786	786	5.0	4.9	4.6	5.0	5.0	5.0
Professional and business services	1,000	1,073	1,040	1,040	1,054	948	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.3	4.8
Education and health services(6)	579	591	598	598	585	580	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6
Health care and social assistance	507	518	517	515	499	498	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	872	928	907	932	923	935	5.9	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	151	152	130	154	136	119	7.2	7.1	6.0	7.1	6.3	5.5
Accommodation and food services	721	776	777	778	787	816	5.7	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.3
Government(7)	286	329	336	328	328	330	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
State and local	259	294	300	286	292	286	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5
REGION(8)
Northeast	748	784	770	803	766	773	2.9	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9
South	2,008	1,947	1,944	1,966	2,089	2,020	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.1	3.9
Midwest	1,124	1,215	1,214	1,150	1,158	1,068	3.6	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.3
West	1,124	1,142	1,107	1,141	1,168	1,122	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	4,711	5,065	4,895	4,799	4,906	4,716	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	4,440	4,735	4,574	4,480	4,596	4,401	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Construction	350	345	300	280	333	273	5.7	5.4	4.7	4.4	5.2	4.3
Manufacturing	240	264	262	238	266	254	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1
Durable goods	141	152	153	141	160	169	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.2
Nondurable goods	99	112	109	97	105	85	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.3	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	1,038	1,120	1,028	1,071	1,077	1,054	3.9	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.9
Retail trade	723	768	713	745	746	739	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.7
Professional and business services	944	1,019	1,005	961	991	891	4.9	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.5
Education and health services(6)	532	536	520	547	533	543	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	461	465	450	467	450	464	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	864	933	948	892	882	895	5.9	6.2	6.3	5.9	5.8	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	154	150	132	120	136	98	7.3	7.0	6.2	5.5	6.3	4.5
Accommodation and food services	710	783	816	772	746	798	5.6	6.1	6.3	6.0	5.8	6.1
Government(7)	271	331	321	319	310	315	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
State and local	245	296	285	280	276	275	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast	753	785	756	730	727	686	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.6
South	1,845	1,942	1,952	1,909	1,877	1,943	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8
Midwest	1,005	1,193	1,138	1,087	1,145	1,115	3.2	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.5
West	1,109	1,145	1,049	1,073	1,157	973	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.6	3.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	2,542	2,769	2,709	2,730	2,738	2,695	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	2,405	2,611	2,562	2,579	2,576	2,534	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1
Construction	106	122	120	115	107	109	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7
Manufacturing	132	129	141	122	138	127	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0
Durable goods	73	72	80	71	81	82	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0
Nondurable goods	59	56	62	51	57	45	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	580	649	611	624	618	600	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	421	492	446	444	462	425	2.7	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.7
Professional and business services	453	474	506	516	510	453	2.4	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.3
Education and health services(6)	348	353	346	358	347	360	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Health care and social assistance	310	313	309	315	306	306	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6
Leisure and hospitality	531	613	562	573	585	616	3.6	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	48	46	47	53	52	52	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.4
Accommodation and food services	483	567	515	520	533	563	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.3
Government(7)	136	158	147	151	161	161	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
State and local	127	147	136	140	150	149	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8
REGION(8)
Northeast	345	398	388	381	370	399	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5
South	1,030	1,128	1,125	1,123	1,129	1,178	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.3
Midwest	581	629	603	632	616	603	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9
