U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
CPS CPS Program Links

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2024-2025 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2024-2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2024 2025
Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)		 Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)

FOREIGN BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 475 1,637 1,343 3,925 506 1,594 1,327 4,089

Civilian labor force

 195 862 759 2,784 184 809 765 2,924

Participation rate

 41.0 52.7 56.5 70.9 36.4 50.7 57.7 71.5

Employed

 184 831 739 2,695 177 772 736 2,827

Employment-population ratio

 38.8 50.7 55.0 68.7 34.9 48.5 55.5 69.1

Unemployed

 10 32 21 89 7 36 29 97

Unemployment rate

 5.3 3.7 2.7 3.2 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.3

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 431 1,248 957 1,727 443 1,259 981 1,753

Civilian labor force

 217 863 717 1,395 243 848 752 1,406

Participation rate

 50.3 69.1 74.9 80.7 54.9 67.4 76.6 80.2

Employed

 202 809 681 1,345 219 796 716 1,342

Employment-population ratio

 46.9 64.8 71.2 77.9 49.4 63.2 73.0 76.5

Unemployed

 14 53 36 50 24 53 36 65

Unemployment rate

 6.7 6.2 5.0 3.6 10.0 6.2 4.8 4.6

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 972 2,084 1,376 6,989 936 2,037 1,383 7,780

Civilian labor force

 372 1,140 853 5,168 345 1,123 890 5,696

Participation rate

 38.3 54.7 62.0 73.9 36.9 55.1 64.4 73.2

Employed

 362 1,111 829 5,031 336 1,102 869 5,509

Employment-population ratio

 37.2 53.3 60.3 72.0 35.9 54.1 62.8 70.8

Unemployed

 10 29 23 137 9 21 22 187

Unemployment rate

 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.4 3.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 7,525 6,687 2,833 3,816 7,208 6,738 2,939 4,024

Civilian labor force

 4,644 4,806 2,100 2,947 4,418 4,706 2,159 3,078

Participation rate

 61.7 71.9 74.1 77.2 61.3 69.8 73.5 76.5

Employed

 4,388 4,601 2,031 2,846 4,189 4,508 2,101 2,977

Employment-population ratio

 58.3 68.8 71.7 74.6 58.1 66.9 71.5 74.0

Unemployed

 256 204 69 100 229 198 59 101

Unemployment rate

 5.5 4.3 3.3 3.4 5.2 4.2 2.7 3.3

NATIVE BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 5,679 36,043 35,911 57,202 5,595 35,595 36,024 57,966

Civilian labor force

 2,043 18,819 21,204 40,177 2,081 18,525 21,087 40,245

Participation rate

 36.0 52.2 59.0 70.2 37.2 52.0 58.5 69.4

Employed

 1,923 18,164 20,595 39,390 1,962 17,885 20,473 39,372

Employment-population ratio

 33.9 50.4 57.4 68.9 35.1 50.2 56.8 67.9

Unemployed

 120 655 609 787 119 639 614 873

Unemployment rate

 5.9 3.5 2.9 2.0 5.7 3.5 2.9 2.2

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,815 7,707 6,900 6,645 1,861 7,938 6,969 6,669

Civilian labor force

 599 4,323 4,679 5,079 605 4,469 4,647 5,016

Participation rate

 33.0 56.1 67.8 76.4 32.5 56.3 66.7 75.2

Employed

 531 4,018 4,458 4,930 540 4,151 4,391 4,811

Employment-population ratio

 29.3 52.1 64.6 74.2 29.0 52.3 63.0 72.1

Unemployed

 68 305 221 150 65 318 256 204

Unemployment rate

 11.3 7.1 4.7 2.9 10.7 7.1 5.5 4.1

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 141 544 623 2,405 126 556 692 2,754

Civilian labor force

 62 332 428 1,963 46 367 488 2,238

Participation rate

 44.3 61.1 68.7 81.6 36.2 66.0 70.6 81.3

Employed

 60 324 404 1,907 44 353 477 2,172

Employment-population ratio

 42.3 59.6 64.8 79.3 34.7 63.5 68.9 78.9

Unemployed

 3 8 24 56 2 14 11 66

Unemployment rate

 4.5 2.5 5.6 2.8 4.3 3.7 2.4 2.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,863 6,079 5,265 5,020 1,899 6,756 5,765 5,764

Civilian labor force

 870 4,078 3,940 4,081 918 4,606 4,293 4,717

Participation rate

 46.7 67.1 74.8 81.3 48.3 68.2 74.5 81.8

Employed

 806 3,901 3,781 3,982 844 4,397 4,126 4,594

Employment-population ratio

 43.3 64.2 71.8 79.3 44.4 65.1 71.6 79.7

Unemployed

 64 177 159 100 74 210 167 123

Unemployment rate

 7.4 4.3 4.0 2.4 8.1 4.6 3.9 2.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: May 19, 2026