Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, May 1, 2024      USDL-24-0793
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2024

The number of job openings changed little at 8.5 million on the last business day of March, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, the number of hires changed little at 5.5 
million while the number of total separations decreased to 5.2 million. Within separations, quits  
(3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.5 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of 
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and 
by establishment size class. 
        
Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the number of job openings changed little at 8.5 million; this 
measure was down by 1.1 million over the year. The rate was little changed at 5.1 percent in March. Job 
openings decreased in construction (-182,000) and in finance and insurance (-158,000), but increased in 
state and local government education (+68,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number of hires was little changed at 5.5 million but was down by 455,000 over the year. 
The rate, at 3.5 percent, changed little in March. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in March decreased to 5.2 million (-339,000). The rate changed little at 
3.3 percent. Over the month, the number of total separations increased in private educational services 
(+21,000). (See table 3.)

In March, the number of quits was little changed at 3.3 million but was down by 480,000 over the year.  
The rate was little changed at 2.1 percent in March. The number of quits decreased in other services      
(-59,000). (See table 4.)

In March, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.5 million and 1.0 percent, 
respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in arts, entertainment, and recreation        
(-39,000) but increased in private educational services (+18,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 345,000. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In March, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees saw 
little change in their job openings rate, hires rate, and total separations rate. (See table 7.)

February 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for February was revised up by 57,000 to 8.8 million, the number of hires 
was revised down by 37,000 to 5.8 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 
20,000 to 5.5 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 43,000 to 3.5 million 
and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 43,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly revisions 
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, June 4, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,623	8,813	8,488	5,955	5,781	5,500	5,917	5,539	5,200
Total private	8,576	7,894	7,530	5,563	5,382	5,109	5,571	5,203	4,866
Mining and logging	33	33	32	24	20	21	27	18	21
Construction	291	456	274	414	400	341	437	370	326
Manufacturing	693	587	570	384	324	323	410	338	330
Durable goods	434	379	353	215	176	182	223	183	185
Nondurable goods	260	208	217	169	148	141	187	155	145
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,409	1,072	1,064	1,157	1,130	1,027	1,203	1,097	994
Wholesale trade	306	166	204	147	163	142	146	156	137
Retail trade	719	604	540	685	676	644	732	677	625
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	385	301	320	325	292	242	325	264	231
Information	150	126	169	110	89	85	92	85	77
Financial activities	502	677	533	195	193	185	184	200	182
Finance and insurance	362	515	357	118	115	111	113	122	115
Real estate and rental and leasing	139	162	176	77	79	74	70	78	67
Professional and business services	1,736	1,526	1,485	1,077	1,092	1,075	1,087	1,073	1,042
Private education and health services	1,938	1,952	1,944	861	860	858	818	762	747
Private educational services	190	141	163	94	82	92	96	69	90
Health care and social assistance	1,748	1,811	1,781	767	778	765	723	693	657
Leisure and hospitality	1,456	1,143	1,153	1,100	1,060	1,009	1,089	1,059	991
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	224	168	144	182	207	178	176	211	173
Accommodation and food services	1,232	975	1,009	918	852	830	913	848	818
Other services	368	322	306	240	214	186	225	202	157
Government	1,047	919	958	392	399	391	346	336	333
Federal	129	150	143	46	45	43	37	33	34
State and local	918	769	815	346	354	348	309	303	300
State and local education	319	255	323	168	160	166	152	143	151
State and local, excluding education	600	515	492	177	194	182	157	160	148
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.8	5.3	5.1	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.3
Total private	6.1	5.5	5.3	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.2	3.9	3.6
Mining and logging	5.0	4.9	4.7	3.8	3.2	3.2	4.2	2.9	3.3
Construction	3.5	5.3	3.2	5.2	4.9	4.1	5.5	4.5	4.0
Manufacturing	5.1	4.3	4.2	3.0	2.5	2.5	3.2	2.6	2.5
Durable goods	5.1	4.5	4.2	2.7	2.2	2.2	2.8	2.2	2.3
Nondurable goods	5.1	4.1	4.3	3.5	3.1	2.9	3.8	3.2	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.7	3.6	3.5	4.0	3.9	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.4
