Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses
(in thousands) as a percent of employment
Category 3 months ended 3 months ended
Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec.
2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024
Total private(1)
Gross job gains 7,902 7,608 7,591 7,622 7,767 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8
At expanding establishments 6,262 6,131 6,040 6,071 6,135 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6
At opening establishments 1,640 1,477 1,551 1,551 1,632 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Gross job losses 7,499 7,115 7,754 7,623 7,480 5.7 5.4 5.9 5.8 5.7
At contracting establishments 5,995 5,714 6,162 6,052 5,955 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.5
At closing establishments 1,504 1,401 1,592 1,571 1,525 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 403 493 -163 -1 287 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1
Goods-producing
Gross job gains 1,319 1,357 1,248 1,216 1,243 5.8 6.0 5.4 5.4 5.5
At expanding establishments 1,097 1,161 1,055 1,012 1,037 4.8 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.6
At opening establishments 222 196 193 204 206 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9
Gross job losses 1,300 1,226 1,332 1,309 1,316 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.9
At contracting establishments 1,091 1,021 1,101 1,082 1,099 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.9
At closing establishments 209 205 231 227 217 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0
Net employment change 19 131 -84 -93 -73 0.1 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4
Natural resources and mining
Gross job gains 207 230 217 222 194 11.2 12.3 11.8 12.2 10.6
At expanding establishments 175 205 190 191 167 9.5 11.0 10.3 10.5 9.1
At opening establishments 32 25 27 31 27 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5
Gross job losses 242 223 208 203 248 13.1 12.0 11.3 11.2 13.5
At contracting establishments 214 195 180 176 220 11.6 10.5 9.8 9.7 12.0
At closing establishments 28 28 28 27 28 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Net employment change -35 7 9 19 -54 -1.9 0.3 0.5 1.0 -2.9
Construction
Gross job gains 695 720 634 627 669 8.7 8.9 7.8 7.8 8.2
At expanding establishments 553 593 514 500 535 6.9 7.3 6.3 6.2 6.6
At opening establishments 142 127 120 127 134 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6
Gross job losses 621 596 692 655 630 7.8 7.3 8.5 8.2 7.8
At contracting establishments 494 470 546 513 495 6.2 5.8 6.7 6.4 6.1
At closing establishments 127 126 146 142 135 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.7
Net employment change 74 124 -58 -28 39 0.9 1.6 -0.7 -0.4 0.4
Manufacturing
Gross job gains 417 407 397 367 380 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0
At expanding establishments 369 363 351 321 335 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6
At opening establishments 48 44 46 46 45 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
Gross job losses 437 407 432 451 438 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4
At contracting establishments 383 356 375 393 384 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0
At closing establishments 54 51 57 58 54 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4
Net employment change -20 0 -35 -84 -58 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.7 -0.4
Service-providing(1)
Gross job gains 6,583 6,251 6,343 6,406 6,524 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9
At expanding establishments 5,165 4,970 4,985 5,059 5,098 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6
At opening establishments 1,418 1,281 1,358 1,347 1,426 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3
Gross job losses 6,199 5,889 6,422 6,314 6,164 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.6
At contracting establishments 4,904 4,693 5,061 4,970 4,856 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.4
At closing establishments 1,295 1,196 1,361 1,344 1,308 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
Net employment change 384 362 -79 92 360 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains 276 261 257 255 247 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1
At expanding establishments 222 214 208 207 198 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3
At opening establishments 54 47 49 48 49 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Gross job losses 255 253 269 266 265 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4
At contracting establishments 198 196 208 203 207 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4
At closing establishments 57 57 61 63 58 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0
Net employment change 21 8 -12 -11 -18 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3
Retail trade
Gross job gains 762 826 803 814 740 5.0 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.8
At expanding establishments 642 716 689 701 631 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.1
At opening establishments 120 110 114 113 109 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
Gross job losses 873 725 874 858 879 5.7 4.7 5.6 5.5 5.7
At contracting establishments 753 615 746 743 750 4.9 4.0 4.8 4.8 4.9
