For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 12, 2021	USDL-21-1830
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

			      JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2021

The number of job openings declined to 10.4 million on the last business day of August following a 
series high in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires decreased to 6.3 million 
while total separations were little changed at 6.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate increased to a 
series high of 2.9 percent while the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 0.9 percent. This 
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total 
nonfarm sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of August, the number and rate of job openings decreased to 10.4 million        
(-659,000) and 6.6 percent, respectively. Job openings decreased in several industries with the largest 
decreases in health care and social assistance (-224,000); accommodation and food services (-178,000); 
and state and local government education (-124,000). Job openings increased in federal government 
(+22,000). The number of job openings decreased in the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In August, the number and rate of hires decreased to 6.3 million (-439,000) and 4.3 percent, 
respectively. Hires decreased in accommodation and food services (-240,000) and in state and local 
government education (-160,000). The number of hires decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In August, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 6.0 million and 4.1 percent, 
respectively. The total separations level increased in accommodation and food services (+203,000) and 
in state and local government education (+57,000). The total separations level decreased in other 
services (-68,000) and in state and local government, excluding education (-26,000). Total separations 
were little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

The number of quits increased in August to 4.3 million (+242,000). The quits rate increased to a series 
high of 2.9 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and food services (+157,000); wholesale trade 
(+26,000); and state and local government education (+25,000). Quits decreased in real estate and rental 
and leasing (-23,000). The number of quits increased in the South and Midwest regions. (See table 4.)

In August, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.3 million and 0.9 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in other services (-61,000) and in state and local 
government, excluding education (-22,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in state and local 
government education (+19,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See 
table 5.)

The number of other separations edged up in August to 390,000 (+49,000). Other separations increased 
in several industries with the largest increases in state and local government education (+13,000); 
information (+11,000); and durable goods manufacturing (+8,000). The other separations level increased 
in the West region. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in August 2021, hires totaled 72.6 million and separations totaled 66.7 
million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been 
hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In August, the job openings rate decreased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees. The hires 
rate decreased in large establishments with 250-999 employees. The layoffs and discharges rate 
decreased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees. The other separations rate decreased in 
large establishments with 1,000-4,999 employees. For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS 
establishment size class estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Friday, November 12, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|				Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact					|
|			      Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|													|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including		| 
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-    |
|covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm						|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	6,451	11,098	10,439	6,431	6,761	6,322	4,901	5,792	6,003