Wholesale trade	4.8	2.6	3.2	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.2
Retail trade	4.4	3.7	3.3	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.7	4.3	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.1	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.1	3.4	4.5	3.7	3.2
Information	4.7	4.0	5.3	3.6	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.6
Financial activities	5.2	6.8	5.5	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	5.1	7.1	5.0	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	5.4	6.1	6.6	3.1	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.7
Professional and business services	7.1	6.2	6.1	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5
Private education and health services	7.2	7.0	6.9	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	2.9	2.9
Private educational services	4.8	3.5	4.0	2.5	2.1	2.4	2.5	1.8	2.3
Health care and social assistance	7.6	7.6	7.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	8.1	6.4	6.4	6.7	6.3	6.0	6.6	6.3	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	8.3	6.0	5.2	7.4	7.9	6.7	7.1	8.0	6.5
Accommodation and food services	8.1	6.4	6.6	6.6	6.0	5.8	6.5	6.0	5.7
Other services	6.0	5.2	4.9	4.1	3.6	3.2	3.9	3.4	2.7
Government	4.4	3.8	4.0	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.4
Federal	4.2	4.8	4.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.1
State and local	4.5	3.7	3.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5
State and local education	3.0	2.3	2.9	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.4
State and local, excluding education	6.1	5.1	4.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	9,623	8,889	8,748	8,813	8,488	-325	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.1	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,576	7,884	7,903	7,894	7,530	-364	6.1	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Mining and logging	33	32	29	33	32	-1	5.0	4.7	4.4	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Construction	291	434	425	456	274	-182	3.5	5.1	5.0	5.3	3.2	-2.1
Manufacturing	693	586	596	587	570	-17	5.1	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Durable goods	434	408	348	379	353	-26	5.1	4.8	4.1	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Nondurable goods	260	179	248	208	217	9	5.1	3.6	4.9	4.1	4.3	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,409	1,318	1,047	1,072	1,064	-8	4.7	4.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Wholesale trade	306	230	207	166	204	38	4.8	3.6	3.3	2.6	3.2	0.6
Retail trade	719	710	546	604	540	-64	4.4	4.4	3.4	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	385	378	293	301	320	19	5.1	5.0	4.0	4.1	4.3	0.2
Information	150	177	202	126	169	43	4.7	5.5	6.3	4.0	5.3	1.3
Financial activities	502	482	540	677	533	-144	5.2	5.0	5.5	6.8	5.5	-1.3
Finance and insurance	362	317	365	515	357	-158	5.1	4.5	5.1	7.1	5.0	-2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	139	165	175	162	176	14	5.4	6.2	6.5	6.1	6.6	0.5
Professional and business services	1,736	1,579	1,570	1,526	1,485	-41	7.1	6.5	6.4	6.2	6.1	-0.1
Private education and health services	1,938	1,956	2,049	1,952	1,944	-8	7.2	7.0	7.3	7.0	6.9	-0.1
Private educational services	190	173	146	141	163	22	4.8	4.3	3.6	3.5	4.0	0.5
Health care and social assistance	1,748	1,783	1,904	1,811	1,781	-30	7.6	7.5	7.9	7.6	7.4	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,456	1,003	1,123	1,143	1,153	10	8.1	5.6	6.3	6.4	6.4	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	224	157	168	168	144	-24	8.3	5.7	6.0	6.0	5.2	-0.8
Accommodation and food services	1,232	847	955	975	1,009	34	8.1	5.6	6.3	6.4	6.6	0.2
Other services	368	316	321	322	306	-16	6.0	5.1	5.2	5.2	4.9	-0.3
Government	1,047	1,005	846	919	958	39	4.4	4.2	3.5	3.8	4.0	0.2
Federal	129	166	149	150	143	-7	4.2	5.3	4.8	4.8	4.6	-0.2
State and local	918	838	697	769	815	46	4.5	4.0	3.3	3.7	3.9	0.2
State and local education	319	280	261	255	323	68	3.0	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.9	0.6
State and local, excluding education	600	558	436	515	492	-23	6.1	5.6	4.4	5.1	4.9	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,562	1,512	1,528	1,514	1,536	22	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.2	0.1
South	3,976	3,504	3,492	3,448	3,407	-41	6.4	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Midwest	1,983	1,963	1,921	1,920	1,808	-112	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.1	-0.3
West	2,101	1,909	1,807	1,931	1,737	-194	5.5	4.9	4.7	5.0	4.5	-0.5
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	5,955	5,787	5,698	5,781	5,500	-281	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,563	5,384	5,309	5,382	5,109	-273	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Mining and logging	24	18	24	20	21	1	3.8	2.8	3.8	3.2	3.2	0.0
Construction	414	357	390	400	341	-59	5.2	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.1	-0.8
Manufacturing	384	371	383	324	323	-1	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.5	2.5	0.0
Durable goods	215	199	220	176	182	6	2.7	2.4	2.7	2.2	2.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	169	172	163	148	141	-7	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.1	2.9	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,157	1,110	1,007	1,130	1,027	-103	4.0	3.8	3.5	3.9	3.5	-0.4