At closing establishments 120 110 128 115 129 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8
Net employment change -111 101 -71 -44 -139 -0.7 0.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains 504 272 294 351 478 7.7 4.1 4.6 5.4 7.2
At expanding establishments 449 232 249 299 429 6.9 3.5 3.9 4.6 6.5
At opening establishments 55 40 45 52 49 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7
Gross job losses 292 452 338 297 279 4.5 6.9 5.3 4.6 4.2
At contracting establishments 241 406 287 244 226 3.7 6.2 4.5 3.8 3.4
At closing establishments 51 46 51 53 53 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8
Net employment change 212 -180 -44 54 199 3.2 -2.8 -0.7 0.8 3.0
Utilities
Gross job gains 19 15 16 15 18 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 3.0
At expanding establishments 16 13 13 13 15 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5
At opening establishments 3 2 3 2 3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5
Gross job losses 15 13 16 14 13 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.2
At contracting establishments 12 11 14 12 11 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.9
At closing establishments 3 2 2 2 2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Net employment change 4 2 0 1 5 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.8
Information
Gross job gains 157 146 130 141 137 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.9 4.8
At expanding establishments 122 120 101 109 106 4.2 4.1 3.5 3.8 3.7
At opening establishments 35 26 29 32 31 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1
Gross job losses 160 139 175 153 164 5.5 4.8 6.0 5.3 5.7
At contracting establishments 127 111 136 118 127 4.4 3.8 4.7 4.1 4.4
At closing establishments 33 28 39 35 37 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3
Net employment change -3 7 -45 -12 -27 -0.1 0.2 -1.5 -0.4 -0.9
Financial activities
Gross job gains 399 363 396 392 385 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.4
At expanding establishments 291 284 304 302 280 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.2
At opening establishments 108 79 92 90 105 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2
Gross job losses 425 383 387 402 390 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5
At contracting establishments 323 286 278 301 286 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3
At closing establishments 102 97 109 101 104 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2
Net employment change -26 -20 9 -10 -5 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.1
Professional and business services
Gross job gains 1,426 1,364 1,437 1,449 1,420 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.5 6.3
At expanding establishments 1,098 1,087 1,120 1,138 1,088 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.8
At opening establishments 328 277 317 311 332 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5
Gross job losses 1,550 1,351 1,523 1,491 1,531 6.9 6.0 6.8 6.7 6.9
At contracting establishments 1,216 1,050 1,193 1,138 1,182 5.4 4.7 5.3 5.1 5.3
At closing establishments 334 301 330 353 349 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6
Net employment change -124 13 -86 -42 -111 -0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains 1,184 1,196 1,221 1,237 1,242 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9
At expanding establishments 937 975 973 1,008 967 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8
At opening establishments 247 221 248 229 275 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1
Gross job losses 1,024 921 1,073 1,005 1,041 4.2 3.6 4.2 3.9 4.1
At contracting establishments 758 709 815 770 794 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.1
At closing establishments 266 212 258 235 247 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0
Net employment change 160 275 148 232 201 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains 1,460 1,360 1,368 1,332 1,465 8.8 8.1 8.2 8.0 8.7
At expanding establishments 1,131 1,067 1,065 1,020 1,141 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.8
At opening establishments 329 293 303 312 324 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9
Gross job losses 1,278 1,315 1,421 1,482 1,259 7.7 7.8 8.5 8.9 7.5
At contracting establishments 1,047 1,073 1,141 1,197 1,026 6.3 6.4 6.8 7.2 6.1
At closing establishments 231 242 280 285 233 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4
Net employment change 182 45 -53 -150 206 1.1 0.3 -0.3 -0.9 1.2
Other services
Gross job gains 320 312 323 314 305 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.9
At expanding establishments 244 244 248 246 231 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.2
At opening establishments 76 68 75 68 74 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7
Gross job losses 290 298 313 313 312 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.0
At contracting establishments 219 225 233 235 238 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3
At closing establishments 71 73 80 78 74 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7
Net employment change 30 14 10 1 -7 0.6 0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1
(1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately.
United States Department of Labor
