Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, November 1, 2023  USDL-23-2315
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2023

The number of job openings changed little at 9.6 million on the last business day of September, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires and total separations 
changed little at 5.9 million and 5.5 million, respectively. Within separations, quits  
(3.7 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 
by establishment size class.
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of September, the number of job openings changed little at 9.6 million, and the 
rate was unchanged at 5.7 percent. Over the month, job openings increased in accommodation and food 
services (+141,000) and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+39,000). Job openings decreased in 
other services (-124,000), federal government (-43,000), and information (-41,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number of hires changed little at 5.9 million, and the rate was 3.7 percent for the third 
month in a row. The number of hires changed little in all industries. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ 
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the 
employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to 
other locations of the same firm.

The number and rate of total separations in September changed little at 5.5 million and 3.5 percent, 
respectively. Over the month, the number of total separations decreased in state and local government 
education (-42,000) and in nondurable goods manufacturing (-37,000) but increased in federal 
government (+8,000). (See table 3.)

In September, the number of quits changed little at 3.7 million, and the rate was 2.3 percent for the 3rd 
consecutive month. The number of quits increased in information (+24,000) but decreased in state and 
local government, excluding education (-15,000). (See table 4.)

In September, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in state and local government 
education (-22,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little in September at 352,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In September, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates changed little for establishments with 1 
to 9 employees. The job openings rate decreased for establishments with 5,000 or more employees. 
(See table 7.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2023 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, December 5, 2023, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	10,854	9,497	9,553	6,226	5,850	5,871	5,810	5,687	5,530
Total private	9,788	8,433	8,570	5,828	5,475	5,501	5,425	5,343	5,237
Mining and logging	29	30	35	24	27	23	22	26	22
Construction	466	375	431	366	372	303	362	344	310
Manufacturing	812	604	627	399	392	359	372	384	352
Durable goods	483	378	382	219	203	202	206	192	196
Nondurable goods	329	226	245	180	189	157	167	193	156
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,622	1,309	1,397	1,297	1,118	1,215	1,267	1,119	1,162
Wholesale trade	252	236	259	179	146	158	169	139	145
Retail trade	827	651	674	760	656	750	743	655	719
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	542	421	463	358	317	307	356	325	298
Information	219	201	160	100	71	76	98	68	85
Financial activities	483	553	647	239	212	194	217	215	197
Finance and insurance	275	410	479	156	142	118	142	141	121
Real estate and rental and leasing	208	142	168	84	70	75	75	74	76
Professional and business services	2,155	1,737	1,632	1,191	1,108	1,083	1,125	1,123	1,048
Education and health services	2,214	1,971	1,931	819	893	865	716	800	771
Educational services	185	164	173	97	95	92	87	88	88
Health care and social assistance	2,029	1,808	1,758	722	798	773	629	712	683
Leisure and hospitality	1,546	1,233	1,414	1,155	1,077	1,171	1,036	1,048	1,102
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	200	166	205	166	165	161	141	160	172
Accommodation and food services	1,345	1,068	1,209	990	911	1,010	895	888	929
Other services	243	420	296	237	206	213	209	215	189
Government	1,066	1,064	983	398	375	370	384	344	293
Federal	185	174	131	43	41	45	44	32	40
State and local	881	890	852	355	334	325	341	312	253
State and local education	296	330	337	170	175	175	166	165	123
State and local, excluding education	585	560	515	184	159	149	175	148	130
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	6.6	5.7	5.7	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.5
Total private	6.9	5.9	6.0	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9
Mining and logging	4.6	4.5	5.2	3.9	4.1	3.5	3.6	4.0	3.4
Construction	5.6	4.5	5.1	4.7	4.6	3.8	4.6	4.3	3.9
Manufacturing	5.9	4.4	4.6	3.1	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.7
Durable goods	5.7	4.4	4.5	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.4
Nondurable goods	6.3	4.5	4.8	3.7	3.9	3.2	3.4	4.0	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	5.3	4.3	4.6	4.5	3.9	4.2	4.4	3.9	4.0
Wholesale trade	4.0	3.8	4.1	3.0	2.4	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.4