Wholesale trade	147	180	158	163	142	-21	2.4	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Retail trade	685	628	602	676	644	-32	4.4	4.0	3.9	4.3	4.1	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	325	302	247	292	242	-50	4.5	4.2	3.5	4.1	3.4	-0.7
Information	110	83	81	89	85	-4	3.6	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Financial activities	195	209	207	193	185	-8	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Finance and insurance	118	123	130	115	111	-4	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.7	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	77	86	77	79	74	-5	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Professional and business services	1,077	1,086	1,088	1,092	1,075	-17	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Private education and health services	861	872	862	860	858	-2	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
Private educational services	94	100	88	82	92	10	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.4	0.3
Health care and social assistance	767	772	773	778	765	-13	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,100	1,068	1,053	1,060	1,009	-51	6.7	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.0	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	182	185	183	207	178	-29	7.4	7.1	7.0	7.9	6.7	-1.2
Accommodation and food services	918	883	870	852	830	-22	6.6	6.2	6.1	6.0	5.8	-0.2
Other services	240	210	214	214	186	-28	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Government	392	403	390	399	391	-8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
Federal	46	43	44	45	43	-2	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	-0.1
State and local	346	361	345	354	348	-6	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.7	-0.1
State and local education	168	180	166	160	166	6	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
State and local, excluding education	177	181	180	194	182	-12	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	940	852	895	848	889	41	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.2	0.2
South	2,464	2,557	2,398	2,574	2,291	-283	4.2	4.3	4.1	4.3	3.9	-0.4
Midwest	1,236	1,127	1,177	1,137	1,148	11	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
West	1,314	1,251	1,229	1,222	1,173	-49	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	5,917	5,419	5,449	5,539	5,200	-339	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.3	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,571	5,060	5,124	5,203	4,866	-337	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Mining and logging	27	19	23	18	21	3	4.2	2.9	3.5	2.9	3.3	0.4
Construction	437	335	353	370	326	-44	5.5	4.1	4.3	4.5	4.0	-0.5
Manufacturing	410	364	368	338	330	-8	3.2	2.8	2.8	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Durable goods	223	192	210	183	185	2	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.2	2.3	0.1
Nondurable goods	187	172	158	155	145	-10	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,203	1,058	1,052	1,097	994	-103	4.2	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Wholesale trade	146	173	164	156	137	-19	2.4	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Retail trade	732	584	567	677	625	-52	4.7	3.7	3.6	4.3	4.0	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	325	300	321	264	231	-33	4.5	4.2	4.5	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Information	92	67	76	85	77	-8	3.0	2.2	2.5	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Financial activities	184	203	193	200	182	-18	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Finance and insurance	113	124	125	122	115	-7	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.7	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	80	68	78	67	-11	2.9	3.2	2.7	3.1	2.7	-0.4
Professional and business services	1,087	1,054	1,102	1,073	1,042	-31	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Private education and health services	818	755	741	762	747	-15	3.3	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	0.0
Private educational services	96	86	82	69	90	21	2.5	2.2	2.1	1.8	2.3	0.5
Health care and social assistance	723	669	659	693	657	-36	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,089	1,003	1,002	1,059	991	-68	6.6	6.0	6.0	6.3	5.9	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	176	158	151	211	173	-38	7.1	6.1	5.8	8.0	6.5	-1.5
Accommodation and food services	913	845	851	848	818	-30	6.5	5.9	6.0	6.0	5.7	-0.3
Other services	225	202	215	202	157	-45	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.4	2.7	-0.7
Government	346	360	325	336	333	-3	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
Federal	37	39	33	33	34	1	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
State and local	309	321	292	303	300	-3	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
State and local education	152	164	145	143	151	8	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	157	156	148	160	148	-12	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	877	830	831	841	860	19	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.1	0.1