Total private	5,751	10,044	9,603	5,847	6,268	6,008	4,504	5,535	5,712
Mining and logging	16	40	36	19	24	25	18	18	19
Construction	250	347	344	398	377	381	315	383	376
Manufacturing	478	906	870	402	477	471	352	436	437
Durable goods	250	517	477	224	261	263	197	231	243
Nondurable goods	228	388	393	178	216	208	154	204	194
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,214	1,893	1,995	1,321	1,310	1,371	1,099	1,275	1,370
Wholesale trade	197	261	272	138	183	192	156	162	196
Retail trade	734	1,133	1,186	922	857	911	708	888	953
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	283	500	537	261	271	269	235	226	221
Information	78	160	154	111	98	97	72	79	84
Financial activities	290	529	479	232	224	204	212	206	184
Finance and insurance	217	344	308	149	143	132	152	134	126
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	185	170	83	80	72	61	73	58
Professional and business services	1,155	1,838	1,810	1,355	1,258	1,192	976	1,193	1,126
Education and health services	1,177	1,960	1,719	722	783	809	659	696	729
Educational services	101	198	181	98	112	134	61	69	76
Health care and social assistance	1,076	1,762	1,538	624	671	675	598	627	654
Leisure and hospitality	827	1,910	1,709	1,044	1,440	1,207	716	1,009	1,214
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	238	215	136	183	189	44	124	126
Accommodation and food services	741	1,672	1,494	908	1,258	1,018	672	885	1,088
Other services	266	459	487	243	277	251	86	240	172
Government	700	1,055	836	584	494	315	397	258	291
Federal	118	120	142	320	48	45	59	40	42
State and local	582	934	694	264	446	269	338	217	249
State and local education	205	412	288	120	290	130	224	69	126
State and local, excluding education	376	523	405	144	156	139	113	149	123
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.4	7.0	6.6	4.6	4.6	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.1
Total private	4.6	7.4	7.1	4.9	5.0	4.8	3.8	4.4	4.6
Mining and logging	2.6	6.0	5.3	3.2	3.8	3.8	3.0	2.7	2.9
Construction	3.4	4.5	4.4	5.5	5.1	5.1	4.4	5.2	5.1
Manufacturing	3.8	6.8	6.5	3.3	3.8	3.8	2.9	3.5	3.5
Durable goods	3.2	6.3	5.8	3.0	3.4	3.4	2.6	3.0	3.1
Nondurable goods	4.7	7.7	7.7	3.9	4.6	4.4	3.4	4.4	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	6.5	6.8	5.0	4.8	5.0	4.1	4.7	5.0
Wholesale trade	3.4	4.4	4.5	2.5	3.2	3.3	2.8	2.8	3.4
Retail trade	4.7	6.9	7.2	6.1	5.6	5.9	4.7	5.8	6.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.5	7.3	7.8	4.3	4.3	4.2	3.9	3.6	3.5
Information	2.9	5.5	5.3	4.2	3.6	3.5	2.7	2.9	3.0
Financial activities	3.2	5.7	5.1	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	3.2	5.0	4.5	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.0	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	3.2	7.5	6.9	3.8	3.5	3.1	2.8	3.2	2.5
Professional and business services	5.5	8.1	7.9	6.8	6.0	5.7	4.9	5.7	5.4
Education and health services	4.9	7.7	6.8	3.1	3.3	3.4	2.9	2.9	3.1
Educational services	2.8	5.2	4.8	2.8	3.1	3.7	1.8	1.9	2.1
Health care and social assistance	5.2	8.1	7.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	6.0	11.2	10.1	8.1	9.5	7.9	5.5	6.6	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.0	10.2	9.2	8.3	8.7	8.9	2.7	6.0	5.9
Accommodation and food services	6.1	11.3	10.2	8.0	9.6	7.8	5.9	6.7	8.3
Other services	4.7	7.4	7.8	4.5	4.8	4.4	1.6	4.2	3.0
Government	3.1	4.6	3.7	2.6	2.2	1.4	1.8	1.2	1.3
Federal	3.6	4.0	4.7	10.1	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.4	1.4
State and local	3.0	4.6	3.5	1.4	2.3	1.4	1.8	1.1	1.3
State and local education	2.0	3.9	2.7	1.2	2.8	1.3	2.2	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	4.1	5.5	4.3	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	6,451	9,193	9,483	10,185	11,098	10,439	4.4	6.0	6.1	6.5	7.0	6.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,751	8,263	8,601	9,226	10,044	9,603	4.6	6.3	6.5	6.9	7.4	7.1
Mining and logging	16	23	26	28	40	36	2.6	3.6	4.0	4.3	6.0	5.3
Construction	250	351	317	338	347	344	3.4	4.5	4.1	4.4	4.5	4.4
Manufacturing	478	825	853	880	906	870	3.8	6.3	6.5	6.7	6.8	6.5
Durable goods	250	462	480	494	517	477	3.2	5.7	5.9	6.1	6.3	5.8
Nondurable goods	228	364	373	386	388	393	4.7	7.2	7.4	7.6	7.7	7.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,214	1,644	1,687	1,943	1,893	1,995	4.4	5.7	5.8	6.6	6.5	6.8
Wholesale trade	197	285	277	274	261	272	3.4	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.5