Retail trade	5.1	4.0	4.2	4.9	4.2	4.8	4.8	4.2	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.9	5.5	6.0	4.9	4.4	4.2	4.9	4.5	4.1
Information	6.6	6.1	4.9	3.2	2.3	2.5	3.2	2.2	2.8
Financial activities	5.1	5.7	6.6	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	3.9	5.8	6.6	2.3	2.1	1.8	2.1	2.1	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	8.0	5.5	6.5	3.5	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1
Professional and business services	8.7	7.0	6.6	5.2	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.9	4.6
Education and health services	8.3	7.2	7.0	3.3	3.5	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.0
Educational services	4.6	4.0	4.2	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
Health care and social assistance	8.9	7.7	7.5	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	8.8	6.9	7.8	7.2	6.5	7.0	6.4	6.3	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.9	6.3	7.6	7.0	6.7	6.4	6.0	6.5	6.9
Accommodation and food services	8.9	7.0	7.8	7.2	6.4	7.1	6.5	6.3	6.5
Other services	4.0	6.7	4.8	4.1	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.2
Government	4.6	4.5	4.1	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.3
Federal	6.1	5.6	4.2	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.1	1.4
State and local	4.4	4.3	4.1	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.3
State and local education	2.8	3.0	3.1	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.2
State and local, excluding education	6.0	5.7	5.2	2.0	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.6	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	10,854	9,165	8,920	9,497	9,553	56	6.6	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.7	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,788	8,048	7,958	8,433	8,570	137	6.9	5.7	5.6	5.9	6.0	0.1
Mining and logging	29	31	26	30	35	5	4.6	4.6	3.9	4.5	5.2	0.7
Construction	466	386	353	375	431	56	5.6	4.6	4.2	4.5	5.1	0.6
Manufacturing	812	580	544	604	627	23	5.9	4.3	4.0	4.4	4.6	0.2
Durable goods	483	364	368	378	382	4	5.7	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.5	0.1
Nondurable goods	329	215	177	226	245	19	6.3	4.2	3.5	4.5	4.8	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,622	1,450	1,442	1,309	1,397	88	5.3	4.8	4.8	4.3	4.6	0.3
Wholesale trade	252	269	246	236	259	23	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.8	4.1	0.3
Retail trade	827	737	713	651	674	23	5.1	4.5	4.4	4.0	4.2	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	542	444	483	421	463	42	6.9	5.7	6.2	5.5	6.0	0.5
Information	219	159	254	201	160	-41	6.6	4.9	7.6	6.1	4.9	-1.2
Financial activities	483	457	476	553	647	94	5.1	4.8	4.9	5.7	6.6	0.9
Finance and insurance	275	328	321	410	479	69	3.9	4.6	4.6	5.8	6.6	0.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	208	129	154	142	168	26	8.0	5.1	6.0	5.5	6.5	1.0
Professional and business services	2,155	1,534	1,432	1,737	1,632	-105	8.7	6.2	5.9	7.0	6.6	-0.4
Education and health services	2,214	1,910	1,891	1,971	1,931	-40	8.3	7.0	6.9	7.2	7.0	-0.2
Educational services	185	173	175	164	173	9	4.6	4.2	4.3	4.0	4.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	2,029	1,737	1,716	1,808	1,758	-50	8.9	7.5	7.4	7.7	7.5	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,546	1,166	1,231	1,233	1,414	181	8.8	6.6	6.9	6.9	7.8	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	200	162	156	166	205	39	7.9	6.2	6.0	6.3	7.6	1.3
Accommodation and food services	1,345	1,004	1,075	1,068	1,209	141	8.9	6.6	7.1	7.0	7.8	0.8
Other services	243	376	308	420	296	-124	4.0	6.0	5.0	6.7	4.8	-1.9
Government	1,066	1,117	962	1,064	983	-81	4.6	4.7	4.1	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Federal	185	155	151	174	131	-43	6.1	5.0	4.9	5.6	4.2	-1.4
State and local	881	962	812	890	852	-38	4.4	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.1	-0.2
State and local education	296	288	219	330	337	7	2.8	2.7	2.1	3.0	3.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	585	674	592	560	515	-45	6.0	6.8	6.0	5.7	5.2	-0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,759	1,493	1,490	1,548	1,574	26	6.0	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.3	0.1
South	4,282	3,785	3,511	3,763	3,889	126	7.0	6.1	5.7	6.1	6.3	0.2
Midwest	2,337	1,918	1,827	2,085	2,061	-24	6.6	5.4	5.2	5.9	5.8	-0.1
West	2,476	1,970	2,092	2,101	2,029	-72	6.4	5.1	5.4	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	6,226	5,940	5,822	5,850	5,871	21	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,828	5,554	5,464	5,475	5,501	26	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
Mining and logging	24	26	28	27	23	-4	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.1	3.5	-0.6
Construction	366	372	382	372	303	-69	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.6	3.8	-0.8
Manufacturing	399	396	405	392	359	-33	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Durable goods	219	203	214	203	202	-1	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	0.0
Nondurable goods	180	194	191	189	157	-32	3.7	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.2	-0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,297	1,174	1,183	1,118	1,215	97	4.5	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.2	0.3