South	2,472	2,215	2,248	2,294	2,103	-191	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.5	-0.4
Midwest	1,217	1,132	1,137	1,154	1,100	-54	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
West	1,351	1,243	1,233	1,250	1,136	-114	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	3,809	3,439	3,446	3,527	3,329	-198	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,602	3,237	3,251	3,330	3,145	-185	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Mining and logging	15	11	13	12	13	1	2.4	1.8	2.1	1.8	1.9	0.1
Construction	146	149	151	152	157	5	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.0
Manufacturing	266	233	229	201	189	-12	2.1	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Durable goods	143	123	134	109	102	-7	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	0.0
Nondurable goods	123	110	95	92	87	-5	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	857	684	657	733	659	-74	3.0	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Wholesale trade	101	122	92	96	89	-7	1.7	2.0	1.5	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Retail trade	549	408	379	481	428	-53	3.5	2.6	2.4	3.1	2.7	-0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	207	154	186	156	142	-14	2.9	2.2	2.6	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Information	41	28	53	50	42	-8	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Financial activities	116	134	121	132	117	-15	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Finance and insurance	65	83	86	86	81	-5	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	51	52	36	46	36	-10	2.1	2.1	1.4	1.8	1.4	-0.4
Professional and business services	644	594	569	617	626	9	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.7	0.0
Private education and health services	608	540	523	554	539	-15	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Private educational services	59	62	58	53	56	3	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	0.1
Health care and social assistance	548	478	465	501	483	-18	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	771	738	790	736	720	-16	4.7	4.4	4.7	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	72	77	66	76	78	2	2.9	3.0	2.5	2.9	2.9	0.0
Accommodation and food services	698	660	724	659	642	-17	5.0	4.6	5.1	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Other services	140	125	145	143	84	-59	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.4	1.4	-1.0
Government	207	203	195	197	184	-13	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	17	18	16	15	15	0	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	190	185	179	182	168	-14	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
State and local education	92	101	91	92	81	-11	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	98	84	88	89	87	-2	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	530	510	481	477	516	39	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	0.1
South	1,704	1,493	1,501	1,522	1,419	-103	2.9	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Midwest	776	698	680	716	730	14	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	0.1
West	799	738	783	811	664	-147	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	1.8	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	1,825	1,607	1,596	1,681	1,526	-155	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,740	1,508	1,527	1,592	1,437	-155	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	10	5	8	6	7	1	1.6	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
Construction	282	173	187	208	145	-63	3.6	2.1	2.3	2.5	1.8	-0.7
Manufacturing	125	110	118	117	114	-3	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
Durable goods	67	56	64	62	65	3	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Nondurable goods	57	54	54	55	49	-6	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	293	318	288	286	268	-18	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Wholesale trade	36	43	44	50	45	-5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Retail trade	155	142	136	139	151	12	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	101	133	108	97	72	-25	1.4	1.9	1.5	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Information	44	32	17	27	33	6	1.4	1.1	0.6	0.9	1.1	0.2
Financial activities	53	48	65	46	44	-2	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.0
Finance and insurance	34	27	34	24	21	-3	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	19	22	30	22	23	1	0.8	0.9	1.2	0.9	0.9	0.0
Professional and business services	395	361	461	398	364	-34	1.7	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Private education and health services	177	161	154	162	170	8	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Private educational services	32	20	21	10	28	18	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.4
Health care and social assistance	145	141	133	151	142	-9	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	291	239	183	301	235	-66	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	99	75	83	132	93	-39	4.0	2.9	3.2	5.0	3.5	-1.5