West	584	613	593	595	622	515	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	1,827	1,894	1,784	1,660	1,779	1,609	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	1,752	1,791	1,679	1,562	1,686	1,527	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Durable goods	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nondurable goods	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	75	103	105	98	93	82	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	353	308	295	273	280	210	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.8
South	663	690	682	615	599	601	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2
Midwest	364	479	432	380	456	418	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.3
West	447	418	374	392	445	379	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	May 2015	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	343	403	402	409	389	413	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	283	333	333	340	333	341	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Durable goods	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nondurable goods	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	59	70	70	69	56	72	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Midwest	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	5,062	5,308	6,197	3.5	3.6	4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,538	4,807	5,657	3.7	3.8	4.5
Mining and logging	29	22	21	3.1	2.6	2.4
Construction	151	163	143	2.3	2.4	2.1
Manufacturing	319	302	393	2.5	2.4	3.1
Durable goods	212	191	223	2.7	2.4	2.8
Nondurable goods	107	111	170	2.3	2.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	907	920	1,100	3.3	3.3	3.9
Wholesale trade	188	159	234	3.1	2.6	3.8
Retail trade	526	539	662	3.3	3.3	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	193	223	204	3.6	4.0	3.7
Information	120	93	120	4.2	3.2	4.1
Financial activities	318	274	369	3.8	3.2	4.3
Finance and insurance	235	200	247	3.8	3.2	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	75	122	3.8	3.4	5.4
Professional and business services	896	1,205	1,348	4.5	5.7	6.3
Education and health services	939	953	1,137	4.2	4.2	5.0
Educational services	92	88	116	2.9	2.6	3.5
Health care and social assistance	847	865	1,021	4.5	4.5	5.2
Leisure and hospitality	700	708	833	4.3	4.3	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	70	56	2.6	2.8	2.2
Accommodation and food services	636	638	777	4.7	4.6	5.5
Other services	159	167	195	2.7	2.8	3.3
Government	524	501	540	2.5	2.2	2.5
Federal	51	62	65	1.8	2.2	2.3
State and local	473	439	475	2.6	2.2	2.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	845	798	1,007	3.2	2.9	3.7
South	1,857	2,055	2,382	3.6	3.8	4.4
Midwest	1,189	1,249	1,365	3.7	3.7	4.1
West	1,171	1,206	1,443	3.6	3.6	4.3
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	5,459	5,945	5,417	3.9	4.2	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,139	5,507	5,056	4.3	4.6	4.2
Mining and logging	37	30	34	4.1	3.6	4.0
Construction	465	412	356	7.2	6.3	5.3
Manufacturing	295	329	300	2.4	2.7	2.4
Durable goods	165	189	170	2.1	2.4	2.2
Nondurable goods	130	140	129	2.9	3.1	2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,112	1,141	1,148	4.2	4.2	4.3
Wholesale trade	167	184	162	2.9	3.1	2.7
Retail trade	754	775	781	4.9	4.9	5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	191	182	205	3.7	3.4	3.9
Information	85	92	78	3.1	3.3	2.8
Financial activities	224	238	203	2.8	2.9	2.5
Finance and insurance	152	162	136	2.6	2.7	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	76	67	3.4	3.6	3.1
Professional and business services	1,059	1,151	999	5.5	5.8	5.0
Education and health services	676	663	670	3.2	3.0	3.1
Educational services	96	98	105	3.1	3.0	3.3
Health care and social assistance	580	565	565	3.2	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	938	1,143	1,014	6.1	7.2	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	152	214	115	6.3	8.8	4.6
Accommodation and food services	786	928	899	6.1	7.0	6.7
Other services	248	308	255	4.4	5.4	4.5
Government	320	438	361	1.6	2.0	1.7
Federal	24	47	37	0.9	1.7	1.4
State and local	296	391	324	1.7	2.0	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	866	934	895	3.3	3.5	3.4
South	2,135	2,297	2,143	4.2	4.4	4.2
Midwest	1,182	1,338	1,108	3.8	4.2	3.5
West	1,276	1,376	1,271	4.1	4.3	4.0
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	5,029	5,112	5,069	3.6	3.6	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,692	4,603	4,694	4.0	3.8	3.9
Mining and logging	26	25	34	2.8	3.0	4.0
Construction	367	304	299	5.7	4.6	4.5
Manufacturing	262	275	273	2.1	2.2	2.2
Durable goods	150	161	182	1.9	2.1	2.3
Nondurable goods	112	114	91	2.5	2.5	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,066	1,018	1,094	4.0	3.8	4.1
Wholesale trade	167	158	168	2.9	2.6	2.8
Retail trade	727	710	750	4.7	4.5	4.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	172	151	176	3.3	2.8	3.3
Information	81	73	83	2.9	2.6	3.0
Financial activities	189	186	172	2.3	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	128	128	113	2.1	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	58	59	2.9	2.7	2.8
Professional and business services	935	990	869	4.9	5.0	4.4
Education and health services	641	632	650	3.0	2.9	3.0
Educational services	108	154	112	3.5	4.7	3.5
Health care and social assistance	533	478	538	3.0	2.6	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	903	867	988	5.9	5.5	6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	117	97	93	4.8	4.0	3.7
Accommodation and food services	786	770	895	6.0	5.8	6.7