Wholesale trade	179	143	147	146	158	12	3.0	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6	0.2
Retail trade	760	717	737	656	750	94	4.9	4.6	4.7	4.2	4.8	0.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	358	314	299	317	307	-10	4.9	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.2	-0.2
Information	100	79	85	71	76	5	3.2	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.5	0.2
Financial activities	239	183	206	212	194	-18	2.6	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	156	109	127	142	118	-24	2.3	1.6	1.9	2.1	1.8	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	84	74	79	70	75	5	3.5	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.1	0.2
Professional and business services	1,191	1,113	1,090	1,108	1,083	-25	5.2	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Education and health services	819	934	865	893	865	-28	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Educational services	97	104	93	95	92	-3	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	722	830	772	798	773	-25	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,155	1,057	1,019	1,077	1,171	94	7.2	6.4	6.1	6.5	7.0	0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	166	182	152	165	161	-4	7.0	7.4	6.2	6.7	6.4	-0.3
Accommodation and food services	990	874	867	911	1,010	99	7.2	6.2	6.1	6.4	7.1	0.7
Other services	237	220	203	206	213	7	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.6	0.1
Government	398	386	357	375	370	-5	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
Federal	43	49	46	41	45	4	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.5	0.1
State and local	355	337	312	334	325	-9	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
State and local education	170	177	140	175	175	0	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.7	0.0
State and local, excluding education	184	160	171	159	149	-10	2.0	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	912	884	871	933	942	9	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.4	0.1
South	2,595	2,495	2,456	2,518	2,473	-45	4.5	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Midwest	1,286	1,214	1,188	1,200	1,202	2	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
West	1,434	1,347	1,307	1,200	1,255	55	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.4	0.2
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	5,810	5,691	5,638	5,687	5,530	-157	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,425	5,365	5,268	5,343	5,237	-106	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Mining and logging	22	27	25	26	22	-4	3.6	4.3	3.8	4.0	3.4	-0.6
Construction	362	318	364	344	310	-34	4.6	4.0	4.6	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Manufacturing	372	391	415	384	352	-32	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Durable goods	206	195	211	192	196	4	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.4	0.0
Nondurable goods	167	197	204	193	156	-37	3.4	4.0	4.2	4.0	3.2	-0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,267	1,163	1,158	1,119	1,162	43	4.4	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.0	0.1
Wholesale trade	169	149	125	139	145	6	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.4	0.1
Retail trade	743	699	714	655	719	64	4.8	4.5	4.6	4.2	4.6	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	356	314	318	325	298	-27	4.9	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Information	98	86	113	68	85	17	3.2	2.8	3.7	2.2	2.8	0.6
Financial activities	217	166	181	215	197	-18	2.4	1.8	2.0	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	142	105	112	141	121	-20	2.1	1.6	1.7	2.1	1.8	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	75	60	69	74	76	2	3.2	2.5	2.8	3.0	3.1	0.1
Professional and business services	1,125	1,123	1,096	1,123	1,048	-75	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.9	4.6	-0.3
Education and health services	716	842	759	800	771	-29	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Educational services	87	94	95	88	88	0	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
Health care and social assistance	629	749	664	712	683	-29	3.0	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,036	1,025	953	1,048	1,102	54	6.4	6.2	5.7	6.3	6.6	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	141	161	144	160	172	12	6.0	6.5	5.8	6.5	6.9	0.4
Accommodation and food services	895	865	809	888	929	41	6.5	6.1	5.7	6.3	6.5	0.2
Other services	209	224	205	215	189	-26	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Government	384	326	370	344	293	-51	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Federal	44	42	39	32	40	8	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4	0.3
State and local	341	284	331	312	253	-59	1.8	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.3	-0.3
State and local education	166	153	165	165	123	-42	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.2	-0.4
State and local, excluding education	175	131	166	148	130	-18	1.9	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	851	828	826	752	783	31	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.8	0.1