Retail trade	734	955	1,020	1,195	1,133	1,186	4.7	5.9	6.3	7.2	6.9	7.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	283	404	390	474	500	537	4.5	6.1	5.9	7.0	7.3	7.8
Information	78	114	140	161	160	154	2.9	4.0	4.9	5.6	5.5	5.3
Financial activities	290	416	392	346	529	479	3.2	4.5	4.3	3.8	5.7	5.1
Finance and insurance	217	292	289	246	344	308	3.2	4.3	4.2	3.6	5.0	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	124	103	100	185	170	3.2	5.2	4.3	4.2	7.5	6.9
Professional and business services	1,155	1,591	1,562	1,719	1,838	1,810	5.5	7.1	7.0	7.6	8.1	7.9
Education and health services	1,177	1,529	1,630	1,700	1,960	1,719	4.9	6.1	6.5	6.7	7.7	6.8
Educational services	101	130	169	201	198	181	2.8	3.6	4.6	5.4	5.2	4.8
Health care and social assistance	1,076	1,400	1,461	1,498	1,762	1,538	5.2	6.5	6.8	7.0	8.1	7.1
Leisure and hospitality	827	1,405	1,511	1,685	1,910	1,709	6.0	9.1	9.5	10.2	11.2	10.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	247	194	216	238	215	5.0	11.5	9.0	9.6	10.2	9.2
Accommodation and food services	741	1,159	1,317	1,469	1,672	1,494	6.1	8.7	9.6	10.3	11.3	10.2
Other services	266	364	483	425	459	487	4.7	6.1	8.0	7.0	7.4	7.8
Government	700	930	882	959	1,055	836	3.1	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.6	3.7
Federal	118	143	126	119	120	142	3.6	4.7	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.7
State and local	582	787	756	840	934	694	3.0	4.0	3.9	4.2	4.6	3.5
State and local education	205	288	322	446	412	288	2.0	2.9	3.2	4.3	3.9	2.7
State and local, excluding education	376	500	433	394	523	405	4.1	5.3	4.6	4.2	5.5	4.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,040	1,645	1,694	1,746	2,030	1,802	3.9	5.9	6.0	6.2	7.0	6.3
South	2,566	3,509	3,594	3,888	4,203	4,077	4.7	6.2	6.3	6.8	7.2	7.0
Midwest	1,387	2,069	2,064	2,227	2,394	2,168	4.3	6.2	6.2	6.6	7.0	6.4
West	1,459	1,970	2,131	2,323	2,472	2,393	4.2	5.5	5.9	6.4	6.7	6.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	6,431	6,012	6,022	6,827	6,761	6,322	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.7	4.6	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,847	5,661	5,703	6,398	6,268	6,008	4.9	4.6	4.6	5.2	5.0	4.8
Mining and logging	19	21	23	25	24	25	3.2	3.5	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.8
Construction	398	328	304	371	377	381	5.5	4.4	4.1	5.0	5.1	5.1
Manufacturing	402	399	427	483	477	471	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.9	3.8	3.8
Durable goods	224	216	235	280	261	263	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.4
Nondurable goods	178	183	192	203	216	208	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,321	1,210	1,271	1,585	1,310	1,371	5.0	4.5	4.7	5.8	4.8	5.0
Wholesale trade	138	170	163	175	183	192	2.5	3.0	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.3
Retail trade	922	793	832	1,126	857	911	6.1	5.2	5.5	7.3	5.6	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	261	246	277	283	271	269	4.3	3.9	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.2
Information	111	101	99	91	98	97	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.5
Financial activities	232	211	201	209	224	204	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.3
Finance and insurance	149	141	130	139	143	132	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	70	70	70	80	72	3.8	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.1
Professional and business services	1,355	1,056	1,049	1,163	1,258	1,192	6.8	5.1	5.1	5.6	6.0	5.7
Education and health services	722	749	760	796	783	809	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.4
Educational services	98	88	102	128	112	134	2.8	2.5	2.9	3.6	3.1	3.7
Health care and social assistance	624	661	658	667	671	675	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,044	1,336	1,346	1,392	1,440	1,207	8.1	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5	7.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	136	187	186	180	183	189	8.3	9.8	9.5	8.8	8.7	8.9
Accommodation and food services	908	1,150	1,160	1,212	1,258	1,018	8.0	9.4	9.3	9.5	9.6	7.8
Other services	243	249	222	284	277	251	4.5	4.5	4.0	5.0	4.8	4.4
Government	584	351	319	429	494	315	2.6	1.6	1.5	2.0	2.2	1.4
Federal	320	43	35	36	48	45	10.1	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.6
State and local	264	308	284	393	446	269	1.4	1.6	1.5	2.1	2.3	1.4
State and local education	120	159	180	267	290	130	1.2	1.6	1.8	2.7	2.8	1.3