Accommodation and food services	192	163	99	169	142	-27	1.4	1.1	0.7	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Other services	72	61	46	41	58	17	1.2	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.3
Government	85	99	69	88	88	0	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
Federal	7	8	6	6	7	1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	79	90	64	82	81	-1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	40	44	33	35	49	14	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2
State and local, excluding education	38	46	31	47	32	-15	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.3	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	307	245	296	290	279	-11	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
South	654	589	610	672	548	-124	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Midwest	398	358	309	360	300	-60	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West	465	415	381	359	400	41	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
Total	283	373	407	332	345	13	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	229	315	346	281	283	2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	2	1	1	2	1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Construction	9	13	14	10	24	14	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	19	21	21	20	27	7	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	13	12	12	12	18	6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	6	9	9	8	9	1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	53	55	107	78	67	-11	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Wholesale trade	9	8	28	10	3	-7	0.1	0.1	0.5	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Retail trade	28	35	51	57	46	-11	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	13	28	10	18	8	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2
Information	8	6	6	8	3	-5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	-0.2
Financial activities	15	21	7	22	20	-2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Finance and insurance	15	14	5	11	12	1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	7	2	11	8	-3	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Professional and business services	47	99	72	58	53	-5	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Private education and health services	34	54	64	46	37	-9	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Private educational services	4	3	3	6	5	-1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	30	50	61	40	32	-8	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	28	27	30	23	36	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	5	2	3	2	-1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	24	21	28	20	34	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	14	17	25	18	15	-3	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Government	54	58	61	51	62	11	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Federal	13	12	11	12	12	0	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	40	46	49	39	50	11	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	20	19	21	15	21	6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	20	27	29	24	29	5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	40	76	54	74	66	-8	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
South	114	133	137	100	137	37	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	43	75	147	77	70	-7	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	87	89	69	80	72	-8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Dec. 2023	Jan. 2024	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Change from: Feb. 2024 - Mar. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,576	7,884	7,903	7,894	7,530	-364	6.1	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.3	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	1,374	1,885	1,898	1,828	1,726	-102	6.1	7.7	8.1	7.9	7.5	-0.4
10 to 49 employees	2,776	2,070	2,173	2,035	2,052	17	5.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	2,473	2,068	2,015	2,241	2,031	-210	6.1	5.1	5.0	5.3	4.9	-0.4
250 to 999 employees	1,050	1,018	1,024	983	902	-81	5.8	5.1	4.8	4.7	4.4	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	624	577	545	551	560	9	7.1	6.1	5.8	5.7	5.9	0.2
5,000 or more employees	279	266	248	258	259	1	6.2	5.6	5.0	4.9	4.9	0.0
HIRES
Total private	5,563	5,384	5,309	5,382	5,109	-273	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.8	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	875	981	821	810	828	18	4.1	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.9	0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,795	1,600	1,672	1,781	1,695	-86	4.1	3.9	4.1	4.5	4.1	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,771	1,681	1,660	1,664	1,534	-130	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.2	3.9	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	744	735	750	714	656	-58	4.3	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.4	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	306	306	324	331	315	-16	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	71	82	82	81	81	0	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,571	5,060	5,124	5,203	4,866	-337	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.6	-0.3