South	2,352	2,391	2,376	2,402	2,346	-56	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Midwest	1,271	1,214	1,191	1,291	1,178	-113	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.5	-0.4
West	1,336	1,258	1,245	1,241	1,223	-18	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	4,065	3,802	3,619	3,663	3,661	-2	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,832	3,618	3,409	3,455	3,477	22	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	0.0
Mining and logging	13	16	16	15	12	-3	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.3	1.9	-0.4
Construction	148	180	182	159	143	-16	1.9	2.3	2.3	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Manufacturing	247	258	259	230	216	-14	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Durable goods	136	123	125	107	117	10	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4	0.1
Nondurable goods	110	135	134	123	99	-24	2.3	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.0	-0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	919	798	799	759	818	59	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.8	0.2
Wholesale trade	118	106	81	97	88	-9	2.0	1.8	1.3	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Retail trade	578	493	528	466	540	74	3.7	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.5	0.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	224	199	190	196	190	-6	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Information	62	48	57	23	47	24	2.0	1.5	1.8	0.7	1.5	0.8
Financial activities	134	125	112	141	130	-11	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Finance and insurance	80	77	65	94	89	-5	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	54	48	47	47	41	-6	2.3	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.7	-0.2
Professional and business services	755	612	600	617	606	-11	3.3	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Education and health services	544	614	524	575	550	-25	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Educational services	52	55	55	52	52	0	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	0.0
Health care and social assistance	492	559	469	523	497	-26	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	863	828	732	812	835	23	5.4	5.0	4.4	4.9	5.0	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	75	106	90	105	91	-14	3.2	4.3	3.7	4.2	3.6	-0.6
Accommodation and food services	789	722	642	707	744	37	5.7	5.1	4.5	5.0	5.2	0.2
Other services	147	139	129	125	119	-6	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Government	233	184	211	208	185	-23	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Federal	20	20	18	15	18	3	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.1
State and local	214	164	192	193	167	-26	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.2
State and local education	108	100	115	92	80	-12	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.8	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	106	64	78	101	86	-15	1.2	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.9	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	551	475	473	418	491	73	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.8	0.3
South	1,745	1,683	1,617	1,669	1,642	-27	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.8	-0.1
Midwest	864	812	745	802	750	-52	2.6	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
West	906	832	784	774	779	5	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	1,436	1,551	1,681	1,682	1,517	-165	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,348	1,464	1,577	1,592	1,459	-133	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	7	11	7	9	9	0	1.2	1.7	1.1	1.4	1.4	0.0
Construction	193	122	178	175	150	-25	2.5	1.5	2.2	2.2	1.9	-0.3
Manufacturing	93	113	134	136	114	-22	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Durable goods	46	61	73	76	65	-11	0.6	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Nondurable goods	48	51	60	60	50	-10	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	297	312	304	290	277	-13	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Wholesale trade	38	34	41	33	51	18	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.3
Retail trade	152	180	158	154	137	-17	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	107	97	105	103	88	-15	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Information	31	26	46	28	26	-2	1.0	0.8	1.5	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Financial activities	55	24	43	48	53	5	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.1
Finance and insurance	39	14	26	27	23	-4	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	11	17	21	30	9	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.9	1.2	0.3
Professional and business services	317	423	417	431	367	-64	1.4	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.6	-0.3
Education and health services	154	181	174	183	175	-8	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Educational services	31	32	34	34	29	-5	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.7	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	123	149	141	149	147	-2	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	156	183	212	217	232	15	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	51	49	52	78	26	2.8	2.1	2.0	2.1	3.1	1.0