State and local, excluding education	144	149	104	126	156	139	1.6	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,063	961	880	1,021	1,015	961	4.1	3.7	3.3	3.8	3.8	3.6
South	2,463	2,359	2,442	2,647	2,635	2,580	4.8	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.9	4.8
Midwest	1,459	1,290	1,278	1,641	1,581	1,305	4.8	4.1	4.1	5.2	5.0	4.1
West	1,447	1,401	1,421	1,519	1,530	1,476	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	4,901	5,803	5,330	5,612	5,792	6,003	3.5	4.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,504	5,478	5,047	5,350	5,535	5,712	3.8	4.5	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.6
Mining and logging	18	20	21	19	18	19	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.0	2.7	2.9
Construction	315	349	334	379	383	376	4.4	4.7	4.5	5.1	5.2	5.1
Manufacturing	352	427	380	427	436	437	2.9	3.5	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.5
Durable goods	197	240	199	237	231	243	2.6	3.2	2.6	3.1	3.0	3.1
Nondurable goods	154	187	181	191	204	194	3.4	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.4	4.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,099	1,313	1,174	1,267	1,275	1,370	4.1	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.7	5.0
Wholesale trade	156	169	142	142	162	196	2.8	3.0	2.5	2.5	2.8	3.4
Retail trade	708	832	768	861	888	953	4.7	5.5	5.0	5.6	5.8	6.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	235	312	264	265	226	221	3.9	5.0	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.5
Information	72	84	78	88	79	84	2.7	3.1	2.9	3.2	2.9	3.0
Financial activities	212	200	195	203	206	184	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	152	139	135	143	134	126	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.0	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	61	61	60	60	73	58	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.6	3.2	2.5
Professional and business services	976	1,126	969	1,100	1,193	1,126	4.9	5.4	4.7	5.3	5.7	5.4
Education and health services	659	721	691	719	696	729	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.1	2.9	3.1
Educational services	61	92	68	65	69	76	1.8	2.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.1
Health care and social assistance	598	628	624	654	627	654	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	716	1,021	987	955	1,009	1,214	5.5	7.2	6.9	6.5	6.6	8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	44	108	122	120	124	126	2.7	5.7	6.2	5.9	6.0	5.9
Accommodation and food services	672	913	866	834	885	1,088	5.9	7.5	7.0	6.5	6.7	8.3
Other services	86	218	216	193	240	172	1.6	3.9	3.9	3.4	4.2	3.0
Government	397	325	284	262	258	291	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Federal	59	38	44	50	40	42	1.9	1.3	1.5	1.7	1.4	1.4
State and local	338	287	240	212	217	249	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3
State and local education	224	143	104	57	69	126	2.2	1.5	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	113	144	136	155	149	123	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	740	838	784	815	918	882	2.9	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.3
South	1,985	2,350	2,119	2,219	2,269	2,366	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.4
Midwest	1,083	1,268	1,209	1,296	1,305	1,390	3.5	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.4
West	1,093	1,347	1,218	1,281	1,300	1,365	3.3	4.0	3.6	3.8	3.8	4.0
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	2,987	3,992	3,630	3,870	4,028	4,270	2.1	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.7	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,764	3,810	3,470	3,713	3,872	4,096	2.3	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.1	3.3
Mining and logging	6	11	10	12	9	10	1.1	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.6
Construction	95	176	156	185	198	199	1.3	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.7	2.7
Manufacturing	225	286	245	304	300	306	1.9	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.4	2.5
Durable goods	124	155	120	163	154	166	1.7	2.0	1.6	2.1	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	101	132	126	141	146	141	2.2	2.8	2.7	3.0	3.1	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	726	947	851	905	954	1,024	2.7	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.7
Wholesale trade	87	111	90	105	129	155	1.6	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.3	2.7