Other services	222	233	232	3.9	4.1	4.1
Government	336	510	374	1.6	2.3	1.8
Federal	22	33	32	0.8	1.2	1.2
State and local	314	477	342	1.8	2.5	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	792	762	736	3.1	2.9	2.8
South	1,989	1,976	2,127	3.9	3.8	4.1
Midwest	1,020	1,164	1,113	3.3	3.6	3.5
West	1,227	1,211	1,092	3.9	3.7	3.4
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. . (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	2,915	2,931	3,085	2.1	2.1	2.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,752	2,685	2,891	2.3	2.2	2.4
Mining and logging	16	13	16	1.7	1.6	1.9
Construction	136	121	143	2.1	1.8	2.1
Manufacturing	153	150	148	1.3	1.2	1.2
Durable goods	84	85	96	1.1	1.1	1.2
Nondurable goods	70	65	52	1.5	1.4	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	620	624	638	2.3	2.3	2.4
Wholesale trade	79	76	89	1.3	1.3	1.5
Retail trade	445	463	445	2.9	3.0	2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	96	85	104	1.9	1.6	2.0
Information	42	39	47	1.5	1.4	1.7
Financial activities	125	106	100	1.6	1.3	1.2
Finance and insurance	90	76	65	1.5	1.3	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	35	30	35	1.7	1.4	1.6
Professional and business services	513	529	498	2.7	2.7	2.5
Education and health services	416	377	434	2.0	1.7	2.0
Educational services	50	60	73	1.6	1.8	2.3
Health care and social assistance	366	317	361	2.0	1.7	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	621	613	727	4.0	3.9	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	64	58	69	2.6	2.4	2.8
Accommodation and food services	557	555	658	4.3	4.2	4.9
Other services	109	113	139	1.9	2.0	2.4
Government	163	246	194	0.8	1.1	0.9
Federal	9	12	12	0.3	0.4	0.5
State and local	154	233	181	0.9	1.2	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	380	389	447	1.5	1.5	1.7
South	1,165	1,211	1,333	2.3	2.3	2.6
Midwest	664	670	683	2.1	2.1	2.1
West	706	661	621	2.2	2.0	1.9
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	1,738	1,716	1,544	1.3	1.2	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,641	1,558	1,453	1.4	1.3	1.2
Mining and logging	8	9	16	0.8	1.1	1.9
Construction	225	168	135	3.5	2.6	2.0
Manufacturing	79	97	103	0.6	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	54	60	70	0.7	0.8	0.9
Nondurable goods	26	38	32	0.6	0.8	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	343	307	335	1.3	1.1	1.2
Wholesale trade	80	74	66	1.4	1.3	1.1
Retail trade	200	183	210	1.3	1.2	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	63	50	59	1.2	0.9	1.1
Information	31	27	23	1.1	1.0	0.8
Financial activities	42	53	54	0.5	0.7	0.7
Finance and insurance	22	31	33	0.4	0.5	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	23	20	1.0	1.1	0.9
Professional and business services	377	387	336	2.0	1.9	1.7
Education and health services	187	192	157	0.9	0.9	0.7
Educational services	52	88	29	1.7	2.7	0.9
Health care and social assistance	135	104	128	0.7	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	250	218	212	1.6	1.4	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	35	19	2.1	1.4	0.7
Accommodation and food services	200	184	193	1.5	1.4	1.4
Other services	99	98	84	1.8	1.7	1.5
Government	97	158	91	0.5	0.7	0.4
Federal	5	9	10	0.2	0.3	0.4
State and local	91	148	82	0.5	0.8	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	350	270	212	1.4	1.0	0.8
South	653	589	608	1.3	1.1	1.2
Midwest	295	409	337	0.9	1.3	1.1
West	439	448	388	1.4	1.4	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)	July 2014	June 2015	July 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	376	465	440	0.3	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	299	359	351	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mining and logging	2	3	2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Construction	5	15	22	0.1	0.2	0.3
Manufacturing	30	28	22	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	12	17	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	17	11	7	0.4	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103	87	121	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wholesale trade	9	8	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	81	64	95	0.5	0.4	0.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	15	13	0.3	0.3	0.2
Information	8	7	13	0.3	0.2	0.5
Financial activities	22	26	18	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	15	21	14	0.3	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	5	4	0.3	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	45	74	35	0.2	0.4	0.2
Education and health services	38	63	58	0.2	0.3	0.3
Educational services	6	6	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	33	56	49	0.2	0.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	32	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	4	6	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	29	31	44	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services	14	21	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Government	77	106	89	0.4	0.5	0.4
Federal	8	11	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
State and local	68	95	79	0.4	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	62	103	77	0.2	0.4	0.3
South	171	176	187	0.3	0.3	0.4
Midwest	61	84	94	0.2	0.3	0.3
West	82	102	82	0.3	0.3	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.