Accommodation and food services	90	132	163	165	154	-11	0.7	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Other services	45	69	62	75	56	-19	0.8	1.2	1.1	1.3	0.9	-0.4
Government	88	87	104	90	58	-32	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Federal	11	8	7	6	7	1	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	78	79	96	84	51	-33	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	-0.1
State and local education	34	34	28	52	30	-22	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3	-0.2
State and local, excluding education	43	45	68	32	21	-11	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.2	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	249	269	309	265	228	-37	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.8	-0.1
South	493	591	615	599	594	-5	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Midwest	348	322	368	437	361	-76	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
West	347	369	388	381	333	-48	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
Total	308	339	338	342	352	10	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	245	284	282	295	302	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	1	2	1	1	0	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Construction	21	16	4	10	16	6	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	33	20	22	18	21	3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	24	10	13	8	14	6	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	9	10	9	10	7	-3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	51	52	54	70	68	-2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	14	8	3	9	7	-2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	13	26	28	36	41	5	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	24	18	23	26	19	-7	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Information	6	12	11	17	12	-5	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	-0.2
Financial activities	28	16	27	26	14	-12	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Finance and insurance	23	15	22	20	9	-11	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	1	5	5	5	0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Professional and business services	53	88	79	76	75	-1	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Education and health services	18	47	61	42	46	4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Educational services	4	7	7	3	7	4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	14	40	54	39	38	-1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	17	14	8	19	34	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1	4	5	3	3	0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	16	10	4	16	31	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	17	16	15	16	15	-1	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Government	63	55	56	47	50	3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Federal	13	14	13	11	15	4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.1
State and local	50	41	43	36	35	-1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	23	19	23	21	13	-8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	26	22	20	15	22	7	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	51	84	43	69	64	-5	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	114	118	144	133	111	-22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	60	80	78	53	66	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	84	58	73	87	110	23	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	June 2023	July 2023	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Change from: Aug. 2023 - Sept. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,788	8,048	7,958	8,433	8,570	137	6.9	5.7	5.6	5.9	6.0	0.1
1 to 9 employees	1,712	1,472	1,565	1,699	2,027	328	7.0	6.3	6.9	7.5	8.6	1.1
10 to 49 employees	3,088	2,435	2,292	2,326	2,480	154	6.6	5.4	5.2	5.4	5.5	0.1
50 to 249 employees	2,701	2,303	2,207	2,400	2,311	-89	6.8	5.5	5.2	5.6	5.6	0.0
250 to 999 employees	1,262	1,003	1,035	1,107	911	-196	7.2	5.5	5.6	5.7	4.9	-0.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	739	566	562	607	595	-12	8.2	7.1	6.6	6.6	6.4	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	287	269	296	294	246	-48	7.2	6.4	6.6	6.3	5.4	-0.9
HIRES
Total private	5,828	5,554	5,464	5,475	5,501	26	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	0.0
1 to 9 employees	887	875	838	836	896	60	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,891	1,772	1,649	1,635	1,688	53	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,829	1,833	1,819	1,791	1,781	-10	5.0	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.6	0.2
250 to 999 employees	772	734	765	808	726	-82	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.1	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	370	257	302	323	326	3	4.5	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.7	0.0