Retail trade	505	629	596	637	682	721	3.4	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	135	206	166	164	143	148	2.2	3.3	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.3
Information	37	52	45	48	50	44	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.6
Financial activities	128	141	121	127	133	119	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3
Finance and insurance	102	102	86	78	79	88	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	26	40	35	49	54	31	1.2	1.8	1.6	2.2	2.4	1.3
Professional and business services	546	763	614	684	697	706	2.7	3.7	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.4
Education and health services	438	551	523	548	582	579	1.9	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.4
Educational services	34	52	51	46	50	45	1.0	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.2
Health care and social assistance	404	499	472	502	532	534	2.1	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	502	752	762	772	807	971	3.9	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.3	6.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	11	57	59	66	72	79	0.7	3.0	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.7
Accommodation and food services	491	695	703	706	735	892	4.3	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.6	6.8
Other services	61	131	143	128	142	136	1.1	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.4
Government	223	182	160	156	157	175	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
Federal	20	18	22	25	19	19	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.7
State and local	203	165	138	131	137	156	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
State and local education	128	84	64	34	45	70	1.3	0.9	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.7
State and local, excluding education	75	81	74	97	92	86	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	404	507	458	531	589	599	1.6	1.9	1.7	2.0	2.2	2.2
South	1,308	1,696	1,487	1,561	1,596	1,722	2.5	3.2	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.2
Midwest	660	873	827	889	921	1,015	2.2	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.9	3.2
West	615	916	858	888	921	935	1.9	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	1,573	1,450	1,353	1,354	1,423	1,343	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,485	1,365	1,281	1,300	1,368	1,290	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mining and logging	10	7	8	6	7	8	1.7	1.2	1.3	0.9	1.1	1.2
Construction	205	158	160	183	167	159	2.8	2.1	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.1
Manufacturing	103	112	110	101	118	104	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.8
Durable goods	59	65	64	59	67	59	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nondurable goods	43	47	45	42	51	44	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	328	278	278	298	267	278	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Wholesale trade	62	45	45	26	27	33	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.6
Retail trade	177	148	149	189	167	187	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	89	85	84	83	73	58	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1	0.9
Information	30	24	27	30	26	25	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9
Financial activities	55	38	43	42	47	36	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finance and insurance	24	21	24	37	30	16	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	31	17	19	4	17	21	1.4	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.7	0.9
Professional and business services	376	292	278	307	404	348	1.9	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.9	1.7
Education and health services	177	142	122	115	75	105	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4
Educational services	22	35	14	15	16	27	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.7
Health care and social assistance	155	107	108	100	59	78	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	186	235	199	160	171	200	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	31	48	55	53	50	44	1.9	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.1
Accommodation and food services	155	187	144	106	121	155	1.4	1.5	1.2	0.8	0.9	1.2
Other services	15	77	57	59	88	27	0.3	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.5	0.5