1 to 9 employees	810	745	789	735	694	-41	3.8	3.3	3.7	3.5	3.2	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,923	1,622	1,672	1,691	1,670	-21	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.3	4.1	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,790	1,596	1,580	1,738	1,540	-198	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.4	3.9	-0.5
250 to 999 employees	660	728	754	689	610	-79	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.1	-0.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	324	308	263	280	277	-3	4.0	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.1	0.0
5,000 or more employees	63	60	66	70	76	6	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
QUITS
Total private	3,602	3,237	3,251	3,330	3,145	-185	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.3	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	434	483	508	477	460	-17	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
10 to 49 employees	1,284	1,076	1,114	1,157	1,116	-41	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.7	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,231	1,051	991	1,077	990	-87	3.2	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.5	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	422	424	440	417	384	-33	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.0	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	191	164	157	161	151	-10	2.3	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	40	40	41	41	44	3	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,740	1,508	1,527	1,592	1,437	-155	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	313	179	226	209	171	-38	1.5	0.8	1.1	1.0	0.8	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	572	445	397	444	479	35	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
50 to 249 employees	506	480	523	588	460	-128	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.2	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	220	268	279	234	203	-31	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.0	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	113	123	85	99	105	6	1.4	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
5,000 or more employees	16	14	17	18	20	2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	229	315	346	281	283	2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	63	83	55	49	62	13	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
10 to 49 employees	67	101	160	89	76	-13	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	54	65	67	73	90	17	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	18	37	35	39	23	-16	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	20	22	21	20	21	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
5,000 or more employees	8	7	9	11	12	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	9,477	8,430	8,304	5.8	5.1	5.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,413	7,553	7,337	6.0	5.4	5.2
Mining and logging	36	32	34	5.4	4.8	5.1
Construction	318	434	295	4.0	5.2	3.6
Manufacturing	691	572	572	5.1	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	431	375	353	5.1	4.4	4.2
Nondurable goods	260	198	219	5.1	4.0	4.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,300	1,020	986	4.4	3.4	3.3
Wholesale trade	296	164	208	4.6	2.6	3.3
Retail trade	616	564	459	3.8	3.5	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	388	292	319	5.2	4.0	4.3
Information	152	130	171	4.8	4.2	5.4
Financial activities	456	611	492	4.8	6.3	5.1
Finance and insurance	335	473	336	4.8	6.6	4.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	121	139	156	4.8	5.3	6.0
Professional and business services	1,759	1,473	1,477	7.2	6.1	6.1
Private education and health services	1,834	1,866	1,819	6.8	6.7	6.5
Private educational services	184	136	160	4.5	3.3	3.8
Health care and social assistance	1,650	1,730	1,659	7.2	7.3	7.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,515	1,099	1,198	8.6	6.3	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	302	218	197	11.6	8.3	7.4
Accommodation and food services	1,213	881	1,001	8.1	6.0	6.7
Other services	353	315	292	5.8	5.1	4.8
Government	1,063	877	967	4.4	3.6	3.9
Federal	144	135	154	4.8	4.3	4.9
State and local	919	743	813	4.4	3.5	3.8
State and local education	306	233	310	2.7	2.1	2.7
State and local, excluding education	613	510	503	6.3	5.2	5.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,550	1,448	1,530	5.3	4.9	5.2
South	3,916	3,320	3,354	6.3	5.4	5.4
Midwest	1,976	1,815	1,759	5.7	5.2	5.0
West	2,034	1,848	1,661	5.3	4.8	4.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	5,446	4,855	4,932	3.5	3.1	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,156	4,558	4,642	3.9	3.4	3.5
Mining and logging	26	18	22	4.1	2.9	3.5
Construction	433	346	360	5.6	4.4	4.5
Manufacturing	366	292	294	2.8	2.3	2.3
Durable goods	211	162	174	2.6	2.0	2.1
Nondurable goods	155	130	120	3.2	2.7	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,002	924	880	3.5	3.2	3.1
Wholesale trade	144	142	133	2.4	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	630	574	585	4.1	3.7	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	228	207	161	3.2	2.9	2.3
Information	98	78	78	3.2	2.6	2.6
Financial activities	163	165	147	1.8	1.8	1.6