5,000 or more employees	79	82	90	82	84	2	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.9	1.9	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,425	5,365	5,268	5,343	5,237	-106	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.9	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	756	798	767	763	767	4	3.3	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
10 to 49 employees	1,809	1,780	1,780	1,631	1,714	83	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.0	0.0
50 to 249 employees	1,723	1,668	1,647	1,711	1,737	26	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.4	0.2
250 to 999 employees	712	749	704	842	669	-173	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.6	3.8	-0.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	354	296	301	328	288	-40	4.3	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.3	-0.5
5,000 or more employees	71	75	70	68	62	-6	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.4	-0.2
QUITS
Total private	3,832	3,618	3,409	3,455	3,477	22	2.9	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	0.0
1 to 9 employees	476	514	416	465	378	-87	2.1	2.4	2.0	2.2	1.8	-0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,392	1,256	1,213	1,072	1,297	225	3.2	2.9	2.9	2.6	3.0	0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,191	1,191	1,146	1,197	1,189	-8	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	0.1
250 to 999 employees	505	445	429	506	410	-96	3.1	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.3	-0.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	229	165	163	173	163	-10	2.8	2.2	2.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	39	47	42	43	39	-4	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,348	1,464	1,577	1,592	1,459	-133	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	219	214	294	203	303	100	1.0	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.4	0.4
10 to 49 employees	355	445	481	482	326	-156	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.8	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	473	419	433	452	476	24	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.1
250 to 999 employees	181	260	242	304	233	-71	1.1	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.3	-0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	107	107	109	133	106	-27	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.2	-0.3
5,000 or more employees	13	18	18	17	15	-2	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	245	284	282	295	302	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	61	70	57	95	86	-9	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	62	79	85	76	91	15	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	59	58	68	62	72	10	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	26	43	33	32	26	-6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	18	24	29	22	19	-3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	19	9	10	9	8	-1	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	10,901	9,523	9,639	6.6	5.7	5.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	9,862	8,430	8,680	7.0	5.9	6.1
Mining and logging	29	29	35	4.5	4.3	5.1
Construction	428	384	438	5.1	4.5	5.1
Manufacturing	835	623	647	6.1	4.6	4.7
Durable goods	501	389	397	5.9	4.5	4.6
Nondurable goods	334	234	250	6.4	4.6	4.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,738	1,321	1,463	5.7	4.4	4.8
Wholesale trade	244	221	247	3.9	3.5	3.9
Retail trade	915	701	733	5.6	4.3	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	579	399	484	7.4	5.3	6.3
Information	220	195	155	6.6	5.9	4.8
Financial activities	479	560	684	5.0	5.7	7.0
Finance and insurance	281	407	512	4.0	5.7	7.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	198	153	172	7.6	5.8	6.6
Professional and business services	2,198	1,777	1,676	8.8	7.1	6.8
Education and health services	2,164	1,934	1,899	8.1	7.1	6.9
Educational services	181	158	165	4.5	4.1	4.0
Health care and social assistance	1,983	1,776	1,734	8.7	7.6	7.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,529	1,194	1,396	8.6	6.5	7.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	186	157	194	7.2	5.4	7.1
Accommodation and food services	1,344	1,037	1,203	8.9	6.7	7.8
Other services	244	412	286	4.1	6.5	4.6
Government	1,039	1,093	959	4.4	4.7	4.0
Federal	170	183	118	5.6	5.8	3.8
State and local	869	910	841	4.3	4.6	4.0
State and local education	280	344	320	2.6	3.5	2.9
State and local, excluding education	589	565	521	6.1	5.6	5.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,713	1,537	1,559	5.9	5.2	5.3
South	4,349	3,773	3,946	7.1	6.1	6.3
Midwest	2,363	2,064	2,101	6.7	5.8	5.9
West	2,476	2,149	2,033	6.4	5.5	5.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	6,290	6,621	5,890	4.1	4.2	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,827	5,920	5,462	4.4	4.4	4.1
Mining and logging	25	27	23	4.1	4.2	3.5
Construction	359	382	294	4.5	4.7	3.6
Manufacturing	410	437	360	3.2	3.3	2.8
Durable goods	222	218	202	2.8	2.7	2.5
Nondurable goods	188	219	158	3.8	4.5	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,283	1,203	1,190	4.5	4.2	4.1
Wholesale trade	190	146	167	3.2	2.4	2.7
Retail trade	715	746	720	4.7	4.8	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	378	311	303	5.2	4.4	4.2
Information	108	77	81	3.5	2.5	2.6