Government	87	86	72	54	55	53	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	24	9	9	10	7	8	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	63	77	63	43	47	45	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	54	39	27	15	17	36	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3
State and local, excluding education	9	38	36	29	31	9	0.1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	284	269	273	216	258	216	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.0	0.8
South	549	519	491	518	541	490	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
Midwest	351	321	315	324	308	299	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9
West	388	341	274	295	316	337	1.2	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	Apr. 2021	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	342	360	347	389	341	390	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	255	303	295	337	295	327	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	2	3	1	1	1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Construction	15	14	19	11	18	18	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	24	28	25	22	18	27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	14	21	15	14	10	18	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	8	10	8	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	45	88	45	64	54	69	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	7	12	8	12	6	8	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	26	55	23	34	38	45	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	20	14	17	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	4	8	6	11	3	14	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.5
Financial activities	30	21	31	34	27	29	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	25	16	25	27	25	22	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	4	6	7	2	7	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	53	71	76	109	92	72	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3
Education and health services	44	28	47	55	38	45	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	5	6	3	4	3	4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	39	22	44	52	36	41	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	28	34	26	24	32	43	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	3	7	1	3	3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	26	31	19	23	29	40	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services	10	10	16	7	11	10	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2
Government	87	57	52	52	46	64	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Federal	15	12	13	14	14	15	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	72	46	39	38	33	49	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local education	42	20	13	8	7	20	0.4	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	30	25	27	30	26	29	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	52	62	53	68	70	67	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
South	128	135	140	140	132	154	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Midwest	72	74	67	83	75	77	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
West	90	90	87	98	63	93	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	6,591	11,901	10,679	4.5	7.5	6.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,866	10,658	9,865	4.7	7.8	7.3
Mining and logging	18	44	39	2.9	6.4	5.7
Construction	271	377	365	3.5	4.7	4.6
Manufacturing	486	974	892	3.9	7.2	6.7
Durable goods	256	554	491	3.3	6.7	5.9
Nondurable goods	231	420	401	4.8	8.2	7.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,304	2,056	2,128	4.7	7.0	7.2
Wholesale trade	188	291	263	3.3	4.8	4.4
Retail trade	842	1,245	1,324	5.3	7.5	8.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	275	520	540	4.4	7.7	7.9
Information	82	181	161	3.0	6.1	5.5
Financial activities	281	553	477	3.1	5.9	5.1
Finance and insurance	212	354	310	3.2	5.1	4.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	69	199	167	3.0	7.9	6.7
Professional and business services	1,168	1,913	1,832	5.5	8.3	8.0
Education and health services	1,166	2,034	1,725	4.9	8.0	6.9
Educational services	102	221	184	3.1	6.3	5.3
Health care and social assistance	1,064	1,813	1,541	5.1	8.3	7.1
Leisure and hospitality	834	2,026	1,747	5.8	11.3	10.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	234	206	4.0	8.9	8.0
Accommodation and food services	757	1,793	1,541	6.1	11.7	10.3
Other services	256	501	499	4.5	8.0	7.9
Government	725	1,243	814	3.3	5.6	3.7