Finance and insurance	102	103	90	1.5	1.5	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	62	62	57	2.6	2.5	2.3
Professional and business services	1,034	971	1,032	4.6	4.3	4.5
Private education and health services	757	748	711	3.0	2.9	2.7
Private educational services	61	54	60	1.5	1.3	1.5
Health care and social assistance	697	695	651	3.3	3.1	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,072	834	969	6.7	5.1	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	182	140	183	8.0	5.8	7.4
Accommodation and food services	889	694	786	6.5	5.0	5.6
Other services	205	181	149	3.6	3.1	2.5
Government	291	297	290	1.3	1.3	1.2
Federal	40	35	37	1.4	1.2	1.2
State and local	251	263	252	1.3	1.3	1.2
State and local education	101	112	96	0.9	1.0	0.9
State and local, excluding education	150	150	157	1.6	1.6	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	871	644	821	3.2	2.3	2.9
South	2,275	2,237	2,073	3.9	3.8	3.5
Midwest	1,141	919	1,034	3.5	2.8	3.1
West	1,159	1,056	1,004	3.2	2.9	2.7
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	5,233	4,535	4,502	3.4	2.9	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,977	4,312	4,256	3.8	3.2	3.2
Mining and logging	23	20	19	3.7	3.2	3.0
Construction	381	324	266	5.0	4.1	3.3
Manufacturing	422	296	331	3.3	2.3	2.6
Durable goods	235	160	191	2.9	2.0	2.4
Nondurable goods	187	136	140	3.9	2.8	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,061	899	848	3.7	3.1	3.0
Wholesale trade	142	151	127	2.3	2.5	2.1
Retail trade	613	540	518	4.0	3.5	3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	306	208	203	4.3	2.9	2.9
Information	82	77	71	2.7	2.6	2.4
Financial activities	161	163	147	1.8	1.8	1.6
Finance and insurance	102	101	95	1.5	1.5	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	59	61	51	2.4	2.5	2.1
Professional and business services	988	964	958	4.4	4.2	4.2
Private education and health services	741	660	668	2.9	2.5	2.5
Private educational services	61	48	59	1.6	1.2	1.5
Health care and social assistance	680	612	609	3.2	2.8	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	908	759	805	5.7	4.7	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	98	95	107	4.3	4.0	4.3
Accommodation and food services	810	663	698	5.9	4.8	5.0
Other services	209	152	142	3.6	2.6	2.4
Government	256	223	246	1.1	0.9	1.0
Federal	31	28	28	1.1	1.0	0.9
State and local	225	194	218	1.1	0.9	1.1
State and local education	90	78	90	0.8	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	135	116	128	1.5	1.2	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	703	650	700	2.6	2.3	2.5
South	2,318	1,932	1,913	4.0	3.3	3.2
Midwest	1,048	920	924	3.2	2.8	2.8
West	1,164	1,033	965	3.2	2.8	2.6
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	3,466	2,814	2,972	2.2	1.8	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,297	2,672	2,825	2.5	2.0	2.1
Mining and logging	13	12	11	2.1	1.9	1.8
Construction	126	117	139	1.6	1.5	1.7
Manufacturing	278	178	191	2.2	1.4	1.5
Durable goods	154	96	107	1.9	1.2	1.3
Nondurable goods	123	82	85	2.5	1.7	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	784	573	585	2.7	2.0	2.0
Wholesale trade	102	92	86	1.7	1.5	1.4
Retail trade	473	358	358	3.1	2.3	2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	209	123	141	3.0	1.7	2.0
Information	35	45	35	1.1	1.5	1.2
Financial activities	99	104	97	1.1	1.1	1.1
Finance and insurance	55	66	70	0.8	1.0	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	44	38	27	1.8	1.6	1.1
Professional and business services	578	504	577	2.6	2.2	2.5
Private education and health services	566	475	498	2.3	1.8	1.9
Private educational services	42	37	40	1.1	0.9	1.0
Health care and social assistance	524	438	458	2.5	2.0	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	672	555	605	4.2	3.4	3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	50	48	57	2.2	2.0	2.3
Accommodation and food services	622	506	547	4.5	3.7	3.9
Other services	146	109	86	2.5	1.9	1.5
Government	169	142	147	0.7	0.6	0.6
Federal	16	14	13	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	153	128	134	0.8	0.6	0.6
State and local education	60	55	52	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	93	73	82	1.0	0.8	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	444	359	440	1.6	1.3	1.6
South	1,612	1,247	1,304	2.8	2.1	2.2
Midwest	678	550	632	2.1	1.7	1.9
West	732	658	596	2.0	1.8	1.6
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	1,516	1,426	1,218	1.0	0.9	0.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,470	1,382	1,168	1.1	1.0	0.9
Mining and logging	9	7	6	1.4	1.2	1.0
Construction	247	197	103	3.2	2.5	1.3
Manufacturing	127	102	115	1.0	0.8	0.9
Durable goods	69	54	68	0.9	0.7	0.8
Nondurable goods	58	48	47	1.2	1.0	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	226	246	197	0.8	0.9	0.7
Wholesale trade	30	50	37	0.5	0.8	0.6
Retail trade	115	119	116	0.7	0.8	0.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	80	77	44	1.1	1.1	0.6
Information	41	22	35	1.4	0.7	1.2
Financial activities	51	38	37	0.6	0.4	0.4
Finance and insurance	36	23	19	0.5	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	14	15	18	0.6	0.6	0.7
Professional and business services	364	414	335	1.6	1.8	1.5
Private education and health services	146	145	141	0.6	0.6	0.5