Financial activities	241	227	189	2.7	2.5	2.1
Finance and insurance	160	156	116	2.4	2.3	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	82	71	73	3.4	2.9	3.0
Professional and business services	1,161	1,126	1,046	5.1	4.9	4.5
Education and health services	875	1,066	901	3.6	4.2	3.5
Educational services	135	163	120	3.5	4.5	3.0
Health care and social assistance	741	903	782	3.6	4.2	3.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,136	1,168	1,173	7.0	6.8	7.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	134	137	131	5.6	5.0	5.2
Accommodation and food services	1,001	1,031	1,042	7.3	7.1	7.3
Other services	228	206	205	4.0	3.5	3.5
Government	462	701	428	2.1	3.2	1.9
Federal	46	42	48	1.6	1.4	1.6
State and local	416	659	380	2.1	3.5	1.9
State and local education	248	502	247	2.4	5.3	2.3
State and local, excluding education	168	157	133	1.8	1.6	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	954	960	995	3.5	3.4	3.6
South	2,602	2,933	2,461	4.5	5.0	4.2
Midwest	1,282	1,354	1,180	3.9	4.1	3.5
West	1,451	1,374	1,254	4.0	3.7	3.4
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	6,078	6,769	5,750	4.0	4.3	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,637	6,277	5,425	4.3	4.7	4.0
Mining and logging	22	29	21	3.5	4.4	3.2
Construction	363	391	298	4.6	4.8	3.6
Manufacturing	388	470	350	3.0	3.6	2.7
Durable goods	213	236	197	2.7	2.9	2.4
Nondurable goods	175	234	153	3.6	4.8	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,259	1,334	1,141	4.4	4.6	4.0
Wholesale trade	171	164	142	2.8	2.7	2.3
Retail trade	743	847	727	4.8	5.5	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	345	323	271	4.8	4.5	3.8
Information	97	78	82	3.1	2.5	2.7
Financial activities	217	292	195	2.4	3.2	2.1
Finance and insurance	139	197	116	2.1	2.9	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	95	79	3.2	3.8	3.2
Professional and business services	1,143	1,161	1,049	5.0	5.0	4.5
Education and health services	717	920	764	2.9	3.6	3.0
Educational services	82	140	81	2.1	3.8	2.1
Health care and social assistance	635	780	683	3.1	3.6	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,205	1,350	1,328	7.5	7.8	7.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	218	248	264	9.1	9.1	10.4
Accommodation and food services	988	1,102	1,064	7.2	7.6	7.5
Other services	225	252	198	3.9	4.3	3.4
Government	441	492	326	2.0	2.2	1.4
Federal	45	35	41	1.6	1.2	1.4
State and local	396	457	284	2.0	2.4	1.4
State and local education	149	247	109	1.4	2.6	1.0
State and local, excluding education	247	210	176	2.7	2.2	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	976	948	911	3.6	3.4	3.3
South	2,387	2,800	2,355	4.2	4.8	4.0
Midwest	1,342	1,521	1,242	4.1	4.6	3.7
West	1,373	1,500	1,243	3.8	4.0	3.3
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	4,284	4,542	3,863	2.8	2.9	2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,042	4,252	3,663	3.1	3.2	2.7
Mining and logging	14	18	13	2.3	2.8	2.0
Construction	166	204	152	2.1	2.5	1.9
Manufacturing	264	294	221	2.0	2.3	1.7
Durable goods	148	138	122	1.8	1.7	1.5
Nondurable goods	116	156	98	2.4	3.2	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	941	964	832	3.3	3.4	2.9
Wholesale trade	124	125	88	2.1	2.1	1.4
Retail trade	588	623	562	3.8	4.0	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	230	216	183	3.2	3.0	2.5
Information	64	36	50	2.1	1.2	1.6
Financial activities	130	189	124	1.4	2.1	1.4
Finance and insurance	76	130	85	1.1	1.9	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	54	59	39	2.2	2.4	1.6
Professional and business services	803	672	662	3.5	2.9	2.9
Education and health services	544	668	532	2.2	2.6	2.1
Educational services	53	78	50	1.4	2.1	1.3
Health care and social assistance	491	591	483	2.4	2.7	2.2
Leisure and hospitality	952	1,064	948	5.9	6.2	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	99	170	115	4.1	6.2	4.5
Accommodation and food services	852	895	832	6.2	6.1	5.8
Other services	164	143	131	2.9	2.4	2.2
Government	242	290	199	1.1	1.3	0.9
Federal	21	19	18	0.7	0.6	0.6
State and local	222	271	181	1.1	1.4	0.9
State and local education	101	142	75	1.0	1.5	0.7
State and local, excluding education	121	129	106	1.3	1.4	1.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	607	561	555	2.2	2.0	2.0
South	1,780	2,031	1,666	3.1	3.5	2.9
Midwest	929	1,003	809	2.8	3.0	2.4
West	968	947	833	2.7	2.6	2.2
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	1,491	1,837	1,542	1.0	1.2	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,350	1,691	1,462	1.0	1.3	1.1
Mining and logging	6	9	7	1.0	1.4	1.1
Construction	175	175	127	2.2	2.1	1.6
Manufacturing	95	155	109	0.7	1.2	0.8
Durable goods	44	90	61	0.6	1.1	0.8
Nondurable goods	50	66	48	1.0	1.3	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	262	287	234	0.9	1.0	0.8
Wholesale trade	32	28	47	0.5	0.5	0.8
Retail trade	142	179	120	0.9	1.2	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	87	80	66	1.2	1.1	0.9
Information	29	25	21	0.9	0.8	0.7
Financial activities	57	68	57	0.6	0.7	0.6
Finance and insurance	38	38	23	0.6	0.6	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	30	34	0.8	1.2	1.4
Professional and business services	296	412	323	1.3	1.8	1.4