Federal	120	126	148	3.7	4.2	4.9
State and local	605	1,117	666	3.3	5.9	3.6
State and local education	212	598	250	2.4	6.4	2.7
State and local, excluding education	393	519	416	4.2	5.3	4.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,107	2,118	1,877	4.1	7.4	6.6
South	2,589	4,520	4,158	4.8	7.7	7.2
Midwest	1,420	2,546	2,196	4.5	7.4	6.5
West	1,473	2,717	2,448	4.3	7.3	6.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	7,017	7,510	6,966	5.0	5.1	4.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,176	6,953	6,416	5.2	5.5	5.1
Mining and logging	20	26	27	3.4	4.0	4.1
Construction	396	430	381	5.3	5.6	5.0
Manufacturing	435	526	515	3.6	4.2	4.1
Durable goods	238	279	283	3.2	3.6	3.6
Nondurable goods	197	248	232	4.3	5.2	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,371	1,375	1,455	5.2	5.0	5.3
Wholesale trade	140	199	201	2.5	3.5	3.5
Retail trade	969	905	987	6.5	5.9	6.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	262	271	267	4.4	4.3	4.3
Information	114	106	101	4.3	3.8	3.6
Financial activities	244	254	215	2.8	2.9	2.4
Finance and insurance	157	164	141	2.4	2.5	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	87	89	74	3.9	3.8	3.2
Professional and business services	1,358	1,360	1,212	6.8	6.5	5.7
Education and health services	878	906	972	3.9	3.9	4.2
Educational services	169	143	209	5.3	4.3	6.3
Health care and social assistance	708	763	763	3.6	3.8	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,115	1,642	1,288	8.3	10.3	8.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	104	199	148	5.7	8.3	6.2
Accommodation and food services	1,010	1,443	1,141	8.7	10.7	8.5
Other services	247	327	250	4.6	5.7	4.3
Government	841	557	550	4.0	2.7	2.6
Federal	321	50	51	10.2	1.7	1.8
State and local	520	508	499	2.9	2.8	2.8
State and local education	377	327	361	4.3	3.8	4.0
State and local, excluding education	142	181	138	1.6	2.0	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,088	1,234	970	4.2	4.6	3.6
South	2,738	2,901	2,910	5.3	5.4	5.4
Midwest	1,582	1,645	1,438	5.2	5.2	4.5
West	1,611	1,730	1,648	4.9	5.0	4.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	5,909	6,203	7,107	4.2	4.2	4.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,339	5,929	6,618	4.5	4.7	5.3
Mining and logging	20	18	21	3.4	2.9	3.3
Construction	362	402	431	4.9	5.3	5.6
Manufacturing	430	452	518	3.5	3.6	4.2
Durable goods	244	238	292	3.2	3.1	3.8
Nondurable goods	186	214	226	4.0	4.5	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,239	1,287	1,528	4.7	4.7	5.6
Wholesale trade	175	177	215	3.1	3.1	3.7
Retail trade	821	913	1,097	5.5	5.9	7.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	243	197	216	4.1	3.2	3.4
Information	82	85	93	3.1	3.1	3.4
Financial activities	270	223	245	3.1	2.5	2.8
Finance and insurance	197	140	174	3.0	2.1	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	73	82	71	3.3	3.5	3.0
Professional and business services	1,039	1,246	1,201	5.2	5.9	5.7
Education and health services	755	816	847	3.3	3.5	3.6
Educational services	107	88	127	3.4	2.7	3.8
Health care and social assistance	649	728	720	3.3	3.6	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	983	1,124	1,499	7.3	7.1	9.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	138	119	219	7.5	5.0	9.2
Accommodation and food services	845	1,005	1,280	7.3	7.5	9.5
Other services	157	275	234	2.9	4.8	4.0
Government	570	274	489	2.7	1.3	2.3
Federal	65	39	48	2.1	1.3	1.6
State and local	505	235	441	2.8	1.3	2.4
State and local education	316	78	250	3.6	0.9	2.8
State and local, excluding education	188	157	192	2.1	1.7	2.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	945	934	1,095	3.7	3.5	4.1
South	2,345	2,492	2,774	4.5	4.6	5.1
Midwest	1,315	1,344	1,603	4.3	4.2	5.0
West	1,304	1,434	1,635	4.0	4.2	4.8
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	3,834	4,536	5,217	2.7	3.1	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,514	4,371	4,923	2.9	3.5	3.9
Mining and logging	10	11	14	1.7	1.8	2.1
Construction	145	243	256	1.9	3.2	3.3
Manufacturing	291	320	376	2.4	2.6	3.0
Durable goods	160	158	205	2.1	2.0	2.6
Nondurable goods	131	161	171	2.8	3.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	877	1,026	1,193	3.3	3.8	4.4
Wholesale trade	106	138	175	1.9	2.4	3.1
Retail trade	621	731	857	4.1	4.8	5.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	151	157	160	2.5	2.5	2.6
Information	51	57	57	1.9	2.0	2.0
Financial activities	166	146	158	1.9	1.6	1.8