Private educational services	17	7	16	0.4	0.2	0.4
Health care and social assistance	128	138	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	211	185	159	1.3	1.1	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	44	45	48	1.9	1.9	1.9
Accommodation and food services	167	139	111	1.2	1.0	0.8
Other services	49	25	40	0.8	0.4	0.7
Government	47	44	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	5	5	5	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	42	39	44	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	20	16	27	0.2	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	22	23	18	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	226	225	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
South	612	593	492	1.1	1.0	0.8
Midwest	332	305	224	1.0	0.9	0.7
West	347	303	297	1.0	0.8	0.8
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
Total	251	295	312	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	210	258	263	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	1	1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Construction	9	9	25	0.1	0.1	0.3
Manufacturing	17	16	24	0.1	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	11	10	17	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	5	7	8	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	51	80	66	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	10	9	4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	25	63	44	0.2	0.4	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	16	8	18	0.2	0.1	0.3
Information	6	9	2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Financial activities	11	20	13	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finance and insurance	11	12	6	0.2	0.2	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	0	8	6	0.0	0.3	0.3
Professional and business services	46	46	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Private education and health services	29	40	29	0.1	0.2	0.1
Private educational services	2	4	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	27	36	26	0.1	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	24	19	41	0.1	0.1	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	21	17	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other services	15	18	16	0.3	0.3	0.3
Government	41	36	49	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	10	9	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	30	27	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
State and local education	11	7	11	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	19	20	29	0.2	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	33	66	54	0.1	0.2	0.2
South	95	92	117	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	38	64	68	0.1	0.2	0.2
West	86	73	73	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)	Mar. 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,413	7,553	7,337	6.0	5.4	5.2
1 to 9 employees	1,305	1,700	1,592	5.8	7.5	7.0
10 to 49 employees	2,661	1,928	1,986	5.8	4.7	4.7
50 to 249 employees	2,459	2,103	2,001	6.1	5.1	4.9
250 to 999 employees	1,054	961	909	5.8	4.7	4.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	647	588	584	7.4	6.1	6.2
5,000 or more employees	287	272	267	6.5	5.2	5.1
HIRES
Total private	5,156	4,558	4,642	3.9	3.4	3.5
1 to 9 employees	769	642	713	3.7	3.1	3.4
10 to 49 employees	1,658	1,504	1,554	3.8	3.8	3.8
50 to 249 employees	1,711	1,443	1,462	4.6	3.7	3.8
250 to 999 employees	687	604	572	4.0	3.1	3.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	266	296	270	3.3	3.3	3.0
5,000 or more employees	65	68	71	1.6	1.4	1.4
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	4,977	4,312	4,256	3.8	3.2	3.2
1 to 9 employees	702	594	575	3.3	2.8	2.7
10 to 49 employees	1,585	1,416	1,373	3.6	3.6	3.4
50 to 249 employees	1,678	1,435	1,409	4.5	3.7	3.6
250 to 999 employees	646	573	571	3.8	2.9	3.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	308	238	257	3.8	2.7	2.9
5,000 or more employees	57	56	71	1.4	1.1	1.4
QUITS
Total private	3,297	2,672	2,825	2.5	2.0	2.1
1 to 9 employees	381	365	393	1.8	1.7	1.9
10 to 49 employees	1,102	932	951	2.5	2.4	2.3
50 to 249 employees	1,184	862	938	3.2	2.2	2.4
250 to 999 employees	401	340	352	2.4	1.7	1.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	192	139	150	2.4	1.6	1.7
5,000 or more employees	37	34	41	0.9	0.7	0.8
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,470	1,382	1,168	1.1	1.0	0.9
1 to 9 employees	264	193	126	1.3	0.9	0.6
10 to 49 employees	419	394	350	1.0	1.0	0.9
50 to 249 employees	447	505	390	1.2	1.3	1.0
250 to 999 employees	226	195	196	1.3	1.0	1.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	100	81	89	1.2	0.9	1.0
5,000 or more employees	13	14	17	0.3	0.3	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	210	258	263	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	57	36	57	0.3	0.2	0.3
10 to 49 employees	64	91	73	0.1	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	46	68	80	0.1	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	20	38	23	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	16	18	17	0.2	0.2	0.2
5,000 or more employees	8	8	13	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.