Education and health services	156	204	188	0.6	0.8	0.7
Educational services	26	58	25	0.7	1.6	0.6
Health care and social assistance	130	146	163	0.6	0.7	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	236	263	349	1.5	1.5	2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	117	73	145	4.9	2.7	5.7
Accommodation and food services	120	189	205	0.9	1.3	1.4
Other services	38	92	47	0.7	1.6	0.8
Government	141	147	79	0.6	0.7	0.3
Federal	12	5	8	0.4	0.2	0.3
State and local	130	141	71	0.7	0.7	0.4
State and local education	29	78	23	0.3	0.8	0.2
State and local, excluding education	101	64	48	1.1	0.7	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	313	303	282	1.1	1.1	1.0
South	499	609	591	0.9	1.0	1.0
Midwest	350	461	363	1.1	1.4	1.1
West	329	465	305	0.9	1.3	0.8
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
Total	303	389	346	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	245	335	299	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	0.3	0.2	0.1
Construction	22	13	19	0.3	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	29	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	20	8	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	12	7	0.2	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	56	83	75	0.2	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	14	10	7	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	13	45	45	0.1	0.3	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	28	27	22	0.4	0.4	0.3
Information	5	17	12	0.2	0.6	0.4
Financial activities	29	35	14	0.3	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	24	29	8	0.4	0.4	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	6	6	0.2	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	44	77	63	0.2	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	17	48	44	0.1	0.2	0.2
Educational services	3	4	6	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	14	44	38	0.1	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	17	23	31	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	5	4	0.1	0.2	0.2
Accommodation and food services	16	18	27	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other services	23	17	20	0.4	0.3	0.3
Government	57	55	47	0.3	0.2	0.2
Federal	12	11	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
State and local	45	44	32	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	19	27	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local, excluding education	26	17	22	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	54	83	73	0.2	0.3	0.3
South	109	162	98	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	63	57	69	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	76	87	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)	Sept. 2022	Aug. 2023	Sept. 2023(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	9,862	8,430	8,680	7.0	5.9	6.1
1 to 9 employees	1,633	1,607	1,979	6.7	7.1	8.4
10 to 49 employees	3,117	2,296	2,518	6.7	5.3	5.6
50 to 249 employees	2,751	2,446	2,362	7.0	5.6	5.7
250 to 999 employees	1,328	1,167	946	7.5	5.9	5.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	743	628	630	8.3	6.8	6.7
5,000 or more employees	290	286	246	7.3	6.1	5.4
HIRES
Total private	5,827	5,920	5,462	4.4	4.4	4.1
1 to 9 employees	803	808	802	3.5	3.8	3.7
10 to 49 employees	1,936	1,784	1,716	4.4	4.4	4.0
50 to 249 employees	1,821	2,000	1,768	5.0	4.9	4.5
250 to 999 employees	798	885	731	4.9	4.8	4.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	383	347	353	4.6	4.0	4.0
5,000 or more employees	86	97	92	2.3	2.2	2.1
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,637	6,277	5,425	4.3	4.7	4.0
1 to 9 employees	759	866	750	3.3	4.1	3.5
10 to 49 employees	1,922	1,954	1,831	4.4	4.8	4.3
50 to 249 employees	1,774	2,079	1,792	4.8	5.1	4.6
250 to 999 employees	753	936	701	4.6	5.1	4.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	357	358	289	4.3	4.1	3.3
5,000 or more employees	72	84	61	2.0	1.9	1.4
QUITS
Total private	4,042	4,252	3,663	3.1	3.2	2.7
1 to 9 employees	503	569	389	2.2	2.7	1.8
10 to 49 employees	1,464	1,360	1,388	3.4	3.3	3.2
50 to 249 employees	1,250	1,479	1,230	3.4	3.6	3.1
250 to 999 employees	541	589	443	3.3	3.2	2.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	242	203	174	2.9	2.3	2.0
5,000 or more employees	41	52	39	1.1	1.2	0.9
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,350	1,691	1,462	1.0	1.3	1.1
1 to 9 employees	195	173	278	0.9	0.8	1.3
10 to 49 employees	393	519	346	0.9	1.3	0.8
50 to 249 employees	467	531	493	1.3	1.3	1.3
250 to 999 employees	186	313	235	1.1	1.7	1.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	96	131	96	1.2	1.5	1.1
5,000 or more employees	13	24	14	0.3	0.5	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	245	335	299	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	61	125	83	0.3	0.6	0.4
10 to 49 employees	64	76	97	0.1	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	57	69	69	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	25	34	23	0.2	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	19	23	19	0.2	0.3	0.2
5,000 or more employees	19	8	7	0.5	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.