Finance and insurance	129	89	118	2.0	1.4	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	58	40	1.7	2.5	1.7
Professional and business services	637	765	807	3.2	3.6	3.8
Education and health services	517	670	675	2.3	2.9	2.9
Educational services	63	64	74	2.0	2.0	2.2
Health care and social assistance	454	606	600	2.3	3.0	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	723	956	1,212	5.4	6.0	7.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	71	90	145	3.8	3.8	6.1
Accommodation and food services	653	866	1,067	5.6	6.4	7.9
Other services	97	178	176	1.8	3.1	3.0
Government	321	164	294	1.5	0.8	1.4
Federal	25	19	23	0.8	0.6	0.8
State and local	296	146	271	1.7	0.8	1.5
State and local education	192	44	159	2.2	0.5	1.8
State and local, excluding education	104	102	113	1.1	1.1	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	547	642	759	2.1	2.4	2.8
South	1,595	1,832	2,066	3.1	3.4	3.8
Midwest	864	1,003	1,210	2.8	3.2	3.8
West	827	1,058	1,182	2.5	3.1	3.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	1,704	1,304	1,463	1.2	0.9	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,554	1,248	1,347	1.3	1.0	1.1
Mining and logging	9	6	7	1.5	0.9	1.1
Construction	201	141	154	2.7	1.8	2.0
Manufacturing	118	114	117	1.0	0.9	0.9
Durable goods	73	69	70	1.0	0.9	0.9
Nondurable goods	45	45	47	1.0	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	315	202	263	1.2	0.7	1.0
Wholesale trade	63	32	32	1.1	0.6	0.6
Retail trade	173	141	192	1.2	0.9	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	80	29	39	1.3	0.5	0.6
Information	28	25	23	1.1	0.9	0.8
Financial activities	68	49	49	0.8	0.6	0.6
Finance and insurance	34	26	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	23	24	1.5	1.0	1.0
Professional and business services	351	380	328	1.7	1.8	1.5
Education and health services	189	108	121	0.8	0.5	0.5
Educational services	37	19	47	1.2	0.6	1.4
Health care and social assistance	152	89	74	0.8	0.4	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	227	137	239	1.7	0.9	1.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	64	27	69	3.5	1.1	2.9
Accommodation and food services	164	110	170	1.4	0.8	1.3
Other services	47	86	47	0.9	1.5	0.8
Government	150	56	116	0.7	0.3	0.6
Federal	25	6	8	0.8	0.2	0.3
State and local	125	50	108	0.7	0.3	0.6
State and local education	75	24	62	0.9	0.3	0.7
State and local, excluding education	50	26	45	0.6	0.3	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	339	211	260	1.3	0.8	1.0
South	607	531	541	1.2	1.0	1.0
Midwest	366	265	301	1.2	0.8	0.9
West	391	297	360	1.2	0.9	1.0
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Aug. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)
Total	371	364	427	0.3	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	272	311	348	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Construction	16	18	21	0.2	0.2	0.3
Manufacturing	22	19	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	12	11	16	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	10	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	46	60	72	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	6	8	7	0.1	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	27	41	48	0.2	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	11	17	0.2	0.2	0.3
Information	4	3	13	0.1	0.1	0.5
Financial activities	37	27	38	0.4	0.3	0.4
Finance and insurance	33	26	31	0.5	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	1	7	0.2	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	51	101	66	0.3	0.5	0.3
Education and health services	49	39	51	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	7	5	6	0.2	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	42	34	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	32	31	48	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	2	5	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	29	29	43	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services	13	11	12	0.2	0.2	0.2
Government	100	53	79	0.5	0.3	0.4
Federal	16	14	17	0.5	0.5	0.6
State and local	84	39	63	0.5	0.2	0.3
State and local education	50	10	29	0.6	0.1	0.3
State and local, excluding education	34	29	34	0.4	0.3	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	57	81	75	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	143	129	168	0.3	0.2	0.3
Midwest	85	75	92	0.3	0.2	0.3
West	86	79	93	0.3	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.